Market Overview, Trends and Challenges
The most significant trend in the high performance computing market is the continuing
expansion and acceptance throughout the high performance computing market of low-bandwidth
and commodity cluster systems using microprocessors manufactured by Intel, AMD, IBM and
others with commercially available commodity networking and other components, especially in
capacity computing environments. These systems may offer higher theoretical peak
performance for equivalent cost, and vendors of such systems often put pricing pressure on
us in competitive procurements, even at times in capability market procurements.
To compete against these systems in the longer term, we need to incorporate greater
performance differentiation across our products. We believe we will have such
differentiation through our new vector-based supercomputer being developed in our BlackWidow
project and our new multithreaded supercomputer being developed in our Eldorado project.
These systems, which focus initially on a narrower market than our commodity processor
products, are expected to be available in 2007. One of our challenges is to broaden the
markets for these products. We must add greater performance differentiation to our
high-bandwidth massively parallel commodity processor-based products, such as the Cray XT3
and successor systems, while balancing the business strategy trade-offs between using
commodity parts, which are available to our competitors, and proprietary components, which
are both expensive and time-consuming to develop. We intend to grow our share of the
capability market and concentrate on those parts of the enterprise market where we have
competitive advantages.
Our success depends on several other factors, including in particular timely and
efficient execution of our research and development plans which should provide us with
leading-edge technologies. We must effectively market and sell products that utilize these
technologies as differentiated products and continue to broaden our geographic markets in
Europe and Asia. We need to continue to successfully obtain co-development funding for
certain of our research and development efforts. Longer term, our Adaptive Supercomputing
vision incorporates our broad technical strengths into a single system, reducing our
expected development costs and risks. Our ability to innovate and execute in these areas
will determine the extent to which we are able to grow existing revenue profitably despite
the high level of competitive activity.
Key Performance Indicators
Our management monitors and analyzes several key performance indicators in order to
manage our business and evaluate our financial and operating performance, including:
Revenue. Product revenue constitutes the major portion of our revenue in any reporting
period, and for the reasons discussed elsewhere in this report is subject to great
variability from period to period. In the short term, we closely review the status of
product shipments, installations and acceptances in order to forecast revenue and cash
receipts; longer-term, we monitor the status of product sales opportunities and pipeline and
product development cycles. Revenue growth is the best indicator of whether we are
achieving our objective of increased market share in the markets we address. Our new
products scheduled for 2007 and our longer-term Adaptive Supercomputing vision are efforts
to increase product revenue. As stated below, we expect product revenue to increase in the
second half of 2006, although weighted significantly in the fourth quarter. Service revenue
partially offsets the effect of the variability in product revenue.
Gross margins. Our overall product margins in 2004 and 2005 were not satisfactory,
even adjusting for the effect of our low-margin Red Storm and Cascade development projects,
which were included as product revenue. To be successful, we need to increase product gross
margins, which we believe is best achieved through increased product differentiation. We
also monitor service margins, and have been proactive in both increasing service rates and
reducing service costs, where possible. Our medium-term objective is to achieve overall
margins in the mid-30s or better. Recent increases in gross margins have led to improved
operational results.
Operating expenses. Our operating expenses are driven largely by headcount, contracted
research and development services and the level of co-funded research and development. We
had two major headcount reductions in 2005, including phasing out our Vancouver B.C. office.
As part of our ongoing efforts to control operating expenses, we monitor headcount levels in
specific geographic and operational areas. We recently have been successful in receiving
increased levels of co-funding for our research and development projects. Our DARPA
13
Phase III proposal is in line with our long-term development path, although for the
first years of the program, an award would result in increased research and development
expenditures. Our overall operating expenses have significantly decreased in 2006 compared
to 2005, especially in research and development. Our goal is for our operating expenses,
excluding share-based compensation, to be less than 30% of revenue.
Liquidity and cash flows. Given the variability in product revenue, our cash position
also varies from quarter-to-quarter and within a quarter. We closely monitor our expected
cash levels, particularly in light of potential increased inventory purchases for large
system installations and the risk of delays in product shipments and acceptances and, longer
term, in product development. While we increased our cash levels in late 2005 and the first
quarter of 2006, we will likely use cash during the remainder of 2006, and we did so in the
second quarter of 2006. Our goal over time is to build our cash position to improve our
operational and strategic flexibility while at the same time lowering the business risk to
shareholders. Sustained profitability over the long term (not measured on a
quarter-to-quarter basis) is our primary objective, which should improve our cash position
and shareholder value.
The major uncertainties that should be considered in evaluating our business,
operations and prospects and that could affect our future results and financial condition
are set forth below in Part II under Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
This discussion, as well as disclosures included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q, is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in
accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make
estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and
expenses, and related disclosure of contingencies. In preparing our financial statements in
accordance with GAAP, there are certain accounting policies that are particularly important.
These include revenue recognition, inventory valuation, goodwill and intangible assets,
income taxes, the accounting for loss contracts and share-based compensation. Our relevant
accounting policies are set forth in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our
2005 Form 10-K and should be reviewed in conjunction with the attached financial statements
and notes as of June 30, 2006, as they are integral to understanding our results of
operations and financial condition in this interim period. In some cases, these policies
represent required accounting. In other cases, they may represent a choice between
acceptable accounting methods or may require substantial judgment or estimation.
Additionally, we consider certain judgments and estimates to be significant, including
those related to valuation estimates of deferred tax assets, valuation of inventory at the
lower of cost or market, estimates to complete for percentage of completion accounting on
the Red Storm contract, estimates of proportional performance on engineering service
contracts, assumptions used to determine fair value of stock options, and impairment of
goodwill and other intangible assets. We base our estimates on historical experience,
current conditions and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the
circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.
Our management has discussed the selection of significant accounting policies and the
effect of judgments and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned. In accordance with
the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 104, Revenue
Recognition in Financial Statements, we consider revenue realized or realizable and earned
when we have persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the product has been shipped or the
services have been provided to our customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable, no significant unfulfilled obligations
exist and collectibility is reasonably assured. In addition to the aforementioned general
policy, the following are the specific revenue recognition policies for each major category
of revenue and for multiple-element arrangements.
14
Products: We recognize revenue from our product lines as follows:
|
|
Cray X1/X1E and Cray XT3 Product Lines: We recognize revenue from product sales
upon customer acceptance of the system, when we have no significant unfulfilled
obligations stipulated by the contract that affect the customers final acceptance, the
price is determinable and collection is reasonably assured. A customer-signed notice of
acceptance or similar document is required from the customer prior to revenue
recognition. |
|
|
Cray XD1 Product Line: We recognize revenue from product sales of Cray XD1
systems upon shipment to, or delivery to, the customer, depending upon contract terms,
when we have no significant unfulfilled obligations stipulated by the contract, the
price is determinable and collection is reasonably assured. If there is a contractual
requirement for customer acceptance, revenue is recognized upon receipt of the notice
of acceptance and when we have no unfulfilled obligations. |
Revenue from contracts that require us to design, develop, manufacture or modify
complex information technology systems to a customers specifications is recognized using
the percentage of completion method for long-term development projects under AICPA Statement
of Position 81-1, Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain
Production-Type Contracts. Percentage of completion is measured based on the ratio of costs
incurred to date compared to the total estimated costs. Total estimated costs are based on
several factors, including estimated labor hours to complete certain tasks and the estimated
cost of purchased components or services. Estimates may need to be adjusted from quarter to
quarter, which would impact revenue and margins on a cumulative basis. To the extent the
estimate of total costs to complete the contract indicates a loss, such amount is recognized
in full at that time.
Services: Revenue for the maintenance of computers is recognized ratably over the term
of the maintenance contract. Maintenance contracts that are paid in advance are recorded as
deferred revenue. We consider fiscal funding clauses as contingencies for the recognition of
revenue until the funding is virtually assured. High performance computing service revenue
is recognized as the services are rendered.
Multiple-Element Arrangements. We commonly enter into transactions that include
multiple-element arrangements, which may include any combination of hardware, maintenance
and other services. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-21, Revenue
Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables, when some elements are delivered prior to others in
an arrangement and all of the following criteria are met, revenue for the delivered element
is recognized upon delivery and acceptance of such item:
|
|
The element could be sold separately; |
|
|
|
The fair value of the undelivered element is established; and |
|
|
In cases with any general right of return, our performance with respect to any
undelivered element is within our control and probable. |
If all of the criteria are not met, revenue is deferred until delivery of the last
element as the elements would not be considered a separate unit of accounting and revenue
would be recognized as described above under our product line or service revenue recognition
policies. We consider the maintenance period to commence upon installation and acceptance
of the product, which may include a warranty period and accordingly allocate a portion of
the sales price as a separate deliverable which is recognized as service revenue over the
entire service period.
Inventory Valuation
We record our inventory at the lower of cost or market. We regularly evaluate the
technological usefulness and anticipated future demand of our inventory components. Due to
rapid changes in technology and the increasing demands of our customers, we are continually
developing new products. Additionally, during periods of product or inventory component
upgrades or transitions, we may acquire significant quantities of inventory to support
estimated current and future production and service requirements. As a result, it is
possible that older inventory items we have purchased may become obsolete, be sold below
cost or be deemed in excess of quantities required for
15
production or service requirements. When we determine it is not likely we will recover
the cost of inventory items through future sales, we write down the related inventory to our
estimate of its market value.
Because the products we sell have high average sales prices and competitive product
lives of generally one to two years, and because a high number of our prospective customers
receive funding from U.S. or foreign governments, it is difficult to estimate future sales
of our products and the timing of such sales. It also is difficult to determine whether the
cost of our inventories will ultimately be recovered through future sales. While we believe
our inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market and that our estimates and
assumptions to determine any adjustments to the cost of our inventories are reasonable, our
estimates may prove to be inaccurate. We have sold inventory previously reduced in part or
in whole to zero, and we may have future sales of previously written down inventory. We also
may have additional expense to write down inventory to its estimated market value.
Adjustments to these estimates in the future may materially impact our operating results.
