MAR-Q4.2012-10K
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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ý | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2012
or
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o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 1-13881
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware | 52-2055918 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
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10400 Fernwood Road, Bethesda, Maryland | 20817 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code (301) 380-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of Each Class | | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value ( 312,344,872 shares outstanding as of February 8, 2013) | | New York Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a small reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. |
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Large accelerated filer x | | Accelerated filer o | | Non-accelerated filer o | | Smaller reporting company o |
| | | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
The aggregate market value of shares of common stock held by non-affiliates at June 15, 2012, was $9,350,052,179
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement prepared for the 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into
Part III of this report.
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 28, 2012
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Part I. | | |
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Item 1. | Business | |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | |
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | |
Item 2. | Properties | |
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | |
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | |
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Part II. | | |
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Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | |
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | |
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | |
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | |
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | |
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | |
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | |
Item 9B. | Other Information | |
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Part III. | | |
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Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | |
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | |
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | |
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | |
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | |
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Part IV. | | |
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Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | |
| Signatures | |
Throughout this report, we refer to Marriott International, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” or “the Company.” Unless otherwise specified, each reference to a particular year means the fiscal year ended on the date shown in the table below, rather than the corresponding calendar year:
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Fiscal Year | | Fiscal Year-End Date | | Fiscal Year | | Fiscal Year-End Date |
2012 | | December 28, 2012 | | 2007 | | December 28, 2007 |
2011 | | December 30, 2011 | | 2006 | | December 29, 2006 |
2010 | | December 31, 2010 | | 2005 | | December 30, 2005 |
2009 | | January 1, 2010 | | 2004 | | December 31, 2004 |
2008 | | January 2, 2009 | | 2003 | | January 2, 2004 |
Our 2013 fiscal year began on December 29, 2012 and ends on December 31, 2013. In addition, beginning in 2014, our fiscal years will be the same as the corresponding calendar year (each beginning on January 1 and ending on December 31).
In order to make this report easier to read, we also refer throughout to (i) our Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income as our “Income Statements,” (iii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheets,” (iv) our properties, brands or markets in the United States and Canada as “North America” or “North American,” and (v) our properties, brands or markets outside of the United States and Canada as “International.” References throughout to numbered "Footnotes" refer to the numbered Notes to our Financial Statements that we include in the Financial Statements section of this report.
PART I
We are a worldwide operator, franchisor, and licensor of hotels and timeshare properties under numerous brand names at different price and service points. Consistent with our focus on management, franchising, and licensing, we own very few of our lodging properties. We also operate, market, and develop residential properties and provide services to home/condominium owner associations.
We were organized as a corporation in Delaware in 1997 and became a public company in 1998 when we were “spun off” as a separate entity by the company formerly named “Marriott International, Inc.” At year-end 2012, our operations are grouped into four business segments: North American Full-Service Lodging, North American Limited-Service Lodging, International Lodging, and Luxury Lodging. The following table shows the percentage of 2012 total revenue from each of our lodging segments, as well as from unallocated corporate:
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Segment | | Percentage of 2012 Total Revenues |
North American Full-Service Lodging Segment | | 50 | % |
North American Limited-Service Lodging Segment | | 21 | % |
International Lodging Segment | | 11 | % |
Luxury Lodging Segment | | 15 | % |
Other unallocated corporate | | 3 | % |
Our North American Full-Service and North American Limited-Service segments include properties located in the United States and Canada, our Luxury segment includes worldwide properties, and our International segment includes full-service and limited-service properties located outside the United States and Canada. Unless otherwise indicated, our references to Marriott Hotels & Resorts® throughout this report include Marriott Conference Centers and JW Marriott®, references to Renaissance Hotels® include Renaissance ClubSport®, and references to Fairfield Inn & Suites® include Fairfield Inn®.
Financial information by segment and geographic area for 2012, 2011, and 2010 appears in Footnote No. 15, “Business Segments,” to our Financial Statements.
Lodging
We operate, franchise, or license 3,801 lodging properties worldwide, with 660,394 rooms as of year-end 2012 inclusive of 35 home and condominium products (3,927 units) for which we manage the related owners’ associations. We believe that our portfolio of lodging brands is the broadest of any company in the world. Our brands are listed in the following table:
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• Marriott Hotels & Resorts® | • Marriott Executive Apartments® |
• JW Marriott® | • The Ritz-Carlton® |
• Renaissance® Hotels | • Bulgari Hotels & Resorts |
• Gaylord Hotels® | • EDITION® |
• Autograph Collection® Hotels | • AC Hotels by Marriott SM |
• Courtyard by Marriott® (“Courtyard®”) | • Marriott Vacation Club® |
• Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott® (“Fairfield Inn & Suites®”) | • The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club® |
• SpringHill Suites by Marriott® (“SpringHill Suites®”) | • The Ritz-Carlton Residences® |
• Residence Inn by Marriott® (“Residence Inn®”) | • Grand Residences by Marriott SM |
• TownePlace Suites by Marriott® (“TownePlace Suites®”) | |
Company-Operated Lodging Properties
At year-end 2012, we operated 1,055 properties (283,736 rooms) under long-term management agreements with property owners, 38 properties (9,076 rooms) under long-term lease agreements with property owners (management and lease agreements together, “the Operating Agreements”), and 6 properties (1,155 rooms) as owned. The figures noted for properties operated under long-term management agreements include 35 home and condominium products (3,927 units) for which we manage the related owners’ associations.
Terms of our management agreements vary, but we earn a management fee that is typically composed of a base management fee, which is a percentage of the revenues of the hotel, and an incentive management fee, which is based on the profits of the hotel. Our management agreements also typically include reimbursement of costs of operations (both direct and indirect). Such agreements are generally for initial periods of 20 to 30 years, with options for us to renew for up to 50 or more additional years. Our lease agreements also vary, but may include fixed annual rentals plus additional rentals based on a percentage of annual revenues in excess of a fixed amount. Many of our Operating Agreements are subordinated to mortgages or other liens securing indebtedness of the owners. Many of our Operating Agreements also permit the owners to terminate the agreement if we do not meet certain performance metrics and financial returns fail to meet defined levels for a period of time and we have not cured such deficiencies. In certain circumstances, some of our management agreements allow owners to convert company-operated properties to franchised properties under our brands.
For lodging facilities that we operate, we generally are responsible for hiring, training, and supervising the managers and employees required to operate the facilities and for purchasing supplies, and owners are required to reimburse us for those costs. We provide centralized reservation services and national advertising, marketing, and promotional services, as well as various accounting and data processing services, and owners are also required to reimburse us for those costs.
Franchised, Licensed, and Unconsolidated Joint Venture Lodging Properties
We have franchising, licensing, and joint venture programs that permit other hotel owners and operators and Marriott Vacations Worldwide ("MVW") to use many of our lodging brand names and systems. Under our franchising program, we generally receive an initial application fee and continuing royalty fees, which typically range from four percent to six percent of room revenues for all brands, plus two percent to three percent of food and beverage revenues for certain full-service hotels. We are a partner in unconsolidated joint ventures that manage hotels. Some of these unconsolidated joint ventures also provide services to franchised hotels. We recognize our share of these joint ventures' net income or loss. Franchisees and joint ventures contribute to our national marketing and advertising programs and pay fees for use of our centralized reservation systems. Under license agreements with us, MVW is both the exclusive developer and operator of timeshare, fractional, and related products under the Marriott brand and the exclusive developer of fractional and related products under The Ritz-Carlton brand. We receive license fees under licensing agreements with MVW consisting of a fixed annual fee of $50 million plus two percent of the gross sales price paid to MVW for initial developer sales of interests in vacation ownership units and residential real estate units and one percent of the gross sales price paid to MVW for resales of interests in vacation ownership units and residential real estate units, in each case that are identified with or use the Marriott or Ritz-Carlton marks.
At year-end 2012, we had 2,553 franchised properties (344,314 rooms), 84 unconsolidated joint venture properties (9,084 rooms), and 65 licensed timeshare, fractional, and related properties (13,029 units).
Residential
We use or license our trademarks for the sale of residential real estate, typically in conjunction with hotel development and receive branding fees for sales of such branded residential real estate by others. Residences are typically constructed and sold by third-party owners with limited amounts, if any, of our capital at risk. We have used or licensed our The Ritz-Carlton, EDITION, Autograph Collection Hotels, JW Marriott, and Marriott Hotels & Resorts brand names and trademarks for residential real estate sales. While the worldwide residential market is very large, the luxurious nature of our residential properties, the quality and exclusivity associated with our brands, and the hospitality services that we provide, all serve to make our residential properties distinctive.
Seasonality
In general, business at company-operated and franchised properties fluctuates only moderately with the seasons and is relatively stable. Business at some resort properties may be seasonal depending on location.
Relationship with Major Customer
We operate a number of properties under long-term management agreements that are owned or leased by Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (“Host”). In addition, Host is a partner in several partnerships that own properties operated by us under long-term management agreements. See Footnote No. 20, “Relationship with Major Customer,” to our Financial Statements for more information.
Intellectual Property
We operate in a highly competitive industry and our brand names, trademarks, service marks, trade names, and logos are very important to the sales and marketing of our properties and services. We believe that our brand names and other intellectual property have come to represent the highest standards of quality, caring, service, and value to our customers and the traveling public. Accordingly, we register and protect our intellectual property where we deem appropriate and otherwise protect against its unauthorized use.
