UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
ý | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended April 2, 2016
or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 000-08822
Cavco Industries, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 56-2405642 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1001 North Central Avenue, Suite 800 Phoenix, Arizona 85004 | |
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) | |
602-256-6263
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common Stock, par value $0.01 | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Global Select Market) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No ý
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this Chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a small reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ý |
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of September 26, 2015 (based on the closing price on the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC on September 26, 2015) was $204,396,647. Shares of Common Stock held by each officer, director and holder of 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
As of June 10, 2016, 8,939,053 shares of Registrant’s Common Stock, $.01 par value, were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of Cavco Industries, Inc.’s Definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED APRIL 2, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | |
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PART I
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Cavco Industries, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed on June 30, 2003 as a successor corporation to previous Cavco entities operating since 1965. Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, the Company designs and produces factory-built homes primarily distributed through a network of independent and Company-owned retailers, planned community operators and residential developers. We are the second largest producer of manufactured homes in the United States, based on reported wholesale shipments, marketed under a variety of brand names, which include Cavco Homes, Fleetwood Homes, Palm Harbor Homes, Fairmont Homes and Chariot Eagle. The Company is also a leading builder of park model RVs, vacation cabins and systems-built commercial structures, as well as modular homes built primarily under the Nationwide Homes brand. Our mortgage subsidiary, CountryPlace Acceptance Corp. ("CountryPlace"), is an approved Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac seller/servicer, a Ginnie Mae mortgage backed securities issuer and offers conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages and chattel loans to purchasers of factory-built and site-built homes. Our insurance subsidiary, Standard Casualty Co. ("Standard Casualty"), provides property and casualty insurance to owners of manufactured homes. The terms "Cavco," "us," "we," "our," the "Company," and any other similar terms refer to Cavco Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report").
We construct our homes using an assembly-line process in which each module or floor section is assembled in stages. Our assembly-line process is designed to be flexible enough to accommodate significant customization, as requested by our customers. The Company operates 19 homebuilding facilities located in the Pacific, Mountain, Midwest, South Central and South Atlantic regions. These factories range in size from 41,000 to 341,000 square feet.
We distribute our homes through 45 Company-owned U.S. retail outlets and a network of independent distribution points in 44 states, Canada, Japan and Mexico. A significant number of these independent distribution points are located in Arizona, California, Florida, Texas, Oregon and Kentucky. Thirty-two of our Company-owned retail stores are located in Texas. See "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Industry and Company Outlook."
CountryPlace originates single-family residential mortgages and chattel loans, and services, for itself and others, conforming mortgages, non-conforming land-home mortgages and manufactured home chattel loans. CountryPlace is authorized by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") to directly endorse Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") Title I and Title II mortgage insurance, is an approved lender with the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs ("VA") and the U.S. Department of Agriculture ("USDA") under its Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program, is approved by the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA" or "Ginnie Mae") to issue GNMA-insured mortgage-backed securities and is authorized to sell mortgages to, and service mortgages for, the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA" or "Fannie Mae") and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC" or "Freddie Mac"). A conforming mortgage or loan is one that conforms to the guidelines of a Government-Sponsored Enterprise ("GSE"), such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or a government agency, such as FHA; a non-conforming mortgage or loan does not conform to these guidelines (see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Standard Casualty is domiciled in Texas and is primarily a specialty writer of manufactured home physical damage insurance. Standard Casualty holds insurance licenses in multiple states; however, a significant portion of its writings occur in Texas and Arizona. In addition to writing direct policies, Standard Casualty assumes and cedes reinsurance in the ordinary course of business (see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
See Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for financial information regarding our business segments (factory-built housing and financial services), both of which are discussed below.
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Industry Overview
General. Manufactured housing provides an alternative in urban, suburban and rural areas to other forms of new low-cost housing such as site-built housing and condominiums, and to existing housing such as pre-owned homes and apartments. According to statistics published by the Institute for Building Technology and Safety ("IBTS") and the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, for the 2015 calendar year, manufactured housing wholesale shipments of homes constructed in accordance with the National Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards promulgated by HUD ("HUD code") accounted for an estimated 12.3% of all new single-family homes sold.
According to data reported by the Manufactured Housing Institute ("MHI"), during calendar year 2015, our industry shipped approximately 71,000 HUD code manufactured homes. This followed approximately 64,000 homes shipped in 2014, 60,000 in 2013, 55,000 in 2012 and 52,000 shipped in calendar year 2011, the lowest levels since shipment statistics began to be recorded in 1959. Annual home shipments from 2006 to 2015 were less than the annual home shipments for each of the 40 years from 1963 to 2005. For the past 10 and 20-year periods, annual home shipments averaged 70,000 and 158,000, respectively. While industry HUD code manufactured home shipments improved modestly during the three most recent years, the manufactured housing industry continues to operate at relatively low levels compared to historical shipment statistics.
We believe the segment of the housing market in which manufactured housing is most competitive includes consumers with household incomes under $60,000. This segment has a high representation of young single persons and young married couples, as well as persons age 55 and older. The comparatively low cost of fully-equipped manufactured housing is attractive to these consumers. Persons in rural areas and those who presently live in manufactured homes also make up a significant portion of the demand for new manufactured housing. Innovative engineering and design, as well as efficient production techniques, continue to position manufactured homes to meet the demand for affordable housing in markets such as rural areas and manufactured housing communities. The markets for affordable factory-built housing are very competitive as well as cyclical and seasonal. The industry is sensitive to employment levels, consumer confidence, availability of financing and general economic conditions.
Protracted Industry Downturn. Since mid-1999, the manufactured housing industry has experienced a prolonged and significant downturn. This downturn has resulted in part from the fact that, beginning in 1999, consumer lenders in the sector began to tighten underwriting standards and curtail credit availability in response to higher than anticipated rates of loan defaults and significant losses upon the repossession and resale of the manufactured homes securing defaulted loans. From 2004 to 2007, the industry’s downturn was exacerbated by the aggressive financing methods available to customers of developers and marketers of standard site-built homes, which had the effect of diverting potential manufactured housing buyers to more expensive site-built homes. Since 2008, the global credit crisis and general deterioration of economic conditions have extended the depressed market conditions in which our industry operates. These factors have resulted in low wholesale shipment levels and underutilized manufacturing and retail locations.
As a result of the foregoing factors, and based on industry data as of the end of 2015, the number of active industry manufacturing facilities was 121, a decrease of 202 facilities since the end of 1999, representing a 63% reduction. Weak industry conditions have adversely affected the results of operations of all of the major producers of manufactured homes, including our Company.
Business Strategies
Our marketing strategy is to offer a line of manufactured homes that appeal to a wide range of home buyers. Our principal focus is on two large and diverse markets, which include the sale of high-value homes to entry-level and move-up buyers and to persons age 55 and older. We also market to special niches such as subdivision developers and vacation home buyers.
Our production strategy is to develop and maintain the resources necessary to build to varied and unique customer specifications in an efficient factory production environment. This enables us to attract retailers and consumers who want the flexibility to build homes to meet their specific needs, but still seek the value created by building a home on a factory production line.
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Our competitive strategy is to build homes of superior quality, offer innovative designs and floor plans, demonstrate exceptional value and provide the engineering and technical resources to enable custom home building and be responsive and efficient in servicing the customer after the sale. We strive to maintain a competitive advantage by reacting quickly to changes in the marketplace and to the specific needs of our retailers and consumers.
The purchase of the Fleetwood Homes, Inc. ("Fleetwood") and Palm Harbor Homes, Inc. ("Palm Harbor") assets in August 2009 and April 2011, respectively, provided further operating capacity, increased home production capabilities and distribution and entry into financial and insurance businesses specific to the Company’s industry, allowing the Company to be vertically integrated. The transactions further expanded the Company’s geographic reach at a national level by adding factories and retail locations serving the Northwest, West, South, South Central and Mid-Atlantic regions.
In addition, the purchase of Chariot Eagle, LLC ("Chariot Eagle") and Fairmont Homes, LLC ("Fairmont Homes"), in March 2015 and May 2015, respectively, provides for further operating capacity, increased home production capabilities and distribution into new markets such as the Midwest, the western Great Plains states, the Northeast and several provinces in Canada. These operations included manufacturing facilities in Ocala, Florida; Nappanee, Indiana; and two factories in Montevideo, Minnesota.
Products
We are the second largest producer of manufactured homes in the United States, based on reported wholesale shipments, marketed under a variety of brand names including Cavco Homes, Fleetwood Homes, Palm Harbor Homes, Fairmont Homes and Chariot Eagle. The Company is also a leading producer of modular homes, built primarily under the Nationwide Homes brand, as well as park model RVs, vacation cabins and systems-built commercial structures.
Approximately 83% of our products are constructed in accordance with the HUD code. We also build park model RVs, constructed to standards approved by the American National Standards Institute, a private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates a voluntary standardization and conformity program. Park model RVs are less than 400 square feet in size, are primarily used as vacation dwellings and seasonal living, and are placed in planned communities, recreational home parks and resorts. We also produce a wide variety of modular homes, which include single and multi-section/modular ranch-style dwellings, split-level homes, Cape Cod style homes, two and three story homes and multi-family units. We also build commercial modular structures including apartment buildings, condominiums, hotels, workforce housing, schools and housing for U.S. military troops (e.g., barracks). Commercial buildings are constructed in the same facilities in which we build our residential homes using similar assembly line processes and techniques. These commercial projects are generally engineered to the purchaser’s specifications. The buildings are transported to the customer’s site in the same manner as homes and are often set by crane and finished at the site.
We produce our residential homes in a variety of floor plans. Most of these homes are single-story and generally range in size from approximately 500 to 3,300 square feet, but may be larger in the case of multi-level modular homes. In fiscal years 2016 and 2015, we sold 12,339 and 9,999 homes, respectively.
Each home typically contains a living room, dining area, kitchen, one to five bedrooms and one or more bathrooms, and is equipped with central heating and hot water systems, kitchen appliances, carpeting and window treatments. Feature upgrades include fireplaces, central air conditioning, tile roofs, high ceilings, skylights, hardwood floors, custom cabinetry, granite countertops and energy conservation elements. We also offer a variety of structural and decorative customizations to meet the home buyer's specifications. With manufacturing centers strategically positioned across the nation, we utilize local market research to design homes to meet the demands of our customers. We have the ability to react and modify floor plans and designs to consumers’ specific needs. By offering a full range of homes from entry-level models to large custom homes and with the ability to engineer designs in-house, we can accommodate virtually any customer request.
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We are focused on building quality, energy efficient homes for the modern home buyer. Green building involves the creation of an energy efficient envelope, including higher utilization of renewable materials. These homes provide environmentally-friendly maintenance requirements, generally lower utility costs, specially designed ventilation systems, best use of space and passive solar orientation.
Our manufactured homes are constructed and equipped at our factories. The finished home is then primarily transported by independent trucking companies either to a retail sales center, planned community, housing development, work site or the customer's site. Retailers or other independent installers are responsible for placing the home on site and, in most instances, arranging for connections to utilities and providing installation and finish-out services. Although our manufactured homes are designed to be transportable, very few are moved from their original site after installation.
We are constantly introducing new floor plans, decors, exteriors, features and accessories to appeal to changing trends in different regions of the country. Our factory-built homes are designed after extensive field research and consumer feedback. We have developed engineering systems which, through the use of computer-aided technology, permit customization of homes and assist with product development and enhancement. We work with a variety of partners, meeting an expanding range of housing needs from a home buyer’s private land to planned neighborhoods to recreational or resort properties to accommodations for workforces in agriculture and industry.
Factory-built Housing
Manufacturing Operations. Our homes are constructed in plant facilities using an assembly-line process employing from 75 to 300 employees at each facility. Most of our homes are constructed in one or more sections (also known as floors or modules) on a permanently affixed steel or wood support chassis. Each section is assembled in stages beginning with the construction of the chassis, followed by the addition of other constructed and purchased components and ending with a final quality control inspection. The efficiency of the assembly-line process and the benefits of constructing homes in a controlled factory environment enables us to produce quality homes in less time and at a lower cost per square foot than building homes on individual sites.
We operate 19 manufacturing facilities in Millersburg and Woodburn, Oregon; Nampa, Idaho; Riverside, California; Phoenix and Goodyear, Arizona; Austin, Fort Worth, Seguin and Waco, Texas; Montevideo, Minnesota (2); Nappanee, Indiana; Lafayette, Tennessee; Martinsville and Rocky Mount, Virginia; Douglas, Georgia; and Ocala and Plant City, Florida. These manufacturing facilities range from approximately 41,000 to 341,000 square feet of floor space. The production schedules for our manufacturing facilities are based on wholesale orders received from independent and Company-owned retailers, which fluctuate from week to week. In general, however, our facilities are structured to operate on a one shift per day, five days per week basis, and we currently manufacture a typical home in approximately six production days. During the fiscal quarters ended April 2, 2016 and March 28, 2015, our rates of production were approximately 84 and 61 home sections per day, respectively.
Manufactured housing is a regional business and the primary geographic market for a typical manufacturing facility is within a 350-mile radius. Each of our manufacturing facilities serves multiple retailers along with a large number of one-time purchasers. Because we produce homes to fill existing wholesale orders, our manufacturing plants generally do not carry finished goods inventories, except for homes awaiting delivery.
The principal materials used in the production of our manufactured homes include wood, wood products, steel, aluminum, gypsum wallboard, windows, doors, fiberglass insulation, carpet, vinyl, fasteners, plumbing materials, appliances and electrical items. We buy these materials from various third-party manufacturers and distributors. The inability to obtain any materials used in the production of our homes, whether resulting from material shortages, limitation of supplier facilities or other events affecting production of component parts, may affect our ability to meet or maintain production requirements.
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At April 2, 2016, we had a backlog of home orders with wholesale sales values of approximately $47.9 million, compared to a backlog of $47.4 million at March 28, 2015. Retailers may cancel orders prior to production without penalty. After production of a particular home has commenced, the order becomes noncancelable and the retailer is obligated to take delivery of the home. Accordingly, until production of a particular home has commenced, we do not consider our order backlog to be firm orders. Because of the seasonality of the housing market, the level of our order backlog historically declines during the winter months.
Revenue and Distribution. The Company sold 12,339, 9,999 and 9,379 homes in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, through Company-owned and independent distribution channels.
As of April 2, 2016, we had a total of 45 Company-owned retail centers, located in Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Virginia, North Carolina and Florida. Thirty-two of the Company-owned retail stores are located in Texas. Our Company-owned sales centers are generally located on main roads or highways for high visibility. Each of our Company-owned retail sales centers has a sales office, which is generally a factory-built structure, and a variety of model homes of various sizes, floor plans, features and prices. Customers may order a home that will be built at a manufacturing facility or they may purchase a home from an inventory of homes maintained at the location, including a model home. Model homes may be displayed in a residential setting with sidewalks and landscaping. Each sales center usually employs a manager and one to five salespersons, who are compensated through a combination of salary and commission. As of April 2, 2016, Company-owned sales centers had an average inventory of 16 new homes per location. We internally finance our home inventories.
As of April 2, 2016, we had a network of independent distribution points, of which 15% were in Arizona, 13% in Texas, 10% in California, 9% in Florida, 7% in Oregon and 5% in Kentucky. The remaining 41% were in 38 other states, Canada, Japan and Mexico. As is common in the industry, our independent distributors typically sell manufactured homes produced by other manufacturers in addition to those we produce. Some independent retailers operate multiple sales outlets. No independent retailer accounted for 10% or more of our factory-built housing revenue during any fiscal year within the three-year period ended April 2, 2016.
We continually seek to increase our wholesale shipments by growing sales at our existing independent retailers and by finding new independent retailers to sell our homes. We provide comprehensive sales training to retail sales associates and bring them to our manufacturing facilities for product training and to view new product designs as they are developed. These training seminars facilitate the sale of our homes by increasing the skill and knowledge of the retail sales consultants. In addition, we display our products in trade shows and support our retailers through the distribution of floor plan literature, brochures, decor selection displays, point of sale promotional material, as well as internet-based marketing assistance.
Independent retailers frequently finance a portion of their home purchases through wholesale floor plan financing arrangements. In most cases, we receive a deposit or a commitment from the retailer's lender for each home ordered. We then manufacture the home and it is shipped at the retailer's expense. Payment is due from the lender upon shipment of the product. For a description of wholesale floor plan financing arrangements used by independent retailers and our obligations in connection with these arrangements, see "Financing—Commercial Financing" below.
Warranties. We provide the retail home buyer a one-year limited warranty covering defects in material or workmanship in home structure, plumbing and electrical systems. Nonstructural components of a cosmetic nature are warranted for 120 days, except in specific cases where state laws require longer warranty terms. Our warranty does not extend to installation and setup of the home, which is generally arranged by the retailer. Appliances, carpeting, roofing and certain other components are warranted by their original manufacturer for various lengths of time. Refer to our discussion of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act under "Government Regulation" below.
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Financial Services
Finance. We provide a source of home buyer financing to our customers on competitive terms through our subsidiary, CountryPlace. CountryPlace offers conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages and chattel loans to purchasers of numerous brands of factory-built homes sold by Company-owned retail sales centers and certain independent retailers, builders, communities and developers. CountryPlace is authorized to directly endorse FHA Title I and Title II mortgage insurance, is an approved lender with the VA and the USDA under its Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program, is approved to issue GNMA-insured mortgage-backed securities, and is authorized to sell mortgages to, and service mortgages for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Most loans originated through CountryPlace are sold to investors. CountryPlace also provides various loan servicing functions for non-affiliated entities under contract.
All of CountryPlace’s loan contracts held are fixed rate and have monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest. The scheduled payments for each contract would, if made on their respective due dates, result in a full amortization of the contract. Loan contracts secured by collateral that is geographically concentrated could experience higher rates of delinquencies, default and foreclosure losses than loan contracts secured by collateral that is more geographically dispersed. CountryPlace has loan contracts secured by factory-built homes located in 29 states, including Texas, Florida, New Mexico, Arizona and Alabama.
Changes in laws or other events that adversely affect liquidity in the secondary mortgage market could hurt our business. The GSEs, principally Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae, as well as the FHA, play a significant role in buying home mortgages and creating investment securities that are either sold to investors or held in their portfolios. These organizations provide essential liquidity to the secondary mortgage market. Any new federal laws or regulations that restrict or curtail their activities, or any other events or conditions that prevent or restrict these enterprises from continuing their historic businesses, could affect the ability of our customers to obtain loans or could increase home loan interest rates, fees and credit standards. This could reduce demand for our homes and/or the loans that we originate and adversely affect our results of operations.