Goodwill
Approximately 22% of our total assets as of June 30, 2006 consisted of goodwill
resulting from our acquisition of the Cray Research business unit assets from Silicon
Graphics, Inc. (SGI) in 2000 and our acquisition of OctigaBay Systems Corporation in April
2004. We no longer amortize goodwill associated with the acquisitions, but we are required
to conduct ongoing analyses of the recorded amount of goodwill in comparison to its
estimated fair value. We currently have one operating segment and reporting unit. As such,
we evaluate any potential goodwill impairment by comparing our net assets against the market
value of our outstanding shares of common stock. We performed an annual impairment test
effective January 1, 2006, and determined that our recorded goodwill was not impaired.
The analysis of whether the fair value of recorded goodwill is impaired and the number
and nature of our reporting units involves a substantial amount of judgment. Future charges
related to the amounts recorded for goodwill could be material depending on future
developments and changes in technology and our business.
Accounting for Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between
financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax
credit carryforwards and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in
effect when the differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. In
accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109, Accounting for
Income Taxes, a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is provided when we estimate
that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets may not be
realized through future operations. This assessment is based upon consideration of
available positive and negative evidence, which includes, among other things, our most
recent results of operations and expected future profitability. We consider our actual
historical results to have stronger weight than other more subjective indicators when
considering whether to establish or reduce a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. As
of June 30, 2006, we had approximately $139.3 million of deferred tax assets, of which
$138.7 million was fully reserved. The net deferred tax assets were generated in foreign
jurisdictions where we believe it is more likely than not that we will realize these assets
through future operations. For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2006 we
recognized income tax expense of $212,000 and $481,000, respectively, and for the three and
six month periods ended June 30, 2005, we recognized income tax expense of $305,000 and
$425,000, respectively. Income tax expense in all periods was related to taxes due in
foreign and certain state jurisdictions.
Accounting for Loss Contracts
In accordance with our revenue recognition policy, certain production contracts are
accounted for using the percentage of completion accounting method. We recognize revenue
based on a measurement of completion comparing the ratio of costs incurred to date with
total estimated costs multiplied by the contract value. Inherent in these estimates are
uncertainties about the total cost to complete the project. If the estimate to complete
results in a loss on the contract, we will record the amount of the estimated loss in the
period the determination is made. On a regular basis, we update our estimates of total
costs. Changes to the estimate may result in a charge or benefit to operations. As of June
30, 2006, our estimate of loss on the Red Storm contract was consistent with our estimate of
16
such loss as of December 31, 2005, which was a cumulative loss of $15.3 million, all of
which was recorded in prior periods. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the balance
in the Red Storm loss contract accrual account was $3.4 million and $5.7 million,
respectively, and is included in Other accrued liabilities in the accompanying Condensed
Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Share-Based Compensation
On January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Financial
Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (FAS 123R).
Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for share-based payments under the recognition and
measurement provisions of APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB
25), and related Interpretations, as permitted by FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation (FAS 123). In accordance with APB 25, no compensation cost was
required to be recognized for options granted that had an exercise price equal to the market
value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.
We adopted FAS 123R using the modified-prospective transition method. Under that
transition method, compensation cost recognized for the three and six months ended June 30,
2006 includes: (a) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not
yet vested, as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in
accordance with the original provisions of FAS 123, and (b) compensation cost for all
share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair
value estimated in accordance with the provisions of FAS 123R. The financial results for the
prior periods have not been restated.
Estimates of fair value of stock options are based upon the Black-Scholes option
pricing model. We utilize assumptions related to stock price volatility, stock option term
and forfeiture rates that are based upon both historical factors as well as managements
judgment.
Results of Operations
Revenue and Gross Margins
Our revenue, cost of revenue and gross margin for the three and six months ended June
30 were (in thousands, except for percentages):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Product revenue |
|
$ |
40,201 |
|
|
$ |
24,647 |
|
|
$ |
66,511 |
|
|
$ |
58,916 |
|
Less: Cost of product revenue |
|
|
41,210 |
|
|
|
18,099 |
|
|
|
67,562 |
|
|
|
44,776 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product gross margin |
|
$ |
(1,009 |
) |
|
$ |
6,548 |
|
|
$ |
(1,051 |
) |
|
$ |
14,140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product gross margin percentage |
|
(3%) |
|
|
|
27% |
|
|
(2%) |
|
|
24% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Service revenue |
|
$ |
13,218 |
|
|
$ |
13,866 |
|
|
$ |
24,542 |
|
|
$ |
28,112 |
|
Less: Cost of service revenue |
|
|
7,531 |
|
|
|
7,901 |
|
|
|
15,106 |
|
|
|
15,594 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Service gross margin |
|
$ |
5,687 |
|
|
$ |
5,965 |
|
|
$ |
9,436 |
|
|
$ |
12,518 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Service gross margin percentage |
|
43% |
|
| 43% |
|
| 38% |
|
| 45% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue |
|
$ |
53,419 |
|
|
$ |
38,513 |
|
|
$ |
91,053 |
|
|
$ |
87,028 |
|
Less: Total cost of revenue |
|
|
48,741 |
|
|
|
26,000 |
|
|
|
82,668 |
|
|
|
60,370 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gross margin |
|
$ |
4,678 |
|
|
$ |
12,513 |
|
|
$ |
8,385 |
|
|
$ |
26,658 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gross margin percentage |
| 9% |
|
|
33% |
|
| 9% |
|
|
31% |
|
17
Product revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2006, and 2005 consisted of
$14.8 million and $35.4 million, respectively, primarily from Cray XT3 systems, Cray XD1
systems, Cray X1/X1E systems and other products and $9.9 million and $4.8 million,
respectively, from our Cascade and Red Storm development projects. Product revenue for the
six months ended June 30, 2006, and 2005 consisted of $41.1 million and $55.7 million,
respectively, primarily from Cray XT3 systems, Cray XD1 systems, Cray X1/X1E systems and
other products, as well as $17.8 million and $10.8 million, respectively, from our Cascade
and Red Storm development projects.
Although total revenue decreased by approximately 4% in the first six months of 2006 as
compared to the same period in 2005, we expect total revenue for 2006
to increase. Due to the size of a few large orders and the difficulty
in predicting the timing of customer acceptances, there remains a
large range of potential revenue results in 2006, ranging from modest
to potentially 20 percent growth. Other results are possible see
Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part II of this report following
this discussion. Included in the expected product revenue growth for
2006 is approximately $38 million expected to be recognized for our Cray X1/X1E installation
at the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in South Korea in the fourth quarter of
2006. This system was accepted in the fourth quarter of 2005, is in production, and we have
received full payment. However, contract provisions with regard to significant unfulfilled
obligations have delayed our ability to recognize revenue on the contract until the fourth
quarter of 2006. We expect that the second half of 2006 will be stronger than the first
half, with the possibility for 60 percent of product revenue to be recognized in the fourth
quarter. Our 2006 plan is dependent on having an upgraded version of the Cray XT3 system
delivered, installed and accepted by customers before year-end. Product revenue generated
from the Phase II portion of the Cascade program ended in July 2006. Any anticipated future
Cascade project funding in Phase III is not expected to be recorded as revenue, but rather
as a reduction to research and development expense, as the anticipated total amount of
funding expected to be received in Phase III will be less than the total estimated
development effort. For this reason, revenue associated with development projects is
expected to decrease substantially in the second half of 2006 from the $17.8 million of
revenue recognized in the first half of the year.
Service Revenue
Service revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2006 was essentially flat compared
to the same period of the prior year. Service revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2006
increased $3.6 million, or 15%, over the same period in 2005, principally as a result of an
increase in revenue from a custom engineering professional service
contract that occurred in the first
quarter of 2006.
Maintenance services are provided under separate maintenance contracts with our
customers. These contracts generally provide for maintenance services for one year, although
some are for multi-year periods, often with prepayments for the term of the contract. We
consider the maintenance period to commence upon installation of the product, which may
include a warranty period. We allocate a portion of the sales price to maintenance service
revenue based on estimates of fair value. We recognize revenue ratably over the entire
service period. While we expect our maintenance service revenue to stabilize and potentially
increase over the next year, we may have periodic revenue and margin declines as our older,
high margin service contracts end. Our newer products will likely require less hardware
maintenance and therefore generate less maintenance revenue than our historic vector
systems.
Product Gross Margin
Product gross margin improved 30 percentage points for the three month period ended
June 30, 2006 over the same period in 2005, and 26 percentage points for the six month
period ended June 30, 2006, compared to the same period in 2005. These improvements in
product gross margin were due to increased margins on the Cray X1/X1E and Cray XD1 product
lines, lower costs than estimated on the Cascade research and development project,
significantly decreased manufacturing variances, and no amortization of core technology
during 2006.
Service Gross Margin
Service gross margin for the three months ended June 30, 2006, was comparable to the
respective 2005 period. However, service gross margin increased by 7 percentage points for
the six months ended June 30, 2006, compared to the respective 2005 period due to a higher
margin custom engineering professional service contract. We expect service gross margin for
the remaining quarters of 2006 to be in the range of approximately 35% to 45%.
18
Research and Development Expenses
Our research and development expenses for the three and six months ended June 30 were
(in thousands, except for percentages):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Gross research and development expenses |
|
$ |
24,205 |
|
|
$ |
26,135 |
|
|
$ |
46,494 |
|
|
$ |
52,208 |
|
Less: Amounts included in cost of product revenue |
|
|
(5,145 |
) |
|
|
(8,734 |
) |
|
|
(9,535 |
) |
|
|
(15,112 |
) |
Less: Reimbursed research and development
(excludes amounts in revenue) |
|
|
(5,633 |
) |
|
|
(11,030 |
) |
|
|
(10,500 |
) |
|
|
(23,510 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net research and development expenses |
|
$ |
13,427 |
|
|
$ |
6,371 |
|
|
$ |
26,459 |
|
|
$ |
13,586 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage of total revenue |
|
25% |
|
|
17% |
|
|
29% |
|
|
16% |
|
Gross research and development expenses in the table above reflect all research
and development expenditures, including expenses related to our research and development
activities on the Red Storm and Cascade projects. Research and development expenses on our
Red Storm and Cascade projects are reflected as cost of product revenue, and government
co-funding on our other projects are recorded as reimbursed research and development.
Research and development expenses include personnel expenses, depreciation, allocations for
certain overhead expenses, software, prototype materials and outside contracted engineering
expenses.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, net research and development expenses
decreased as compared to the same periods in 2005 due principally to increased funding for
our BlackWidow project and reduced research and development expenses for the Cray XD1
product line. Although we signed a development contract for our Eldorado project in late
June 2006, no offset of research and development expenses related to this contract was
recorded in the second quarter.