Summary of Properties by Brand
At year-end 2012, we operated, franchised, or licensed the following properties by brand:
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| Company-Operated | | Franchised / Licensed | | Other (3) |
Brand | Properties | | Rooms | | Properties | | Rooms | | Properties | | Rooms |
U.S. Locations | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marriott Hotels & Resorts | 135 |
| | 69,995 |
| | 185 |
| | 56,118 |
| | — |
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Marriott Conference Centers | 10 |
| | 2,915 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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JW Marriott | 15 |
| | 9,735 |
| | 7 |
| | 2,914 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Renaissance Hotels | 36 |
| | 16,447 |
| | 41 |
| | 11,801 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Renaissance ClubSport | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 349 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Gaylord Hotels | 5 |
| | 8,098 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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Autograph Collection | — |
| | — |
| | 24 |
| | 6,609 |
| | — |
| | — |
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The Ritz-Carlton | 38 |
| | 11,357 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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The Ritz-Carlton-Residential(1) | 30 |
| | 3,598 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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Courtyard | 283 |
| | 44,405 |
| | 534 |
| | 70,543 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Fairfield Inn & Suites | 3 |
| | 1,055 |
| | 675 |
| | 60,422 |
| | — |
| | — |
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SpringHill Suites | 29 |
| | 4,545 |
| | 268 |
| | 30,299 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Residence Inn | 128 |
| | 18,704 |
| | 474 |
| | 53,938 |
| | — |
| | — |
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TownePlace Suites | 22 |
| | 2,440 |
| | 186 |
| | 18,363 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Timeshare (2) | — |
| | — |
| | 50 |
| | 10,706 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Total U.S. Locations | 734 |
| | 193,294 |
| | 2,446 |
| | 322,062 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Non-U.S. Locations | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marriott Hotels & Resorts | 136 |
| | 40,125 |
| | 33 |
| | 9,971 |
| | — |
| | — |
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JW Marriott | 33 |
| | 12,128 |
| | 4 |
| | 1,016 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Renaissance Hotels | 54 |
| | 17,976 |
| | 22 |
| | 6,716 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Autograph Collection | 1 |
| | 308 |
| | 7 |
| | 748 |
| | 5 |
| | 348 |
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The Ritz-Carlton | 42 |
| | 12,410 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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The Ritz-Carlton-Residential (1) | 5 |
| | 329 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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The Ritz-Carlton Serviced Apartments | 4 |
| | 579 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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EDITION | 1 |
| | 78 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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Bulgari Hotels & Resorts | 2 |
| | 117 |
| | 1 |
| | 85 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Marriott Executive Apartments | 25 |
| | 4,066 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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AC Hotels by Marriott | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 79 |
| | 8,736 |
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Courtyard | 56 |
| | 11,808 |
| | 56 |
| | 9,797 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Fairfield Inn & Suites | — |
| | — |
| | 13 |
| | 1,568 |
| | — |
| | — |
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SpringHill Suites | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 299 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Residence Inn | 6 |
| | 749 |
| | 17 |
| | 2,480 |
| | — |
| | — |
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TownePlace Suites | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 278 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Timeshare (2) | — |
| | — |
| | 15 |
| | 2,323 |
| | — |
| | — |
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Total Non-U.S. Locations | 365 |
| | 100,673 |
| | 172 |
| | 35,281 |
| | 84 |
| | 9,084 |
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Total | 1,099 |
| | 293,967 |
| | 2,618 |
| | 357,343 |
| | 84 |
| | 9,084 |
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(1) | Represents projects where we manage the related owners’ association. We include residential products once they possess a certificate of occupancy. |
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(2) | Timeshare properties licensed by MVW under the Marriott Vacation Club, The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club, The Ritz-Carlton Residences, and Grand Residences by Marriott brand names. Includes products that are in active sales as well as those that are sold out. |
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(3) | Properties operated by unconsolidated joint ventures that hold management agreements and also provide services to franchised hotels. |
Summary of Properties by Country
At year-end 2012, we operated, franchised or licensed properties in the following 74 countries and territories:
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Country | | Properties | | Rooms |
Americas | | | | |
Argentina | | 1 | | 318 |
Aruba | | 4 | | 1,635 |
Bahamas | | 1 | | 44 |
Barbados | | 1 | | 118 |
Brazil | | 5 | | 1,243 |
British Virgin Islands | | 1 | | 58 |
Canada | | 74 | | 15,034 |
Cayman Islands | | 5 | | 772 |
Chile | | 2 | | 485 |
Colombia | | 2 | | 503 |
Costa Rica | | 6 | | 1,166 |
Curaçao | | 2 | | 484 |
Dominican Republic | | 2 | | 445 |
Ecuador | | 2 | | 401 |
El Salvador | | 1 | | 133 |
Honduras | | 1 | | 153 |
Jamaica | | 1 | | 427 |
Mexico | | 22 | | 5,421 |
Panama | | 5 | | 1,001 |
Peru | | 2 | | 453 |
Puerto Rico | | 7 | | 2,086 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | | 2 | | 541 |
Suriname | | 1 | | 140 |
Trinidad and Tobago | | 1 | | 119 |
United States | | 3,180 | | 515,356 |
U.S. Virgin Islands | | 5 | | 1,095 |
Venezuela | | 3 | | 688 |
Total Americas | | 3,339 | | 550,319 |
United Kingdom and Ireland | | | | |
Ireland | | 2 | | 462 |
United Kingdom (England, Scotland, and Wales) | | 59 | | 11,354 |
Total United Kingdom and Ireland | | 61 | | 11,816 |
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Middle East and Africa | | | | |
Algeria | | 1 |
| | 204 |
Bahrain | | 3 |
| | 537 |
Egypt | | 7 |
| | 3,430 |
Jordan | | 3 |
| | 644 |
Kuwait | | 2 |
| | 577 |
Oman | | 2 |
| | 495 |
Pakistan | | 2 |
| | 508 |
Qatar | | 6 |
| | 1,509 |
Saudi Arabia | | 6 |
| | 1,651 |
United Arab Emirates | | 9 |
| | 2,370 |
Total Middle East and Africa | | 41 |
| | 11,925 |
Asia | | | | |
China | | 62 |
| | 23,483 |
Guam | | 1 |
| | 436 |
India | | 16 |
| | 3,909 |
Indonesia | | 10 |
| | 2,263 |
Japan | | 10 |
| | 3,149 |
Malaysia | | 7 |
| | 3,019 |
Philippines | | 2 |
| | 657 |
Singapore | | 3 |
| | 1,059 |
South Korea | | 5 |
| | 1,751 |
Thailand | | 15 |
| | 3,240 |
Vietnam | | 1 |
| | 336 |
Total Asia | | 132 |
| | 43,302 |
Australia | | 5 |
| | 1,527 |
Continental Europe | | | | |
Azerbaijan | | 1 |
| | 243 |
Armenia | | 2 |
| | 326 |
Austria | | 8 |
| | 1,922 |
Belgium | | 5 |
| | 881 |
Czech Republic | | 6 |
| | 1,088 |
Denmark | | 1 |
| | 401 |
France | | 18 |
| | 3,801 |
Georgia | | 2 |
| | 245 |
Germany | | 28 |
| | 6,524 |
Greece | | 1 |
| | 314 |
Hungary | | 4 |
| | 892 |
Israel | | 1 |
| | 342 |
Italy | | 21 |
| | 3,291 |
Kazakhstan | | 3 |
| | 465 |
Netherlands | | 3 |
| | 945 |
Poland | | 2 |
| | 754 |
Portugal | | 6 |
| | 1,233 |
Romania | | 1 |
| | 401 |
Russia | | 14 |
| | 3,498 |
Spain | | 79 |
| | 9,910 |
Sweden | | 2 |
| | 406 |
Switzerland | | 6 |
| | 1,181 |
Turkey | | 9 |
| | 2,442 |
Total Continental Europe | | 223 |
| | 41,505 |
| | | | |
Total | | 3,801 |
| | 660,394 |
Descriptions of Our Brands
North American Full-Service Segment, North American Limited-Service Segment,
International Segment Lodging Products
Marriott Hotels & Resorts is our global flagship brand, primarily serving business and leisure upper-upscale travelers and meeting groups. Marriott Hotels & Resorts properties seek to be "brilliant hosts" to guests who blend life and work and who are inspired by how modern travel enhances both. Properties are located in downtown, urban, and suburban areas, near airports, and at resort locations.
Typically, properties contain 300 to 700 well-appointed rooms, convention and banquet facilities, destination-driven restaurants and lounges, room service, concierge lounges, fitness centers, swimming pools, wireless Internet access in public spaces, and parking facilities. Sixteen properties have over 1,000 rooms. Many resort properties have additional recreational facilities, such as tennis courts, golf courses, additional restaurants and lounges, and spa facilities. New and renovated properties typically showcase the Marriott Greatroom lobby experience, dynamic public spaces that flex to meet a wide variety of the social, mobile, and collaborative behaviors of today's traveler. Many properties feature the new Marriott guest room, a contemporary residential design with rich woods and architectural detail, flat-screen high-definition televisions, in-room high-speed Internet access, “plug ‘n play” technology, and bathrooms embodying spa-like luxury. At year-end 2012, there were 489 Marriott Hotels & Resorts properties (176,209 rooms), excluding JW Marriott and Marriott Conference Centers.
At year-end 2012, there were 10 Marriott Conference Centers (2,915 rooms) throughout the United States. Some of the centers are used exclusively by employees of sponsoring organizations, while others are marketed to outside meeting groups and individuals. In addition to the features found in a typical Marriott Hotels & Resorts property, the centers typically include expanded meeting room space, banquet and dining facilities, and recreational facilities.
JW Marriott is a global luxury brand made up of a collection of beautiful properties and resorts that cater to accomplished, discerning travelers seeking an elegant environment with discreet personal service. JW Marriott's elegant yet approachable positioning provides a differentiated offering in the luxury hotel market, bridging the gap between full service hotel brands and the super luxury brands at the top of the tier. At year-end 2012, there were 59 properties (25,793 rooms) primarily located in gateway cities and upscale locations throughout the world. JW Marriott offers anticipatory service and exceptional amenities, many with world-class golf and spa facilities. In addition to the features found in a typical Marriott Hotels & Resorts property, the facilities and amenities at JW Marriott properties normally include larger guest rooms, higher-end décor and furnishings, upgraded in-room amenities, upgraded executive lounges, business centers and fitness centers, and 24-hour room service.
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Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Marriott Conference Centers, and JW Marriott Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2012 | | Properties | | |
United States (42 states and the District of Columbia) | | 352 |
| | (141,677 rooms) |
Non-U.S. (58 countries and territories) | | | | |
Americas | | 49 |
| | |
Continental Europe | | 41 |
| | |
United Kingdom and Ireland | | 51 |
| | |
Asia | | 42 |
| | |
Middle East and Africa | | 19 |
| | |
Australia | | 4 |
| | |
Total Non-U.S. | | 206 |
| | (63,240 rooms) |
Renaissance Hotels is a global, full-service brand that targets lifestyle-oriented business travelers who are "discoverers at heart" and who value business travel as a way to explore the world. Each Renaissance hotel offers its own personality, local flavor, and distinctive style and provides guests the opportunity to discover something new at every turn. Two innovations include the Navigator program, which helps guests discover authentic local establishments, and RLife® LIVE, which helps guests discover emerging talent in music, films, arts, and more. For group customers, Renaissance offers R.E.N. Meetings, which includes Renaissance sensory meeting space and table settings, Entertainment with RLife LIVE, and Navigator local experts, all built on our company's trusted meetings expertise and heritage.