We believe that providing financing alternatives to our customers improves our responsiveness to the financing needs of prospective purchasers and provides us with opportunities for additional sources of loan origination and servicing revenues.
Insurance. Standard Casualty specializes in homeowner property and casualty insurance products for the manufactured housing industry. Standard Casualty is domiciled in Texas and is primarily a specialty writer of manufactured home physical damage insurance. Standard Casualty holds insurance licenses in multiple states; however, a significant portion of its writings occur in Texas and Arizona. In addition to writing direct policies, Standard Casualty assumes and cedes reinsurance in the ordinary course of business. In Texas, the policies are written through one affiliated managing general agent, which produces all premiums, except surety, and through local agents, most of which are manufactured home retailers. All business outside the state of Texas is written on a direct basis through local agents.
Financing
Commercial Financing. Certain of our wholesale factory-built housing sales to independent retailers were purchased through wholesale floor plan financing arrangements. Under a typical floor plan financing arrangement, an independent financial institution specializing in this line of business provides the retailer with a loan for the purchase price of the home and maintains a security interest in the home as collateral. The financial institution customarily requires us, as the manufacturer of the home, to enter into a separate repurchase agreement with the financial institution under which we are obligated, upon default by the retailer and under certain other circumstances, to repurchase the financed home at declining prices over the term of the repurchase agreement (which in most cases is 18 to 36 months). The price at which we may be obligated to repurchase a home under these agreements is based upon the amount financed, plus certain administrative and shipping expenses. Our obligation under these repurchase agreements ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer. The maximum amount of our contingent obligations under such repurchase agreements was approximately $46.6 million as of April 2, 2016 compared to $28.3 million as of March 28, 2015. The risk of loss under these agreements is spread over many retailers and is further reduced by the resale value of the homes.
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The availability of inventory financing for the industry’s wholesale distribution chain continues to improve. Faced with illiquid capital markets in late calendar year 2008, each of the manufactured housing sector’s remaining inventory finance companies (floor plan lenders) initiated significant changes and one company ceased lending activities in the industry entirely. Other finance programs are subject to more restrictive terms that continue to evolve, and in some cases, require the financial involvement of the Company. As a result, the Company has entered into certain commercial loan programs whereby the Company provides a significant amount of the funds that independent financiers lend to distributors to finance retail inventories of our products. In addition, the Company has entered into direct commercial loan arrangements with distributors of our products under which the Company provides funds for financing purchases (see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The Company’s involvement in commercial loans has increased the availability of manufactured home financing to distributors, communities and developers. We believe that our taking part in the wholesale financing of homes is helpful to the borrowers and allows our homes continued exposure to potential home buyers. These initiatives support the Company’s ongoing efforts to expand our distribution base in all of our markets with existing and new customers. However, the initiatives expose the Company to risks associated with the creditworthiness of certain customers and business partners, including independent retailers, developers, communities and inventory financing partners, many of whom may be adversely affected by the volatile conditions in the economy and financial markets.
Consumer Financing. Sales of factory-built homes are significantly affected by the availability and cost of consumer financing. There are three basic types of consumer financing in the factory-built housing industry: chattel or personal property loans for purchasers of a home with no real estate involved (generally HUD code homes); non-conforming mortgages for purchasers of the home and the land on which the home is placed; and conforming mortgage loans which comply with the requirements of FHA, Veterans Affairs or GSE loans.
Beginning in mid-1999, lenient credit standards for chattel loans originated in prior years resulted in increased numbers of repossessions of manufactured homes and excessive inventory levels at that time. The poor performance of manufactured home loan portfolios made it difficult for consumer finance companies in the industry to obtain long-term capital in the asset-backed securitization market. As a result, many consumer finance companies curtailed their lending or exited the manufactured housing loan industry entirely. Since then, the lenders who remained in the business tightened their credit standards and, in some cases, increased fees and interest rates for chattel loans, which reduced lending volumes and lowered sales volumes of manufactured homes.
Consumer financing for the retail purchase of manufactured homes needs to become generally more available before marked emergence from current low home shipment levels can occur. Restrictive underwriting guidelines, irregular appraisal processes, higher interest rates compared to site-built homes, regulatory burdens, a limited number of institutions lending to manufactured home buyers and limited secondary market availability for manufactured home loans are significant constraints to industry growth. We are working directly with other industry participants to develop manufactured home consumer financing models to better attract industry financiers interested in furthering or expanding lending opportunities in the industry. We have invested in community-based lending initiatives that provide home-only financing to new residents of certain manufactured home communities. We are also working through industry trade associations to encourage favorable legislative and GSE action to address the mortgage financing needs of potential buyers of affordable homes. Only limited progress has been made in this area and meaningful positive impact in the form of increased home orders has yet to be realized.
Competition
The manufactured housing industry is highly competitive at both the manufacturing and retail levels, with competition based upon several factors, including price, product features, reputation for service and quality, depth of distribution, promotion, merchandising and the terms of retail customer financing. We compete with approximately 35 other producers of manufactured homes, as well as companies offering for sale homes repossessed from wholesalers or consumers. In addition, manufactured homes compete with new and existing site-built homes, as well as apartments, townhouses and condominiums.
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There are a number of other national manufacturers competing for a significant share of the manufactured housing market in the United States, including Clayton Homes, Inc., Champion Home Builders, Inc. and Skyline Corporation. Certain of these competitors possess greater financial, manufacturing, distribution and marketing resources.
Although many lenders to factory-built home buyers have reduced their volume or exited the business, there are significant competitors to CountryPlace in the markets we serve. These competitors include national, regional and local banks, independent finance companies, mortgage brokers and mortgage banks, such as: 21st Mortgage Corporation, an affiliate of Clayton Homes, Inc. and Berkshire Hathaway, Inc.; Triad Finance Corporation; and CU Factory Built Lending, LP. Certain of these competitors are larger than CountryPlace and have access to substantially more capital and cost efficiencies.
The market for homeowners insurance is highly competitive. Standard Casualty competes principally in property and casualty insurance for owners of manufactured homes with companies such as National Lloyds and Columbia Lloyds. We compete based on price, the breadth of our product offerings, product features, customer service, claim handling and use of technology.
Government Regulation
Our manufactured homes are subject to a number of federal, state and local laws, codes and regulations. Construction of manufactured housing is governed by the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, as amended, or the Home Construction Act. In 1976, HUD issued regulations under the Home Construction Act establishing comprehensive national construction standards. In 1994, the codes were amended and expanded to, among other things, address specific requirements for homes destined for geographic areas subject to severe weather conditions. The HUD regulations, known collectively as the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, cover all aspects of manufactured home construction, including structural integrity, fire safety, wind loads, thermal protection and ventilation. Such regulations preempt conflicting state and local regulations on such matters, and are subject to periodic change. Our manufacturing facilities, and the plans and specifications of the HUD code manufactured homes they produce, have been approved by a HUD-certified inspection agency. Further, an independent HUD-certified third-party inspector regularly reviews our manufactured homes for compliance with HUD regulations during construction. Failure to comply with applicable HUD regulations could expose us to a wide variety of sanctions, including mandated closings of our manufacturing facilities. We believe our manufactured homes are in substantial compliance with all present HUD requirements. Our park model RVs are not subject to HUD regulations, but we believe that our park model RVs meet all present standards of the American National Standards Institute.
Manufactured and site-built homes are all typically built with wood products that contain formaldehyde resins. HUD regulates the allowable concentrations of formaldehyde in certain products used in manufactured homes and requires manufacturers to warn purchasers as to formaldehyde-associated risks. The Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and other governmental agencies have in the past evaluated the effects of formaldehyde. We use materials in our manufactured homes that meet HUD standards for formaldehyde emissions and believe we comply with HUD and other applicable government regulations in this regard.
The transportation of manufactured homes on highways is subject to regulation by various federal, state and local authorities. Such regulations may prescribe size and road use limitations and impose lower than normal speed limits and various other requirements.
We have leased space for our manufacturing facility in Goodyear, Arizona since 1993. The leased premises is part of what is referred to as the Phoenix-Goodyear Airport (South) Superfund Site ("PGAS"), which was designated as a National Priorities List ("NPL") site under the authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act in 1983. The reason for the site's NPL designation was because of extensive soil and groundwater contamination (trichloroethylene, chromium and cadmium) that resulted from historic manufacturing by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company ("Goodyear Tire") and the United States Department of Defense. Pursuant to a consent decree entered into with the EPA, Goodyear Tire is responsible for taking certain remedial actions at the PGAS site.
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On September 30, 2015, the EPA issued its Third Five-Year Review Report for Phoenix Goodyear Airport (North and South Areas) Superfund Site (the "Third Five-Year Report") and reported that "[t]he remedy at PGAS is currently protective of human health and environment because there is no complete exposure pathway to contaminated groundwater or soil. Soil contamination has been addressed and the vapor intrusion pathway is not complete. Monitoring of COG production wells continues to ensure that the public is not being exposed to contaminated groundwater that exceeds the MCLs." In order to ensure the remedy will be protective in the long-term, the EPA has recommended that the following action be taken: modify the sampling plans to include all COCs, assess the need for new cleanup level for arsenic, and determine the necessity of institutional controls. The next five year review is due within five years of September 30, 2015. The preceding summary of the Third Five-Year Report does not purport to be complete, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the report itself which is available at https://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/r9sfdocw.nsf/vwsoalphabetic/Phoenix-Goodyear+Airport+Area#repositories.
Our lease specifically refers to the consent decree with the EPA and provides that, as between our Landlord (now JRC Goodyear, LLC) and us, the Landlord will be responsible for any liabilities resulting from the existing contamination at the site and that the Landlord will indemnify, defend, and hold us, our directors, our officers, our employees, our agents, and our successors, harmless for such liabilities. During the 23 years that we have conducted manufacturing operations at the Goodyear, Arizona facility, we have never received any inquiry or notice from the EPA or the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality suggesting that we may be liable for any costs associated with the remediation of the PGAS site. There are no underground storage tanks at the Goodyear, Arizona facility.
Our manufactured homes are subject to local zoning and housing regulations. In certain cities and counties in areas where our homes are sold, local governmental ordinances and regulations have been enacted which restrict the placement of manufactured homes on privately-owned land or which require the placement of manufactured homes in manufactured home communities. Such ordinances and regulations may adversely affect our ability to sell homes for installation in communities where they are in effect. A number of states have adopted procedures governing the installation of manufactured homes. Utility connections are subject to state and local regulations which must be complied with by the retailer or other person installing the home.
Certain warranties we issue may be subject to the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act ("Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act"), which regulates the descriptions of warranties on consumer products. In the case of warranties subject to the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act, the Company is subject to a number of additional regulatory requirements. For example, warranties that are subject to the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act must be included in a single easy-to-read document that is generally made available prior to purchase. The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act also prohibits certain attempts to disclaim or modify implied warranties and the use of deceptive or misleading terms. A claim for a violation of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act can be the subject of an action in federal court in which consumers may be able to recover attorneys' fees. The description and substance of our warranties are also subject to a variety of state laws and regulations. A number of states require manufactured home producers to post bonds to ensure the satisfaction of consumer warranty claims.
A variety of laws affect the financing of the homes we manufacture. The Federal Consumer Credit Protection Act ("Truth-in-Lending Act") and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder require written disclosure of information relating to such financing, including the amount of the annual percentage interest rate and the finance charge. The Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act also requires certain disclosures to potential customers concerning credit information used as a basis to deny credit. The Federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B promulgated thereunder prohibit discrimination against any credit applicant based on certain specified grounds. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA") and Regulation X promulgated thereunder require certain disclosures regarding the nature and costs of real estate settlements. The Federal Trade Commission has adopted or proposed various Trade Regulation Rules dealing with unfair credit and collection practices and the preservation of consumers' claims and defenses. Installment sales contracts, direct loans and mortgage loans eligible for inclusion in a Ginnie Mae program are subject to the credit underwriting requirements of the FHA. A variety of state laws also regulate the form of financing documents and the allowable deposits, finance charge and fees chargeable pursuant to financing documents.
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In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank Act") was passed into law. The Dodd-Frank Act is a sweeping piece of legislation, and the financial services industry continues to assess its implications and implement necessary changes in procedures and business practices. Although Congress detailed some significant changes, and new rules have been implemented, the full impact remains unknown and may not be fully known for years, as regulations that are intended to implement the Dodd-Frank Act continue to be adopted by the appropriate agencies, and the text of the Dodd-Frank Act is analyzed by impacted stakeholders and possibly the courts. The Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") to regulate consumer financial products and services.
In 2014, certain CFPB mortgage finance rules required under the Dodd-Frank Act became effective. The rules apply to consumer credit transactions secured by a dwelling, which include real property mortgages and chattel loans (financed without land) secured by manufactured homes. The rules defined standards for origination of "Qualified Mortgages," established specific requirements for lenders to prove borrowers' ability to repay loans and outlined the conditions under which Qualified Mortgages are subject to safe harbor limitations on liability to borrowers. The rules also established interest rates and other cost parameters for determining which Qualified Mortgages fall under safe harbor protection. Among other issues, Qualified Mortgages with interest rates and other costs outside the limits are deemed "rebuttable" by borrowers and expose the lender and its assignees (including investors in loans, pools of loans, and instruments secured by loans or loan pools) to possible litigation and penalties.
While many manufactured homes are currently financed with agency-conforming mortgages in which the ability to repay is verified, and interest rates and other costs are within the safe harbor limits established under the CFPB mortgage finance rules, certain loans to finance the purchase of manufactured homes, especially chattel loans and non-conforming land-home loans, may fall outside the safe harbor limits. The CFPB rules have caused some lenders to curtail underwriting such loans, and some investors are reluctant to own or participate in owning such loans because of the uncertainty of potential litigation and other costs. As a result, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure the financing necessary to complete purchases. In addition, compliance with the law and ongoing issuance of rule implementation has caused lenders to incur additional costs to implement new processes, procedures, controls and infrastructure required to comply with the regulations. Compliance may constrain lenders' ability to profitably price certain loans. Failure to comply with these regulations, changes in these or other regulations, or the imposition of additional regulations, could affect our earnings, limit our access to capital and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The CFPB rules amending the Truth-in-Lending Act ("TILA") and the RESPA expand the types of mortgage loans that are subject to the protections of the Home Ownership and Equity Protections Act of 1994 ("HOEPA"), revise and expand the tests for coverage under HOEPA, and impose additional restrictions on mortgages that are covered by HOEPA. As a result, certain manufactured home loans are now subject to HOEPA limits on interest rates and fees. Loans with rates or fees in excess of the limits are deemed High Cost Mortgages and provide additional protections for borrowers, including with respect to determining the value of the home. Most loans for the purchase of manufactured homes have been written at rates and fees that would not appear to be considered High Cost Mortgages under the new rule. Although some lenders may continue to offer loans that are now deemed High Cost Mortgages, the rate and fee limits appear to have deterred some lenders from offering loans to certain borrowers due to the limits on rates and fees or be reluctant to enter into loans subject to the provisions of HOEPA. As a result, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure financing necessary to complete manufactured home purchases.
Additionally, the Dodd-Frank Act amended provisions of TILA to require rules for appraisals on principal residences securing higher-priced mortgage loans ("HPML"). Certain loans secured by manufactured homes, primarily chattel loans, could be considered HPMLs. Among other things, the rules require creditors to provide copies of appraisal reports to borrowers prior to loan closing. To implement these amendments, the CFPB adopted the HPML Appraisal Rule effective December 30, 2014 and loans secured by new manufactured homes were exempt from the rule until July 18, 2015. While the effects of these new requirements are not fully known, some prospective home buyers may be deterred from completing a manufactured home purchase as a result of appraised values.
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The Dodd-Frank Act also required integrating disclosures provided by lenders to borrowers under TILA and RESPA. The final rule became effective October 3, 2015. The TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure ("TRID") mandated extensive changes to the mortgage loan closing process and necessitated significant changes to mortgage origination systems. Since its implementation, technical ambiguities in the rule have resulted in lender and investor uncertainty regarding acceptable cures and tolerances for disclosure and estimate errors. It is not yet fully known how the GSEs and HUD will view TRID compliance, how they will apply their own interpretations of TRID to their repurchase and claims review processes, or how the market for private-label securitizations may be impacted.
The American Housing Rescue and Foreclosure Prevention Act was enacted in 2008 to provide assistance by way of legislation for the housing industry, including manufactured homes. Among other things, the act provided for increased loan limits for chattel (home-only Title I) loans to $69,678, up 43% from the previous limit of $48,600 set in 1992. New Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") Title I program guidelines became effective on June 1, 2010 and provide Ginnie Mae the ability to securitize manufactured home FHA Title I loans. These guidelines were intended to allow lenders to obtain new capital, which can then be used to fund new loans for our customers. Chattel loans have languished for several years and these changes were meant to broaden chattel financing availability for prospective homeowners. However, we are aware of only a small number of loans currently being securitized under the Ginnie Mae program.
The Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 ("SAFE Act") established requirements for the licensing and registration of all individuals that are Mortgage Loan Originators ("MLOs"). MLOs must be registered or licensed by the states. Traditionally, manufactured housing retailers have assisted home buyers with securing financing for the purchase of homes. This assistance may have included assisting with loan applications and presenting terms of loans. Under the SAFE Act, these activities are prohibited unless performed by a registered or licensed MLO. Although the definition of an MLO contains exemptions for administrative and other specific functions and industries, manufactured housing retailers are no longer able to negotiate rates and terms for loans unless they are licensed as MLOs. Compliance may have required manufactured housing retailers to alter business practices related to assisting home buyers in securing financing. This may have resulted in penalties assessed against or litigation costs incurred by retailers found to be in violation, reduced home sales from home buyers’ inability to secure financing without retailer assistance, or increased costs to home buyers or reduced transaction profitability for retailers as a result of the additional cost of mandatory MLO involvement.
If passed by Congress and signed into law, the proposed Preserving Access to Manufactured Housing Act (Senate Bill 682 and House of Representatives Bill 650) would amend some Dodd-Frank Act provisions that affect manufactured housing financing. The bill would revise the triggers by which small-sized manufactured home loans are considered "High-Cost" under HOEPA and clarify the MLO licensing requirements for manufactured home retailers and their employees.
Our sale of insurance products is subject to various state insurance laws and regulations which govern allowable charges and other insurance practices. Standard Casualty’s insurance operations are regulated by the state insurance boards where it underwrites its policies. Underwriting, premiums, investments and capital reserves (including dividend payments to stockholders) are subject to the rules and regulations of these state agencies.