For the remainder of 2006, we expect higher gross and net research and development
expenses. This expectation assumes that we will receive a Phase III award in the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS)
program and thus we plan on increasing the Cascade project activity in the second half of
the year. If we receive a Phase III DARPA award, our Cascade project development costs will
no longer be fully funded and we must contribute a portion of such costs. The Phase III
awards have been delayed, and we now expect the outcome to be to be announced within the
next few months. The outcome and timing of the Phase III award will result in an increase in
our research and development expenses associated with our Cascade program. Due to the delay
in the award, third quarter research and development expenses could be double second quarter
2006 levels, with fourth quarter levels dependent on the status of the award. We will
continue to incur development expenses for our Cray XT3, upgrade and successor systems, and
we expect continued activity on our BlackWidow and Eldorado projects. We expect to receive
additional funding for our BlackWidow project, although all anticipated reimbursements on
this project have not yet been fully authorized for calendar year 2006. If this project is
not funded by the government as anticipated, or if we do not receive a Phase III of the
DARPA HPCS project, our net research and development expense could be significantly higher
than anticipated and have an adverse impact on our operating results in 2006. We can offer
no assurance that we will participate in the DARPA Phase III HPCS program.
Other Operating Expenses
Our sales and marketing, general and administrative, and restructuring and severance
charges for the three months ended June 30 were (in thousands, except for percentages):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
June 30, |
|
June 30, |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
Sales and marketing |
|
$ |
7,574 |
|
|
$ |
5,682 |
|
|
$ |
14,173 |
|
|
$ |
10,667 |
|
Percentage of total revenue |
|
14% |
|
15% |
|
16% |
|
12% |
General and administrative |
|
$ |
4,607 |
|
|
$ |
4,600 |
|
|
$ |
8,874 |
|
|
$ |
10,194 |
|
Percentage of total revenue |
|
9% |
|
12% |
|
10% |
|
12% |
Restructuring and severance |
|
$ |
1,947 |
|
|
$ |
549 |
|
|
$ |
1,732 |
|
|
$ |
1,287 |
|
Percentage of total revenue |
|
4% |
|
1% |
|
2% |
|
1% |
19
Sales and Marketing. The decrease in expenses for both the three and six month periods
ended June 30, 2006, compared to the same periods in 2005, was primarily due to a decrease
in headcount as a result of a reduction-in-force that took place in the second quarter of
2005. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase modestly from first half levels for
the second half of 2006 due to increased sales commissions as a result of higher anticipated
revenue, but decline compared to annual 2005 levels due to reduced headcount, offset in part
by re-establishment of full salaries for all of 2006.
General and Administrative. General and administrative costs for the three months
ended June 30, 2006 were relatively flat compared to the same period in 2005. The increase
in general and administrative costs for the six months ended June 30, 2006 over the
corresponding 2005 period was primarily due to an increase in non-cash stock-based
compensation incurred in connection with restricted stock and stock option grants, and an
increase in expense for variable pay and retention compensation expenses, which were
partially offset by a general headcount decrease and the effects of the reduction-in-force
that occurred in the second quarter of 2005. We expect general and administrative expenses
to remain modestly higher for the remainder of 2006 compared to 2005 levels due to
re-establishment of full salaries and our variable pay program, the executive retention and
restricted stock grant programs instituted in December 2005 and additional personnel to be
hired in finance, although at lower levels than in the first half of 2006.
Restructuring and Severance. Restructuring, severance and impairment charges include
costs related to our efforts to reduce our overall cost structure by reducing headcount.
During the second quarter of 2005, we implemented a worldwide reduction in workforce of 90
employees, or 10% of our worldwide workforce. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we implemented
an additional reduction of 65 employees. In the second quarter of 2006, we incurred
additional severance costs related to both our second and fourth quarter 2005 actions.
Other Expense, net
For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, we recognized net other expense of
$1.8 million and net other income of $153,000, respectively. For the six months ended June
30, 2006 and 2005, we recognized net other expense of $1.9 million and $349,000,
respectively. Net other expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 was
principally the result of a $1.6 million loss in fair value on our foreign currency
derivative, while net other income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005
was principally the result of net foreign currency transaction gains
(losses). We expect the impact of the foreign currency loss with regard to the foreign currency
derivative will be recovered when the revenue on the related product sale is recognized.
Interest Income (Expense)
Our interest income and interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30
were (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Interest income |
|
$ |
77 |
|
|
$ |
629 |
|
|
$ |
415 |
|
|
$ |
1,114 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(844 |
) |
|
|
(1,070 |
) |
|
|
(1,619 |
) |
|
|
(2,163 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net interest income (expense) |
|
$ |
(767 |
) |
|
$ |
(441 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,204 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,049 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to
the same periods in 2005 as a result of higher average invested cash balances and higher
short-term interest rates.
Interest expense for both three month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 principally
consisted of $600,000 of interest on our convertible notes. Additionally, we recorded
non-cash amortization of capitalized issuance costs of $338,000 and $171,000, respectively.
Interest expense for both six month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 principally
consisted of $1.2 million of interest on our convertible notes and $676,000 and $337,000,
respectively, of non-cash amortization of capitalized issuance costs. The amount of non-cash
amortization of capitalized issuance costs was higher in 2006 than in 2005 as the line of
credit agreement was entered into in May 2005.
20
Taxes
We recorded tax expense of $212,000 and $481,000 for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006, respectively, and $305,000 and $425,000 for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2005, respectively. The tax expense recognized in both 2006 and 2005 reflects
estimated current and deferred foreign and state income tax expense for the first quarter
and first half of each year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable totaled $85.6 million at June 30, 2006,
compared to $101.1 million at December 31, 2005; cash and cash equivalents decreased by $2.7
million while accounts receivable decreased by $12.8 million. At June 30, 2006, we had
working capital of $47.2 million compared to $52.2 million at December 31, 2005.
Net cash used by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was $2.2
million compared to a use of $75.2 million for the same period in 2005. For the six months
ended June 30, 2006, cash used by operating activities was principally the result of our net
loss for the period, an increase in inventory and decrease in deferred revenue, partially
offset by a decrease in accounts receivable and increase in accounts payable. For the six
months ended June 30, 2005, cash used by operating activities was principally the result of
our net loss for the period and increases in inventory and accounts receivable, partially
offset by an increase in accounts payable.
Net cash used by investing activities was $1.2 million for the six months ended June
30, 2006, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $42.3 million for the
respective 2005 period. Net cash used by investing activities for the six months ended June
30, 2006 consisted primarily of purchases of property and equipment. Net cash provided by
investing activities for the same period in 2005 consisted of net maturities of short-term
investments of $34.3 million and a decrease in restricted cash of $11.4 million, partially
offset by $3.4 million of purchases of property and equipment.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $734,000 for the six months ended June
30, 2006, compared to net cash used by financing activities of $95,000 for the respective
2005 period. Cash provided by financing activities for both periods was primarily cash
received from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of common stock through our
employee stock purchase plan. In both years, these proceeds were offset by line of credit
issuance costs and principal payments on capital leases. During the three month period ended
June 30, 2006, we paid the second half of the closing fee due for our current line of credit
to Wells Fargo Foothill, Inc. in the amount of $375,000.
Over the next twelve months, our significant cash requirements will relate to
operational expenses, consisting primarily of personnel costs, costs of inventory and spare
parts, outside engineering expenses, particularly as we continue development of our Cray XT3
and successor systems and internally fund a portion of the expenses resulting from the
anticipated Phase III of the Cascade program, interest expense and acquisition of property
and equipment. As of June 30, 2006, our remaining fiscal year 2006 capital budget for
property and equipment is approximately $7.2 million. In addition, we lease certain
equipment used in our operations under operating or capital leases in the normal course of
business. The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations as of June 30,
2006 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts Committed by Year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than |
|
|
1-3 |
|
|
4-5 |
|
|
|
|
Contractual Obligations |
|
Total |
|
|
1 year |
|
|
years |
|
|
years |
|
|
Thereafter |
|
Development agreements |
|
$ |
12,216 |
|
|
$ |
9,154 |
|
|
$ |
3,062 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Capital lease obligations |
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating leases |
|
|
7,900 |
|
|
|
3,285 |
|
|
|
4,456 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total contractual cash obligations |
|
$ |
20,210 |
|
|
$ |
12,533 |
|
|
$ |
7,518 |
|
|
$ |
159 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We have $80.0 million of outstanding Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes (Notes)
which are due in 2024. The Notes bear interest at 3.0% ($2.4 million per year) and holders
of the Notes may require us to purchase the Notes on December 1, 2009, December 1, 2014 and
December 1, 2019. Additionally, we have a two-year revolving line of credit for up to $30.0
million, which expires in May 2007. No amounts were outstanding under this line as of
21
June 30, 2006. As of the same date, we were eligible to borrow $28.5 million against
this line of credit; the borrowing limitation relates to restrictions from our cash flow
hedge, open letters of credit and minimum required receivables balance.
In our normal course of operations, we have development arrangements under which we
engage outside engineering resources to work on our research and development projects. For
the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2006, we incurred $6.9 million and $13.9
million, respectively, for such arrangements, and for the three and six month periods ended
June 30, 2005, we incurred $3.4 million and $5.7 million, respectively, for such
arrangements.
At any particular time, our cash position is affected by the timing of cash receipts
for product sales, maintenance contracts, government co-funding for research and development
activities and our payments for inventory, resulting in significant fluctuations in our cash
balance from quarter-to-quarter and within a quarter. Our principal sources of liquidity are
our cash and cash equivalents, operations and credit facility. Even assuming acceptances and
payment for large new systems to be sold and benefit from our 2004 and 2005 restructurings
and other recent cost reduction efforts, we expect our cash flow to be negative for 2006 as
a whole, largely to support working capital requirements, although a wide range of results
is possible. Currently, we do not anticipate borrowing from our credit line during 2006,
although it is possible that we may have to do so.
If we were to experience a material shortfall in our plans, we would take all
appropriate actions to ensure the continuing operation of our business and to mitigate any
negative impact on our operating results and available cash resources. The range of actions
we could take includes, in the short-term, reductions in inventory purchases and
commitments, seeking financing from investors, strategic partners and vendors and other
financial sources and further reducing headcount-related expenses, although we can offer no
assurance that these actions would be effective.