Renaissance Hotels' diverse portfolio includes historic icons, modern boutiques, exotic resorts, and convention hotels. Most properties contain from 250 to 500 rooms, featuring modern chic design, lively bars and lounges, and creative meeting and banquet facilities. At year-end 2012, there were 155 Renaissance Hotels properties (53,289 rooms), including two Renaissance ClubSport properties (349 rooms).
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Renaissance Hotels Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2012 | | Properties | | |
United States (28 states and the District of Columbia) | | 79 |
| | (28,597 rooms) |
Non-U.S. (33 countries and territories) | | | | |
Americas | | 9 |
| | |
Continental Europe | | 31 |
| | |
United Kingdom and Ireland | | 4 |
| | |
Asia | | 29 |
| | |
Middle East and Africa | | 3 |
| | |
Total Non-U.S. | | 76 |
| | (24,692 rooms) |
Autograph Collection Hotels. The Autograph Collection is a diverse group of upper-upscale and luxury independent hotels located in major cities and desired destinations worldwide. Hotels are selected for uncompromising quality, rich character, and uncommon details. Autograph Collection hotels reflect the adventurous spirit of the guests who seek them out. Each property in the Collection offers unique décor, design, and guest experiences, providing our company the opportunity to attract new guests who prefer original and varying hotel experiences that our other brands do not offer. The Collection provides owners of high-quality hotels with a much stronger consumer offering through our leading reservations and marketing platforms and our world-class rewards programs. At year-end 2012, there were 37 Autograph Collection properties (8,013 rooms) operating in nine countries and territories.
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Autograph Collection Hotels Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2012 | | Properties | | |
United States (13 states) | | 24 |
| | (6,609 rooms) |
Non-U.S. (8 countries and territories) | | | | |
Americas | | 2 |
| | |
Continental Europe | | 10 |
| | |
Asia | | 1 |
| | |
Total Non-U.S. | | 13 |
| | (1,404 rooms) |
Gaylord Hotels. With its world-class group and convention-oriented hotels, Gaylord Hotels is a leader in the group and meetings business and complements our existing network of large convention hotels. Gaylord Hotels properties are located in Prince George's County, Maryland near Washington, D.C. (Gaylord National®), in Nashville, Tennessee (Gaylord Opryland® and the Inn at Opryland), in Kissimmee, Florida near Orlando (Gaylord Palms®) and in Lake Grapevine, Texas, near Dallas (Gaylord Texan®). Gaylord Hotels properties are designed to celebrate the heritage of their destinations. Properties typically have between approximately 1,400 rooms and 2,900 rooms, extensive meeting and convention space ranging from 400,000 to 600,000 square feet, from four to 15 restaurants, eateries and bars, and retail outlets serving groups and transient travelers. Fueled by the brand’s hallmark "Everything in one place" concept, each Gaylord Hotels resort blends magnificent settings, luxurious rooms, and world-class dining and entertainment offerings. Gaylord Hotels properties invite their guests to experience live music, dining, dancing, sporting activities, shopping, golf, movies, and more, all in one place. We also manage the Gaylord Springs Golf Links, the Wildhorse Saloon, and the General Jackson Showboat located at or near the Gaylord Opryland in Nashville. At year-end 2012, there were five Gaylord Hotels properties (8,098 rooms, including the 303 room Inn at Opryland) operating in the United States.
AC Hotels by Marriott. We are a partner with AC Hoteles, S.A. of Spain in joint ventures that created the “AC Hotels by Marriott” co-brand. AC Hotels by Marriott is designed to attract the upper-moderate design-conscious guest looking for a cosmopolitan hotel in a great city location. The brand features stylish, sleek designs with limited food and beverage offerings. AC Hotels typically contain 50 to 150 rooms and are located in destination, downtown, and suburban markets. Each hotel has its own unique style and character, but all feature the signature “AC Bed” with four large pillows and built-in reading light.
Other hotel amenities include a mini-bar, 24-hour room service, laundry service, exclusive bathroom amenities, writing desk, and Wi-Fi. AC Hotels also feature “AC Fitness” centers with state-of-the-art exercise equipment and the “AC Lounge” where guests can relax and unwind. Small meeting rooms can be found in most hotels that enable guests to have private board meetings or intimate social gatherings. At year-end 2012, there were 79 AC Hotels by Marriott properties (8,736 rooms) in Spain, Italy, France, and Portugal.
Courtyard is our hotel product designed for the upper-moderate price tier. Focused primarily on transient business travel, Courtyard hotels are designed to offer a refreshing environment to help guests stay connected, productive, and balanced, while accommodating their need for choice and control when traveling. The hotels typically contain 90 to 150 rooms in suburban locales and 140 to 340 rooms in downtown domestic and international locales. Well-landscaped grounds typically include a courtyard with a pool and outdoor social areas. Hotels feature functionally designed guest rooms and meeting rooms, free in-room high-speed Internet access, free wireless high-speed Internet access (Wi-Fi) in the lobby (in North America), a swimming pool, an exercise room, and The Market (a self-serve food store open 24 hours a day). While many hotels currently offer a breakfast buffet, the brand is transitioning to a new state-of-the-art lobby design and new food and beverage concept called The Bistro - Eat. Drink. Connect.® This paid food and beverage guest service offers fresh and healthy meals for both breakfast and dinner along with Starbucks® Coffee, specialty espresso drinks, and a full evening bar service. The multifunctional lobby space enables guests to work, relax, eat, drink, and socialize at their own pace, taking advantage of enhanced technology and The Bistro’s offerings. We are implementing this new, sophisticated lobby design to keep Courtyard well positioned against its competition by providing better value through superior facilities, technology, and service to generate stronger connections with our guests. At year-end 2012, over 70 percent of our North American Courtyard hotels had completed the new lobby design. At year-end 2012, there were 929 Courtyard properties (136,553 rooms) operating in 38 countries and territories.
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Courtyard Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2012 | | Properties | | |
United States (49 states and the District of Columbia) | | 817 |
| | (114,948 rooms) |
Non-U.S. (37 countries and territories) | | | | |
Americas | | 42 |
| | |
Continental Europe | | 43 |
| | |
United Kingdom and Ireland | | 1 |
| | |
Asia | | 21 |
| | |
Middle East and Africa | | 4 |
| | |
Australia | | 1 |
| | |
Total Non-U.S. | | 112 |
| | (21,605 rooms) |
Fairfield Inn & Suites (which includes Fairfield Inn and Fairfield Inn & Suites) is an established leader in the moderate-price tier segment and is targeted primarily at value-conscious business travelers. Fairfield Inn & Suites’ new prototype provides owners and investors with options and flexibility to meet specific market needs. Whether the hotel is located in an urban, secondary, or tertiary market, this innovative design allows owners to adapt the model based on location and site requirements. A typical Fairfield Inn & Suites or Fairfield Inn property has 60 to 140 rooms in suburban locations and up to 200 rooms in urban destinations. Fairfield Inn & Suites offers a wide range of amenities, including free in-room high-speed Internet access and free Wi-Fi access in the lobby, on-site business services (copying, faxing, and printing), a business center/lobby computer with Internet access and print capability, complimentary hot continental breakfast buffet, The Market (a self-serve food store open 24 hours a day, at most locations), exercise facilities (at most locations), and a swimming pool. Additionally, suite rooms (approximately 25 percent of the rooms at a typical Fairfield Inn & Suites) provide guests with separate areas for sleeping, working, and relaxing as well as in-room amenities including a microwave and refrigerator. At year-end 2012, there were 457 Fairfield Inn & Suites properties and 234 Fairfield Inn properties (63,045 rooms combined total) operating in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
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Fairfield Inn & Suites and Fairfield Inn Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2012 | | Properties | | |
United States (49 states and the District of Columbia) | | 678 |
| | (61,477 rooms) |
Non-U.S. Americas (Canada and Mexico) | | 13 |
| | (1,568 rooms) |
Residence Inn is North America’s leading upscale extended-stay hotel brand designed for frequent and extended stay business and leisure travelers staying five or more nights. Residence Inn provides upscale design and style with spacious suites that feature separate living, sleeping, and working areas, as well as kitchens with full-size appliances. Building on the brand’s innovative spirit, Residence Inn is evolving to better support our guests with our new guest room designs, featuring a new desk design that offers room to spread out and work in comfort, a signature sofa that offers a place to work and relax, and an updated bath area with thoughtful storage. Additionally, we have created a fresh, stylish, residential design for the lobby space to encourage guests to enjoy time with friends and family outside their suites. Guests can maintain their own pace and routines through free in-room high-speed Internet access and free Wi-Fi access in the lobby, on-site exercise options, and comfortable places to work or relax. Additional amenities include free hot breakfast and evening social events, free grocery shopping services, 24-hour friendly and knowledgeable staffing, and laundry facilities. At year-end 2012, there were 625 Residence Inn properties (75,871 rooms) operating in six countries and territories.
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Residence Inn Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2012 | | Properties | | |
United States (48 states and the District of Columbia) | | 602 |
| | (72,642 rooms) |
Non-U.S. (5 countries and territories) | | | | |
Americas | | 20 |
| | |
Continental Europe | | 1 |
| | |
United Kingdom and Ireland | | 1 |
| | |
Middle East and Africa | | 1 |
| | |
Total Non-U.S. | | 23 |
| | (3,229 rooms) |
SpringHill Suites is our all-suite brand in the upper-moderate-price tier primarily targeting business and leisure travelers who are looking for extra space and style with a great value. Fusing form and function with modern décor and creature comforts like great bedding, good food, and fitness options, SpringHill Suites delivers a stimulating and enriching experience for its target guests, who are "independent social explorers" looking for extra space and style with a great value. SpringHill Suites properties typically have 90 to 165 suites that have approximately 25 percent more space than a traditional hotel guest room with separate areas for sleeping, working, and relaxing. The brand offers a broad range of amenities, including free in-room high-speed Internet access and free Wi-Fi access in the lobby, The Market (a self-serve food store open 24 hours a day), complimentary hot breakfast buffet, lobby computer and on-site business services (copying, faxing, and printing), exercise facilities, and a swimming pool. At year-end 2012, there were 297 properties (34,844 rooms) operating in the United States and 2 properties (299 rooms) in Canada.