In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act ("Health Reform Law"), was passed into law. As enacted, the Health Reform Law reforms, among other things, certain aspects of health insurance. The Health Reform Law could continue to increase our healthcare costs, adversely impacting the Company's earnings.
Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations, and violations may result in the payment of fines, the entry of injunctions or both. Although we believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations, these requirements have generally become more strict in recent years. Accordingly, we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance with all applicable laws and enforcement policies.
See also "Regulatory Developments" in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report.
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Seasonality
The housing industry is subject to seasonal fluctuations based on new home buyer purchasing patterns. Still, diversification among Cavco’s product lines and operations have served to partially offset the extent of seasonal fluctuations. Demand for our core single-family new home products typically peaks each spring and summer before declining in the winter, consistent with the overall housing industry. Demand patterns for park model RVs and homes used primarily for retirement seasonal living partially offset the general housing seasonality. Cabins used for camping and vacation use are placed in a variety of climates that further mitigates the effects of seasonality on our sales volume. Cavco’s Company-owned retail stores experience decreased home buyer traffic during holidays and popular vacation periods; however, the one to three month retail sales process tends to somewhat mitigate the impact of these irregular traffic patterns.
Cavco’s mortgage subsidiary experiences minimal seasonal fluctuation in its mortgage origination activities as a result of the time needed for loan application approval processes and subsequent home loan closing activities. The mortgage subsidiary realizes no seasonal impacts from its mortgage servicing operations. Revenue for the home insurance subsidiary is not impacted by seasonality as it recognizes revenue from policy sales ratably over each policy’s term year. The insurance subsidiary is subject to the effects of seasonal storms in Texas, where most of its policies are underwritten. Spring storm activity typically spikes each April and May, the prime season for Texas weather events. During the quarter ended June 27, 2015, record setting storm activity in Texas produced high insurance claims volume. The severity of the hail and wind related damage to insured homes were considerably greater than most spring storm seasons. Losses from these catastrophic events were somewhat limited by reinsurance contracts in place, which responded as intended as part of the Company’s loss mitigation structure. While the severity of weather events has and can be expected to vary over time, the insurance subsidiary is a well-established and time-tested business. The entity has been a solid performer for the Company over time despite occasional periods of high claims experience.
Employees
We have approximately 3,750 employees. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good.
Available Information
We make available free of charge through our Internet site, www.cavco.com, the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"): the Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, the Conflict Minerals Report on Form SD, the Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those Reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act").
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business involves a number of risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with the information provided elsewhere in this Annual Report. The items described below are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks that are currently unknown to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial may also impair our business or adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
We operate in an industry that is currently experiencing a prolonged and significant downturn
Since mid-1999, the manufactured housing industry has experienced a prolonged and significant downturn. This downturn has resulted in part from the fact that, beginning in 1999, consumer lenders in the sector began to tighten underwriting standards and curtail credit availability in response to higher than anticipated rates of loan defaults and significant losses upon the repossession and resale of the manufactured homes securing defaulted loans. From 2004 to 2007, the industry’s downturn was exacerbated by the aggressive financing methods available to customers of developers and marketers of site-built homes, which had the effect of diverting potential manufactured housing buyers to more expensive site-built homes. Since 2008, the global credit crisis and general deterioration of economic conditions have extended the depressed market conditions in which our industry operates. These factors have resulted in reduced wholesale shipments and excess manufacturing and retail locations.
As a result of the foregoing factors, and based on industry data as of the end of 2015, the number of active industry manufacturing facilities was 121, a decrease of 202 plants since 1999, representing a 63% reduction. The availability of consumer financing for the purchase of manufactured homes continues to be constrained. If current industry conditions continue or get materially worse, we may be required to take steps in an attempt to mitigate the effect of unfavorable industry conditions, such as the closure of facilities or consolidation of existing operations. These steps could impair our ability to conduct our business in a manner consistent with past practice and could make it more difficult for us to expand our operations if and when industry conditions improve. Furthermore, some of these steps could lead to fixed asset, goodwill or other impairment charges.
We may not be able to successfully integrate past acquisitions, including the recent acquisitions of Fairmont Homes and Chariot Eagle, or any future acquisition to attain the anticipated benefits. Past acquisitions may adversely impact the Company’s liquidity
We completed the acquisition of certain manufactured housing assets and liabilities of Fleetwood in fiscal year 2010 and of Palm Harbor in fiscal year 2012. Also in fiscal year 2012, we purchased all of the outstanding shares of CountryPlace and Standard Casualty.
On March 30, 2015, we completed the purchase of the business and operating assets of Chariot Eagle, Inc., a Florida based manufacturer of park model RVs and manufactured homes. On May 1, 2015, Cavco acquired certain assets and liabilities of Fairmont Homes. Fairmont Homes is a builder of manufactured and modular homes and park model RVs with manufacturing plants in Indiana and Minnesota.
We may consider other strategic acquisitions if such opportunities arise. The Fleetwood, Palm Harbor, Chariot Eagle and Fairmont Homes transactions, and other acquisitions that we may consider in the future, involve a number of risks, including the diversion of our management’s attention from our existing business for those transactions that we complete, or possible adverse effects on our operating results during the integration process and on our liquidity. In addition, we may not be able to successfully or profitably integrate, operate, maintain and manage the operations or employees of Fairmont Homes and Chariot Eagle or potential future acquisitions. We also may not be able to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies, which may lead to financial losses.
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Our involvement in vertically integrated lines of business, including manufactured housing consumer finance, commercial finance and insurance, exposes the Company to certain risks
CountryPlace offers conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages, and chattel loans to purchasers of factory-built homes sold by Company-owned retail sales centers and independent retailers, builders, communities and developers. CountryPlace is an approved seller/servicer with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, is approved by HUD to originate FHA-insured mortgages under its Direct Endorsement program, and is approved to issue Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities. Most loans originated through CountryPlace are sold to investors. CountryPlace also provides various loan servicing functions for non-affiliated entities under contract.
If CountryPlace’s customers are unable to repay their loans, CountryPlace may be adversely affected. CountryPlace makes loans to borrowers that it believes are creditworthy based on its underwriting guidelines. However, the ability of these customers to repay their loans may be affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to: national, regional and local economic conditions; changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; natural hazard risks affecting the region in which the borrower resides; and employment, financial or life circumstances.
If customers do not repay their loans, CountryPlace may repossess or foreclose on the secured property in order to liquidate its loan collateral and minimize losses. The homes and land securing the loans are subject to fluctuating market values, and proceeds realized from liquidating repossessed or foreclosed property are highly susceptible to adverse movements in collateral values. Home price depreciation and elevated levels of unemployment may result in additional defaults and exacerbate actual loss severities upon collateral liquidation beyond those normally experienced by CountryPlace.
Some of the loans CountryPlace has originated or may originate in the future may not have a liquid market, or the market may contract rapidly and the loans may become illiquid. Although CountryPlace offers loan products and prices its loans at levels that it believes are marketable at the time of credit application approval, market conditions for mortgage-related loans may deteriorate rapidly and significantly. CountryPlace’s ability to respond to changing market conditions is bound by credit approval and funding commitments it makes in advance of loan completion. In this environment, it is difficult to predict the types of loan products and characteristics that may be susceptible to future market curtailments and tailor our loan offerings accordingly. As a result, no assurances can be given that the market value of our loans will not decline in the future, or that a market will continue to exist for loan products.
CountryPlace sells loans through GSE-related programs and whole-loan purchasers. In connection with these activities, CountryPlace provides to the GSEs and whole-loan purchasers representations and warranties related to the loans sold. These representations and warranties generally relate to the ownership of the loans, the validity of the liens securing the loans, the loans' compliance with the criteria for inclusion in the sale transactions, including compliance with underwriting standards or loan criteria established by buyers and CountryPlace’s ability to deliver documentation in compliance with applicable laws. Generally, representations and warranties may be enforced at any time over the life of the loan. Upon a breach of a representation, CountryPlace may be required to repurchase the loan or to indemnify a party for incurred losses. Repurchase demands and claims for indemnification payments are reviewed on a loan-by-loan basis to validate if there has been a breach requiring repurchase or indemnification. CountryPlace manages the risk of repurchase through underwriting and quality assurance practices and by servicing the mortgage loans to investor standards. CountryPlace maintains a reserve for these contingent repurchase and indemnification obligations.
Standard Casualty and Standard Insurance Agency specialize in the manufactured housing industry, primarily serving the Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Georgia markets. In Texas, the policies are written through one affiliated managing general agent, which produces all premiums, except surety, through local agents, most of which are manufactured home retailers. All insurance policies outside the state of Texas are written on a direct basis through local agents. Property and casualty insurance companies are subject to certain risk-based capital requirements as specified by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Under those requirements, the amount of capital and surplus maintained by a property and casualty insurance company is determined based on its various risk factors.
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Certain of Standard Casualty’s premiums and benefits are assumed from and ceded to other insurance companies under various reinsurance agreements. The ceded reinsurance agreements provide Standard Casualty with increased capacity to write larger risks. Standard Casualty remains obligated for amounts ceded in the event that the reinsurers do not meet their obligations. Substantially all of Standard Casualty’s assumed reinsurance is with one entity. Further, Standard Casualty’s policies in force may be subject to numerous risks including geographic concentration, adverse selection, home deterioration, unusual weather events, and regulation. Although claim amounts are recoverable by Standard Casualty through reinsurance for catastrophic losses up to policy maximums, significant losses may be realized and our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Tightened credit standards, curtailed lending activity by home-only lenders and increased government lending regulations have contributed to a constrained consumer financing market
Consumers who buy our manufactured homes have historically secured retail financing from third-party lenders. Home-only financing is at times more difficult to obtain than financing for site-built homes. The availability, terms and costs of retail financing depend on the lending practices of financial institutions, governmental policies and economic and other conditions, all of which are beyond our control.
Since 1999, home-only lenders have tightened the credit underwriting standards for loans to purchase manufactured homes, which has reduced lending volumes and negatively impacted our revenue. Most of the national lenders who have historically provided home-only loans have exited the manufactured housing sector of the home loan industry. In 2002, Conseco, historically one of the largest originators of home-only loans in the manufactured housing industry, filed for bankruptcy protection and ceased its lending activities. In 2004, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., the lender with the largest loan origination volume in the home-only financing market at that time, announced it was ceasing its manufactured housing lending activities. In 2008, Origen Financial, Inc. announced that it was suspending originations of manufactured home loans as a result of unfavorable conditions in the secondary market for its loans. Another major lender, 21st Mortgage Corporation, citing unreliable and inadequate sources of funding, announced in 2009 that it was significantly curtailing its retail lending program. Remaining retail lenders have tightened their loan underwriting standards. In 2014, U.S. Bank announced that they would exit the indirect manufactured housing lending business, requiring consumers to apply through their normal mortgage lending programs. Retail sales of manufactured housing could be adversely affected if remaining retail lenders curtail industry lending activities or exit the industry altogether.
Changes in laws or other events that adversely affect liquidity in the secondary mortgage market could hurt our business. The GSEs and the FHA play significant roles in insuring or purchasing home mortgages and creating or insuring investment securities that are either sold to investors or held in their portfolios. These organizations provide significant liquidity to the secondary market. Any new federal laws or regulations that restrict or curtail their activities, or any other events or conditions that alter the roles of these organizations in the housing finance market could affect the ability of our customers to obtain mortgage loans or could increase mortgage interest rates, fees, and credit standards, which could reduce demand for our homes and/or the loans that we originate and adversely affect our results of operations.
In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act was passed into law. The Dodd-Frank Act is a sweeping piece of legislation, and the financial services industry continues to assess its implications and implement necessary changes in procedures and business practices. The Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB to regulate consumer financial products and services. Although Congress detailed some significant changes, and many new rules have been implemented, the full impact remains unknown and may not be fully known for years as the development of additional rules continue, and Congress considers amending part of the Act. Enforcement actions are in the early stages and the effects of possible litigation related to the regulations remains unknown.
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In 2014, certain CFPB mortgage finance rules required under the Dodd-Frank Act became effective. The rules apply to consumer credit transactions secured by a dwelling, which include real property mortgages and chattel loans (financed without land) secured by manufactured homes. The rules defined standards for origination of "Qualified Mortgages," established specific requirements for lenders to prove borrowers' ability to repay loans and outlined the conditions under which Qualified Mortgages are subject to safe harbor limitations on liability to borrowers. The rules also established interest rates and other cost parameters for determining which Qualified Mortgages fall under safe harbor protection. Among other issues, Qualified Mortgages with interest rates and other costs outside the limits are deemed "rebuttable" by borrowers and expose the lender and its assignees (including investors in loans, pools of loans, and instruments secured by loans or loan pools) to possible litigation and penalties.
While many manufactured homes are currently financed with agency-conforming mortgages in which the ability to repay is verified, and interest rates and other costs are within the safe harbor limits established under the CFPB mortgage finance rules, certain loans to finance the purchase of manufactured homes, especially chattel loans and non-conforming land-home loans, may fall outside the safe harbor limits. The rules have caused some lenders to curtail underwriting such loans, and some investors are reluctant to own or participate in owning such loans because of the uncertainty of potential litigation and other costs. If so, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure the financing necessary to complete purchases. In addition, compliance with the law and ongoing rule implementation has caused lenders to incur additional costs to implement new processes, procedures, controls and infrastructure required to comply with the regulations. Compliance may constrain lenders' ability to profitably price certain loans. Failure to comply with these regulations, changes in these or other regulations, or the imposition of additional regulations, could affect our earnings, limit our access to capital and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The CFPB rules amending the TILA and RESPA expand the types of mortgage loans that are subject to the protections of the HOEPA, revise and expand the tests for coverage under HOEPA, and impose additional restrictions on mortgages that are covered by HOEPA. As a result, certain manufactured home loans are now subject to HOEPA limits on interest rates and fees. Loans with rates or fees in excess of the limits are deemed High Cost Mortgages and provide additional protections for borrowers, including with respect to determining the value of the home. Most loans for the purchase of manufactured homes have been written at rates and fees that would not appear to be considered High Cost Mortgages under the new rule. Although some lenders may continue to offer loans that are now deemed High Cost Mortgages, the rate and fee limits appear to have deterred some lenders from offering loans to certain borrowers or may cause them to be reluctant to enter into loans subject to the provisions of HOEPA. As a result, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure financing necessary to complete manufactured home purchases.
The availability of wholesale financing for industry retailers is limited due to a reduced number of floor plan lenders and reduced lending limits
Manufactured housing retailers generally finance their inventory purchases with wholesale floor plan financing provided by lending institutions. The availability of wholesale financing is significantly affected by the number of floor plan lenders and their lending limits. Since 1999, a substantial number of wholesale lenders have exited the industry or curtailed their floor plan operations. Conseco, historically the largest floor plan lender, previously providing about 25% of the industry's wholesale financing, discontinued approving and funding new floor plan loan requests in 2002 and later filed for bankruptcy protection. With Conseco's exit, Deutsche Financial Services was the largest remaining floor plan lender, providing approximately 20% of the industry's wholesale financing. Deutsche Financial Services discontinued approving and funding new floor plan loan requests in November 2002 and proceeded to liquidate its existing floor plan receivables. Textron Financial Corporation and GE Commercial Distribution Finance subsequently exited the business. As a result, the Company’s independent retailers have relied primarily on 21st Mortgage Corporation and smaller national and regional lending institutions that have specialized in providing wholesale floor plan financing to manufactured housing retailers. Floor plan financing providers could further reduce their levels of floor plan lending. Reduced availability of floor plan lending negatively affects the inventory levels of our independent retailers, the number of retail sales center locations and related wholesale demand, and adversely affects the availability of and access to capital on an ongoing basis.
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Our participation in certain financing programs for the purchase of our products by industry distributors and consumers may expose us to additional risk of credit loss, which could adversely impact the Company’s liquidity and results of operations
We are exposed to risks associated with the creditworthiness of certain independent retailers, builders, developers, community owners, inventory financing partners and home buyers, many of whom may be adversely affected by the volatile conditions in the economy and financial markets. These conditions could result in financial instability or other adverse effects. The consequences of such adverse effects could include delinquencies by customers who purchase our product under special financing initiatives, and deterioration of collateral values. In addition, we may incur losses if our collateral cannot be recovered or liquidated at prices sufficient to recover recorded commercial loan notes receivable balances. The realization of any of these factors may adversely affect our cash flow, profitability and financial condition.
Our results of operations could be adversely affected by significant warranty and construction defect claims on factory-built housing
In the ordinary course of our business, we are subject to home warranty and construction defect claims. We record a reserve for estimated future warranty costs relating to homes sold, based upon our assessment of historical experience factors. Construction defect claims may arise during a significant period of time after product completion. Although we maintain general liability insurance and reserves for such claims, based on our assessments, which to date have been adequate, there can be no assurance that warranty and construction defect claims will remain at current levels or that such reserves will continue to be adequate. A large number of warranty and construction defect claims exceeding our current levels could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We have contingent repurchase obligations related to wholesale financing provided to industry retailers
In accordance with customary business practice in the manufactured housing industry, we have entered into repurchase agreements with various financial institutions and other credit sources who provide floor plan financing to industry retailers, which provide that we will be obligated, under certain circumstances, to repurchase homes sold to retailers in the event of a default by a retailer in its obligation to such credit sources. Under these agreements, we have agreed to repurchase homes at declining prices over the term of the agreement (which in most cases is 18 to 36 months). The maximum amount of our contingent obligations under such repurchase agreements was approximately $46.6 million as of April 2, 2016, without reduction for the resale value of the homes. We may be required to honor contingent repurchase obligations in the future and may incur additional expense as a consequence of these repurchase agreements.
Our operating results could be affected by market forces and declining housing demand
As a participant in the homebuilding industry, we are subject to market forces beyond our control. These market forces include employment levels, employment growth, interest rates, consumer confidence, land availability and development costs, apartment and rental housing vacancy levels, inflation, deflation and the health of the general economy. Unfavorable changes in any of the above factors or other issues could have an adverse effect on our revenue and earnings.
We have incurred net losses in certain prior periods and there can be no assurance that we will generate income in the future
Since becoming a stand-alone public company, we have generated net income each complete fiscal year, except for fiscal year 2010, in which we incurred net losses attributable in substantial part to the downturn affecting the manufactured housing industry, which is discussed in detail above. The likelihood that we will generate net income in the future must be considered in light of the difficulties facing the manufactured housing industry as a whole, economic conditions, the competitive environment in which we operate and the other risks and uncertainties discussed in this section of the Annual Report. There can be no assurance that we will generate net income in the future.