We have been focusing on expense controls, negotiating sales contracts with advance
partial payments where possible, implementing tighter purchasing and manufacturing processes
and improving working capital management in order to maintain adequate levels of cash. While
we believe these steps will generate sufficient cash to fund our operations for at least the
next twelve months, we may consider enhancing our cash and working capital position by
raising additional equity or debt capital. There can be no assurance that we would succeed
in these efforts or that additional funding would be available. Additionally, the adequacy
of our cash resources is dependent on the amount and timing of government funding as well as
our ability to sell our products, particularly the Cray XT3 and future systems, with
adequate margins. Beyond the next twelve months, the adequacy of our cash resources will
largely depend on our success in re-establishing profitable operations and positive
operating cash flows on a sustained basis. See Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part II below.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates and equity
price fluctuations.
Interest Rate Risk: We invest our available cash in investment-grade debt instruments
of corporate issuers and in debt instruments of the U.S. government and its agencies. We do
not have any derivative instruments in our investment portfolio. We protect and preserve
invested funds by limiting default, market and reinvestment risk. Investments in both
fixed-rate and floating-rate interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate
risk. Fixed-rate securities may have their fair market value adversely affected due to a
rise in interest rates, while floating-rate securities may produce less income than expected
if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall
short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal
if forced to sell securities, which have declined in market value due to changes in interest
rates. At June 30, 2006, we held a portfolio of highly liquid investments, all which were to
mature in less than 90 days from the date of initial investment.
Foreign Currency Risk: We sell our products primarily in North America, Asia and
Europe. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in
foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. Our products
are generally priced in U.S. dollars, and a strengthening of the dollar
22
could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. While we commonly sell
products with payments in U.S. dollars, our product sales contracts occasionally call for
payment in foreign currencies and to the extent we do so, or engage with our foreign
subsidiaries in transactions deemed to be short-term in nature, we are subject to foreign
currency exchange risks. As of June 30, 2006, we held a forward contract on £13.5 million
(British pound sterling) to hedge anticipated cash receipts on a sales contract and a
value-added tax receivable. As of June 30, 2006, the fair value of this contract was a loss
of approximately $300,000. Our foreign maintenance contracts are paid in local currencies
and provide a natural hedge against foreign exchange exposure. To the extent that we wish to
repatriate any of these funds to the United States, however, we are subject to foreign
exchange risks. As of June 30, 2006, a 10% change in foreign exchange rates could impact our
annual earnings and cash flows by approximately $800,000.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Under the supervision and with the
participation of our senior management, including our chief executive officer and chief
financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and
operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of the end of the period covered by
this quarterly report. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief
financial officer concluded that as of June 30, 2006, our disclosure controls and procedures
were effective such that the information required to be disclosed in our Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) reports (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported
within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial
officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There have been no changes in our
internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30,
2006 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our
internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, we
reported on a consolidated class action filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western
District of Washington alleging certain federal securities laws violations in connection
with the issuance of various reports, press releases and statements in investor telephone
conference calls. We also reported on a consolidated derivative action in the same Court
asserting allegations substantially similar to those asserted in the federal class action as
well as breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate
assets and unjust enrichment. On April 27, 2006, the Court dismissed both complaints.
In the class action, the Court found that plaintiffs failed to plead adequately that
that many of the statements made by defendants were false, failed to plead adequately that
any of the statements were made intentionally or recklessly (made with scienter), and also
ruled that plaintiffs failed to plead adequately that plaintiffs alleged losses were caused
by some of defendants actions. The Court gave the class action plaintiffs 120 days (until
August 28, 2006) to file an amended complaint.
In a separate opinion, the Court dismissed without prejudice the derivative litigation,
finding that plaintiffs had failed to make a demand on our Board of Directors before filing
the case and failed to plead adequately why making a demand would have been futile. The
Court also dismissed with prejudice claims of breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment
based on alleged insider trading and dismissed certain other claims without prejudice on the
additional grounds that the plaintiffs did not allege fraud and misrepresentation with the
required specificity and failed to plead recoverable damages.
In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, we also
reported on a consolidated derivative action filed in the Superior Court of the State of
Washington for King County against
23
members of our Board of Directors and certain current and former officers and former
directors. On April 5, 2006, we and the individual defendants moved to dismiss and/or stay
the state court derivative action. On April 26, 2006, the Court stayed all discovery in
this action pending the Courts ruling on those motions. On May 23, 2006, the plaintiffs
filed an amended consolidated complaint containing substantially the same allegations as the
first consolidated complaint and adding our former auditors as a defendant. On July 28,
2006, we and all defendants filed motions to dismiss the amended consolidated complaint. A
hearing on these motions is scheduled to be held on November 3, 2006.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, we set
forth a detailed list of the risk factors we face with respect to our business and
operations and to our Notes and our common stock under the caption Item 1A. Risk Factors.
We have set forth below in detail the risk factors that pertain to our business and
operations and, with respect to the risk factors that pertain to our Notes and Common Stock,
those that we have updated and the captions of such risk factors that we have not updated.
Please refer to our 2005 Form 10-K for a full discussion of the risks covered by such
captioned risk factors.
Risk Factors Pertaining to Our Business and Operations
Our operating results may fluctuate significantly. Our operating results are subject to
significant fluctuations due to the factors listed below, which make estimating revenue and
earnings for any specific period very difficult. We experienced net losses in each full year
of our development-stage operations prior to 2002. For 2002 we had net income of $5.4
million and for 2003 we had net income of $63.2 million (including an income tax benefit of
$42.2 million, much of which came from the reversal of a valuation allowance against
deferred tax assets). For 2004 we had a net loss of $207.4 million (including an expense for
in-process research and development of $43.4 million and an income tax expense of $59.1
million, of which $58.9 million related to the establishment of a valuation allowance
against deferred tax assets), for 2005 we had a net loss of $64.3 million, and for the first
six months of 2006 we had a net loss of $12.5 million.
Whether we will achieve anticipated revenue and net income on a quarterly and annual
basis in 2006 and subsequent years depends on a number of factors, including:
successfully selling the Cray XT3 system, including upgrades and successor systems, new
products based on our BlackWidow and Eldorado projects, and the timing and funding of
government purchases, especially in the United States;
the level of product margin contribution in any given period;
maintaining our other product development projects on schedule and within budgetary limitations;
the level of revenue recognized in any given period, particularly with very high average
sales prices and limited number of system sales in any quarter, the timing of product
acceptances by customers and contractual provisions affecting revenue recognition;
revenue delays or losses due to customers postponing purchases to wait for future
upgraded or new systems, delays in delivery of upgraded or new systems and longer than
expected customer acceptance cycles;
our expense levels, including research and development net of government funding, which
may be affected by the timing of such funding;
the terms and conditions of sale or lease for our products;
whether we conclude that all or some part of our recorded goodwill has been impaired,
which may be due to changes in our business plans and strategy and/or a decrease in our
fair value (i.e., the market value of our outstanding shares of common stock); and
24
the impact of expensing our share-based compensation under FAS 123R.
The timing of orders and shipments impact our quarterly and annual results and are
affected by additional events outside our control, such as:
|
|
|
the timely availability of acceptable components in sufficient quantities to meet
customer delivery schedules; |
|
|
|
|
timing and level of government funding for products and research and development contracts; |
|
|
|
|
changes in levels of customer capital spending; |
|
|
|
|
the introduction or announcement of competitive products; |
|
|
|
|
the receipt and timing of necessary export licenses; and |
|
|
|
|
currency fluctuations, international conflicts or economic crises. |
Because of the numerous factors affecting our revenue and results of operations, we
cannot assure our investors that we will have net income on a quarterly or annual basis in
the future. We anticipate that our quarterly results will vary significantly, with a major
portion of our 2006 revenue to be recognized in the second half of the year and the
possibility for 60% of our product revenue to be recognized in the fourth quarter of 2006.
Delays in product development, receipt of orders or product acceptances could have a
substantial adverse effect on our results in 2006 and in future years.
Failure to sell Cray XT3 and upgrade systems in planned quantities and gross margins
would adversely affect 2006 revenue and earnings. We expect that a majority of our product
revenue in 2006 will come from a limited number of sales of the Cray XT3 system and an
upgraded system to governmental purchasers in the United States and overseas. We do not
expect to complete development of the upgrade system until the fourth quarter of 2006, and
thus completion of delivery, installation and customer acceptance in the fourth quarter is
at significant risk. We also face significant margin pressure for our Cray XT3 system and
other commodity processor-based products from competitors.
Improved future performance is highly dependent on increased product revenue and
margins. In 2005, we had lower revenue and margins than anticipated for our principal
products. Product revenue was adversely affected by delays in product shipments due to
development delays, including system software development for large systems, and at times by
the availability of key components from third-party vendors. In the past, product margins
have been adversely impacted by competitive pressures, lower volumes than planned and higher
than anticipated manufacturing variances, including scrap, rework and excess and obsolete
inventory. We sometimes do not meet all of the contract requirements for customer acceptance
of our systems, which has resulted in contract penalties. Most often these penalties
adversely affect the gross margin on a sale through the provision of additional equipment
and services to satisfy delivery delays and performance shortfalls, although there is the
risk of contract defaults and product return. The risk of contract penalties is increased
when we bid for new business prior to completion of product development.
To improve our financial performance, we need to receive higher margin orders,
particularly for the Cray XT3 and its upgrade system; deliver shipments of new products on
time, particularly the upgrade to the Cray XT3 system in the fourth quarter of 2006; limit
negative manufacturing variances, contract penalties and other charges that adversely affect
product margin; and complete the Red Storm project without additional losses.