TownePlace Suites is a moderately priced extended-stay hotel brand designed to appeal to business and leisure travelers who stay for five nights or more. Created for the self-sufficient, value-conscious traveler who has a preference for a simple, comfortable and convenient hotel experience, each suite provides functional spaces for living and working, including a full kitchen and a home office. TownePlace Suites associates provide insightful local knowledge, and each hotel specializes in delivering service that helps guests settle in, maintain their day-to-day routine, and connect to the local area. Additional amenities include housekeeping services, breakfast, on-site exercise facilities, a pool, 24-hour staffing, free in-room high-speed Internet access and free Wi-Fi access in the lobby, and laundry facilities. At year-end 2012, there were 208 properties (20,803 rooms) operating in the United States (42 states) and two properties (278 rooms) operating in Canada.
Marriott Executive Apartments provide temporary housing (“Serviced Apartments”) for business executives and others who need quality accommodations outside their home country, usually for 30 or more days. These full-service apartments are designed with upscale finishes and a wide variety of amenities including a 24-hour front desk, housekeeping services, and on-site laundry facilities. With all the space of a high-end apartment and all the services of our skilled staff, Marriott Executive Apartments offers a truly unique solution for long-term international guests. At year-end 2012, 23 Marriott Executive Apartments and two other Serviced Apartments properties (4,066 rooms total) were located in 16 countries and territories. All Marriott Executive Apartments are located outside the United States.
Luxury Segment Lodging Products
The Ritz-Carlton is one of the world's leading global luxury lifestyle brands, with hotels and resorts renowned for their extraordinary locations, inspired design, and legendary service. The brand, designed to appeal to the guest who enjoys genuine care and comfort, seeks to provide unique, memorable, and personal experiences that transcend luxury hospitality and create indelible marks in guests' lives. The Ritz-Carlton properties typically include elegant spa and wellness facilities, restaurants led by celebrity chefs, championship golf courses (at resort properties), 24-hour room service, twice-daily housekeeping, fitness
and business centers, meeting and banquet facilities, concierge services, and The Ritz-Carlton Club® Level. The Ritz-Carlton is a highly reputable, award-winning organization and the only service company to have twice earned the prestigious Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. At year-end 2012, there were 84 The Ritz-Carlton hotel properties (24,346 rooms) and 35 home and condominium projects (3,927 units) for which we manage the related owners' associations operating in 28 countries and territories.
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The Ritz-Carlton Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2012 (1) | | Properties | | |
United States (17 states and the District of Columbia) | | 68 |
| | (14,955 rooms) |
Non-U.S. (27 countries and territories) | | | | |
Americas | | 12 |
| | |
Continental Europe | | 8 |
| | |
United Kingdom and Ireland | | 1 |
| | |
Asia | | 21 |
| | |
Middle East and Africa | | 9 |
| | |
Total Non-U.S. | | 51 |
| | (13,318 rooms) |
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(1) | Includes 35 home and condominium projects (3,927 units) for which we manage the related owners’ associations. |
Bulgari Hotels & Resorts. Bulgari Hotels & Resorts is the product of a joint venture between us and Italian jeweler and luxury goods designer Bulgari SpA. The Bulgari Hotels & Resorts brand offers distinctive luxury hotel properties located in gateway cities and exclusive resorts around the world. These innovative hotels combine Bulgari style with incredible service in an informal yet impeccable setting, providing a flawless experience sought by the most discriminating guests. At year-end 2012, there were three Bulgari properties: the Bulgari Milan Hotel (58 rooms), in Milan, Italy, the Bulgari Bali Resort (59 private villas, two restaurants, and comprehensive spa facilities), and the Bulgari Hotel in London, England (85 rooms) overlooking Hyde Park and Knightsbridge. We also operate two restaurants in Tokyo, Japan, which are co-located with two Bulgari retail stores. The hotels are designed by renowned Italian designer Antonio Citterio and the furnishings and detailing embody the idea of contemporary luxury. We operate all of the Bulgari Hotels & Resorts brand properties and restaurants other than the hotel in London, which is franchised. Other projects are currently in various stages of development in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and North America.
EDITION. In collaboration with hotel innovator Ian Schrager, EDITION is a brand of next-generation luxury lifestyle boutique hotels designed by Schrager and operated by Marriott. EDITION hotels offer a personal, intimate, individualized, and unique lodging experience on a global scale. The brand’s approach and attitude toward the modern lifestyle provides a unifying aesthetic, with exceptional design, the highest quality, character and originality, and impeccable service. EDITION showcases the finest dining and entertainment options, services, amenities and offerings for guests and locals in the know. At year-end 2012, the brand operated an award-winning 78-room hotel in Istanbul, Turkey and is scheduled to open hotels in London (2013), Miami Beach (2014), New York (2014), Bangkok (2015), Abu Dhabi (2015), Sanya, China (2015), and Gurgaon, India (2015), with other projects under development in key locations around the world. While we are developing and constructing the EDITION hotels in London, Miami Beach, and New York with our own funds, we intend to sell these hotels to third parties as soon as possible and retain long-term management agreements.
Licensed Timeshare Brands
On November 21, 2011 ("the spin-off date"), we completed a spin-off of our timeshare operations and timeshare development business through a special tax-free dividend to our shareholders of all of the issued and outstanding common stock of our then wholly owned subsidiary MVW. Before the spin-off date, we developed, operated, marketed, and sold timeshare interval, fractional ownership, and residential properties as part of our former Timeshare segment under four brand names - Marriott Vacation Club, The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club, The Ritz-Carlton Residences, and Grand Residences by Marriott. In conjunction with the spin-off, we entered into licensing agreements with MVW for MVW’s use of the Marriott timeshare and Ritz-Carlton fractional brands. See Footnote No. 16, "Spin-off," to our Financial Statements for more information on the spin-off.
Under the licensing agreements, MVW is the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller, and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club and Grand Residences by Marriott brands. MVW is also the exclusive global developer, marketer, and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club brand. Ritz-Carlton generally provides on-site management for Ritz-Carlton branded properties. We receive license fees under the licensing agreements with MVW.
Many resorts are located adjacent to hotels we operate, such as Marriott Hotels & Resorts and The Ritz-Carlton, and owners have access to certain hotel facilities during their vacation.
We license the following brands to MVW:
Marriott Vacation Club is MVW's signature offering in the upscale tier of the vacation ownership industry. Marriott Vacation Club resorts typically combine many of the comforts of home, such as spacious accommodations with one-, two- and three-bedroom options, living and dining areas, and in-unit kitchens and laundry facilities, with resort amenities such as large feature swimming pools, restaurants and bars, convenience stores, and fitness facilities and spas, as well as sports and recreation facilities appropriate for each resort's unique location.
Grand Residences by Marriott is an upscale tier vacation ownership and whole ownership residence brand. MVW's vacation ownership products under this brand include multi-week ownership interests. The ownership structure and physical products for these locations are similar to those MVW offers to Marriott Vacation Club owners, although the time period for each Grand Residences by Marriott ownership interest ranges between three and 13 weeks. MVW also offers whole ownership residential products under this brand.
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club is MVW's vacation ownership offering in the luxury tier of the industry. The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club provides luxurious vacation experiences commensurate with The Ritz-Carlton brand. The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resorts typically feature two-, three- and four-bedroom units that generally include marble foyers, walk-in closets, custom kitchen cabinetry, and luxury resort amenities such as large feature pools and full-service restaurants and bars. We deliver on-site services, which usually include daily maid service, valet, in-residence dining, and access to fitness facilities as well as spa and sports facilities as appropriate for each destination, through our Ritz-Carlton subsidiary.
The Ritz-Carlton Residences is a whole ownership residence brand in the luxury tier of the industry. The Ritz-Carlton Residences include luxury residential condominiums and home sites for luxury home construction co-located with certain The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resorts. Owners can typically purchase condominiums that vary in size from one-bedroom apartments to spacious penthouses. The Ritz-Carlton Residences are situated in settings ranging from city center locations to golf and beach communities with private homes where residents can avail themselves of the services and facilities on an a la carte basis that are associated with the co-located The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resort. We deliver on-site services through our Ritz-Carlton subsidiary. While the worldwide residential market is very large, the luxurious nature of The Ritz-Carlton Residences properties, the quality and exclusivity associated with The Ritz-Carlton brand, and the hospitality services that are provided all make The Ritz-Carlton Residences properties distinctive.
MVW offers Marriott Rewards® Points and The Ritz-Carlton Rewards® Points to its owners or potential owners as sales, tour, and financing incentives, in exchange for vacation ownership usage rights, for customer referrals, and to resolve customer service issues. MVW buys these points from our Marriott Rewards and Ritz-Carlton Rewards programs.
At year-end 2012, MVW operated 65 properties, primarily in the United States, but also in other countries and territories.
Other Activities
Credit Card Programs. At year-end 2012, we had six credit card programs in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, which include both Marriott Rewards and The Ritz-Carlton Rewards credit cards. We earn licensing fees based on card usage, and the cards are designed to encourage loyalty to our brands.
Sales and Marketing, Loyalty Programs, and Reservation Systems. We focus on increasing value for the consumer and “selling the way the customer wants to buy.” Our Look No Further® Best Rate Guarantee gives customers access to the same rates whether they book through our telephone reservation system, our website, or any other Marriott reservation channel. Our strong Marriott Rewards and The Ritz-Carlton Rewards programs and our information-rich and easy-to-use Marriott.com website are also key to our success.
With nearly 34 million visitors each month and $8.1 billion in annual property-level gross revenues, Marriott.com remains one of the largest online retail sites in the world, and one of the fastest growing sales channels in our system. In 2012, continued improvements to our mobile services helped Marriott Mobile become the third largest mobile commerce platform after Amazon.com and Apple, according to Internet Retailer (September 2012). We continue to enhance our mobile offerings to make it easier for our guests to find and book our hotels on the go and enhance their experiences during their stay. In 2012, we introduced Marriott.jp, adding Japanese language capability to our online platforms. Together with Spanish, German, French, and Chinese, our guests now have a wider selection of languages with which to discover our properties.