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A write-off of all or part of our goodwill could adversely affect our operating results and net worth
As of April 2, 2016, 13% of our total assets consisted of goodwill, all of which is attributable to our factory-built housing operations. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), we test goodwill annually for impairment by reporting unit by first making a qualitative assessment and, if necessary, performing the two-step test and recording an impairment charge if the implied fair value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, is less than its carrying value. If goodwill has become impaired, we charge the impairment as an expense in the period in which the impairment occurred. See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies" and Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our goodwill could be impaired if developments affecting our manufacturing operations or the markets in which we produce manufactured homes lead us to conclude that the cash flows we expect to derive from our manufacturing operations will be substantially reduced. A write off of all or part of our goodwill could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The cyclical and seasonal nature of the manufactured housing industry causes our revenues and operating results to fluctuate, and we expect this cyclicality and seasonality to continue in the future
The manufactured housing industry is highly cyclical and seasonal and is influenced by many national and regional economic and demographic factors, including the availability of consumer financing for home buyers, the availability of wholesale financing for retailers, seasonality of demand, consumer confidence, interest rates, demographic and employment trends, income levels, housing demand, general economic conditions, including inflation and recessions, and the availability of suitable home sites.
As a result of the foregoing economic, demographic and other factors, our revenues and operating results fluctuate, and we expect them to continue to fluctuate in the future. Moreover, we have experienced and could again experience operating losses during cyclical downturns in the manufactured housing market.
Our liquidity and ability to raise capital may be limited
We may need to obtain debt or additional equity financing in the future. The type, timing and terms of the financing selected by us will depend on, among other things, our cash needs, the availability of other financing sources and prevailing conditions in the financial markets. There can be no assurance that any of these sources will be available to us at any time or that they will be available on satisfactory terms.
The manufactured housing industry is highly competitive, and increased competition may result in lower revenue
The manufactured housing industry is highly competitive. Competition at both the manufacturing and retail levels is based upon several factors, including price, product features, reputation for service and quality, merchandising, terms of retailer promotional programs and the terms of retail customer financing. Numerous companies produce manufactured homes in our markets. In addition, our homes compete with repossessed homes that are offered for sale in our markets. Certain of our manufacturing competitors also have their own retail distribution systems and consumer finance and insurance operations. In addition, there are many independent manufactured housing retail locations in most areas where we have retail operations. We believe that where wholesale floor plan financing is available, it is relatively easy for new retailers to enter into our markets as competitors. In addition, our products compete with other forms of low- to moderate-cost housing, including new and existing site-built homes, apartments, townhouses and condominiums. If we are unable to compete effectively in this environment, our factory-built housing revenue could be reduced.
20
If we are unable to establish or maintain relationships with independent distributors who sell our homes, our revenue could decline
During fiscal year 2016, approximately 81% of our wholesale sales of manufactured homes were to independent distributors. As is common in the industry, independent distributors may also sell homes produced by competing manufacturers. We may not be able to establish relationships with new independent distributors or maintain good relationships with independent distributors that sell our homes. Even if we do establish and maintain relationships with independent distributors, these distributors are not obligated to sell our homes exclusively and may choose to sell our competitors' homes instead. The independent distributors with whom we have relationships can cancel these relationships on short notice. In addition, these distributors may not remain financially solvent, as they are subject to industry, economic, demographic and seasonal trends similar to those faced by us. If we do not establish and maintain relationships with solvent independent distributors in one or more of our markets, revenue in those markets could decline.
Our business and operations are concentrated in certain geographic regions, which could be impacted by market declines
Our operations are concentrated in certain states, most notably Texas, California, Florida, Arizona, Oregon and Kentucky. Due to the concentrated nature of our operations, there could be instances where these regions are negatively impacted by economic, natural or population changes that could, in turn, negatively impact the results of the business, more than other companies that are more geographically dispersed.
The Company operates 19 homebuilding facilities located in the Pacific, Mountain, Midwest, South Central and South Atlantic regions. We have a significant presence in Texas with factories in the cities of Austin, Ft. Worth, Seguin and Waco. Further, of our 45 company-owned sales centers, 32 are located in Texas.
Loan contracts secured by collateral that is geographically concentrated could experience higher rates of delinquencies, default and foreclosure losses than loan contracts secured by collateral that is more geographically dispersed. CountryPlace has loan contracts secured by factory-built homes located in 29 states, including Texas, Florida, New Mexico, Arizona and Alabama.
Standard Casualty and Standard Insurance Agency specialize in the manufactured housing industry, primarily serving the Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Georgia markets.
A decline in the economic conditions in Texas, California, Florida, Arizona Oregon and/or Kentucky could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our results of operations can be adversely affected by labor shortages and the pricing and availability of raw materials
The homebuilding industry has from time to time experienced labor shortages and other labor related issues. A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to us and our subcontractors in one or more of our markets including high employment levels, construction market conditions and government regulation, which include laws and regulations related to workers’ health and safety, wage and hour practices and immigration. An overall labor shortage or a lack of skilled or unskilled labor could cause significant increases in costs or delays in construction of homes, which could have a material adverse effect upon our revenue and results of operations.
Our results of operations can be affected by the pricing and availability of raw materials. Although we attempt to increase the sales prices of our homes in response to higher materials costs, such increases may lag behind the escalation of materials costs. Sudden increases in price and lack of availability of raw materials can be caused by natural disaster or other market forces, as has occurred in recent years. Although we have not experienced any production halts, severe or prolonged shortages of some of our most important building materials, which include wood and wood products, gypsum wallboard, steel, insulation, and other petroleum-based products, have occurred. There can be no assurance that sufficient supplies of these and other raw materials will continue to be available to us.
21
If the manufactured housing industry is not able to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, our revenue could decline and our business could be adversely affected
Manufactured housing communities and individual home placements are subject to local zoning ordinances and other local regulations relating to utility service and construction of roadways. In the past, property owners often have resisted the adoption of zoning ordinances permitting the location of manufactured homes in residential areas, which we believe has restricted the growth of the industry. Manufactured homes may not achieve widespread acceptance and localities may not adopt zoning ordinances permitting the development of manufactured home communities. If the manufactured housing industry is unable to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, our revenue could decline and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
The loss of any of our executive officers could reduce our ability to execute our business strategy and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations
We are dependent to a significant extent upon the efforts of our executive officers. The loss of the services of one or more of our executive officers could impair our ability to execute our business strategy and have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations. We currently have no key person life or other insurance for our executive officers.
Certain provisions of our organizational documents could delay or make more difficult a change in control of our Company
Certain provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws could delay or make more difficult transactions involving a change of control of our Company, and may have the effect of entrenching our current management or possibly depressing the market price of our common stock. For example, our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws authorize blank series preferred stock, establish a staggered board of directors and impose certain procedural and other requirements for stockholder proposals. Furthermore, the fact that income taxes could be imposed as a result of ownership changes occurring in conjunction with a distribution may have the effect of delaying or making more difficult certain transactions involving a change of control of our Company.
Volatility of stock price
The price of our common stock may fluctuate widely, depending upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include: the perceived prospects of our business and the manufactured housing industry as a whole; differences between our actual financial and operating results and those expected by investors and analysts; changes in analysts' recommendations or projections; changes affecting the availability of financing in the wholesale and consumer lending markets; actions or announcements by competitors; changes in the regulatory environment in which we operate; significant sales of shares by a principal stockholder; actions taken by stockholders that may be contrary to Board of Director recommendations; and changes in general economic or market conditions. In addition, stock markets generally experience significant price and volume volatility from time to time which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock for reasons unrelated to our performance.
Deterioration in economic conditions and turmoil in financial markets could reduce our earnings and financial condition
Deterioration in regional or global economic conditions and turmoil in financial markets could have a negative impact on our business. Among other things, unfavorable changes in employment levels, job growth, consumer confidence and income, inflation, deflation, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates may further reduce demand for our products, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Unprecedented contraction in the credit markets and the financial services industry have occurred in recent years, characterized by the bankruptcy, failure or consolidation of various financial institutions and extraordinary intervention from the federal government. These factors could have an adverse effect on the availability of financing to our customers, causing our revenues to decline.
22
The cost of operations could be adversely impacted by increased costs of healthcare benefits provided to employees
In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, the "Health Reform Law"), was passed into law. As enacted, the Health Reform Law reforms, among other things, certain aspects of health insurance. The Health Reform Law could increase our healthcare costs, adversely impacting the Company’s earnings.
A prolonged delay by Congress and the President to approve budgets or continuing appropriation resolutions to facilitate the operations of the federal government could delay the completion of home sales and/or cause cancellations, and thereby negatively impact our deliveries and revenues
Congress and the President may not timely approve budgets or appropriation legislation to facilitate the operations of the federal government. As a result, many federal agencies have historically and may again cease or curtail some activities. The affected activities include Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") verification of loan applicants’ tax return information and approvals by the FHA and other government agencies to fund or insure mortgage loans under programs that these agencies operate. As a number of our home buyers use these programs to obtain financing to purchase our homes, and many lenders, including CountryPlace, require ongoing coordination with these and other governmental entities to originate home loans, a prolonged delay in the performance of their activities could prevent prospective qualified buyers of our homes from obtaining the loans they need to complete such purchases, which could lead to delays or cancellations of home sales. These and other affected governmental bodies could cause interruptions in various aspects of our business and investments. Depending on the length of disruption, such factors could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Information technology failures or data security breaches could harm our business
We use information technology and other computer resources to carry out important operational activities and to maintain our business records. Our computer systems, including our back-up systems, are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches (through cyber-attacks from computer hackers and sophisticated organizations), catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes and hurricanes and human error. Given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of information technology disruptions, if our computer systems and our backup systems are damaged, breached, or cease to function properly, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information (including information about our home buyers and business partners), destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems and networks or financial losses from remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, competitive position, financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to extensive regulation affecting the production and sale of manufactured housing, which could adversely affect our profitability.
We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations affecting the production and sale of manufactured housing. Please refer to the section above under the heading "Government Regulation" for a description of many of these laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with such laws and regulations could expose us to a wide variety of sanctions, including closing one or more manufacturing facilities. Regulatory matters affecting our operations are under regular review by governmental bodies and we cannot predict what effect, if any, new laws and regulations would have on us or the manufactured housing industry. Failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations or the passage in the future of new and more stringent laws, may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report includes "forward-looking statements," within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In general, all statements included or incorporated in this Annual Report that are not historical in nature are forward-looking. These may include statements about our plans, strategies and prospects under the headings "Business," and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Forward-looking statements are often characterized by the use of words such as "believes," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "may," "will," "intends," "plans," or "anticipates," or by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements are typically included, for example, in discussions regarding the manufactured housing and site-built housing industries; our financial performance and operating results; and the expected effect of certain risks and uncertainties on our business, financial condition and results of operations, economic conditions and consumer confidence, our operational and legal risks, how we may be affected by governmental regulations and legal proceedings, the expected effect of certain risks and uncertainties on our business, the availability of favorable consumer and wholesale manufactured home financing, market interest rates and our investments, and the ultimate outcome of our commitments and contingencies.
All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. As a result, our actual results or performance may differ materially from anticipated results or performance. Also, forward-looking statements are based upon management's estimates of fair values and of future costs, using currently available information. Therefore, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in those statements. Factors that could cause such differences to occur include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A, "Risk Factors," and elsewhere in this Annual Report. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. For all of these reasons, you should not place any reliance on any such forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our core properties:
Location | Date of Commencement of Operations | Owned / Leased | Square Feet | ||||
Active manufacturing facilities: | |||||||
Millersburg, Oregon | 1995 | Owned | 169,000 | ||||
Woodburn, Oregon | 1976 | Owned | 221,000 | ||||
Nampa, Idaho | 1957 | Owned | 171,000 | ||||
Riverside, California | 1960 | Owned | 107,000 | ||||
Goodyear, Arizona | 1993 | Leased | 250,000 | ||||
Phoenix, Arizona | 1978 | Owned | 79,000 | ||||
Austin, Texas | 1981 | Owned | 104,000 | ||||
Fort Worth, Texas | 1993 | Owned | 121,000 | ||||
Seguin, Texas | 2006 | Owned | 129,000 | ||||
Waco, Texas | 1971 | Owned | 132,000 | ||||
Montevideo, Minnesota (Plant 1) | 1982 | Leased | 264,000 | ||||
Montevideo, Minnesota (Plant 2) | 1982 | Leased | 41,000 | ||||
Nappanee, Indiana (1) | 1971 | Owned | 341,000 | ||||
Lafayette, Tennessee | 1996 | Owned | 149,000 | ||||
Martinsville, Virginia | 1969 | Owned | 132,000 | ||||
Rocky Mount, Virginia | 1995 | Owned | 137,000 | ||||
Douglas, Georgia | 1988 | Owned | 142,000 | ||||
Ocala, Florida | 1984 | Leased | 91,000 | ||||
Plant City, Florida | 1981 | Owned | 87,000 | ||||
Component and supply facilities: | |||||||
Martinsville, Virginia | 1972 | Owned | 148,000 | ||||
Nappanee, Indiana | 1971 | Leased | 77,000 | ||||
Inactive manufacturing facilities: | |||||||
Austin, Texas | Owned | 77,000 | |||||
Martinsville, Virginia | Owned | 44,000 | |||||
Plant City, Florida | Owned | 94,000 | |||||
Administrative and other locations: | |||||||
Phoenix, Arizona | Leased | 11,000 | |||||
Addison, Texas | Leased | 24,000 | |||||
New Braunfels, Texas | Owned | 9,000 | |||||
Nappanee, Indiana | Leased | 18,000 | |||||
(1)This facility was purchased by the Company during fiscal year 2016.
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We own the land on which the manufacturing facilities are located, except for the Goodyear, Arizona plant, which is currently leased through June 30, 2021 with options to extend; the Ocala, Florida plant, which is currently leased through March 30, 2017 with options to extend; and the Montevideo, Minnesota plants, which are leased through April 20, 2020. We also own substantially all of the machinery and equipment used at these factories. We believe that these facilities are adequately maintained and suitable for the purposes for which they are used. In addition to our production facilities, we own an office building and land in New Braunfels, Texas, which houses Standard Casualty's operations, as well as ten properties upon which six of our active retail centers are located. The remaining active sales centers and a claims office are leased under operating leases with lease terms generally ranging from monthly to five years. Our Company-owned retail centers generally range in sizes up to nine acres. We lease office space in Addison, Texas for CountryPlace operations and Palm Harbor administrative support services, pursuant to a lease that expires in 2018. Our Phoenix, Arizona corporate headquarters lease was extended for a period of five years, commencing in February 2013 and expiring in January 2018. The Company has the right to terminate the lease prior to the expiration of the five year term, effective as of any date after January 31, 2016. The Company also leases an administrative office and supply facility in Nappanee, Indiana, expiring in July 2017 with options to extend.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are party to certain legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course and are incidental to our business. Certain of the claims pending against us in these proceedings allege, among other things, breach of contract, breach of express and implied warranties, construction defects, deceptive trade practices, unfair insurance practices, product liability and personal injury. Although litigation is inherently uncertain, based on past experience and the information currently available, management does not believe that the currently pending and threatened litigation or claims will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations. However, future events or circumstances, currently unknown to management, will determine whether the resolution of pending or threatened litigation or claims will ultimately have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations in any future reporting periods.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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SUPPLEMENTAL ITEM: EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT (See Item 10 of Part III of this Report)
The following is a listing of our executive officers as of June 21, 2016, as such term is defined under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Officers are generally elected by the Board of Directors at its meeting immediately following our annual stockholders’ meeting, with each officer serving until a successor has been elected and qualified. There is no family relationship between these officers.
Name | Age | Positions with Cavco or Business Experience | ||
Joseph H. Stegmayer | 65 | Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer since March 2001; Director and Officer of certain of Cavco's major subsidiaries, including Palm Harbor Homes, Inc. and Fleetwood Homes, Inc; President of Centex Manufactured Housing Group, LLC from September 2000 to June 2003; President - Retail Operations and Chief Financial Officer of Champion Enterprises, Inc. from January 1998 to September 2000; President, Vice Chairman and Chairman of the Executive Committee of Clayton Homes, Inc. from 1993 to January 1998 | ||
Daniel L. Urness | 48 | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2006; Director and Officer of certain of Cavco's major subsidiaries, including Palm Harbor Homes, Inc. and Fleetwood Homes, Inc; Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company from August 2005 to January 2006; Corporate Controller from May 2005 to August 2005; Financial Consultant from June 2002 to May 2005; Controller from May 1999 to June 2002; Manager and staff with Deloitte & Touche, LLP from September 1993 to May 1999 | ||
Charles E. Lott | 68 | President of Fleetwood Homes, Inc. since August 2009; President and Vice President - Housing Group of Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc. from April 2005 to August 2009; Mr. Lott has worked for Fleetwood Enterprises and subsequently Fleetwood Homes for all but six years of his over 40-year career in the manufactured housing industry | ||
Steven K. Like | 59 | Senior Vice President since February 2009; Director of Standard Casualty Company and affiliated agencies and Officer of certain of Cavco's subsidiaries; Executive Vice President and General Counsel- Patriot Homes from 1995 to February 2009; Partner at Warrick & Boyn, LLP from 1981-1995 | ||
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market ("Nasdaq") under the symbol CVCO. The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, the reported high and low sale prices per share on the Nasdaq for the Company's common stock.
Sales Price | |||||||
High | Low | ||||||
Year ended April 2, 2016 | |||||||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 95.25 | $ | 70.28 | |||
Third Quarter | 106.55 | 66.71 | |||||
Second Quarter | 78.28 | 66.22 | |||||
First Quarter | 78.75 | 64.54 | |||||
Year ended March 28, 2015 | |||||||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 81.89 | $ | 67.32 | |||
Third Quarter | 82.32 | 62.08 | |||||
Second Quarter | 87.90 | 65.29 | |||||
First Quarter | 85.45 | 72.03 | |||||
As of June 6, 2016, the Company had 743 stockholders of record and approximately 7,900 beneficial holders of its common stock, based upon information in securities position listings by registered clearing agencies upon request of the Company's transfer agent.
In the past two fiscal years, we have not paid any dividends on our common stock. The payment of dividends to our stockholders is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and various factors may prevent us from paying dividends. Such factors include our cash requirements and liquidity and the requirements of state corporate and other laws.