Phase III of the DARPA HPCS Program will affect our operations. Our proposal for Phase
III of the DARPA HPCS program was submitted in early May 2006. In addition to ourselves, IBM and Sun
Microsystems, the other participants in Phase II, also submitted proposals. Phase III
awards are for the delivery of prototype systems by late 2010 and are expected to be in the
range of $200 million to $250 million payable over approximately four and one-half years,
with awardees to contribute a significant portion of the cost. We believe that there likely
will be one or two awardees. Our 2006 plan
25
is based on a successful Phase III proposal. Winning a Phase III award likely will
result in increased net research and development expenditures by us for the cost-sharing
portion of the program and will adversely affect our cash flow, particularly in the early
years of the program. The Phase III awards have been delayed, and we now expect the outcome
to be to be announced within the next few months. The outcome and timing of the Phase III
award will result in an increase in our research and development expenses associated with
our Cascade program. Due to the delay in the award, third quarter research and development
expenses could be double second quarter 2006 levels, with fourth quarter levels dependent on
the status of the award. If we do not receive a Phase III award, we would look for
alternative funding for all or some portion of our proposed development project, which may
not be available, and we would need to revise our long-term development plans and possibly
redeploy and/or reduce our engineering staff. We also may experience decreased customer
confidence in us, particularly by U.S. governmental agencies. Our 2006 expenses,
particularly for research and development, would increase and our long-term revenue and
earnings may be adversely affected.
We face increased liquidity risks that may require us to seek additional financing.
During 2005, we incurred a net loss of $64.3 million and used $36.7 million of cash in
operating activities to fund our operating loss, increased inventory purchases, increased
accounts receivable and additional equipment purchases associated with the introduction of
three new products. Although we increased cash in the second half of 2005 by approximately
$37.5 million and approximately $23.9 million in the first quarter of 2006, we used
approximately $26.5 million of cash in the second quarter of 2006 and we expect to use cash
to fund our operations for the remainder of 2006, largely to support working capital
requirements. Although our plans project that our current cash resources, including our
credit facility, and cash to be generated from operating activities should be adequate for
at least the next 12 months, we likely will face short-term dislocations between receipts
and expenditures. Our plans assume customer acceptances and subsequent collections from
several large customers, as well as cash receipts on new bookings. Delays in the development
of the upgrade to the Cray XT3 system or delays in any planned system acceptances and
payments could result in a significant liquidity challenge which may require us to pursue
additional initiatives to reduce costs further, including reductions in inventory purchases
and commitments and headcount-related expenses and/or seek additional financing. In
addition, we may also face a liquidity challenge from success in our business plan. We have
received and are pursuing several large volume orders which will require us to purchase
inventory and build large systems, which will adversely affect our liquidity until those
systems are delivered, accepted and paid for. As explained in the Risk Factor immediately
above, winning a DARPA Phase III award will adversely affect our cash flow, particularly
during the early years of the program, while failure to receive such an award likely will
increase our 2006 expenses and could adversely affect our long-term revenue and earnings.
For all these reasons, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts
to generate sufficient cash from operations, and we may seek a financing to reduce the risks
of such liquidity challenges. A financing, if available, depending on our circumstances and
external economic and political factors, may not be available on satisfactory terms, may
contain restrictions on our operations, and if involving equity or debt securities, could
reduce the percentage ownership of our shareholders, resulting in additional dilution to our
shareholders. In addition, the securities issued in a financing may have rights, preferences
and privileges senior to the Notes and our common stock.
Our reliance on third-party suppliers poses significant risks to our business and
prospects. We subcontract the manufacture of substantially all of our hardware components
for all of our products, including integrated circuits, printed circuit boards, connectors,
cables, power supplies and memory parts, on a sole or limited source basis to third-party
suppliers. We use contract manufacturers to assemble our components for all of our systems.
We also rely on third parties to supply key capabilities, such as file systems and storage
subsystems. We are subject to substantial risks because of our reliance on limited or sole
source suppliers. For example:
if a supplier did not provide components that meet our specifications in sufficient
quantities, then production and sale of our systems would be delayed;
if a reduction or an interruption of supply of our components occurred, either because
of a significant problem with a supplier not providing parts on time or providing parts
that later prove to be defective or a single-source supplier deciding to no longer provide
those components to us; it could take us a considerable period of time to identify and
qualify alternative suppliers to redesign our products as necessary and to begin
manufacture of the redesigned components or we may not be able to so redesign such
components; see also the Risk Factor
26
captioned We face last-time buy decisions affecting all of our current products, which
may adversely affect our revenue and earnings, below;
if a supplier could not provide a competitive key component, our systems may be less
competitive than systems using components with greater capability;
if we were unable to locate a supplier for a key component, we would be unable to
complete and deliver our products;
one or more suppliers could make strategic changes in their product offerings, which
might delay, suspend manufacture or increase the cost of our components or systems; and
some of our key suppliers are small companies with limited financial and other
resources, and consequently may be more likely to experience financial and operational
difficulties than larger, well-established companies.
Our products must meet demanding specifications, such as integrated circuits that
perform reliably at high frequencies to meet acceptance criteria. From time to time in 2004
and 2005 we incurred delays in the receipt of key components for the Cray X1E, Red Storm,
Cray XT3 and the Cray XD1 systems, which delayed product shipments and acceptances. The
delays in product shipments and acceptances adversely affected 2004 and 2005 revenue and
margins, and may continue to so. We have also received parts that later proved defective,
particularly for the Cray XD1 and Cray XT3 systems, which adversely affects our product and
service margins and customer confidence.
We have used IBM as a key foundry supplier of our integrated circuits for many years.
In 2004 IBM informed us that it would no longer act as our foundry supplier on a long-term
basis, although it will continue production of components for our current products for a
limited time. We have negotiated a termination of the relationship with IBM and completed a
general contract with Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) to act as our foundry for
certain key integrated circuits for our BlackWidow project in 2006 and 2007. We need to
complete agreements with TI for the design and delivery of specific components. If we do
not conclude such agreements or if TI is not able to meet our schedules successfully, we
will be adversely affected.
Our Cray XT3 systems utilize Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) OpteronTM
processors as do our planned upgrades and successor products. To the extent that Intel, IBM
and other microprocessor suppliers develop processors with greater capabilities, even for a
short time, our Cray XT3 systems, including upgrades and successor products, may be at a
competitive disadvantage to systems utilizing such other processors. Our Eldorado project is
based on processors manufactured for us by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company. If
any of our integrated circuit suppliers suffers delays or cancels the development of
enhancements to its processors, our product revenue would be adversely affected. Changing
our product designs to utilize another suppliers integrated circuits would be a costly and
time-consuming process.
We face last-time buy decisions affecting all of our current products, which may
adversely affect our revenue and earnings. We have placed a last-time buy order for parts
used to manufacture our Cray X1/X1E products; we expect to no longer produce the Cray XD1
after 2006, and must plan our inventory purchases accordingly, and we face a last-time buy
deadline for a key component for both our Cray XT3 and successor systems and our Eldorado
and BlackWidow projects in early 2007. Such last-time buy orders and inventory purchases
must be placed before we know all possible sales prospects. In determining last-time buy
orders and inventory purchases, we may either estimate low, in which case we limit the
number of possible sales of products and reduce potential revenue, perhaps substantially, or
we may estimate too high, and incur inventory obsolescence write-downs. Either way, our
earnings would be adversely affected.
Our inability to overcome the technical challenges of completing the development of our
supercomputer systems would adversely affect our revenue and earnings in 2006 and beyond.
Our success in 2006 and in the following years depends on completing development of hardware
and software enhancements to the Cray XT3 systems, including the timely and successful
introduction of dual-core processor technology and successfully completing, shipping and
recognizing revenue for an upgrade to the Cray XT3 system by the fourth quarter of 2006. We
also must successfully and timely complete several key projects on our product roadmap,
including the products based on our BlackWidow and Eldorado projects for 2007 revenue and
successor systems to the Cray XT3. These
27
hardware and software development efforts are lengthy and technically challenging
processes, and require a significant investment of capital, engineering and other resources.
Our engineering and technical personnel resources are limited, have suffered from turnover,
and our employee restructurings have strained our engineering resources further.
Unanticipated performance and/or development issues may require more engineers, time or
testing resources than are currently available. Given the breadth of our engineering
challenges and our limited resources, we periodically review the anticipated contributions
and expense of our product programs to determine their long-term viability. We may not be
successful in meeting our development schedules for technical reasons and/or because of
insufficient hardware and software engineering resources. Delays in completing successfully
the design and production of the hardware components, including several custom integrated
circuits and network components, delays in detecting and correcting, if possible, design
errors in such integrated circuits and components and/or delays in developing requisite
system software, operating system software stability, needed software features and
integrating the full systems, would make it difficult for us to develop and market these
systems timely and successfully and could cause a lack of confidence in our capabilities
among our key customers. We have suffered significantly from product delays in the past,
especially in 2004 and 2005, that adversely affected our financial performance, and may
incur similar delays in the future, which would adversely affect our revenue and earnings.
If we cannot retain, attract and motivate key personnel, we may be unable to
effectively implement our business plan. Our success also depends in large part upon our
ability to retain, attract and motivate highly skilled management, technical, marketing,
sales and service personnel. The loss of and failure to replace key engineering management
and personnel could adversely affect multiple development efforts. Turnover of our research
and development personnel was higher than normal in 2005 due to programmatic decisions and
aggressive hiring pressure from competitors and other high technology companies, resulting
in increased risks to our ability to complete product development projects on schedule. We
face staffing shortages and high workloads in many key areas, including hardware and
software engineering, sales leadership, field services, marketing, finance and legal. We
need to develop and implement succession plans for key personnel, some of whom are
approaching retirement age.
Recruitment and retention of senior management and skilled technical, sales and other
personnel talent is very competitive, and we may not be successful in either attracting or
retaining such personnel. As part of our strategy to attract and retain personnel, we offer
equity compensation through stock options and restricted stock grants. However, given the
fluctuations of the market price of our common stock and questions about our long-term
success, potential employees may not perceive our equity incentives as attractive, and
current employees who have significant options with exercise prices significantly above
current market values for our common stock may choose not to remain employed by us. In
addition, due to the intense competition for qualified employees, we may be required to
increase the level of compensation paid to existing and new employees, which could
materially increase our operating expenses.
To be successful we need to establish the value of our high-bandwidth sustained
performance systems, increase differentiation of our massively parallel commodity processor
products and reduce doubts about our long-term viability. We are a comparatively small
company dedicated solely to the supercomputing market. We have concentrated our product
roadmap on building balanced systems combining highly capable processors with very high
speed interconnect and communications capabilities throughout the entire computing system.