We are a founding venture partner along with five other major hotel chains in Roomkey.com, an industry online referral and lead generation site. Roomkey.com launched in January 2012 and allows consumers to research hotel options across multiple brands. When a Roomkey.com customer selects a hotel with one of our brands, the customer books directly on Marriott.com. We expect Roomkey.com will be a more cost-effective and efficient business model for properties in our system than other online travel sites.
At year-end 2012, we operated 15 systemwide hotel reservation centers, eight in the United States and Canada and seven in other countries and territories, which handle reservation requests for our lodging brands worldwide, including franchised properties. We own one of the U.S. facilities and lease the others. Our reservation system manages and controls inventory availability and pricing set by our hotels and allows us to utilize online and offline agents where cost effective. With over 3,800 properties in our system, economies of scale enable us to minimize costs per occupied room, drive profits for our owners and franchisees, and enhance our fee revenue.
Our global sales and revenue management organization focuses on optimizing our investment in people, processes, and systems and develops and implements plans and strategies that are tailored to specific markets around the world. Our above-property sales deployment strategy aligns our sales efforts around customer needs, reducing duplication of sales efforts by individual hotels and allowing us to cover a larger number of accounts. We consider our new global sales and revenue management organization to be a key competitive advantage for us. We utilize innovative sophisticated revenue management systems, many of which are proprietary, that provide a competitive advantage in pricing decisions, increase efficiency in analysis and decision making, and produce increased property-level revenue for the hotels in our system. Most of the hotels in our system utilize web-based programs to effectively manage the rate set up and modification processes which provides for greater pricing flexibility, reduces time spent on rate program creation and maintenance, and increases the speed to market of new products and services. For our company-managed hotels in North America, at year-end 2012, approximately one-third of our sales staff worked on-property, approximately one-third worked in outside sales (spending the majority of their time meeting in customer offices), and approximately one-third responded to customer requests in state-of-the-art sales offices.
Our customer loyalty programs, Marriott Rewards and The Ritz-Carlton Rewards, have over 41 million members and 14 participating brands. MVW and other program partners also participate in our rewards programs. The rewards programs yield repeat guest business by rewarding frequent stays with points toward free hotel stays and other rewards, or airline miles with any of 35 participating airline programs. We believe that our rewards programs generate substantial repeat business that might otherwise go to competing hotels. In 2012, rewards program members purchased over 50 percent of our room nights. We continue to enhance our rewards program offerings and strategically market to this large and growing customer base. Our loyal rewards member base provides a low cost and high impact vehicle for our revenue generation efforts. See the "Our Rewards Programs" caption in Footnote No. 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for more information.
As we further discuss in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” later in this report, we utilize sophisticated technology and systems in our reservation, revenue management, and property management systems, in our Marriott Rewards and The Ritz-Carlton Rewards programs, and in other aspects of our business. We also make certain technologies available to our guests. Keeping pace with developments in technology is important for our operations and our competitive position. Furthermore, the integrity and protection of customer, employee, and company data is critical to us as we use such data for business decisions and to maintain operational efficiency.
Environmental Responsibility and "Green" Hotels. Building on more than 20 years of energy conservation experience, we are committed to protecting the environment. Our “Spirit to Preserve®” environmental strategy calls for: greening our multi-billion dollar supply chain; further reducing fuel and water consumption; empowering our hotel development partners to build green hotels; educating and inspiring employees and guests to conserve and preserve; and investing in innovative, large-scale conservation projects worldwide.
We were the first in the hospitality industry to launch a series of green hotel prototypes that have been pre-approved by U.S. Green Building Council (“USGBC”) as part of its Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (“LEED”) Volume program, meaning that any hotel that follows these plans will earn basic LEED® certification, or possibly higher, upon final
USGBC approval while also reducing energy and water consumption up to 25 percent. We are also the first in our industry to offer a green hotel prototype for five brands: Courtyard, SpringHill Suites, Fairfield Inn & Suites, Residence Inn, and TownePlace Suites. Our first two LEED Volume hotels, the Courtyard Scottsdale Salt River in Arizona and the TownePlace Suites Denver Airport at Gateway Park in Colorado opened in the second quarter of 2012. We also opened the Courtyard Kansas City at Briarcliff in Missouri in the third quarter of 2012 and the TownePlace Suites Frederick in Frederick, Maryland in the fourth quarter of 2012. Nine additional LEED Volume hotel projects are in development or under construction.
Our Architecture and Construction (“A&C”) division provides design, development, construction, refurbishment, and procurement services to owners and franchisees of lodging properties on a voluntary basis outside the scope of and separate from our management or franchise contracts. Similar to third-party contractors, A&C provides these services for owners and franchisees of Marriott-branded properties on a fee basis.
Marriott Golf. At year-end 2012, Marriott Golf managed 37 golf course facilities as part of our management of hotels and for other golf course owners. In addition, we provide certain services to six facilities operated by others.
Competition. We encounter strong competition both as a lodging operator and as a franchisor. There are approximately 850 lodging management companies in the United States, including approximately 10 that operate more than 100 properties. These operators are primarily private management firms, but also include several large national chains that own and operate their own hotels and also franchise their brands. Our management contracts are typically long-term in nature, but most allow the hotel owner to replace the management firm if certain financial or performance criteria are not met.
During the recent recession we experienced a significant reduction in demand for hotel rooms, particularly in 2009, and we took steps to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency. Due to the competitive nature of our industry, we focused these efforts on areas that had limited or no impact on the guest experience. While demand trends globally improved in 2010, 2011, and 2012, additional cost reductions could become necessary to preserve operating margins if demand trends reverse. If any such efforts become necessary, we would expect to implement them in a manner designed to maintain customer loyalty, owner preference, and associate satisfaction, in order to help maintain or increase our market share.
Affiliation with a national or regional brand is prevalent in the U.S. lodging industry, and we believe that our brand recognition gives us a competitive advantage in attracting and retaining guests, owners and franchisees. In 2012, approximately 69 percent of U.S. hotel rooms were brand-affiliated. Most of the branded properties are franchises, under which the operator pays the franchisor a fee for use of its hotel name and reservation system. The franchising business is concentrated, with the six largest franchisors operating multiple brands accounting for a significant proportion of all U.S. rooms.
Outside the United States, branding is much less prevalent and most markets are served primarily by independent operators, although branding is more common for new hotel development. We believe that chain affiliation will increase in overseas markets as local economies grow, trade barriers are reduced, international travel accelerates, and hotel owners seek the economies of centralized reservation systems and marketing programs.
Based on lodging industry data, we have approximately a ten percent share of the U.S. hotel market (based on number of rooms) and we estimate a one percent share of the lodging market outside the United States. We believe that our hotel brands are attractive to hotel owners seeking a management company or franchise affiliation because our hotels typically generate higher occupancies and Revenue per Available Room (“RevPAR”) than our direct competitors in most market areas. We attribute this performance premium to our success in achieving and maintaining strong customer preference. We believe that the location and quality of our lodging facilities, our marketing programs, our reservation systems, and our emphasis on guest service and guest and associate satisfaction are contributing factors across all of our brands.
Properties that we operate, franchise, or license are regularly upgraded to maintain their competitiveness. Most of our management agreements provide for the allocation of funds, generally a fixed percentage of revenue, for periodic renovation of buildings and replacement of furnishings. These ongoing refurbishment programs, along with periodic brand initiatives, are generally adequate to preserve or enhance the competitive position and earning power of the properties. Properties converting to one of our brands typically complete renovations as needed in conjunction with the conversion.
Employee Relations
At year-end 2012, we had approximately 127,000 employees, approximately 9,900 of whom were represented by labor unions. We believe relations with our employees are positive.
Environmental Compliance
The properties we operate or develop are subject to national, state, and local laws and regulations that govern the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relate to protecting the environment. Those environmental provisions include requirements that address health and safety; the use, management, and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes; and emission or discharge of wastes or other materials. We believe that our operation of properties and our development of properties comply, in all material respects, with environmental laws and regulations. Our compliance with such provisions also has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position, and we do not anticipate that such compliance will have a material impact in the future.
Internet Address and Company SEC Filings
Our Internet address is Marriott.com. On the investor relations portion of our website, Marriott.com/investor, we provide a link to our electronic filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), including our annual report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports. All such filings are available free of charge and are available as soon as reasonably practicable after filing. The information found on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
Forward-Looking Statements
We make forward-looking statements in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this report based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements include information about our possible or assumed future results of operations, which follow under the headings “Business and Overview,” “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and other statements throughout this report preceded by, followed by or that include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” or similar expressions.
Any number of risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those we express in our forward-looking statements, including the risks and uncertainties we describe below and other factors we describe from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC. We therefore caution you not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise.
Risks and Uncertainties
We are subject to various risks that could have a negative effect on us or on our financial condition. You should understand that these risks could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements contained in this report or in other Company communications. Because there is no way to determine in advance whether, or to what extent, any present uncertainty will ultimately impact our business, you should give equal weight to each of the following:
Our industry is highly competitive, which may impact our ability to compete successfully with other hotel properties for customers. We generally operate in markets that contain numerous competitors. Each of our hotel brands competes with major hotel chains in national and international venues and with independent companies in regional markets. Our ability to remain competitive and to attract and retain business and leisure travelers depends on our success in distinguishing the quality, value, and efficiency of our lodging products and services, including our loyalty programs and consumer-facing technology platforms and services, from those offered by others. If we cannot compete successfully in these areas, our operating margins could contract, our market share could decrease, and our earnings could decline.
Economic uncertainty could continue to impact our financial results and growth. Weak economic conditions in Europe and other parts of the world, the strength or continuation of recovery in countries that have experienced improved economic conditions, potential disruptions in the U.S. economy as a result of governmental action or inaction on the federal deficit, budget, and related issues, political instability in some areas, and the uncertainty over how long any of these conditions will continue, could continue to have a negative impact on the lodging industry. U.S. government travel is also a significant part of our business, and our business could suffer if budget-related decisions reduce the amount of travel by U.S. government employees and contractors or place restrictions on aspects of travel. As a result of such current economic conditions and uncertainty, we continue to experience weakened demand for our hotel rooms in some markets. Recent improvements in demand trends in other markets may not continue, and our future financial results and growth could be further harmed or constrained if the recovery stalls or conditions worsen.