Equity Compensation Plan Table
Information concerning equity compensation plans is included in Part III, Item 12, "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters" in this Annual Report.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In 2008, we announced a stock repurchase program. A total of $10.0 million may be used to repurchase our outstanding common stock. The repurchases may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The level of repurchase activity is subject to market conditions and other investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The repurchase program will be funded using our available cash. No repurchases have been made under this program to date.
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Performance Graph
The following graph compares the yearly change in the cumulative total stockholder return on Cavco common stock during the five fiscal years ended April 2, 2016 with that of the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq US Small Cap Home Construction Index. The comparison assumes $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) was invested on March 31, 2011 in Cavco common stock and in each of the foregoing indices.
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
3/31/2011 | 3/31/2012 | 3/30/2013 | 3/29/2014 | 3/28/2015 | 4/2/2016 | |||||||||||||
Cavco Industries, Inc. | $ | 100 | $ | 103 | $ | 105 | $ | 174 | $ | 166 | $ | 206 | ||||||
Nasdaq Composite Index | $ | 100 | $ | 111 | $ | 117 | $ | 149 | $ | 176 | $ | 177 | ||||||
Nasdaq US Small Cap Home Construction Index | $ | 100 | $ | 105 | $ | 190 | $ | 175 | $ | 178 | $ | 140 | ||||||
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents selected consolidated financial data regarding Cavco for the fiscal years indicated. The data set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the information presented in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||||
April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | March 29, 2014 | March 30, 2013 | March 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||
Income Statement Data: | |||||||||||||||||||
Net revenue | $ | 712,352 | $ | 566,659 | $ | 533,339 | $ | 452,300 | $ | 443,066 | |||||||||
Cost of sales | 567,907 | 440,523 | 413,856 | 351,945 | 347,121 | ||||||||||||||
Gross profit | 144,445 | 126,136 | 119,483 | 100,355 | 95,945 | ||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 98,103 | 87,659 | 87,938 | 79,313 | 79,800 | ||||||||||||||
Income from operations | 46,342 | 38,477 | 31,545 | 21,042 | 16,145 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (4,363 | ) | (4,587 | ) | (4,845 | ) | (5,973 | ) | (7,265 | ) | |||||||||
Other income, net | 2,049 | 3,437 | 1,105 | 1,579 | 1,338 | ||||||||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase | — | — | — | — | 22,009 | ||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 44,028 | 37,327 | 27,805 | 16,648 | 32,227 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax expense | (15,487 | ) | (13,510 | ) | (9,099 | ) | (6,351 | ) | (2,499 | ) | |||||||||
Net income | 28,541 | 23,817 | 18,706 | 10,297 | 29,728 | ||||||||||||||
Less: net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | — | — | 2,468 | 5,334 | 14,491 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Cavco common stockholders | $ | 28,541 | $ | 23,817 | $ | 16,238 | $ | 4,963 | $ | 15,237 | |||||||||
Comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 28,541 | $ | 23,817 | $ | 18,706 | $ | 10,297 | $ | 29,728 | |||||||||
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax | 785 | 68 | 82 | 238 | 116 | ||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | 29,326 | 23,885 | 18,788 | 10,535 | 29,844 | ||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | — | — | 2,392 | 5,453 | 14,549 | ||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Cavco common stockholders | $ | 29,326 | $ | 23,885 | $ | 16,396 | $ | 5,082 | $ | 15,295 | |||||||||
Net income per share attributable to Cavco common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 3.21 | $ | 2.69 | $ | 1.97 | $ | 0.71 | $ | 2.22 | |||||||||
Diluted | $ | 3.15 | $ | 2.64 | $ | 1.94 | $ | 0.71 | $ | 2.19 | |||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 8,889,731 | 8,854,359 | 8,262,688 | 6,956,706 | 6,877,437 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted | 9,046,347 | 9,015,779 | 8,379,024 | 7,027,204 | 6,949,077 | ||||||||||||||
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April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | March 29, 2014 | March 31, 2013 | March 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 97,766 | $ | 96,597 | $ | 72,949 | $ | 47,823 | $ | 41,094 | |||||||||
Restricted cash, current | 10,218 | 9,997 | 7,213 | 6,773 | 6,331 | ||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | 29,113 | 26,994 | 20,766 | 18,710 | 14,871 | ||||||||||||||
Short-term investments | 10,140 | 7,106 | 8,289 | 6,929 | 5,377 | ||||||||||||||
Current portion of consumer loans receivable, net | 21,918 | 24,073 | 19,893 | 20,188 | 20,705 | ||||||||||||||
Current portion of commercial loans receivable, net | 3,557 | 2,330 | 2,941 | 3,983 | 1,982 | ||||||||||||||
Inventories | 94,813 | 75,334 | 69,729 | 68,805 | 62,246 | ||||||||||||||
Assets held for sale | — | — | 1,130 | 4,180 | 3,903 | ||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 22,196 | 14,460 | 12,623 | 10,267 | 7,848 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes, current | 8,998 | 8,573 | 12,313 | 6,724 | 6,657 | ||||||||||||||
Total current assets | 298,719 | 265,464 | 227,846 | 194,382 | 171,014 | ||||||||||||||
Restricted cash | 1,082 | 1,081 | 1,188 | 1,179 | 453 | ||||||||||||||
Investments | 28,948 | 24,813 | 17,165 | 10,769 | 8,825 | ||||||||||||||
Consumer loans receivable, net | 67,640 | 74,085 | 78,391 | 90,802 | 98,594 | ||||||||||||||
Commercial loans receivable, net | 21,985 | 15,751 | 18,367 | 18,967 | 22,699 | ||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 55,072 | 44,712 | 48,227 | 46,223 | 50,064 | ||||||||||||||
Goodwill and other intangibles, net | 80,389 | 76,676 | 78,055 | 79,435 | 80,915 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | — | — | — | 2,742 | 4,770 | ||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 553,835 | $ | 502,582 | $ | 469,239 | $ | 444,499 | $ | 437,334 | |||||||||
Total current liabilities | 125,089 | 101,471 | 98,993 | 87,005 | 85,505 | ||||||||||||||
Securitized financings and other | 54,909 | 60,370 | 59,865 | 72,118 | 80,747 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 20,611 | 20,587 | 19,948 | 16,492 | 16,198 | ||||||||||||||
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | 91,994 | 86,541 | ||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 353,226 | 320,154 | 290,433 | 176,890 | 168,343 | ||||||||||||||
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity | $ | 553,835 | $ | 502,582 | $ | 469,239 | $ | 444,499 | $ | 437,334 | |||||||||
The selected financial data set forth above includes the accounts of Cavco and its consolidated subsidiaries, CRG Holdings, LLC, and Fleetwood (Fleetwood includes Palm Harbor, Fairmont Homes, Chariot Eagle, CountryPlace, Standard Casualty, and their subsidiaries). Until July 22, 2013, the Company and its investment partners, Third Avenue Value Fund and an affiliate, jointly-owned Fleetwood Homes, Inc. Cavco and Third Avenue each owned 50 percent of Fleetwood, which has been operated by the Company since Fleetwood’s inception in 2009. Third Avenue’s financial interest in Fleetwood was reported as a "redeemable noncontrolling interest" in the Consolidated Financial Statements. As discussed in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, during the year ended March 29, 2014, Cavco completed the purchase from Third Avenue of all noncontrolling interests in Fleetwood and its subsidiaries. The acquisition closed on July 22, 2013, resulting in Cavco owning 100 percent of the Fleetwood businesses and entitling Cavco to all of the associated earnings from that date forward.
The selected financial data set forth above may not be indicative of our future performance.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Introduction
The following should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes that appear in Part IV of this Report. References to "Note" or "Notes" refer to the Notes to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Overview
Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, the Company designs and produces factory-built homes primarily distributed through a network of independent and Company-owned retailers. We are the second largest producer of manufactured homes in the United States, based on reported wholesale shipments, marketed under a variety of brand names, including Cavco Homes, Fleetwood Homes, Palm Harbor Homes, Fairmont Homes and Chariot Eagle. The Company is also a leading builder of park model RVs, vacation cabins and systems-built commercial structures, as well as modular homes built primarily under the Nationwide Homes brand. Cavco's mortgage subsidiary, CountryPlace, is an approved Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac seller/servicer, a Ginnie Mae mortgage backed securities issuer and offers conforming mortgages and chattel loans to purchasers of factory-built and site-built homes. Our insurance subsidiary, Standard Casualty, provides property and casualty insurance to owners of manufactured homes.
Company Growth
From its inception in 1965, Cavco has traditionally served affordable housing markets in the southwestern United States primarily through manufactured home production. During the period from 1997 to 2000, Cavco was purchased by and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Centex Corporation, which operated the Company until 2003, when Cavco became a stand-alone publicly-held Company traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol CVCO.
In 2009, the Company and an investment partner, Third Avenue Value Fund and an affiliate (collectively, "Third Avenue"), formed a jointly-owned corporation, Fleetwood Homes, Inc. ("Fleetwood"). Cavco and Third Avenue each owned 50 percent of Fleetwood, which has been operated by the Company since Fleetwood's inception. Third Avenue Management LLC is an investment adviser to Third Avenue Value Fund and is a related party to the Company, as described further in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Fleetwood acquired certain assets and liabilities of Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc. The assets acquired included, among other assets, seven operating homebuilding factories in seven states, which substantially expanded the organization's geographic presence and increased the diversity of products offered by the Company.
During fiscal year 2011, Fleetwood acquired certain manufactured housing assets and liabilities of Palm Harbor Homes, Inc., a Florida corporation. The assets acquired included five operating homebuilding factories in four states, 49 operating retail locations, a manufactured housing finance company and a homeowners insurance company.
Financial information for Fleetwood was historically included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes, as a result of Cavco's management control of Fleetwood. Third Avenue's financial interest in Fleetwood was considered a "redeemable noncontrolling interest," and was designated as such in the Consolidated Financial Statements (see Notes 1 and 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). On July 22, 2013, Cavco purchased all noncontrolling interests in Fleetwood pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement. As a result of the transaction, Cavco owns 100 percent of Fleetwood and the Fleetwood businesses (see Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Since the transaction closed, Cavco's ownership of 100% of its subsidiaries entitles the Company to all of the associated earnings.
On March 30, 2015, the Company purchased the business and operating assets of Chariot Eagle, a Florida-based manufacturer of park model RVs and manufactured homes. This transaction was accounted for as a business combination and is expected to expand the Company's offering of park model RV product lines and further strengthen our market position in the Southeastern United States.
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On May 1, 2015, Cavco acquired certain assets and liabilities of Fairmont Homes. Fairmont Homes, headquartered in Nappanee, Indiana, is a builder of manufactured and modular homes and park model RVs, with manufacturing plants in Indiana and Minnesota. This transaction was accounted for as a business combination and provides additional home production capabilities and increased distribution into new markets in the Midwest, the western Great Plains states, the Northeast and several provinces in Canada.
The Company operates 19 homebuilding facilities located in Millersburg and Woodburn, Oregon; Nampa, Idaho; Riverside, California; Phoenix and Goodyear, Arizona; Austin, Fort Worth, Seguin and Waco, Texas; Montevideo, Minnesota (2); Nappanee, Indiana; Lafayette, Tennessee; Martinsville and Rocky Mount, Virginia; Douglas, Georgia; Plant City and Ocala, Florida. The majority of the homes produced are sold to and distributed by independently owned retailers located primarily throughout the United States and Canada. In addition, our homes are sold through 45 Company-owned U.S. retail locations.
We continually review our product offerings throughout the combined organization and strive to improve product designs, production methods and marketing strategies. The supportive market response to the past and recent acquisitions has been encouraging and we believe that these expansions provide positive long-term strategic benefits for the Company. We plan to focus on developing synergies among all operations, which continue to have organic growth potential.
Industry and Company Outlook
According to data reported by the MHI, during calendar year 2015, our industry shipped approximately 71,000 HUD code manufactured homes. This followed approximately 64,000 homes shipped in 2014, 60,000 in 2013, 55,000 in 2012 and 52,000 shipped in calendar year 2011, the lowest levels since shipment statistics began to be recorded in 1959. Annual home shipments from 2004 to 2015 were less than the annual home shipments for each of the 40 years from 1963 to 2002. For the past 10 and 20-year periods, annual home shipments averaged 70,000 and 158,000, respectively. While industry HUD code manufactured home shipments improved modestly during recent years, the manufactured housing industry is operating at relatively low production and shipment levels.
Economic challenges in recent years continue to hinder annual industry and Company home sales. We believe that low post-recession employment rates and underemployment among potential home buyers who favor affordable housing as well as low post-recession consumer confidence levels are two of the most significant impediments. "First-time" and "move-up" buyers of affordable homes are historically among the largest segments of new manufactured home purchasers. Included in this group are lower-income households that were particularly affected by a period of persistently low employment rates and underemployment. Following such challenges, the process of repairing damaged credit among such consumers and efforts to save for a home loan down-payment often require substantial time. Low consumer confidence in the U.S. economy has been evident among manufactured home buyers interested in our products for seasonal or retirement living, as they have been concerned about financial stability, and, therefore, have been hesitant to commit to a new home purchase. We believe sales of our products may increase as employment and consumer confidence levels continue to improve.
The two largest manufactured housing consumer demographics, young adults and those who are 55+ years old, are both growing. The U.S. adult population is estimated to expand by approximately 11.8 million between 2016 and 2021. Young adults born from 1976 to 1995, sometimes referred to as Gen Y, represent a large segment of the population. Late-stage Gen Y is approximately 2 million people larger than the next age category born from 1966 to 1975, Gen X, and is considered to be in the peak home-buying years. Gen Y represents prime first-time home buyers who may be attracted by the affordability, diversity of style choices and location flexibility of factory-built homes. The age 55 and older category is reported to be the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. This group is similarly interested in the value proposition; however, they are also motivated by the energy efficiency and low maintenance requirements of systems-built homes, and by the lifestyle offered by planned communities that are specifically designed for homeowners that fall into this age group.
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Consumer financing for the retail purchase of manufactured homes needs to become generally more available before marked emergence from current low home shipment levels can occur. Restrictive underwriting guidelines, irregular and onerous appraisal requirements, higher interest rates compared to site-built homes, regulatory burdens, a reduced number of institutions lending to manufactured home buyers and limited secondary market availability for manufactured home loans are significant restraints to industry growth. We are working directly with other industry participants to develop manufactured home consumer financing models that may better attract industry financiers interested in furthering or expanding lending opportunities in the industry. We have invested in community-based lending initiatives that provide home-only financing to residents of certain manufactured home communities. We are also working through industry trade associations to encourage favorable legislative and GSE action to address the mortgage financing needs of potential buyers of affordable homes. Only limited progress has been made in this area and meaningful positive impact in the form of increased home orders has yet to be realized. See "Regulatory Developments" below.
While home sales activity appear to be showing signs of improvement, the current lending environment that favors site-built housing and more affluent home buyers has not provided improved capabilities for affordable-home buyers to facilitate a new home purchase. In addition, the contingency contract process, wherein potential manufactured home buyers must sell their existing home in order to facilitate the purchase of a new factory-built home continues to be somewhat impeded.
Based on the relatively low cost associated with manufactured home ownership, our products have traditionally competed with rental housing's monthly payment affordability. Rental housing activity is reported to have increased in recent years. As a result, tenant housing vacancy rates appear to have declined, causing a corresponding rise in associated rental rates. These rental market factors may cause some renters to become interested buyers of affordable-housing alternatives, including manufactured homes.
Further, with respect to the general rise in demand for rental housing, we have realized a larger proportion of orders from developers and community owners for new manufactured homes intended for use as rental housing. The Company is responsive to the unique product and related requirements of these home buyers and values the opportunity to provide homes that are well suited for these purposes.
The backlog of sales orders at April 2, 2016 varied among our factories, but in total was $47.9 million, or approximately four weeks of current production levels, compared to $47.4 million at March 28, 2015. The Company's capacity utilization rate was approximately 60% during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016, versus 55% during the same quarter last year. Retailers may cancel orders prior to production without penalty. Accordingly, until the production of a particular home has commenced, we do not consider our order backlog to be firm orders.
The availability of inventory financing for the industry’s wholesale distribution chain continues to improve. Faced with illiquid capital markets in late calendar year 2008, each of the manufactured housing sector’s remaining inventory finance companies (floor plan lenders) initiated significant changes and some ceased lending activities in the industry entirely. Other finance programs are subject to more restrictive terms that continue to evolve and in some cases require the financial involvement of the Company. As a result, the Company entered into certain commercial loan programs whereby the Company provides a significant amount of the funds that independent financiers then lend to distributors to finance retail inventories of our products. In addition, the Company has entered into direct commercial loan arrangements with distributors, communities and developers under which the Company provides funds for financing homes (see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The Company’s involvement in commercial loans has increased the availability of manufactured home financing to distributors and users of our products. We believe that our participation in wholesale financing is helpful to retailers, communities and developers and allows our homes continued exposure to potential home buyers. These initiatives support the Company’s ongoing efforts to expand our distribution base in all of our markets with existing and new customers. However, the initiatives expose the Company to risks associated with the creditworthiness of certain customers and business partners, including independent retailers, developers, communities and inventory financing partners, many of whom may be adversely affected by the volatile conditions in the economy and financial markets.
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With manufacturing facilities strategically positioned across the United States, we utilize local market research to design homes to meet the demands of our customers. We have the ability to customize floor plans and designs to fulfill specific needs and interests. By offering a full range of homes from entry-level models to large custom homes with the ability to engineer designs in-house, we can accommodate virtually any customer request. In addition to homes built to the federal HUD code, we construct modular homes that conform to state and local codes, park models and cabins and light commercial buildings at many of our manufacturing facilities.
We employ a concerted effort to identify niche market opportunities where our diverse product lines and custom building capabilities provide us with a competitive advantage. Our green building initiatives involve the creation of an energy efficient envelope, including higher utilization of renewable materials. These homes provide environmentally-friendly maintenance requirements, typically lower utility costs, specially designed ventilation systems and sustainability. Cavco also builds homes designed to use alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind. Building green may significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions without sacrificing features, style or comfort. From bamboo flooring and tankless water heaters to solar-powered homes, our products are diverse and tailored to a wide range of consumer interests. Innovation in housing design is a forte of the Company and we continue to introduce new models at competitive price points with expressive interiors and exteriors that complement home styles in the areas in which they are located.
We maintain a conservative cost structure, which enables us to build added value into our homes. We have placed a consistent focus on developing synergies among all operations. In addition, the Company has worked diligently to maintain a solid financial position. Our balance sheet strength and position in cash and cash equivalents should help us to avoid liquidity problems and enable us to act effectively as market opportunities present themselves.