We achieve performance differentiation from our competitors through our custom processors in
our vector-based and multithreading products, although the markets for those products may be
limited in size. We need to establish greater performance differentiation from our
competitors in our Cray XT3 and successor massively parallel products in order to command
higher margins. The market for such products is much larger but is replete with
low-bandwidth systems and off-the-shelf, commodity-based cluster systems offered by larger
competitors with significant resources and smaller companies with minimal research and
development expenditures. Many customers are able to meet their computing needs through the
use of such systems, and are willing to accept lower capability and less accurate modeling
in return for lower acquisition costs. Vendors of such systems, because they can offer high
peak performance per dollar, often put pricing pressure on us in competitive procurements.
In addition, even when we have the best technical solution, our financial losses in 2004,
2005 and for the first half of 2006 may raise questions with our customers and potential
customers about our long-term viability. Our long-term success may be adversely affected if
we are not successful in establishing the value of our balanced high-bandwidth systems with
the capability of solving challenging problems quickly to a market beyond our core of
customers, largely certain agencies of the U.S. and other governments, that require systems
with the performance and features we offer.
28
If the U.S. government purchases fewer supercomputers, our revenue would be reduced and
our earnings would be adversely affected. Historically, sales to the U.S. government and
customers primarily serving the U.S. government have represented a significant market for
supercomputers, including our products. From January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2002,
approximately $101 million of our product revenue was derived from sales to various agencies
of the U.S. government; in 2003 and 2004, approximately $145 million and $78 million,
respectively, of our product revenue was derived from such sales. In 2005, approximately $84
million of our product revenue was derived from U.S. government sales, and in the first half
of 2006, approximately $41.1 million of our product revenue was derived from U.S. government
sales. Our 2006 plan is based on significant sales to U.S. government agencies,
particularly of Cray XT3 and successor systems. Sales to government agencies may be affected
by factors outside our control, such as changes in procurement policies, budget
considerations, domestic crisis, and international political developments. If agencies and
departments of the United States or other governments were to stop, reduce or delay their
use and purchases of supercomputers, our revenue and earnings would be reduced, which could
lead to reduced profitability or losses.
If we lose government support for development of our supercomputer systems, our
research and development expenditures and capital requirements would increase and our
ability to conduct research and development would decrease. A few government agencies and
research laboratories fund a significant portion of our development efforts, including our
vector and multithreaded products, which significantly reduces our reported level of net
research and development expenses. To date, our development contracts for our BlackWidow and
Eldorado projects are not funded fully. Agencies of the U.S. government historically have
facilitated the development of, and have constituted a market for, new and enhanced very
high performance computer systems. U.S. government agencies may delay or decrease funding of
our future product development efforts due to a change of priorities, international
political developments, overall budgetary considerations or for any other reason. Any delay
or decrease in other governmental support would cause an increased need for capital,
increase significantly our research and development expenditures and adversely impact our
profitability and our ability to implement our product roadmap.
Lower than anticipated sales of new supercomputers and the termination of maintenance
contracts on older and/or decommissioned systems would further reduce our service revenue
and margins from maintenance service contracts. High performance computer systems are
typically sold with maintenance service contracts. These contracts generally are for annual
periods, although some are for multi-year periods, and provide a predictable revenue base.
Our revenue from maintenance service contracts has declined from approximately $95 million
in 2000 to approximately $42 million in 2005. While we expect our maintenance service
revenue to stabilize over the next year, we may have periodic revenue and margin declines as
our older, higher margin service contracts are ended and newer, lower margin contracts are
established, based on the timing of system withdrawals from service. Adding service
personnel to new locations when we win contracts where we have previously had no presence
and servicing installed products if we discover defective components in the field create
additional pressure on service margins.
If we are unable to compete successfully in the high performance computer market, our
revenue will decline. The performance of our products may not be competitive with the
computer systems offered by our competitors. Many of our competitors are established
companies well known in the high performance computing market, including IBM, NEC,
Hewlett-Packard, SGI, Dell, Bull S.A. and Sun Microsystems. Most of these competitors have
substantially greater research, engineering, manufacturing, marketing and financial
resources than we do.
We also compete with systems builders and resellers of systems that are constructed
from commodity components using microprocessors manufactured by Intel, AMD, IBM and others.
These competitors include the previously named companies as well as smaller firms, such as
Linux Networx, Inc. and Verari Systems, that benefit from the low research and development
costs needed to assemble systems from commercially available commodity products. These
companies have capitalized on developments in parallel processing and increased computer
performance in commodity-based networking and cluster systems. While these companies
products are more limited in applicability and scalability, they have achieved growing
market acceptance. They offer significant performance and price/peak performance on smaller
problems and on larger problems lacking complexity, which is a part of the growing capacity
computing marketplace (as opposed to the capability marketplace that is our focus).
29
Such companies, because they can offer high peak performance per dollar, often put
pricing pressure on us in competitive procurements. In addition, to the extent that Intel,
IBM and other microprocessor suppliers develop processors with greater capabilities than the
processors we use from AMD, our Cray XT3 systems, including upgrades and successor products,
may be at a competitive disadvantage to systems utilizing such other processors.
Internationally we compete primarily with IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Sun Microsystems, SGI
and NEC. While the first four companies offer large systems based on commodity processors,
NEC also offers vector-based systems with a large suite of ported application programs. We
have non-exclusive rights to market NEC vector processing supercomputers throughout the
world. As in the United States, commodity high performance computing suppliers like Dell,
Linux Networx and Bull, offer systems with significantly better price/peak performance.
Periodic announcements by our competitors of new high performance computer systems (or
plans for future systems) and price adjustments may reduce customer demand for our products.
Many of our potential customers already own or lease very high performance computer systems.
Some of our competitors offer trade-in allowances or substantial discounts to potential
customers, and engage in other aggressive pricing tactics, and we have not always been able
to match these sales incentives. We have in the past and may again be required to provide
substantial discounts to make strategic sales, which may reduce or eliminate any positive
margin on such transactions, or to provide lease financing for our products, which would
result in a deferral of our receipt of cash for these systems. These developments limit our
revenue and resources and reduce our ability to be profitable.
Our market is characterized by rapidly changing technology, accelerated product
obsolescence and continuously evolving industry standards. Our success depends upon our
ability to sell our current products, and to develop successor systems and enhancements in a
timely manner to meet evolving customer requirements, which may be influenced by competitive
offerings. We may not succeed in these efforts. Even if we succeed, products or technologies
developed by others may render our products or technologies noncompetitive or obsolete. A
breakthrough in technology could make low-bandwidth and cluster systems even more attractive
to our existing and potential customers. Such a breakthrough would impair our ability to
sell our products and reduce our revenue and earnings.
We were not successful in completing the Red Storm project on time and on budget, which
adversely affected our 2004 and 2005 earnings and could adversely affect our future earnings
and financial condition. Falling behind schedule and incurring cost overruns on the Red
Storm project adversely affected our cash flow and earnings in 2004 and 2005, and we
recognized an estimated loss of $7.6 million in 2004 and recognized additional losses of
$7.7 million in 2005 on that project. It is possible that we may have additional losses on
the Red Storm contract in 2006. Although we have made considerable progress on the Red Storm
project, achieved a series of critical milestones, and clarified the path to system
acceptance, failure to complete the Red Storm system or to receive full payment for the Red
Storm system would result in the recognition of additional losses, and if severe enough,
could result in a contract default or termination. Such delays, default declaration and/or
termination could materially adversely affect other transactions with other U.S. government
agencies, our 2006 results and our financial condition.
We may not meet the covenants imposed by our current credit agreement. We are subject
to various financial and other covenants related to our line of credit with Wells Fargo
Foothill, Inc. If we were to fail to satisfy any of the covenants, we could be subject to
fees and/or the possible termination of the credit facility. We failed to meet a covenant
with regard to minimum EBITDA for 2005, which was waived by Wells Fargo Foothill, Inc.
Termination of our credit facility would have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.
New European environmental rules may adversely affect our operations. In 2006 members
of the European Union (EU) and certain other European countries will implement the
Restrictions on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, which prohibits or limits the use in
electrical and electronic equipment of the following substances: lead, mercury, cadmium,
hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. After
July 1, 2006, a U.S. company shipping products that do not comply with RoHS to the EU or
such other European countries could have its products detained and could be subject to
penalties. We have decided not to ship any Cray X1E or Cray XD1 systems to Europe after
July 1, 2006, due to these restrictions, and we are working with our suppliers to assure
RoHS compliance with respect to our other products. We expect to be RoHS-compliant with our
upgraded Cray XT3 system scheduled for shipment in the fourth quarter of 2006. If a
regulatory authority
30
determines that one of our products is not RoHS-compliant, we will have to redesign and
re-qualify certain components to meet RoHS requirements, may face increased engineering
expenses in this process, and could face shipment delays, penalties and possible product
detentions or seizures.
A separate EU Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) was
scheduled to become effective in August 2005, but many EU member states have delayed its
implementation. Under the WEEE Directive, companies that put electrical and electronic
equipment on the EU market must register with individual member states, mark their products,
submit annual reports, provide recyclers with information about product recycling, and
either recycle their products or participate in or fund mandatory recycling schemes. In
addition, some EU member states require recycling fees to be paid in advance to ensure funds
are available for product recycling at the end of the products useful life or
de-installation. We have begun to mark our products as required by the WEEE Directive and
are registering with those EU member states where our products are sold. Each EU member
state is responsible for implementing the WEEE Directive and some member states have not yet
established WEEE registrars or established or endorsed the recycling schemes required by the
WEEE Directive. We are actively monitoring implementation of the WEEE Directive by the
member states. Compliance with the WEEE Directive could increase our costs and any failure
to comply with the WEEE Directive could lead to monetary penalties.
Federal class action and derivative lawsuits were recently dismissed without prejudice,
a state court derivative action is pending and additional lawsuits may be filed. We and
certain of our former and current officers and directors were named as defendants in a
consolidated class action lawsuit in federal district court for the Western District of
Washington alleging certain violations of the federal securities laws. A consolidated
derivative action purporting to be brought on our behalf against certain of our former and
current officers and directors was filed in the same federal district court. On April 27,
2006, the federal district court dismissed both actions, principally without prejudice, and
granted the plaintiffs 120 days to amend the consolidated class action complaint. A similar
consolidated derivative action is pending in a state court in King County, Washington.
Defendants motions to dismiss this action are pending. See Item 1. Legal Proceedings
above for a description of this litigation. If an amended complaint
were filed in the federal
class action, an adverse result could have a material negative financial impact on us.