Operational Risks
Premature termination of our management or franchise agreements could hurt our financial performance. Our hotel management and franchise agreements may be subject to premature termination in certain circumstances, such as the bankruptcy of a hotel owner or franchisee, or a failure under some agreements to meet specified financial or performance criteria that are subject to the risks described in this section, which the Company fails or elects not to cure. A significant loss of agreements due to premature terminations could hurt our financial performance or our ability to grow our business.
Our lodging operations are subject to global, regional, and national conditions. Because we conduct our business on a global platform, our activities are affected by changes in global and regional economies. In recent years, our business has been hurt by decreases in travel resulting from weak economic conditions and the heightened travel security measures that have resulted from the threat of further terrorism. Our future performance could be similarly affected by the economic environment in each of the regions in which we operate, the resulting unknown pace of business travel, and the occurrence of any future incidents in those regions.
The growing significance of our operations outside of the United States also makes us increasingly susceptible to the risks of doing business internationally, which could lower our revenues, increase our costs, reduce our profits, or disrupt our business. We currently operate or franchise hotels and resorts in 74 countries, and our operations outside the United States
represented approximately 16 percent of our revenues in 2012. We expect that the international share of our total revenues will increase in future years. As a result, we are increasingly exposed to the challenges and risks of doing business outside the United States, which could reduce our revenues or profits, increase our costs, result in significant liabilities or sanctions, or otherwise disrupt our business. These challenges include: (1) compliance with complex and changing laws, regulations and policies of governments that may impact our operations, such as foreign ownership restrictions, import and export controls, and trade restrictions; (2) compliance with U.S. and foreign laws that affect the activities of companies abroad, such as anti-corruption laws, competition laws, currency regulations, and laws affecting dealings with certain nations; (3) limitations on our ability to repatriate non-U.S. earnings in a tax effective manner; (4) the difficulties involved in managing an organization doing business in many different countries; (5) uncertainties as to the enforceability of contract and intellectual property rights under local laws; (6) rapid changes in government policy, political or civil unrest in the Middle East and elsewhere, acts of terrorism, or the threat of international boycotts or U.S. anti-boycott legislation; and (7) currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Our new programs and new branded products may not be successful. We cannot assure you that our recently launched EDITION, Autograph Collection, and AC Hotels by Marriott brands, our recent acquisition of the Gaylord brand, or any new programs or products we may launch in the future will be accepted by hotel owners, potential franchisees, or the traveling public or other customers. We also cannot be certain that we will recover the costs we incurred in developing or acquiring the brands or any new programs or products, or that the brands or any new programs or products will be successful. In addition, some of our new brands involve or may involve cooperation and/or consultation with one or more third parties, including some shared control over product design and development, sales and marketing, and brand standards. Disagreements with these third parties could slow the development of these new brands and/or impair our ability to take actions we believe to be advisable for the success and profitability of such brands.
Risks relating to natural or man-made disasters, contagious disease, terrorist activity, and war could reduce the demand for lodging, which may adversely affect our revenues. So called “Acts of God,” such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other natural disasters and man-made disasters in recent years, such as Hurricane Sandy in the Northeastern United States, the earthquake and tsunami in Japan, and the spread of contagious diseases in locations where we own, manage, or franchise significant properties and areas of the world from which we draw a large number of customers, could cause a decline in the level of business and leisure travel and reduce the demand for lodging. Actual or threatened war, terrorist activity, political unrest, or civil strife, such as recent events in Syria, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain, and other geopolitical uncertainty could have a similar effect. Any one or more of these events may reduce the overall demand for hotel rooms and corporate apartments or limit the prices that we can obtain for them, both of which could adversely affect our profits.
Disagreements with the owners of the hotels that we manage or franchise may result in litigation or may delay implementation of product or service initiatives. Consistent with our focus on management and franchising, we own very few of our lodging properties. The nature of our responsibilities under our management agreements to manage each hotel and enforce the standards required for our brands under both management and franchise agreements may be subject to interpretation and will from time to time give rise to disagreements, which may include disagreements over the need for or payment for new product or service initiatives. Such disagreements may be more likely when hotel returns are weaker. We seek to resolve any disagreements in order to develop and maintain positive relations with current and potential hotel owners and joint venture partners but are not always able to do so. Failure to resolve such disagreements has resulted in litigation, and could do so in the future. If any such litigation results in a significant adverse judgment, settlement, or court order, we could suffer significant losses, our profits could be reduced, or our future ability to operate our business could be constrained.
Our business depends on the quality and reputation of our brands, and any deterioration in the quality or reputation of these brands could have an adverse impact on our market share, reputation, business, financial condition, or results of operations. Events that may be beyond our control could affect the reputation of one or more of our properties or more generally impact the reputation of our brands. If the reputation or perceived quality of our brands declines, our market share, reputation, business, financial condition, or results of operations could be affected.
Actions by our franchisees and licensees could adversely affect our image and reputation. We franchise and license many of our brand names and trademarks to third parties in connection with lodging, timeshare, and residential services. Under the terms of their agreements with us, our franchisees and licensees interact directly with customers and other third parties under our brand and trade names. If these franchisees or licensees fail to maintain or act in accordance with applicable brand standards, experience operational problems, or project a brand image inconsistent with ours, our image and reputation could suffer. Although our franchise and license agreements provide us with recourse and remedies in the event of a breach by the franchisee or licensee, including termination of the agreements under certain circumstances, pursuing any such recourse, remedy, or termination could be expensive and time consuming. In addition, we cannot assure you that a court would ultimately enforce our contractual termination rights in every instance.
Damage to, or losses involving, properties that we own, manage, or franchise may not be covered by insurance. We have comprehensive property and liability insurance policies with coverage features and insured limits that we believe are customary. Market forces beyond our control may nonetheless limit the scope of the insurance coverage we can obtain or our ability to obtain coverage at reasonable rates. Certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, or terrorist acts, or liabilities that result from breaches in the security of our information systems may be uninsurable or too expensive to justify obtaining insurance. As a result, we may not be successful in obtaining insurance without increases in cost or decreases in coverage levels. In addition, in the event of a substantial loss, the insurance coverage we carry may not be sufficient to pay the full market value or replacement cost of our lost investment or that of hotel owners or in some cases could result in certain losses being totally uninsured. As a result, we could lose some or all of the capital we have invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property, and we could remain obligated for guarantees, debt, or other financial obligations for the property.
Development and Financing Risks
While we are predominantly a manager and franchisor of hotel properties, our hotel owners depend on capital to buy, develop, and improve hotels, and our hotel owners may be unable to access capital when necessary. In order to fund new hotel investments, as well as refurbish and improve existing hotels, both the Company and current and potential hotel owners must periodically spend money. The availability of funds for new investments and improvement of existing hotels by our current and potential hotel owners depends in large measure on capital markets and liquidity factors, over which we can exert little control. The difficulty of obtaining financing on attractive terms, or at all, continues to constrain the capital markets for hotel and real estate investments. In addition, owners of existing hotels that we franchise or manage may have difficulty meeting required debt service payments or refinancing loans at maturity.
Our growth strategy depends upon third-party owners/operators, and future arrangements with these third parties may be less favorable. Our growth strategy for development of additional lodging facilities entails entering into and maintaining various arrangements with property owners. The terms of our management agreements, franchise agreements, and leases for each of our lodging facilities are influenced by contract terms offered by our competitors, among other things. We cannot assure you that any of our current arrangements will continue or that we will be able to enter into future collaborations, renew agreements, or enter into new agreements in the future on terms that are as favorable to us as those that exist today.
Our ability to grow our management and franchise systems is subject to the range of risks associated with real estate investments. Our ability to sustain continued growth through management or franchise agreements for new hotels and the conversion of existing facilities to managed or franchised Marriott brands is affected, and may potentially be limited, by a variety of factors influencing real estate development generally. These include site availability, financing, planning, zoning and other local approvals, and other limitations that may be imposed by market and submarket factors, such as projected room occupancy, changes in growth in demand compared to projected supply, territorial restrictions in our management and franchise agreements, costs of construction, and anticipated room rate structure.
Our development activities expose us to project cost, completion, and resale risks. We develop new hotel and residential properties, and previously developed timeshare interval and fractional ownership properties, both directly and through partnerships, joint ventures, and other business structures with third parties. As demonstrated by the 2009 and 2011 impairment charges for our former Timeshare business, our ongoing involvement in the development of properties presents a number of risks, including that: (1) continued weakness in the capital markets may limit our ability, or that of third parties with whom we do business, to raise capital for completion of projects that have commenced or for development of future properties; (2) properties that we develop could become less attractive due to further decreases in demand for residential properties, increases in mortgage rates and/or decreases in mortgage availability, market absorption or oversupply, with the result that we may not be able to sell such properties for a profit or at the prices or selling pace we anticipate, potentially requiring additional changes in our pricing strategy that could result in further charges; (3) construction delays, cost overruns, lender financial defaults, or so called “Acts of God” such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, or fires may increase overall project costs or result in project cancellations; and (4) we may be unable to recover development costs we incur for any projects that we do not pursue to completion.
Development activities that involve our co-investment with third parties may result in disputes that could increase project costs, impair project operations, or increase project completion risks. Partnerships, joint ventures, and other business structures involving our co-investment with third parties generally include some form of shared control over the operations of the business and create added risks, including the possibility that other investors in such ventures could become bankrupt or otherwise lack the financial resources to meet their obligations, or could have or develop business interests, policies, or objectives that are inconsistent with ours. Although we actively seek to minimize such risks before investing in partnerships, joint ventures, or similar structures, actions by another investor may present additional risks of project delay, increased project costs, or operational difficulties following project completion. Such disputes may also be more likely in difficult business environments.
Risks associated with development and sale of residential properties associated with our lodging properties or brands may reduce our profits. In certain hotel and timeshare projects we participate, either directly or through noncontrolling interests and/or licensing agreements, in the development and sale of residential properties associated with our brands, including residences and condominiums under our The Ritz-Carlton, EDITION, JW Marriott, Autograph Collection, and Marriott brand names and trademarks. Such projects pose further risks beyond those generally associated with our lodging businesses, which may reduce our profits or compromise our brand equity, including the following: (1) the continued weakness in residential real estate and demand generally may continue to reduce our profits and could make it more difficult to convince future hotel development partners of the value added by our brands; (2) increases in interest rates, reductions in mortgage availability, or increases in the costs of residential ownership could prevent potential customers from buying residential products or reduce the prices they are willing to pay; and (3) residential construction may be subject to warranty and liability claims, and the costs of resolving such claims may be significant.