We were named the 2016 Manufacturer of the Year by the members of MHI, the factory-built home industry's national trade organization, for the seventh consecutive year. We also received several product and interior design awards from MHI.
In 2008, we announced a stock repurchase program under which a total of $10.0 million may be used to repurchase our outstanding common stock. The repurchases may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The level of repurchase activity is subject to market conditions and other investment opportunities. The plan does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The repurchase program will be funded using our available cash. No repurchases have been made under this program to date.
Regulatory Developments
In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act was passed into law. The Dodd-Frank Act is a sweeping piece of legislation and the financial services industry continues to assess its implications and implement necessary changes in procedures and business practices. The Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB to regulate consumer financial products and services. Although Congress detailed significant changes, and many new rules have been implemented, the full impact will not be known for years as the development of additional rules continue, and Congress considers amending part of the Act. Enforcement actions are in the early stages and the effects of possible litigation related to the regulations remains unknown.
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In 2014, certain CFPB mortgage finance rules required under the Dodd-Frank Act became effective. The rules apply to consumer credit transactions secured by a dwelling, which include real property mortgages and chattel loans (financed without land) secured by manufactured homes. The rules defined standards for origination of "Qualified Mortgages," established specific requirements for lenders to prove borrowers' ability to repay loans and outlined the conditions under which Qualified Mortgages are subject to safe harbor limitations on liability to borrowers. The rules also established interest rates and other cost parameters for determining which Qualified Mortgages fall under safe harbor protection. Among other issues, Qualified Mortgages with interest rates and other costs outside the limits are deemed "rebuttable" by borrowers and expose the lender and its assignees (including investors in loans, pools of loans, and instruments secured by loans or loan pools) to possible litigation and penalties.
While many manufactured homes are currently financed with agency-conforming mortgages in which the ability to repay is verified, and interest rates and other costs are within the safe harbor limits established under the CFPB mortgage finance rules, certain loans to finance the purchase of manufactured homes, especially chattel loans and non-conforming land-home loans, may fall outside the safe harbor limits. The rules have caused some lenders to curtail underwriting such loans, and some investors are reluctant to own or participate in owning such loans because of the uncertainty of potential litigation and other costs. If so, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure the financing necessary to complete purchases. In addition, compliance with the law and ongoing rule implementation has caused lenders to incur additional costs to implement new processes, procedures, controls and infrastructure required to comply with the regulations. Compliance may constrain lenders' ability to profitably price certain loans. Failure to comply with these regulations, changes in these or other regulations, or the imposition of additional regulations, could affect our earnings, limit our access to capital and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The CFPB rules amending the TILA and RESPA expand the types of mortgage loans that are subject to the protections of the HOEPA, revise and expand the tests for coverage under HOEPA, and impose additional restrictions on mortgages that are covered by HOEPA. As a result, certain manufactured home loans are now subject to HOEPA limits on interest rates and fees. Loans with rates or fees in excess of the limits are deemed High Cost Mortgages and provide additional protections for borrowers, including with respect to determining the value of the home. Most loans for the purchase of manufactured homes have been written at rates and fees that would not appear to be considered High Cost Mortgages under the new rule. Although some lenders may continue to offer loans that are now deemed High Cost Mortgages, the rate and fee limits appear to have deterred some lenders from offering loans to certain borrowers and may continue to make them reluctant to enter into loans subject to the provisions of HOEPA. As a result, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure financing necessary to complete manufactured home purchases.
The Dodd-Frank Act amended provisions of TILA to require rules for appraisals on principal residences securing HPMLs. Certain loans secured by manufactured homes, primarily chattel loans, could be considered HPMLs. Among other things, the rule requires creditors to provide copies of appraisal reports to borrowers prior to loan closing. To implement these amendments, the CFPB adopted the HPML Appraisal Rule effective December 30, 2014 and loans secured by new manufactured homes were exempt from the rule until July 18, 2015. While effects of these new requirements are not fully known, some prospective home buyers may be deterred from completing a manufactured home purchase as a result of appraised values.
The Dodd-Frank Act also required integrating disclosures provided by lenders to borrowers under TILA and RESPA. The final rule became effective October 3, 2015. The TRID mandated extensive changes to the mortgage loan closing process and necessitated significant changes to mortgage origination systems. Since its implementation, technical ambiguities in the rule have resulted in lender and investor uncertainty regarding acceptable cures and tolerances for disclosure and estimate errors. It is not yet fully known how the GSEs and HUD will view TRID compliance, how they will apply their own interpretations of TRID to their repurchase and claims review processes, or how the market for private-label securitizations may be impacted.
The American Housing Rescue and Foreclosure Prevention Act was enacted in 2008 to provide assistance by way of legislation for the housing industry, including manufactured homes. Among other things, the act provided for increased loan limits for chattel (home-only Title I) loans to $69,678, up 43% from the previous limit of $48,600 set
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in 1992. New FHA Title I program guidelines became effective on June 1, 2010 and provide Ginnie Mae the ability to securitize manufactured home FHA Title I loans. These guidelines were intended to allow lenders to obtain new capital, which can then be used to fund new loans for our customers. Chattel loans have languished for several years and these changes were meant to broaden chattel financing availability for prospective homeowners. However, we are aware of only a small number of loans currently being securitized under the Ginnie Mae program.
The SAFE Act established requirements for the licensing and registration of all individuals that are MLOs. MLOs must be registered or licensed by the states. Traditionally, manufactured housing retailers have assisted home buyers with securing financing for the purchase of homes. This assistance may have included assisting with loan applications and presenting terms of loans. Under the SAFE Act, these activities are prohibited unless performed by a registered or licensed MLO. Although the definition of an MLO contains exemptions for administrative and other specific functions and industries, manufactured housing retailers are no longer able to negotiate rates and terms for loans unless they are licensed as MLOs. Compliance may have required manufactured housing retailers to become licensed lenders and employ MLOs, or alter business practices related to assisting home buyers in securing financing. This may have resulted in increased costs for retailers who elect to employ MLOs, penalties assessed against or litigation costs incurred by retailers found to be in violation, reduced home sales from home buyers’ inability to secure financing without retailer assistance, or increased costs to home buyers or reduced transaction profitability for retailers as a result of the additional cost of mandatory MLO involvement.
If passed by Congress and signed into law, the proposed Preserving Access to Manufactured Housing Act (Senate Bill 682 and House of Representatives Bill 650) would amend some Dodd-Frank Act provisions that affect manufactured housing financing. The bill would revise the triggers by which small-sized manufactured home loans are considered "High-Cost" under HOEPA and clarify the MLO licensing requirements for manufactured home retailers and their employees.
Our sale of insurance products is subject to various state insurance laws and regulations which govern allowable charges and other insurance practices. Standard Casualty’s insurance operations are regulated by the state insurance boards where it underwrites its policies. Underwriting, premiums, investments and capital reserves (including dividend payments to stockholders) are subject to the rules and regulations of these state agencies.
In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act ("Health Reform Law"), was passed into law. As enacted, the Health Reform Law reforms, among other things, certain aspects of health insurance. The Health Reform Law may continue to increase our healthcare costs, adversely impacting the Company's earnings.
Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations, and violations may result in the payment of fines, the entry of injunctions or both. Although we believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations, these requirements have generally become more strict in recent years. Accordingly, we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance with all applicable laws and enforcement policies.
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Results of Operations
Fiscal Year 2016 Compared to Fiscal Year 2015
Net Revenue. The following table summarizes net revenue for fiscal years 2016 and 2015.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Net revenue: | ||||||||||||||
Factory-built housing | $ | 655,148 | $ | 513,707 | $ | 141,441 | 27.5 | % | ||||||
Financial services | 57,204 | 52,952 | 4,252 | 8.0 | % | |||||||||
$ | 712,352 | $ | 566,659 | $ | 145,693 | 25.7 | % | |||||||
Total homes sold | 12,339 | 9,999 | 2,340 | 23.4 | % | |||||||||
Net factory-built housing revenue per home sold | $ | 53,096 | $ | 51,376 | $ | 1,720 | 3.3 | % | ||||||
Factory-built housing segment revenue increased, primarily from businesses acquired during the first quarter of fiscal year 2016, while the remainder of the increase was from sales growth at the Company's pre-existing factory-built housing operations.
Financial services segment revenue increased, resulting from 11.8% more insurance policies in force in the current year compared to the prior year as well as an increase of 4.3% in the number of home loans serviced for others, year over year. Financial services segment revenue is partially offset by lower interest income earned on securitized loan portfolios that continue to amortize.
Net revenue per home is a volatile metric dependent upon several factors. A primary factor is the price disparity between sales of homes to independent retailers, builders, communities and developers ("Wholesale") and sales of homes to consumers by Company-owned retail centers ("Retail"). Wholesale sales prices are primarily comprised of the home and the cost to ship the home from a homebuilding facility to the home-site. Retail home prices include these items and retail markup, as well as items that are largely subject to home buyer discretion, including, but not limited to, land, installation, utilities, site improvements, landscaping and additional services. Changes to the proportion of home sales among these distribution channels between reporting periods impacts the overall net revenue per home sold. Further, fluctuations in the net revenue per home sold are the result of changes in product mix, which results from home buyer tastes and preferences as they select home types/models, as well as optional home upgrades when purchasing the home. These selections vary regularly based on consumer interests, local housing preferences and economic circumstances. Our product prices are also periodically adjusted for the cost and availability of raw materials included in and labor used to produce each home. For these reasons, we have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, volatility in overall net revenue per home sold.
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Gross Profit. The following table summarizes gross profit for fiscal years 2016 and 2015.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Gross profit: | ||||||||||||||
Factory-built housing | $ | 116,896 | $ | 94,697 | $ | 22,199 | 23.4 | % | ||||||
Financial services | 27,549 | 31,439 | (3,890 | ) | (12.4 | )% | ||||||||
$ | 144,445 | $ | 126,136 | $ | 18,309 | 14.5 | % | |||||||
Gross profit as % of Net revenue: | 20.3 | % | 22.3 | % | N/A | (2.0 | )% | |||||||
The increase in factory-built housing gross profit is primarily from higher home sales volume pertaining to businesses acquired during the first quarter of fiscal year 2016, while the remainder of the increase was from sales growth at the Company's pre-existing factory-built housing operations.
Gross profit decreased for financial services mainly from higher insurance claim losses and lower interest income earned on securitized loan portfolios that continue to amortize, partially offset by gross profit earned on increased insurance policies in force and higher loan servicing volume. Higher insurance claims losses included record setting storms in Texas during fiscal 2016. While claims activity typically spikes in April and May each year, a prime season for storm activity in the area, the severity of the hail and wind storms and the damage to insured homes were considerably greater than during the same period last year. Losses on these catastrophic events were somewhat mitigated by reinsurance contracts in place.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. The following table summarizes Selling, General and Administrative Expenses for fiscal years 2016 and 2015.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses: | ||||||||||||||
Factory-built housing | $ | 83,335 | $ | 73,169 | $ | 10,166 | 13.9 | % | ||||||
Financial services | 14,768 | 14,490 | 278 | 1.9 | % | |||||||||
$ | 98,103 | $ | 87,659 | $ | 10,444 | 11.9 | % | |||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses as % of Net revenue: | 13.8 | % | 15.5 | % | N/A | (1.7 | )% | |||||||
Factory-built housing selling, general and administrative expenses increased from the addition of the Fairmont Homes and Chariot Eagle factories acquired during the first quarter of the fiscal year 2016 and increased incentive compensation from increased home sales overall.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for financial services remained relatively consistent from ongoing operating stability.
As a percentage of net revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from increased utilization on higher net revenue from recently acquired businesses and pre-existing operations.
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Interest Expense. The following table summarizes Interest Expense for fiscal years 2016 and 2015.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | $ | 4,363 | $ | 4,587 | $ | (224 | ) | (4.9 | )% | |||||
Interest expense, consists primarily of debt service on securitization financings connected to the CountryPlace securitized manufactured home loan portfolios. Interest expense also includes interest related to the capital lease of certain manufacturing facilities and land from the Fairmont acquisition. The decrease is mainly from continued principal reductions of the securitization financings, partially offset by capital lease related interest.
Other Income, net. The following table summarizes Other Income, net for fiscal years 2016 and 2015.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | $ | 2,049 | $ | 3,437 | $ | (1,388 | ) | (40.4 | )% | |||||
The majority of Other income, net, is attributable to interest income earned on commercial loans receivable in the factory built housing segment. Other income also includes periodic gains, losses or impairment on property, plant and equipment, including assets held for sale or sold. During the year ended March 28, 2015, the Company sold inactive manufacturing facilities in Albemarle, North Carolina and Woodland, California and two idle retail locations for a combined net gain of $1.4 million.
Income Before Income Taxes. The following table summarizes Income Before Income Taxes for fiscal years 2016 and 2015.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes: | ||||||||||||||
Factory-built housing | $ | 35,440 | $ | 25,133 | $ | 10,307 | 41.0 | % | ||||||
Financial services | 8,588 | 12,194 | (3,606 | ) | (29.6 | )% | ||||||||
$ | 44,028 | $ | 37,327 | $ | 6,701 | 18.0 | % | |||||||
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Fiscal Year 2015 Compared to Fiscal Year 2014
Net Revenue. The following table summarizes net revenue for fiscal years 2015 and 2014.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
March 28, 2015 | March 29, 2014 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Net revenue: | ||||||||||||||
Factory-built housing | $ | 513,707 | $ | 485,897 | $ | 27,810 | 5.7 | % | ||||||
Financial services | 52,952 | 47,442 | 5,510 | 11.6 | % | |||||||||
$ | 566,659 | $ | 533,339 | $ | 33,320 | 6.2 | % | |||||||
Total homes sold | 9,999 | 9,537 | 462 | 4.8 | % | |||||||||
Net revenue per home sold | $ | 51,376 | $ | 50,949 | $ | 427 | 0.8 | % | ||||||
Factory-built housing segment revenue increased, primarily from higher home sales volume and an increased net revenue per home sold. The improved home sales volume and net revenue per home sold resulted from strengthening market conditions.
Financial services segment revenue increased, resulting from 16.1% more insurance policies in force compared to the prior year as well as an increase of 2.4% in home loan sales volume year over year. Financial services segment revenue is partially offset by lower interest income earned on securitized loan portfolios that continue to amortize.
Net revenue per home sold was favorably impacted by an increase in optional home upgrades and a larger proportion of higher price-point homes sold. The overall net revenue per home metric is discussed further above.
Gross Profit. The following table summarizes gross profit for fiscal years 2015 and 2014.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
March 28, 2015 | March 29, 2014 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Gross profit: | ||||||||||||||
Factory-built housing | $ | 94,697 | $ | 89,120 | $ | 5,577 | 6.3 | % | ||||||
Financial services | 31,439 | 30,363 | 1,076 | 3.5 | % | |||||||||
$ | 126,136 | $ | 119,483 | $ | 6,653 | 5.6 | % | |||||||
Gross profit as % of Net revenue: | 22.3 | % | 22.4 | % | N/A | (0.1 | )% | |||||||
The increase in factory-built housing gross profit is reflective of improved production efficiencies from higher home sales volume.
Gross profit improved for financial services from lower insurance claims as a percentage of insurance premium revenue and loan production operating leverage on increased loan sales volume, but is partially offset by lower interest income earned on securitized loan portfolios that continue to amortize.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. The following table summarizes Selling, General and Administrative Expenses for fiscal years 2015 and 2014.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
March 28, 2015 | March 29, 2014 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses: | ||||||||||||||
Factory-built housing | $ | 73,169 | $ | 74,478 | $ | (1,309 | ) | (1.8 | )% | |||||
Financial services | 14,490 | 13,460 | 1,030 | 7.7 | % | |||||||||
$ | 87,659 | $ | 87,938 | $ | (279 | ) | (0.3 | )% | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses as % of Net revenue: | 15.5 | % | 16.5 | % | N/A | (1.0 | )% | |||||||
Factory-built housing and general corporate expenses decreased from a change in earnings-based incentive compensation structures and lower stock-based compensation, offset by increased salary expense.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for financial services increased from costs related to higher insurance premium revenue and loan sales volume.
Interest Expense. The following table summarizes Interest Expense for fiscal years 2015 and 2014.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
March 28, 2015 | March 29, 2014 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | $ | 4,587 | $ | 4,845 | $ | (258 | ) | (5.3 | )% | |||||
Interest expense, all attributable to the Company's financial services segment, consisted primarily of debt service on securitization financings connected to the CountryPlace securitized manufactured home loan portfolios and decreased in connection with the continued principal reductions of the securitization financings.
Other Income, net. The following table summarizes Other Income, net for fiscal years 2015 and 2014.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
March 28, 2015 | March 29, 2014 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | $ | 3,437 | $ | 1,105 | $ | 2,332 | 211.0 | % | ||||||
The majority of Other income, net is attributable to interest income earned on commercial loans receivable in the factory built housing segment. Other income also includes periodic gains, losses or impairment on property, plant and equipment, including assets held for sale or sold. Other income, net increased mainly from the sale of idle real estate properties. During the year ended March 28, 2015, the Company sold inactive manufacturing facilities in Albemarle, North Carolina and Woodland, California and real estate in Lakeland, Florida and Chino Valley, Arizona for a combined net gain of $1.4 million.
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Income Before Income Taxes. The following table summarizes Income Before Income Taxes for fiscal years 2015 and 2014.
Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
March 28, 2015 | March 29, 2014 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes: | ||||||||||||||
Factory-built housing | $ | 25,133 | $ | 16,223 | $ | 8,910 | 54.9 | % | ||||||
Financial services | 12,194 | 11,582 | 612 | 5.3 | % | |||||||||
$ | 37,327 | $ | 27,805 | $ | 9,522 | 34.2 | % | |||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that cash and cash equivalents at April 2, 2016, together with cash flow from operations, will be sufficient to fund our operations and provide for growth for the next 12 months and into the foreseeable future. We maintain cash in various deposit accounts, the balances of which are in excess of federally insured limits. We expect to continue to evaluate potential acquisitions of, or strategic investments in, businesses that are complementary to our business. Such transactions may require the use of cash and have other impacts on the Company's liquidity and capital resources in the event of such a transaction. Recent acquisitions of Fairmont Homes and Chariot Eagle did not have a significant impact on our liquidity or capital resources. Because of the Company’s sufficient cash position, the Company has not sought external sources of liquidity, such as a credit facility; however, depending on our operating results and strategic opportunities, we may need to seek additional or alternative sources of financing. There can be no assurance that such financing would be available on satisfactory terms, if at all. If this financing were not available, it could be necessary for us to reevaluate our long-term operating plans to make more efficient use of our existing capital resources. The exact nature of any changes to our plans that would be considered depends on various factors, such as conditions in the factory-built housing industry and general economic conditions outside of our control.