Additional lawsuits may be filed against us. Regardless of the outcome, it is likely that
such actions would cause a diversion of our managements time, resources and attention, and
the expense of defending the litigation could be costly.
The adoption of FAS 123R will lower our earnings and may adversely affect the market
price of our common stock. We have used share-based compensation, primarily stock options
and an employee stock purchase plan, as a key component in our employee compensation. We
previously granted stock options to each new employee and to all employees on an annual
basis. We believe we have structured these programs to align the incentives for employees
with those of our long-term shareholders. We are reviewing our share-based compensation
programs and their structure in light of the imposition of FAS 123R that became effective
for us on January 1, 2006. In previous years, as we have reported in the notes to our
financial statements, our stock option program, as currently structured, would add
approximately $7 million to $26 million of additional non-cash expense annually and
consequently would reduce our operating results by that amount. These estimates are based on
use of the Black-Scholes valuation method. We recorded approximately $1.0 million as
non-cash compensation expense in the first half of 2006 for stock options and unvested stock
grants. In the first half of 2005, we accelerated the vesting of our outstanding employee
stock options with a per share exercise price of $5.88 or higher, resulting in the complete
vesting of almost all of our then outstanding options, and we granted new stock options that
vested on or before December 31, 2005, in part to minimize this expense, at least in the
short-term. We recently have granted some stock options to certain new employees with
four-year vesting periods and have issued restricted stock grants to certain employees and
officers, which will be recorded as an expense over the requisite service period. We do not
know how analysts and investors will react to the additional expense recorded in our
statement of operations rather than in the footnotes, which may adversely affect the market
price of our common stock.
While we determined that we have adequate internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2005, as of the end of each subsequent fiscal year we are required to
evaluate our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and any adverse results from such future evaluations could result
in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and have an adverse effect on our
stock price. Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, beginning with our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, we are required to furnish a report by our management
on our internal control over
31
financial reporting. Such report must contain, among other items, an assessment of the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal
year, including a statement as to whether or not our internal control over financial
reporting is effective. This assessment must include disclosure of any material weaknesses
in our internal control over financial reporting identified by management. Such report must
also contain a statement that our independent registered public accounting firm has issued
an attestation report on managements assessment of such internal control. In our amended
2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K/A, we identified and described a number of material
weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, which required our assessment
that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective, and our independent
registered public accounting firm disclaimed an opinion with respect to our managements
assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004.
We implemented remediation plans to address the identified material weaknesses, and our
management concluded, as set forth under Item 9A. Controls and Procedures in our Annual
Report on Form 10-K for 2005, that our internal control over financial reporting was
effective as of December 31, 2005, and we received a favorable opinion from our independent
registered public accounting firm with respect to our managements assessment, also as set
forth under that Item 9A. However, each reporting period we must continue to monitor and
assess our internal control over financial reporting and determine whether we have any
material weaknesses. Depending on their nature and severity, any future material weaknesses
could result in our having to restate financial statements, could make it difficult or
impossible for us to obtain an audit of our annual financial statements or could result in a
qualification of any such audit. In such events, we could experience a number of adverse
consequences, including our inability to comply with applicable reporting and listing
requirements, a loss of market confidence in our publicly available information, delisting
from Nasdaq, loss of financing sources such as our line of credit, and litigation based on
the events themselves or their consequences.
U.S. export controls could hinder our ability to make sales to foreign customers and
our future prospects. The U.S. government regulates the export of high performance computer
systems such as our products. Occasionally we have experienced delays in receiving
appropriate approvals necessary for certain sales, which have delayed the shipment of our
products. Delay or denial in the granting of any required licenses could make it more
difficult to make sales to foreign customers, eliminating an important source of potential
revenue.
We incorporate software licensed from third parties into the operating systems for our
products and any significant interruption in the availability of these third-party software
products or defects in these products could reduce the demand for our products. The
operating system software we develop for our high performance computer systems contains
components that are licensed to us under open source software licenses. Our business could
be disrupted if this software, or functional equivalents of this software, were either no
longer available to us or no longer offered to us on commercially reasonable terms. In
either case we would be required to redesign our operating system software to function with
alternate third-party software, or develop these components ourselves, which would result in
increased costs and could result in delays in product shipments. Furthermore, we might be
forced to limit the features available in our current or future operating system software
offerings. Our Cray XT3 and successor systems utilize software system variants that
incorporate Linux technology. The SCO Group, Inc. has filed and threatened to file lawsuits
against companies that operate Linux for commercial purposes, alleging that such use of
Linux infringes The SCO Groups rights. It is possible that The SCO Group could assert a
claim of infringement against us with respect to our use of Linux technology. The open
source licenses under which we have obtained certain components of our operating system
software may not be enforceable. Any ruling by a court that these licenses are not
enforceable, or that Linux-based operating systems, or significant portions of them, may not
be copied, modified or distributed as provided in those licenses, would adversely affect our
ability to sell our systems. In addition, as a result of concerns about The SCO Groups
lawsuit and open source generally, we may be forced to protect our customers from potential
claims of infringement by The SCO Group or other parties. In any such event, our financial
condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We also incorporate proprietary software from third parties, such as for file systems,
job scheduling and storage subsystems. We have experienced some functional issues in the
past with implementing such software with our supercomputer systems. These issues, if
repeated, may result in additional expense by us in integrating this software more fully
and/or loss of customer confidence.
32
We have recently formed a new senior management team that must work together
effectively for us to be successful. In 2005 we revamped our senior management team,
obtaining the services of Margaret A. Williams as Senior Vice President responsible for
research and development, Brian C. Henry as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer, Jan C. Silverman as Senior Vice President responsible for corporate strategy and
business development and Steven L. Scott as Senior Vice President and Chief Technology
Officer, and Peter J. Ungaro was elevated to Chief Executive Officer. We also added a new
vice president/corporate controller and a new vice president responsible for human
resources. Additional changes to our senior management team, and the integration of new
senior executives, could result in some disruption to our business while these new
executives become familiar with our business culture and model and establish their
management systems. If our new management team, including any additional senior executives
who join us in the future, is unable to work together effectively to implement our
strategies, manage our operations and accomplish our business objectives, our ability to
grow our business and successfully meet operational challenges could be severely impaired.
The loss of any key senior management could have a significant impact on our efforts to
improve operating results.
We may infringe or be subject to claims that we infringe the intellectual property
rights of others. Third parties may assert intellectual property infringement claims against
us, and such claims, if proved, could require us to pay substantial damages or to redesign
our existing products. Regardless of the merits, any claim of infringement requires
management attention and causes us to incur significant expense to defend.
We may not be able to protect our proprietary information and rights adequately. We
rely on a combination of patent, copyright and trade secret protection, nondisclosure
agreements and licensing arrangements to establish, protect and enforce our proprietary
information and rights. We have a number of patents and have additional applications
pending. There can be no assurance, however, that patents will be issued from the pending
applications or that any issued patents will protect adequately those aspects of our
technology to which such patents will relate. Despite our efforts to safeguard and maintain
our proprietary rights, we cannot be certain that we will succeed in doing so or that our
competitors will not independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially
equivalent or superior to our technologies. The laws of some countries do not protect
intellectual property rights to the same extent or in the same manner as do the laws of the
United States. Although we continue to implement protective measures and intend to defend
our proprietary rights vigorously, these efforts may not be successful.
Risk Factors Pertaining to our Notes and Our Common Stock
Our indebtedness may adversely affect our financial strength. With the sale of the
Notes, we incurred $80.0 million of indebtedness. As of June 30, 2006, we had no other
outstanding indebtedness for money borrowed and no material equipment lease obligations. We
have a $30.0 million secured credit facility which supports the issuance of letters of
credit and forward currency contracts. As of June 30, 2006, we had approximately $28.5
million available for potential borrowing under this credit facility. The senior secured
credit facility constitutes senior indebtedness with respect to the Notes. We may incur
additional indebtedness for money borrowed, which may include borrowing under new credit
facilities or the issuance of new debt securities. The level of our indebtedness could,
among other things:
make it difficult or impossible for us to make payments on the Notes;
increase our vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions, including recessions;
require us to use cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, thereby
reducing our ability to fund working capital, capital expenditures, research and
development efforts and other expenses;
limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the
industry in which we operate;
place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to competitors that have less indebtedness; and
limit our ability to borrow additional funds that may be needed to operate and expand our business.
33
Our existing and any future credit facilities may adversely affect our ability to make
payments under the Notes.
We will require a significant amount of cash to service our indebtedness and to fund
planned capital expenditures, research and development efforts and other corporate expenses.
There are no covenants in the indenture for the Notes restricting our ability or the
ability of our subsidiaries to incur future indebtedness or restricting the terms of any
such indebtedness.
The Notes are subordinated in right of payment to our existing and future senior
indebtedness.
The Notes are effectively subordinated to our secured indebtedness and are structurally
subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our current and future
subsidiaries. The Notes are general unsecured obligations and are effectively subordinated
to our current and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the assets securing the
indebtedness. The indenture for the Notes does not limit our ability to incur secured
indebtedness. In the event of bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization or upon acceleration
of our secured indebtedness and in certain other events, our assets pledged in support of
secured indebtedness will not be available to pay our obligations under the Notes. As a
result, we may not have sufficient assets to pay amounts due on any or all of the Notes.
In addition, the Notes are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other
liabilities of our current and future subsidiaries. Note holders do not have any claim as a
creditor against our subsidiaries, and indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade
payables, of our subsidiaries effectively are senior to Note holders claims against our
subsidiaries. The indenture for the Notes does not limit the ability of our subsidiaries to
incur indebtedness or other liabilities. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or
reorganization of any of our subsidiaries, holders of their indebtedness and their trade
creditors will generally be entitled to payment on their claims from assets of that
subsidiary before any assets are made available for distribution to our direct creditors.
As of June 30, 2006, our subsidiaries had indebtedness and other outstanding liabilities of
approximately $6.9 million.
We and one of our subsidiaries, Cray Federal Inc., are obligated for all indebtedness
under our senior secured credit agreement with Wells Fargo Foothill, Inc., and that
agreement is secured by all of our assets and those of Cray Federal Inc. and by pledges of
the stock of our subsidiaries, and is supported by guaranties by certain of our
subsidiaries.
In certain circumstances, holders of senior debt can require us to suspend or defer
cash payments due in respect of the Notes.