Technology, Information Protection, and Privacy Risks
A failure to keep pace with developments in technology could impair our operations or competitive position. The lodging industry continues to demand the use of sophisticated technology and systems, including those used for our reservation, revenue management, and property management systems, our Marriott Rewards and The Ritz-Carlton Rewards programs, and technologies we make available to our guests. These technologies and systems must be refined, updated, and/or replaced with more advanced systems on a regular basis, and if we cannot do so as quickly as our competitors or within budgeted costs and time frames, our business could suffer. We also may not achieve the benefits that we anticipate from any new technology or system, and a failure to do so could result in higher than anticipated costs or could impair our operating results.
An increase in the use of third-party Internet services to book online hotel reservations could adversely impact our business. Some of our hotel rooms are booked through Internet travel intermediaries such as Expedia.com®, Travelocity.com®, and Orbitz.com®, as well as lesser-known online travel service providers. These intermediaries initially focused on leisure travel, but now also provide offerings for corporate travel and group meetings. Although Marriott’s Look No Further® Best Rate Guarantee has helped prevent customer preference shift to the intermediaries and greatly reduced the ability of intermediaries to undercut the published rates at our hotels, intermediaries continue to use a variety of aggressive online marketing methods to attract customers, including the purchase, by certain companies, of trademarked online keywords such as “Marriott” from Internet search engines such as Google®, Bing®, Yahoo®, and Baidu® to steer customers toward their websites (a practice that has been challenged by various trademark owners in federal court). Although Marriott has successfully limited these practices through contracts with key online intermediaries, the number of intermediaries and related companies that drive traffic to intermediaries’ websites is too large to permit us to eliminate this risk entirely. In addition, recent class action litigation against several online travel intermediaries and lodging companies, including Marriott, challenges the legality under antitrust law of contract provisions that support programs such as Marriott's Look No Further® Best Rate Guarantee, and we cannot assure you that the courts will ultimately uphold such provisions. Our business and profitability could be harmed if online intermediaries succeed in significantly shifting loyalties from our lodging brands to their travel services, diverting bookings away from Marriott.com, or through their fees increasing the overall cost of Internet bookings for our hotels.
Failure to maintain the integrity of internal or customer data could result in faulty business decisions, operational inefficiencies, damage to our reputation and/or subject us to costs, fines, or lawsuits. Our businesses require collection and retention of large volumes of internal and customer data, including credit card numbers and other personally identifiable information of our customers in various information systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third parties with whom we contract to provide services, including in areas such as human resources outsourcing, website hosting, and various forms of electronic communications. We and third parties who provide services to us also maintain personally identifiable information about our employees. The integrity and protection of that customer, employee, and company data is critical to us. If that data is inaccurate or incomplete, we could make faulty decisions. Our customers and employees also have a high expectation that we and our service providers will adequately protect their personal information. The information, security, and privacy requirements imposed by governmental regulation and the requirements of the payment card industry are also increasingly demanding, in both the United States and other jurisdictions where we operate. Our systems may not be able to
satisfy these changing requirements and employee and customer expectations, or may require significant additional investments or time in order to do so. Efforts to hack or breach security measures, failures of systems or software to operate as designed or intended, viruses, operator error, or inadvertent releases of data all threaten our and our service provider's information systems and records. Our reliance on computer, Internet-based and mobile systems and communications and the frequency and sophistication of efforts by hackers to gain unauthorized access to such systems have increased significantly in recent years. A significant theft, loss, or fraudulent use of customer, employee, or company data could adversely impact our reputation and could result in remedial and other expenses, fines, or litigation. A breach in the security of our information systems or those of our service providers could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits.
Changes in privacy law could adversely affect our ability to market our products effectively. We rely on a variety of direct marketing techniques, including email marketing, online advertising, and postal mailings. Any further restrictions in laws such as the CANSPAM Act, and various U.S. state laws, or new federal laws on marketing and solicitation or international data protection laws that govern these activities could adversely affect the continuing effectiveness of email, online advertising, and postal mailing techniques and could force further changes in our marketing strategy. If this occurs, we may not be able to develop adequate alternative marketing strategies, which could impact the amount and timing of our sales of certain products. We also obtain access to potential customers from travel service providers or other companies with whom we have substantial relationships and market to some individuals on these lists directly or by including our marketing message in the other company’s marketing materials. If access to these lists was prohibited or otherwise restricted, our ability to develop new customers and introduce them to our products could be impaired.
Other Risks
Changes in tax and other laws and regulations could reduce our profits or increase our costs. Our businesses are subject to regulation under a wide variety of laws, regulations, and policies in jurisdictions around the world. In response to the economic environment, we anticipate that many of the jurisdictions in which we do business will continue to review tax and other revenue raising laws, regulations, and policies, and any resulting changes could impose new restrictions, costs, or prohibitions on our current practices and reduce our profits. In particular, governments may revise tax laws, regulations, or official interpretations in ways that could have a significant impact on us, including modifications that could reduce the profits that we can effectively realize from our non-U.S. operations, or that could require costly changes to those operations, or the way in which they are structured. For example, most U.S. company effective tax rates reflect the fact that income earned and reinvested outside the United States is generally taxed at local rates, which are often much lower than U.S. tax rates. If changes in tax laws, regulations, or interpretations significantly increase the tax rates on non-U.S. income, our effective tax rate could increase and our profits could be reduced. If such increases resulted from our status as a U.S. company, those changes could place us at a disadvantage to our non-U.S. competitors if those competitors remain subject to lower local tax rates.
The 2011 spin-off of our former Timeshare business could result in significant tax liability to us and our shareholders. As discussed in more detail in Footnote No. 16, "Spin-off" to our Financial Statements, in 2011 we completed the spin-off of our timeshare operations and timeshare development business. Although we received a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and an opinion from our tax counsel confirming that the distribution of MVW common stock will not result in the recognition, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, of income, gain or loss to us or our shareholders (except to the extent of cash received in lieu of fractional shares of MVW common stock), the private letter ruling and opinion that we received are subject to the continuing validity of any assumptions and representations reflected therein. In addition, an opinion from our tax counsel is not binding on the IRS or a court. Moreover, certain future events that may or may not be within our control, including certain extraordinary purchases of our stock or MVW's stock, could cause the distribution not to qualify as tax-free. Accordingly, the IRS could determine that the distribution of the MVW common stock was a taxable transaction and a court could agree with the IRS. If the distribution of the MVW common stock was determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we and our shareholders who received shares of MVW common stock in the spin-off could incur significant tax liabilities. Under the tax sharing and indemnification agreement that we entered into with MVW, we are entitled to indemnification from MVW for certain taxes and related losses resulting from the failure of the distribution of MVW common stock to qualify as tax-free as a result of (1) any breach by MVW or its subsidiaries of the covenants on the preservation of the tax-free status of the distribution, (2) certain acquisitions of equity securities or assets of MVW or its subsidiaries, and (3) any breach by MVW or its subsidiaries of certain representations in the documents submitted to the IRS and the separation documents relating to the spin-off. If, however, the distribution failed to qualify as a tax-free transaction for reasons other than those specified in the indemnification provisions of the tax sharing and indemnification agreement, liability for any resulting taxes for the distribution would be apportioned between us and MVW based on our relative fair market values.
The 2011 spin-off also might not produce the cash tax benefits we anticipate. In connection with the spin-off, we completed an internal reorganization, which included transactions that were structured in a manner intended to result, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in our recognition of built-in losses in properties used in the North American and Luxury
segments of the Timeshare division. Our recognition of these built-in losses and corresponding tax deductions has generated and we expect will continue to generate significant cash tax benefits for us. Although we received a private letter ruling from the IRS and an opinion from our tax counsel confirming that these built-in losses may be recognized and deducted by us, the private letter ruling and opinion that we received are subject to the continuing validity of any assumptions and representations reflected therein. Accordingly, the IRS could determine that the built-in losses should not have been recognized or deductions for such losses should be disallowed and a court could agree with the IRS. If we were unable to deduct these losses for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and, instead, the tax basis of the properties attributable to the built-in losses were available to MVW and its subsidiaries, MVW has agreed, pursuant to the tax sharing and indemnification agreement, to indemnify us for certain tax benefits that we otherwise have recognized or would have recognized if we were able to deduct such losses. For more information on the cash tax benefits we anticipate, see the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" caption within Part II Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this report.
If we cannot attract and retain talented associates, our business could suffer. We compete with other companies both within and outside of our industry for talented personnel. If we cannot recruit, train, develop, and retain sufficient numbers of talented associates, we could experience increased associate turnover, decreased guest satisfaction, low morale, inefficiency, or internal control failures. Insufficient numbers of talented associates could also limit our ability to grow and expand our businesses.
Delaware law and our governing corporate documents contain, and our Board of Directors could implement, anti-takeover provisions that could deter takeover attempts. Under the Delaware business combination statute, a stockholder holding 15 percent or more of our outstanding voting stock could not acquire us without Board of Director consent for at least three years after the date the stockholder first held 15 percent or more of the voting stock. Our governing corporate documents also, among other things, require supermajority votes for mergers and similar transactions. In addition, our Board of Directors could, without stockholder approval, implement other anti-takeover defenses, such as a stockholder’s rights plan.
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Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments. |
None.
We describe our company-operated properties in Part I, Item 1. “Business,” earlier in this report. We believe our properties are in generally good physical condition with the need for only routine repairs and maintenance and periodic capital improvements. Most of our regional offices and reservation centers, both domestically and internationally, are located in leased facilities. We also lease space in a number of buildings with combined space of approximately 1.1 million square feet in Maryland where our corporate and The Ritz-Carlton headquarters are located.
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Item 3. | Legal Proceedings. |
Please see the information under "Legal Proceedings" in Footnote No. 14, "Contingencies" to our Financial Statements which we incorporate here by reference.
From time to time, we are also subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including adjustments proposed during governmental examinations of the various tax returns we file. While management presently believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm our financial position, cash flows, or overall trends in results of operations, legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and unfavorable rulings could, individually or in aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.
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Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures. |
Not applicable.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
See Part III, Item 10 of this report for information about our executive officers.