Projected cash to be provided by or used in operations in the coming year is largely dependent on sales volume. Operating activities provided $43.5 million of cash during the year ended April 2, 2016, compared to $25.7 million during the year ended March 28, 2015. Cash provided by operating activities during the year ended April 2, 2016 was primarily the result of cash generated by operating income before non-cash charges, collections of principal payments on consumer loans receivable, higher accounts payable and accrued liabilities, including factory warranties, wages and insurance loss reserves. These increases were partially offset by increases in commercial loans receivable from further expansion of our distribution-based lending programs. Cash provided by operating activities during the year ended March 28, 2015 was primarily the result of cash generated by operating income before non-cash charges, collections of principal payments on consumer loans receivable, utilization of deferred tax assets and higher accounts payable, accrued wages and unearned insurance premium accruals. These increases were partially offset by net funding of consumer lending operations and increases in accounts receivable and inventories.
Consumer loan originations decreased $8.7 million to $99.3 million during the year ended April 2, 2016 from $108.0 million during the year ended March 28, 2015. This decrease is primarily a result of decreased home lending activity. Proceeds from the sale of consumer loans provided $101.1 million in cash, compared to $100.4 million in the previous year, a net increase of $0.7 million. The primary reason for the increase relates to the timing of loan origination and related sales, offset by an increase in consumer loans held for investment of $1.1 million.
With respect to consumer lending for the purchase of manufactured housing, states may classify manufactured homes for both legal and tax purposes as personal property rather than real estate. As a result, financing for the purchase of manufactured homes is thereby characterized by shorter loan maturities and higher interest rates. Unfavorable changes in these factors and the current adverse trend in the availability and terms of financing in the industry may have material negative effects on our results of operations and financial condition. See Item IA, "Risk Factors."
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As a result of the 2008 credit crisis, national floor plan lenders substantially curtailed their lending activities, and others announced their intention to exit the business. The continuing reduction in available inventory financing has had an adverse effect on the manufactured housing industry and has negatively impacted the ability of our retailers to obtain floor plan financing for home inventory purchases. To further support floor plan availability for our retailers, Cavco has entered into programs to provide some of the capital used by inventory lenders to finance wholesale home purchases by retailers. In addition, the Company has entered into direct commercial loan arrangements with distributors, communities and developers under which the Company provides funds for financing homes and invested in community-based lending initiatives that provide home-only financing to new residents of certain manufactured home communities (see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Investing activities required the use of $38.2 million of cash during the year ended April 2, 2016, compared to $2.1 million used during the year ended March 28, 2015. In the current period, cash of $28.1 million was used for the purchase of certain assets and liabilities of Fairmont Homes and Chariot Eagle as well as the purchase of publicly-traded securities by Standard Casualty for its investment portfolio and investments in community-based lending institutions that provide home-only loans to residents of certain manufactured home communities, offset by that subsidiary's investment sales. Cash used by investing activities in the prior period was primarily for purchases of publicly-traded securities by Standard Casualty for its investment portfolio and investments in community-based lending institutions that provide home-only loans to residents of certain manufactured home communities, offset by investment sales from the Standard Casualty investment portfolio as well as proceeds from sales of assets held for sale in our factory-built housing segment.
Financing activities used $4.1 million in cash during the year ended April 2, 2016, primarily from payments on securitized financings, offset by loan sales accounted for as other secured financings and tax benefits from stock option exercises now able to be realized. In the prior year, financing activities provided $49,000 in cash during the year ended, primarily resulting from $3.7 million in tax benefits from stock option exercises now able to be realized, $3.6 million in loan sales accounted for as other secured financings and $0.5 million from the issuance of common stock under our stock incentive plan, offset by $7.7 million used to repay securitized financings.
CountryPlace’s securitized debt is subject to provisions that require certain levels of overcollateralization. Overcollateralization is equal to CountryPlace's equity in the bonds. Failure to satisfy these provisions could cause cash, which would normally be distributed to CountryPlace, to be used for repayment of the principal of the related Class A bonds until the required overcollateralization level is reached. During periods when the overcollateralization is below the specified level, cash collections from the securitized loans in excess of servicing fees payable to CountryPlace and amounts owed to the Class A bondholders, trustee and surety, are applied to reduce the Class A debt until such time the overcollateralization level reaches the specified level. Therefore, failure to meet the overcollateralization requirement could adversely affect the timing of cash flows received by CountryPlace. However, principal payments of the securitized debt, including accelerated amounts, is payable only from cash collections from the securitized loans and no additional sources of repayment are required or permitted. As of April 2, 2016, the 2005-1 and 2007-1 securitized portfolios were within the required overcollateralization level.
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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at April 2, 2016, consisting of future payments under securitized financings, non-cancelable operating lease agreements, and capital lease agreements. For additional information related to these obligations, see Notes 12, 15 and 8, respectively, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. This table excludes long-term obligations for which there is no definite commitment period.
Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | After 5 Years | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Debt obligations: | |||||||||||||||||||
Securitized financing 2005-1 (1) | $ | 31,831 | $ | 4,413 | $ | 7,374 | $ | 20,044 | $ | — | |||||||||
Securitized financing 2007-1 (1) | 34,554 | 4,643 | 7,173 | 22,738 | — | ||||||||||||||
Commitments for future payments under noncancelable operating leases | 9,858 | 2,997 | 4,466 | 2,182 | 213 | ||||||||||||||
Commitments for future payments under capital leases | 2,805 | 289 | 795 | 1,721 | — | ||||||||||||||
Total contractual obligations | $ | 79,048 | $ | 12,342 | $ | 19,808 | $ | 46,685 | $ | 213 | |||||||||
(1) | Interest is calculated by applying contractual interest rates to month-end balances. The timing of these estimated payments fluctuates based upon various factors, including estimated loan portfolio prepayment and default rates. |
The following table summarizes our contingent commitments at April 2, 2016, consisting of contingent repurchase obligations, letters of credit and remaining construction contingent commitments. For additional information related to these contingent obligations, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contingent Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | After 5 Years | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase obligations (1) | $ | 46,620 | $ | 39,720 | $ | 6,900 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
Letters of credit (2) | $ | 7,000 | 7,000 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
Construction contingent commitment (3) | $ | 8,543 | 8,543 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
Total contractual obligations | $ | 62,163 | $ | 55,263 | $ | 6,900 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
(1) | Although the repurchase obligations outstanding at April 2, 2016 have a finite life, these commitments are continually replaced as we continue to sell manufactured homes to retailers under repurchase and other recourse agreements with lending institutions which have provided wholesale floor plan financing to retailers. |
(2) | While the current letters of credit have finite lives, they are subject to renewal based on their underlying requirements. |
(3) | The total loan contract amount, less cumulative advances, represents an off-balance sheet contingent commitment of CountryPlace to fund future advances. |
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Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Management believes the following accounting policies are critical to our operating results or may affect significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its Consolidated Financial Statements.
Factory-Built Housing Revenue Recognition. Revenue from homes sold to independent retailers is generally recognized when the home is shipped, at which time title passes to the independent retailer and collectability is reasonably assured. Homes sold to independent retailers are generally either paid for prior to shipment or floor plan financed by the independent retailer through standard industry arrangements, which can include repurchase agreements. Manufacturing sales financed under repurchase agreements are reduced by a provision for estimated repurchase obligations (see Note 15). Revenue from homes sold under commercial loan programs involving funds provided by the Company is either deferred until such time that payment for the related commercial loan receivable is received by the Company or recognized when the home is shipped, depending on the nature of the program and borrower (see Note 6 for discussion of Commercial loans receivable). Retail sales by Company-owned retail locations are generally recognized when the customer has entered into a legally binding sales contract, the home is delivered and permanently located at the customer's site, accepted by the customer, title has transferred and funding is reasonably assured.
Some of the Company’s independent retailers operate multiple sales outlets. No independent retailer accounted for 10% or more of our factory-built housing revenue during any fiscal year within the three-year period ended April 2, 2016.
Financial Services Revenue Recognition. Premium amounts collected on policies issued and assumed by Standard Casualty are amortized on a straight-line basis into net revenue over the life of the policy. Premiums earned are net of reinsurance ceded. Policy acquisition costs are also amortized as cost of sales over the life of the policy.
On April 23, 2011, the date of the Palm Harbor acquisition (the "Palm Harbor Acquisition Date"), management evaluated consumer loans receivable held for investment by CountryPlace to determine whether there was evidence of deterioration of credit quality and if it was probable that CountryPlace would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loans’ contractual terms. The Company also considered expected prepayments and estimated the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows. The Company determined the excess of the loan pool’s scheduled contractual principal and contractual interest payments over the undiscounted cash flows expected as of the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date as an amount that is not accreted into interest income (the non-accretable difference). The cash flow expected to be collected in excess of the carrying value of the acquired loans is accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loans (referred to as accretable yield). Interest income on consumer loans receivable is recognized as net revenue (see Note 5).
For loans originated by CountryPlace and held for sale, loan origination fees and gains or losses on sales are recognized as net revenue upon title transfer of the loans. CountryPlace provides third-party servicing of mortgages and earns servicing fees each month based on the aggregate outstanding balances. Servicing fees are recognized as net revenue when earned.
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Warranties. We provide the retail home buyer a one-year limited warranty covering defects in material or workmanship in home structure, plumbing and electrical systems. Nonstructural components of a cosmetic nature are warranted for 120 days, except in specific cases where state laws require longer warranty terms. We record a liability for estimated future warranty costs relating to homes sold, based upon our assessment of historical experience factors. Factors we use in the estimation of the warranty liability include the estimated amount of homes still under warranty including homes in retailer inventories, homes purchased by consumers still within the one-year warranty period, the timing in which work orders are completed and the historical average costs incurred to service a home. We have a reserve for estimated warranties of $13.4 million and $10.0 million at April 2, 2016 and March 28, 2015, respectively. Construction defect claims may arise during a significant period of time after product completion. Although we maintain general liability insurance and reserves for such claims, based on our assessments as described above, which to date have been adequate, there can be no assurance that warranty and construction defect claims will remain at current levels or that such reserves will continue to be adequate. A large number of warranty and construction defect claims exceeding our current levels could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Reserve for Repurchase Commitments. Manufactured housing companies customarily enter into repurchase and other recourse agreements with lending institutions that have provided wholesale floor plan financing to retailers. A significant portion of our sales are made to retailers pursuant to repurchase agreements with lending institutions. These agreements generally provide that we will repurchase our new products from the lending institutions in the event such product is repossessed upon a retailer’s default. The risk of loss under repurchase agreements is lessened by certain factors, including the following:
• | sales of our manufactured homes are spread over a relatively large number of independent retailers; |
• | the price that we are obligated to pay under such repurchase agreements declines based on predetermined amounts over the period of the agreement (generally 18 to 36 months); and |
• | we have historically been able to resell homes repurchased from lenders. |
The Company applies FASB ASC 460, Guarantees ("ASC 460") and FASB ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies ("ASC 450-20"), to account for its liability for repurchase commitments. Under the provisions of ASC 460, issuance of a guarantee results in two different types of obligations: (1) a non-contingent obligation to stand ready to perform under the repurchase commitment (accounted for pursuant to ASC 460) and (2) a contingent obligation to make future payments under the conditions of the repurchase commitment (accounted for pursuant to ASC 450-20). Management reviews retailers' inventories to estimate the amount of inventory subject to repurchase obligation, which is used to calculate (1) the fair value of the non-contingent obligation for repurchase commitments and (2) the contingent liability based on historical information available at the time. During the period in which a home is sold (inception of a repurchase commitment), the Company records the greater of these two calculations as a liability for repurchase commitments and as a reduction to revenue.
(1) | The Company estimates the fair value of the non-contingent portion of its manufacturer's inventory repurchase commitment under the provisions of ASC 460 when a home is shipped to retailers whose floor plan financing includes a repurchase commitment. The fair value of the inventory repurchase agreement is determined by calculating the net present value of the difference in (a) the Company's interest cost to carry the inventory over the maximum repurchase liability period at the prevailing floor plan note interest rate and (b) the retailer's interest cost to carry the inventory over the maximum repurchase liability period at the interest rate of a similar type loan without a manufacturer's repurchase agreement in force. Following the inception of the commitment, the recorded reserve is reduced over the repurchase period in conjunction with applicable curtailment arrangements and is eliminated once the retailer sells the home. |
(2) | The Company estimates the contingent obligation to make future payments under its manufacturer's inventory repurchase commitment for the same pool of commitments as used in the fair value calculation above and records the greater of the two calculations. This contingent obligation is estimated using historical loss factors, including the frequency of repurchases and the losses experienced by the Company for repurchased inventory. |
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Additionally, subsequent to the inception of the repurchase commitment, the Company evaluates the likelihood that it will be called on to perform under the inventory repurchase commitments. If it becomes probable that a retailer will default and an ASC 450-20 loss reserve should be recorded, then such contingent liability is recorded equal to the estimated loss on repurchase. Based on identified changes in retailers' financial conditions, the Company evaluates the probability of default for retailers who are identified at an elevated risk of default and applies a probability of default, based on historical default rates. Commensurate with this default probability evaluation, the Company reviews repurchase notifications received from floor plan sources and reviews retailer inventory for expected repurchase notifications based on various communications from the lenders and retailers. The Company's repurchase commitments for the retailers in the category of elevated risk of default are excluded from the pool of commitments used in both of the calculations at (1) and (2) above. Changes in the reserve are recorded as an adjustment to revenue.
The maximum amount for which the Company was contingently liable under such agreements approximated $46.6 million and $28.3 million at April 2, 2016 and March 28, 2015, respectively, without reduction for the resale value of the homes. The Company had a reserve for repurchase commitments of $1.7 million and $2.2 million at April 2, 2016 and March 28, 2015, respectively. The Company made payments totaling $393,000 under repurchase commitments during fiscal year 2016 and $127,000 in 2015.
Retailer Volume Rebates. The Company’s manufacturing operations sponsor volume rebate programs under which certain sales to retailers, builders and developers can qualify for cash rebates generally based on the level of sales attained during a twelve-month period. Volume rebates are accrued at the time of sale and are recorded as a reduction of net revenue.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used and when events and circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of long-lived assets is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such assets is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that the fair values are based primarily on independent appraisals and preliminary or definitive contractual arrangements less costs to dispose. The Company recorded no impairment charges on long-lived assets during fiscal year 2016 or fiscal year 2015 and $0.6 million in fiscal year 2014.
Income Taxes and Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company periodically evaluates the deferred tax assets based on the requirements established in FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recording of a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The determination of the need for or amount of any valuation allowance involves significant management judgment and is based upon the evaluation of both positive and negative evidence, including estimates of anticipated taxable profits in various jurisdictions with which the deferred tax assets are associated. At April 2, 2016, the Company evaluated forecasted taxable profits and determined that, except for certain state net operating loss deferred tax assets, all other deferred tax assets would be utilized in future periods. A valuation allowance of $26,000 was recorded during fiscal year 2016 against the related deferred tax asset. Ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets depends on our ability to meet these forecasts in future periods. Changes in events or expectations could result in significant adjustments, which could include the recording of additional valuation allowance and material changes to the provision for income taxes.
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Goodwill and Other Intangibles. We test goodwill annually for impairment by reporting unit by first making a qualitative assessment, and if necessary, performing the two-step test and recording an impairment charge if the implied fair value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, is less than its carrying value. We generally utilize a discounted cash flow methodology to test for impairment of goodwill. The results of discounted cash flow methodology depend upon a number of estimates and assumptions relating to cash flows, discount rates and other matters. Accordingly, such testing is subject to uncertainties, which could cause the fair value of goodwill to fluctuate from period to period. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually for impairment first by making a qualitative assessment, and if necessary, performing a quantitative assessment and recording an impairment charge if the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount.
As of April 2, 2016, all of our goodwill is attributable to our factory-built housing reporting unit. We performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis as of April 2, 2016. In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2011-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment, we opted to first assess qualitative factors to determine that it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is not less than its carrying amount. As a result, performing the two-step impairment test was determined to be unnecessary for fiscal year 2016.
In the event that we are not able to achieve expected cash flow levels, or other factors indicate that goodwill is impaired, we may need to write off all or part of our goodwill, which would adversely affect our operating results and net worth. See Item 1A, "Risk Factors."
Accretable Yield on Consumer Loans Receivable and Securitized Financings. The Company acquired consumer loans receivable and securitized financings during the first quarter of fiscal 2012 as a part of the Palm Harbor transaction. Acquired consumer loans receivable held for investment and securitized financings were acquired at fair value, which resulted in a discount, and subsequently are accounted for a manner similar to FASB ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality ("ASC 310-30") to accrete the discount.
The Company considers expected prepayments and default rates and estimates the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows for consumer loans receivable held for investment to determine the expected cash flows on securitized financings and the contractual payments. The amount of contractual principal and contractual interest payments due on the securitized financings in excess of all cash flows expected as of the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date cannot be accreted into interest expense (the non-accretable difference). The remaining amount is accreted into interest expense over the remaining life of the obligation (referred to as accretable yield). For additional information, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest. Since acquiring Fleetwood, financial information for the Fleetwood operations has been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 810, Consolidation ("ASC 810"). Management determined that, although Fleetwood was only 50 percent owned by the Company, Cavco had a controlling interest and was required to fully consolidate the results of Fleetwood. The primary factors that contributed to this determination were Cavco’s management and board control of Fleetwood, wherein members of Cavco’s management held all of the seats on the Board of Directors of Fleetwood. In addition, as part of a management services agreement among Cavco, Fleetwood and Third Avenue, Cavco provided all executive-level management services to Fleetwood including, among other things, general management oversight, marketing and customer relations, accounting and cash management. Third Avenue’s financial interest in Fleetwood was considered a "redeemable noncontrolling interest" and was designated as such in the Consolidated Financial Statements (see Notes 1 and 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
On July 22, 2013, Cavco purchased all noncontrolling interests in Fleetwood pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement with Third Avenue (the "Stock Purchase Agreement") (see Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). As a result of the transaction, Cavco owns 100 percent of Fleetwood and its holdings, including Fleetwood Homes, Palm Harbor Homes, CountryPlace and Standard Casualty. The transaction eliminated the need for noncontrolling interest accounting.