Unless a condition to conversion is met prior to the maturity of the Notes, the Notes
will not be convertible at any time.
Upon conversion of the Notes, we may pay cash or a combination of cash and shares of
our common stock in lieu of issuing shares of our common stock. Therefore, Note holders may
receive no shares of our common stock or fewer shares than the number into which their Notes
are convertible.
If a principal conversion settlement election is made, we may not have sufficient funds
to pay the cash settlement upon conversion.
The conversion rate of the Notes may not be adjusted for all dilutive events, including
third-party tender or exchange offers, that may adversely affect the trading price of the
Notes or our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes.
If we pay cash dividends on our common stock, Note holders may be deemed to have
received a taxable dividend without the receipt of cash.
34
If we elect to settle upon conversion in cash or a combination of cash and shares of
common stock, there will be a delay in settlement.
Some significant corporate transactions may not constitute a fundamental change, in
which case we would not be obligated to offer to repurchase the Notes.
Our Notes may not be rated or may receive a lower rating than investors anticipate,
which could cause a decline in the trading volume and market price of the Notes and our
common stock.
We may not have the funds necessary to purchase the Notes upon a fundamental change or
other purchase date and our ability to purchase the Notes in such events may be limited.
The make whole premium payable on Notes that are converted in connection with certain
fundamental changes may not adequately compensate Note holders for the lost option time
value of the Notes as a result of that fundamental change.
There are restrictions on the Note holders ability to transfer or resell the Notes
without registration under applicable securities laws, and if we fail to fulfill our
obligations to keep effective the registration statement covering the resale of the Notes,
we will be required to pay additional interest on the Notes affected by that failure and to
issue additional shares of common stock on Notes converted during such failure and satisfied
by us in common stock.
There is no active market for the Notes and if an active trading market does not
develop for these Notes, the holders of the Notes may be unable to resell them.
Our stock price is volatile.
A substantial number of our shares are eligible for future sale and may depress the
market price of our common stock and may hinder our ability to obtain additional financing.
As of June 30, 2006, we had outstanding:
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23,041,752 shares of common stock; |
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|
warrants to purchase 1,408,381 shares of common stock; |
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stock options to purchase an aggregate of 3,616,726 shares of common stock, of which
3,582,979 options were then exercisable; and |
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Notes convertible into a maximum of 5,698,006 shares of common stock. |
Almost all of our outstanding shares of common stock may be sold without substantial
restrictions, with certain exceptions including 537,443 shares held by
board members, executive officers and key managers that may be forfeited and are restricted against
transfer until vested. Almost all of the shares of common stock that may be issued on
exercise of the warrants and options will be available for sale in the public market when
issued, subject in some cases to volume and other limitations. The warrants outstanding at
June 30, 2006 consisted of warrants to purchase 73,529 shares of common stock, with an
exercise price of $18.00 per share, expiring on September 3, 2006, warrants to purchase
50,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $6.60 per share, expiring on May 30, 2009, and warrants to purchase 1,284,852 shares of common stock, with an exercise price
of $10.12 per share, expiring on June 21, 2009. The Notes are not now convertible, and only
become convertible upon the occurrence of certain events. We have registered the resale of
the Notes and of the underlying common stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
which facilitates transferability of those securities. Sales in the public market of
substantial amounts of our common stock, including sales of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of warrants, options and Notes, may depress prevailing market prices for the common
stock. Even the perception that sales could occur may impact market prices adversely. The
existence of outstanding warrants, options and Notes may prove to be a hindrance to our
future financings. Further, the holders of warrants, options and Notes may exercise or
convert them for shares of common stock at a time when we would otherwise be able to obtain
additional equity capital on terms more favorable to us. Such factors could impair our
ability to meet our capital needs. We also have authorized 5,000,000 shares of undesignated
preferred stock, although no shares are currently outstanding.
35
Provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws could make a proposed
acquisition that is not approved by our Board of Directors more difficult.
We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends on our common stock.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Our annual meeting of shareholders was held on June 6, 2006. At the annual meeting, the
following actions occurred (the following numbers of shares are reported on a pre-reverse
stock split basis):
1. The following individuals were re-elected as directors for terms expiring in 2007:
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Name |
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Votes For |
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% For |
|
Withheld |
|
% Withheld |
John B. Jones, Jr. |
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72,902,004 |
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95.83 |
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3,169,391 |
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4.17 |
|
Kenneth W. Kennedy, Jr. |
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72,873,115 |
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95.80 |
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3,198,280 |
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4.20 |
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Stephen C. Kiely |
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72,946,866 |
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95.89 |
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3,124,529 |
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4.11 |
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Frank L. Lederman |
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72,917,601 |
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95.85 |
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3,153,794 |
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4.15 |
|
Sally G. Narodick |
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|
73,212,375 |
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|
96.24 |
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2,859,020 |
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|
3.76 |
|
Daniel C. Regis |
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73,180,784 |
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96.20 |
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2,890,611 |
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3.80 |
|
Stephen C. Richards |
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72,848,067 |
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95.76 |
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3,223,328 |
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4.24 |
|
Peter J. Ungaro |
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73,208,681 |
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96.24 |
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2,862,714 |
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3.76 |
|
2. A proposal to approve an amendment to our Restated Articles of Incorporation to
effect a one-for-four reverse stock split of all outstanding and authorized shares of our
common stock was approved by the shareholders, with 69,591,597 shares voting in favor
(75.85%), 6,290,698 shares voting against (6.86%), 189,100 shares (0.21%) abstaining and
15,678,904 broker non-votes (17.08%).
3. A proposal to approve an amendment to our Restated Articles of Incorporation to
increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 150,000,000 to 300,000,000
shares (on a pre-split basis) was approved by the shareholders, with 68,469,229 shares
voting in favor (74.63%), 7,216,514 shares voting against (7.87%), 385,652 shares abstaining
(0.42%) and 15,678,904 broker non-votes (17.08%).
4. A proposal to approve our 2006 Long-Term Equity Compensation Plan was approved by
the shareholders, with 29,895,047 shares voting in favor (79.34%) and 7,786,286 shares
voting against (20.66%), with 893,135 shares abstaining and 53,175,831 broker non-votes.
36
Item 5. Other Information
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
Set forth below is information concerning our ratio of earnings to fixed charges on a
consolidated basis for the periods indicated. This ratio shows the extent to which our
business generates enough earnings after the payment of all expenses other than interest to
make the required interest payments on our 3.0% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due
2024.
The ratio of earnings to fixed charges is computed by dividing earnings by fixed
charges. For purposes of computing the ratios of earnings to fixed charges, earnings
consist of net income or loss plus provision (benefit) for income taxes and fixed charges.
Fixed charges consist of interest expense plus the portion of operating rental expense
management believes represents the interest component of rent expense (estimated at 5%).
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Six Months |
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Ended |
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Year Ended December 31, |
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June 30, |
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2001 |
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2002 |
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2003 |
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2004 |
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2005 |
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2006 |
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|
(In thousands, except for ratios) |
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Fixed Charges: |
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|
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Interest expense |
|
$ |
1,976 |
|
|
$ |
2,965 |
|
|
$ |
213 |
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|
$ |
301 |
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|
$ |
4,203 |
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|
$ |
2,163 |
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Portion of rental expense deemed to represent
interest |
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
209 |
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|
|
207 |
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|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
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|
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Total fixed charges |
|
$ |
2,142 |
|
|
$ |
3,150 |
|
|
$ |
408 |
|
|
$ |
510 |
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|
$ |
4,410 |
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|
$ |
2,253 |
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Earnings: |
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|
|
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|
|
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Net income (loss) |
|
$ |
(35,228 |
) |
|
$ |
5,403 |
|
|
$ |
63,248 |
|
|
$ |
(207,358 |
) |
|
$ |
(64,308 |
) |
|
$ |
(12,478 |
) |
|
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|
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|
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|
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Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
994 |
|
|
|
2,176 |
|
|
|
(42,207 |
) |
|
|
59,092 |
|
|
|
(1,488 |
) |
|
|
481 |
|
Fixed charges |
|
|
2,142 |
|
|
|
3,150 |
|
|
|
408 |
|
|
|
510 |
|
|
|
4,410 |
|
|
|
2,253 |
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|
Total earnings (loss) for computation of ratio |
|
$ |
(32,092 |
) |
|
$ |
10,729 |
|
|
$ |
21,449 |
|
|
$ |
(147,756 |
) |
|
$ |
(61,386 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,744 |
) |
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|
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
52.6 |
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(1) |
|
The pretax net loss for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2004 and 2005, and the
six months ended June 30, 2006, was not sufficient to cover fixed charges by
approximately $34.2 million, $148.3 million, $65.8 million and $12.0 million,
respectively. As a result, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges has not been
computed for these periods. |
Item 6. Exhibits
3.1 |
|
Restated Articles of Incorporation of Cray Inc., as in effect on June 8, 2006
(1) |
|
3.2 |
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Cray Inc., as amended through June 7, 2006 (1) |
|
10.1 |
|
Amendment Number Three to Senior Secured Credit Agreement, dated as of July 12,
2006, between Wells Fargo Foothill, Inc., Cray Inc. and Cray Federal Inc. |
|
10.2 |
|
Form of Director Restricted Stock Agreement (1) |
|
10.3 |
|
2006 Long-Term Equity Compensation Plan (2) |
|
10.4 |
|
2006 Bonus Plan for Cray Inc. executives and other officers (3) |
|
12.1 |
|
Statement of Computation of Ratios |
|
31.1 |
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
37
31.2 |
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
32.1 |
|
Certificate pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed
with the Commission June 8, 2006 |
|
(2) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the Companys definitive Proxy Statement for the
2006 Annual Meeting, as filed with the Commission on April 28, 2006 |
|
(3) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed
with the Commission May 4, 2006 |
Items 2 and 3 of Part II are not applicable and have been omitted.
38
SIGNATURES
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly
authorized.
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CRAY INC. |
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August 8, 2006
|
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/s/ PETER J. UNGARO
Peter J. Ungaro
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Chief Executive Officer and President |
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|
/s/ BRIAN C. HENRY |
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Brian C. Henry |
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|
Chief Financial Officer |
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|
/s/ KENNETH D. ROSELLI |
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Kenneth D. Roselli |
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Chief Accounting Officer |
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39