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Other Matters
Related Party Transactions. On July 22, 2013, Cavco completed the purchase of all noncontrolling interests in Cavco’s subsidiary that owns Fleetwood Homes, Palm Harbor Homes, CountryPlace and Standard Casualty from Third Avenue. The Company satisfied the purchase price with 1,867,370 shares of Cavco common stock (the "Cavco Shares"). Third Avenue is considered a principal owner, and therefore a related party, under ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures ("ASC 850"). Subsequent to the transaction closing, Cavco owns 100 percent of Fleetwood and Third Avenue beneficially owned approximately 22.8% of Cavco's outstanding common stock. As of April 2, 2016, Third Avenue Management LLC beneficially owned approximately 8.2% of our outstanding common shares. Third Avenue Management LLC and Third Avenue Value Fund are either directly or indirectly under common control.
The Company issued the Cavco Shares in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In accordance with the Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC seeking registration of the Cavco Shares. The SEC declared the registration statement effective on October 11, 2013. However, Third Avenue remains subject to certain restrictions on the ability to transfer Cavco Shares. During the Standstill Period (defined below) Cavco has a "right of first offer" to acquire any Cavco Shares that either of the Third Avenue parties wishes to transfer to independent third parties. Additionally, pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, Third Avenue agreed, from and after the closing and continuing until the termination of the Standstill Period, that it would vote all Cavco Shares in accordance with the recommendations of the Company's Board of Directors with respect to any action, proposal or other matter to be voted on by the stockholders of Cavco.
The "Standstill Period" ends on the earlier of (i) the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date (July 22, 2017) or (ii) the third anniversary of the Closing Date (July 22, 2016) if Third Avenue owns less than 12.5% of the outstanding Cavco common stock on the third anniversary date. Additionally, during the Standstill Period, Third Avenue has agreed not to do any of the following without the prior written consent of the Company: acquire beneficial ownership of common equity securities of the Company or any other securities of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the Company; deposit any securities of the Company in a voting trust or similar arrangement or subject any voting securities of the Company to any voting agreement, pooling arrangement or similar arrangement, or grant any proxy with respect to any voting securities of the Company; enter, agree to enter, propose or offer to enter into or facilitate any merger, business combination, tender offer, recapitalization, restructuring, change in control transaction or other similar extraordinary transaction involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries; make, or in any way participate or engage in, any "solicitation" of "proxies" to vote, or advise or knowingly influence any person with respect to the voting of, any voting securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; call, or seek to call, a meeting of the shareholders of the Company or initiate any shareholder proposal for action by the shareholders of the Company; form, join or in any way participate in a Group within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), with respect to any voting securities of the Company; otherwise act, alone or in concert with others, to seek to control or influence the Board or the management or policies of the Company; publicly disclose any intention, plan or arrangement prohibited by, or inconsistent with, the foregoing; advise or knowingly assist or encourage or enter into any discussions, negotiations, agreements or arrangements with any other person or Group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) in connection with the foregoing; or knowingly transfer more than 3% of the Cavco Shares to any one individual or entity.
In July 2015, the Company’s CEO made a payment of $1.1 million to the Company, representing the repayment of performance bonuses related to fiscal 2012, 2014 and 2015 that were determined to be in excess of the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan limits and made to the CEO during those periods.
Impact of Inflation. We believe that the general inflation rate over the past several years has not had a significant impact on our revenue or profitability, but we can give no assurance that this trend will continue in the future. However, sudden increases in specific costs, such as the increases in material costs, as well as price competition, can affect our ability to increase our selling prices and adversely impact our results of operations. Therefore, we can give no assurance that inflation or the impact of rising material costs will not have a significant impact on our revenue or results of operations in the future.
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Impact of Accounting Standards. In September 2013, the United States Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service issued final regulations regarding the deduction and capitalization of expenditures related to tangible property. The final regulations under Internal Revenue Code Sections 162, 167 and 263(a) apply to amounts paid to acquire, produce, or improve tangible property as well as dispositions of such property and are generally effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2014. These regulations have not had a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU 2014-09"), which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The standard requires entities to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance also includes a cohesive set of disclosure requirements intended to provide users of financial statements with comprehensive information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a company’s contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of the new revenue standard. Accordingly, the updated standard will be effective for us beginning the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2019, with early application permitted in fiscal year 2018. The standard allows for either "full retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all of the periods presented, or "modified retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2014-09 will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes ("ASU 2015-17"). ASU 2015-17 will be effective beginning with the Company's fiscal year 2019 annual report and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. In this update, entities are required to present all deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent on the balance sheet instead of separating deferred taxes into current and noncurrent amounts. The standard can be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented. As this standard impacts presentation only, the adoption of ASU 2015-17 is not expected to have an impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 will be effective beginning with the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2019. The amendments require certain equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-01 will have on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 will be effective beginning with the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases, but recognize expenses in the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting treatment. In addition, disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements are required. Upon adoption, leases will be recognized and measured at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718) ("ASU 2016-09"). ASU 2016-09 will be effective beginning with the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2018, with early adoption permitted. The amendment simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-09 will have on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.
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From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB and other regulatory bodies that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We may from time to time be exposed to interest rate risk inherent in our financial instruments, but are not currently subject to foreign currency or commodity price risk. We manage our exposure to these market risks through our regular operating and financing activities.
Our operations are interest rate sensitive. As overall manufactured housing demand can be adversely affected by increases in interest rates, a significant increase in wholesale or mortgage interest rates may negatively affect the ability of retailers and home buyers to secure financing. Higher interest rates could unfavorably impact our revenues, gross margins and net earnings. Our business is also sensitive to the effects of inflation, particularly with respect to raw material and transportation costs. We may not be able to offset inflation through increased selling prices.
CountryPlace is exposed to market risk related to the accessibility and terms of long-term financing of its loans. In the past, CountryPlace accessed the asset-backed securities market to provide term financing of its chattel and non-conforming mortgage originations. At present, independent asset-backed and mortgage-backed securitization markets are not readily available to CountryPlace and other manufactured housing lenders. Accordingly, CountryPlace has not continued to securitize its loan originations as a means to obtain long-term funding.
We are also exposed to market risks related to our fixed rate consumer and commercial loan notes receivables, as well as our securitized financings balances. For fixed rate instruments, changes in interest rates do not change future earnings and cash flows. However, changes in interest rates could affect the fair value of these instruments. Assuming the level of these instruments as of April 2, 2016, is held constant, a 1% unfavorable change in average interest rates would adversely impact the fair value of these instruments, as follows (in thousands):
Change in Fair Value | |||
Consumer loans receivable | $ | 5,511 | |
Commercial loans receivable | $ | 167 | |
Securitized financings | $ | 1,093 | |
In originating loans for sale, CountryPlace issues interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") to prospective borrowers and third-party originators. These IRLCs represent an agreement to extend credit to a loan applicant, or an agreement to purchase a loan from a third-party originator, whereby the interest rate on the loan is set prior to loan closing or sale. These IRLCs bind CountryPlace to fund the approved loan at the specified rate regardless of whether interest rates or market prices for similar loans have changed between the commitment date and the closing date. As such, outstanding IRLCs are subject to interest rate risk and related loan sale price risk during the period from the date of the IRLC through the earlier of the loan sale date or IRLC expiration date. The loan commitments generally range between 30 and 180 days; however, borrowers are not obligated to close the related loans. As a result, CountryPlace is subject to fallout risk related to IRLCs, which is realized if approved borrowers choose not to close on the loans within the terms of the IRLCs. As of April 2, 2016, CountryPlace had outstanding IRLCs with a notional amount of $4.3 million and are recorded at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The estimated fair values of IRLCs are based on quoted market values and are recorded in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of IRLCs is based on the value of the underlying mortgage loan adjusted for: (i) estimated cost to complete and originate the loan and (ii) the estimated percentage or IRLCs that will result in closed mortgage loans. The initial and subsequent changes in the value of IRLCs are a component of current income. Assuming CountryPlace’s level of IRLCs is held constant, a 1% increase in average interest rates would decrease the fair value of CountryPlace’s obligations by approximately $0.2 million.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Reference is made to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Reports thereon, the Notes thereto, and the supplementary data commencing on page F-1 of this report, which Consolidated Financial Statements, Reports, Notes and data are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered in this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
The management of Cavco Industries, Inc. (the "Company") is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, the Company’s controls and procedures may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all controls systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on management’s evaluation under the criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of April 2, 2016.
The scope of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Chariot Eagle, LLC and Fairmont Homes, LLC, which are included in the 2016 consolidated financial statements of Cavco Industries, Inc. since the acquisition dates of March 30, 2015 and May 1, 2015, respectively, which comprised approximately 5% of total assets and 12% of net revenues for the year ended April 2, 2016.
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The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 2, 2016, has been audited by RSM US LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016, which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
54
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Cavco Industries, Inc.
We have audited Cavco Industries, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 2, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Cavco Industries, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting, management has excluded Chariot Eagle LLC and Fairmont Homes, LLC from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of April 2, 2016, because these entities were acquired by the Company in purchase business combinations in the first quarter of the fiscal year ended April 2, 2016. We have also excluded Chariot Eagle, LLC and Fairmont Homes, LLC from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Chariot Eagle, LLC and Fairmont Homes, LLC are wholly owned subsidiaries whose total assets and revenues represent approximately 5% and 12%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the fiscal year ended April 2, 2016.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Cavco Industries, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 2, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the April 2, 2016 consolidated financial statements of Cavco Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries, and our report dated June 21, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ RSM US LLP | |
Los Angeles, California | |
June 21, 2016 | |
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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
For a description of the directors of the Company and other information called for by this Item 10, see "Election of Directors," and "General - Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. Also see the information relating to executive officers of the Company that follows Item 4 of Part I of this Report, which is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference.
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Company. A copy of the Company’s Code of Ethics is located on the Company’s website at www.cavco.com or will be mailed, at no charge, upon request submitted to James P. Glew, Secretary, Cavco Industries, Inc., 1001 North Central Avenue, Suite 800, Phoenix, Arizona, 85004. If the Company makes any amendment to, or grants any waivers of, a provision of the Code of Ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller where such amendment or waiver is required to be disclosed under applicable SEC rules, the Company intends to disclose such amendment or waiver and the reasons therefore on its Internet website at www.cavco.com.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
For a description of the Company’s executive compensation, see "Election of Directors," and "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" (other than the "Compensation Committee Report") in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
For a description of the security ownership of management and certain beneficial owners, see "Stock Ownership" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth information as of April 2, 2016, with respect to our compensation plans and individual compensation arrangements under which our equity securities were authorized for issuance to directors, officers, employees, consultants and certain other persons and entities in exchange for the provision to us of goods or services.
Plan Category | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights (a) | Weighted- Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) | ||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders | 491,980 | $ | 51.91 | 386,131 | |||||
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders | — | — | — | ||||||
Total | 491,980 | $ | 51.91 | 386,131 | |||||
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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
For a description of certain relationships and related transactions of the Company, see "Compensation Discussion and Analysis-Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" of the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
For a description of principal accounting fees and services, see "Audit Fees" and "Ratification of Appointment of Independent Auditor" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
Financial Statements are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of this report.
All schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.
Exhibits
The documents listed below are being filed or have previously been filed on behalf of the Company and are incorporated herein by reference from the documents indicated and made a part hereof. Exhibits not identified as previously filed are filed herewith.
Exhibit Number | Exhibit | Filed/Furnished Herewith or Incorporated by Reference | |
3.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cavco | Exhibit 3.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 | |
3.2 | Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cavco | Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2006 | |
3.3 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Cavco | Exhibit 3.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 | |
10.1* | Stock Incentive Plan of Cavco | Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form 10/A (File No. 000-08822) filed by Cavco on April 23, 2003, as amended by Form 10/A dated May 21, 2003, Form 10/A dated May 30, 2003, Form 10/A dated June 17, 2003, and Form 10/A dated June 20, 2003 | |
10.1.1* | Amendment to the Cavco Industries, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan | Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2010 | |
10.1.2* | Form of Stock Option Agreement for Stock Incentive Plan | Exhibit 10.18 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 | |
10.2* | Cavco 2005 Stock Incentive Plan | Exhibit A to the Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 23, 2005, and incorporated by reference herein (this Exhibit is filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-132925), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 3, 2006) | |
10.2.1* | First Amendment to Cavco Industries, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan | Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2010 | |
10.2.2* | Second Amendment to Cavco Industries, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan | Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 26, 2015 | |
10.2.3* | Representative Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for the applicable Cavco stock incentive plan | Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2007 | |
10.2.4* | Form of Stock Option Agreement for Stock Incentive Plan | Exhibit 10.18 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 | |
10.2.5* | Form of Stock Option Agreement for Stock Incentive Plan | Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2012 | |
10.3* | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated June 30, 2011, between Joseph H. Stegmayer and Cavco | Exhibit 10.1 to the Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on July 5, 2011 | |
10.4* | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Incentive Plan for Fiscal Year 2014 | Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on May 23, 2013 | |
10.4.1* | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Incentive Plan for Fiscal Year 2015 | Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2014 | |
10.4.2* | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Incentive Plan for Fiscal Year 2016 | Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2015 | |
10.5* | President of Fleetwood Homes, Inc. Incentive Plan for Fiscal Year 2014 | Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on May 23, 2013 | |
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Exhibit Number | Exhibit | Filed/Furnished Herewith or Incorporated by Reference | |
10.5.1* | President of Fleetwood Homes, Inc. Incentive Plan for Fiscal Year 2015 | Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2014 | |
10.5.2* | President of Fleetwood Homes, Inc. Incentive Plan for Fiscal Year 2016 | Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2015 | |
10.6* | President of Palm Harbor Homes, Inc. Incentive Plan for Fiscal Year 2014 | Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on May 23, 2013 | |
10.7 | Distribution Agreement, dated May 30, 2003, among Centex, Cavco Industries, LLC, and Cavco | Exhibit 10.9 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 | |
10.9 | Tax Sharing Agreement, dated June 30, 2003, among Centex, Centex’s Affiliates, and Cavco | Exhibit 10.10 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 | |
10.9 | Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 2009 by and among FH Holding, Inc., Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries | Exhibit 10.1 to the Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on July 23, 2009 | |
10.10 | Shareholders’ Agreement by and among FH Holding, Inc. (now known as Fleetwood Homes, Inc.) and its Shareholders dated August 17, 2009 | Exhibit 10.10 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 | |
10.10.1 | First Amendment to Shareholders’ Agreement dated November 30, 2010 | Exhibit 10.10.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 | |
10.10.2 | Second Amendment to Shareholders’ Agreement dated June 17, 2011 | Exhibit 10.10.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 | |
10.10.3 | Third Amendment to Shareholders’ Agreement dated February 16, 2012 | Exhibit 10.10.3 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 | |
10.10.4 | Fourth Amendment to Shareholders’ Agreement dated June 5, 2012 | Exhibit 10.10.4 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 | |
10.11 | Debtor-In-Possession Revolving Credit Agreement dated November 29, 2010 | Exhibit 10.1 to the Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on November 29, 2010 | |
10.12 | Security Agreement dated November 29, 2010 | Exhibit 10.2 to the Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on November 29, 2010 | |
10.13 | Asset Purchase Agreement dated November 29, 2010 | Exhibit 10.3 to the Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on November 29, 2010 | |
10.14 | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated June 14, 2013, by and among Third Avenue Trust, a Delaware Trust, the Whitman High Conviction Fund and Cavco Industries, Inc., a Delaware corporation | Exhibit 2.1 to the Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on June 14, 2013 | |
21 | List of Subsidiaries of Cavco | Filed herewith | |
23.1 | Consent of RSM US LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | Filed herewith | |
23.2 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | Filed herewith | |
31.1 | Certificate of Joseph H. Stegmayer, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended | Filed herewith | |
31.2 | Certificate of Daniel L. Urness, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended | Filed herewith | |
32.1** | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Furnished herewith | |
* | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement |
** | These certifications are not "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. These certifications are not to be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, unless Cavco specifically incorporates them by reference. |
Copies of any of the exhibits referred to above will be furnished at no cost to security holders who make a written request to James P. Glew, Secretary, Cavco Industries, Inc., 1001 North Central Avenue, Suite 800, Phoenix, Arizona, 85004 or via the Company website (www.cavco.com).
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC. | ||
Date: | June 21, 2016 | /s/ Joseph H. Stegmayer |
Joseph H. Stegmayer – Chairman, | ||
President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | |
/s/ Joseph H. Stegmayer | Chairman, President and | June 21, 2016 | |
Chief Executive Officer | |||
(Principal Executive Officer) | |||
/s/ Daniel L. Urness | Executive Vice President, Treasurer and | June 21, 2016 | |
Chief Financial Officer | |||
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
/s/ William C. Boor | Director | June 21, 2016 | |
/s/ Steven G. Bunger | Director | June 21, 2016 | |
/s/ David A. Greenblatt | Director | June 21, 2016 | |
/s/ Jack Hanna | Director | June 21, 2016 | |
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CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Cavco Industries, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cavco Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of April 2, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and redeemable noncontrolling interest, and cash flows for the fiscal year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Cavco Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries at April 2, 2016, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Cavco Industries Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 2, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013 and our report dated June 21, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Cavco Industries, Inc.'s internal controls over financial reporting.
/s/ RSM US LLP | |
Los Angeles, California | |
June 21, 2016 | |
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Cavco Industries, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cavco Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 28, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and redeemable noncontrolling interest, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 28, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Cavco Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries at March 28, 2015 and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 28, 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP | |
Phoenix, Arizona | |
June 10, 2015 | |
F-3
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
April 2, 2016 | March 28, 2015 | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 97,766 | $ | 96,597 | |||
Restricted cash, current | 10,218 | 9,997 | |||||
Accounts receivable, net | 29,113 | 26,994 | |||||
Short-term investments | 10,140 | 7,106 | |||||
Current portion of consumer loans receivable, net | 21,918 | 24,073 | |||||
Current portion of commercial loans receivable, net | 3,557 | 2,330 | |||||
Inventories | 94,813 | 75,334 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 22,196 | 14,460 | |||||
Deferred income taxes, current | 8,998 | 8,573 | |||||
Total current assets | 298,719 | 265,464 | |||||
Restricted cash | 1,082 | 1,081 | |||||
Investments | 28,948 | 24,813 | |||||
Consumer loans receivable, net | 67,640 | 74,085 | |||||
Commercial loans receivable, net | 21,985 | 15,751 | |||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 55,072 | ||||||