PART II
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Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. |
Market Information and Dividends
The table below shows the price range of our Class A Common Stock (our "common stock") and the per share cash dividends we declared for each fiscal quarter during the last two years. We have not adjusted these prices and dividends for the impact of the spin-off. See Footnote No. 16, "Spin-off," to our Financial Statements for more information on the spin-off.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Stock Price | | Dividends Declared per Share |
| | High | | Low | |
2011 | First Quarter | $ | 42.78 |
| | $ | 36.24 |
| | $ | 0.0875 |
|
| Second Quarter | 38.52 |
| | 32.92 |
| | 0.1000 |
|
| Third Quarter | 37.90 |
| | 25.92 |
| | 0.1000 |
|
| Fourth Quarter | 33.57 |
| | 25.49 |
| | 0.1000 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Stock Price | | Dividends Declared per Share |
| | High | | Low | |
2012 | First Quarter | $ | 38.63 |
| | $ | 29.73 |
| | $ | 0.1000 |
|
| Second Quarter | 40.45 |
| | 35.68 |
| | 0.1300 |
|
| Third Quarter | 40.00 |
| | 34.69 |
| | 0.1300 |
|
| Fourth Quarter | 41.84 |
| | 33.93 |
| | 0.1300 |
|
At February 8, 2013, 312,344,872 shares of our common stock were outstanding which were held by 38,726 shareholders of record. Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange. The fiscal year-end closing price for our stock was $36.48 on December 28, 2012, and $29.17 on December 30, 2011. All prices are reported on the consolidated transaction reporting system.
Fourth Quarter 2012 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions, except per share amounts) | | | | | | | |
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average Price per Share | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) | | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1) |
September 8, 2012-October 5, 2012 | 1.4 |
| | $ | 39.15 |
| | 1.4 |
| | 14.8 |
|
October 6, 2012-November 2, 2012 | 1.9 |
| | 37.62 |
| | 1.9 |
| | 12.9 |
|
November 3, 2012-November 30, 2012 | 2.9 |
| | 35.20 |
| | 2.9 |
| | 10.0 |
|
December 1, 2012-December 28, 2012 | 0.7 |
| | 36.65 |
| | 0.7 |
| | 9.3 |
|
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(1) | On February 10, 2012, we announced that our Board of Directors had increased, by 35 million shares, the authorization to repurchase our common stock. As of year-end 2012, 9.3 million shares remained available for repurchase under authorizations previously approved by our Board of Directors. On February 15, 2013, we announced that our Board of Directors further increased, by 25 million shares, the authorization to repurchase our common stock. We repurchase shares in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions. |
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following table presents a summary of selected historical financial data for the Company derived from our Financial Statements as of and for our last 10 fiscal years. Since this information is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our financial statements, including the related notes, you should read “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Financial Statements in our Form 10-K for each respective year for more detailed information including, among other items, restructuring costs and other charges we incurred in 2008 and 2009, timeshare strategy-impairment charges we incurred in 2009 and 2011, and our 2011 spin-off of our former timeshare operations and timeshare development business. For periods before the 2011 spin-off date, we continue to include our former Timeshare segment in Marriott's historical financial results as a component of continuing operations because of Marriott's significant continuing involvement in MVW future operations.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fiscal Year (1) |
($ in millions, except per share data) | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
Income Statement Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues (2) | $ | 11,814 |
| | $ | 12,317 |
| | $ | 11,691 |
| | $ | 10,908 |
| | $ | 12,879 |
| | $ | 12,990 |
| | $ | 11,995 |
| | $ | 11,129 |
| | $ | 9,778 |
| | $ | 8,712 |
|
Operating income (loss) (2) | $ | 940 |
| | $ | 526 |
| | $ | 695 |
| | $ | (152 | ) | | $ | 765 |
| | $ | 1,183 |
| | $ | 1,089 |
| | $ | 671 |
| | $ | 579 |
| | $ | 476 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Marriott | $ | 571 |
| | $ | 198 |
| | $ | 458 |
| | $ | (346 | ) | | $ | 359 |
| | $ | 697 |
| | $ | 712 |
| | $ | 543 |
| | $ | 487 |
| | $ | 380 |
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (109 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Discontinued operations (4) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | (1 | ) | | 5 |
| | 126 |
| | 109 |
| | 122 |
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Marriott | $ | 571 |
| | $ | 198 |
| | $ | 458 |
| | $ | (346 | ) | | $ | 362 |
| | $ | 696 |
| | $ | 608 |
| | $ | 669 |
| | $ | 596 |
| | $ | 502 |
|
Per Share Data (5): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings (losses) per share from continuing operations attributable to Marriott shareholders | $ | 1.72 |
| | $ | 0.55 |
| | $ | 1.21 |
| | $ | (0.97 | ) | | $ | 0.97 |
| | $ | 1.73 |
| | $ | 1.64 |
| | $ | 1.16 |
| | $ | 1.01 |
| | $ | 0.76 |
|
Diluted losses per share from cumulative effect of accounting change | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (0.25 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to Marriott shareholders | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 0.01 |
| | — |
| | 0.01 |
| | 0.27 |
| | 0.22 |
| | 0.25 |
|
Diluted earnings (losses) per share attributable to Marriott shareholders | 1.72 |
| | 0.55 |
| | 1.21 |
| | (0.97 | ) | | 0.98 |
| | 1.73 |
| | 1.40 |
| | 1.43 |
| | 1.23 |
| | 1.01 |
|
Cash dividends declared per share | 0.4900 |
| | 0.3875 |
| | 0.2075 |
| | 0.0866 |
| | 0.3339 |
| | 0.2844 |
| | 0.2374 |
| | 0.1979 |
| | 0.1632 |
| | 0.1459 |
|
Balance Sheet Data (at year-end): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | $ | 6,342 |
| | $ | 5,910 |
| | $ | 8,983 |
| | $ | 7,933 |
| | $ | 8,903 |
| | $ | 8,942 |
| | $ | 8,588 |
| | $ | 8,530 |
| | $ | 8,668 |
| | $ | 8,177 |
|
Long-term debt | 2,528 |
| | 1,816 |
| | 2,691 |
| | 2,234 |
| | 2,975 |
| | 2,790 |
| | 1,818 |
| | 1,681 |
| | 836 |
| | 1,391 |
|
Shareholders’ (deficit) equity | (1,285 | ) | | (781 | ) | | 1,585 |
| | 1,142 |
| | 1,380 |
| | 1,429 |
| | 2,618 |
| | 3,252 |
| | 4,081 |
| | 3,838 |
|
Other Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Base management fees | $ | 581 |
| | $ | 602 |
| | $ | 562 |
| | $ | 530 |
| | $ | 635 |
| | $ | 620 |
| | $ | 553 |
| | $ | 497 |
| | $ | 435 |
| | $ | 388 |
|
Franchise fees | 607 |
| | 506 |
| | 441 |
| | 400 |
| | 451 |
| | 439 |
| | 390 |
| | 329 |
| | 296 |
| | 245 |
|
Incentive management fees | 232 |
| | 195 |
| | 182 |
| | 154 |
| | 311 |
| | 369 |
| | 281 |
| | 201 |
| | 142 |
| | 109 |
|
Total fees | $ | 1,420 |
| | $ | 1,303 |
| | $ | 1,185 |
| | $ | 1,084 |
| | $ | 1,397 |
| | $ | 1,428 |
| | $ | 1,224 |
| | $ | 1,027 |
| | $ | 873 |
| | $ | 742 |
|
Fee Revenue-Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
North America (6) | $ | 1,074 |
| | $ | 970 |
| | $ | 878 |
| | $ | 806 |
| | $ | 1,038 |
| | $ | 1,115 |
| | $ | 955 |
| | $ | 809 |
| | $ | 682 |
| | $ | 592 |
|
Total Outside North America (7) | 346 |
| | 333 |
| | 307 |
| | 278 |
| | 359 |
| | 313 |
| | 269 |
| | 218 |
| | 191 |
| | 150 |
|
Total fees | $ | 1,420 |
| | $ | 1,303 |
| | $ | 1,185 |
| | $ | 1,084 |
| | $ | 1,397 |
| | $ | 1,428 |
| | $ | 1,224 |
| | $ | 1,027 |
| | $ | 873 |
| | $ | 742 |
|
| |
(1) | All fiscal years included 52 weeks, except for 2008 which included 53 weeks. |
| |
(2) | Balances do not reflect the impact of discontinued operations. Also, for periods prior to 2009, we reclassified our provision for loan losses associated with our lodging operations to the "General, administrative, and other expenses" caption of our Income Statements to conform to our presentation for periods beginning in 2009. This reclassification only affected operating income. |
| |
(3) | We adopted certain provisions of Accounting Standards Certification Topic 978 (previously Statement of Position 04-2, “Accounting for Real Estate Time Sharing Transactions”), in our 2006 first quarter, which we reported in our Income Statements as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle. |
| |
(4) | In 2002, we announced our intent to sell, and subsequently did sell, our Senior Living Services business and exited our Distribution Services business. In 2007, we exited our synthetic fuel business. These businesses are now reflected as discontinued operations. |
| |
(5) | For periods before the stock dividends we issued in the third and fourth quarters of 2009, we have adjusted all per share data retroactively to reflect those stock dividends. Additionally, for periods before 2006, we have adjusted all per share data retroactively to reflect the June 9, 2006, stock split that we effected in the form of a stock dividend. |
| |
(6) | Represents fee revenue from the continental United States (which does not include Hawaii) and Canada, except for 2011 and 2012, which represent fee revenue from the United States (including Hawaii) and Canada. |
| |
(7) | Represents fee revenue outside the continental United States and Canada, except for 2011 and 2012, which represent fee revenue outside the United States and Canada. |
| |
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
BUSINESS AND OVERVIEW
Lodging Business
We are a worldwide operator, franchisor, and licensor of hotels and timeshare properties in 74 countries and territories under numerous brand names. We also develop, operate, and market residential properties and provide services to home/condominium owner associations. At year-end 2012, we had 3,801 properties (660,394 rooms) in our system, including 35 home and condominium products (3,927 units) for which we manage the related owners’ associations. At year-end 2012, we grouped our operations into four business segments: North American Full-Service Lodging, North American Limited-Service Lodging, International Lodging, and Luxury Lodging.
We earn base management fees and in some cases incentive management fees from the hotels that we manage, and we earn franchise fees on the hotels that others operate under franchise agreements with us. Base fees typically consist of a percentage of property-level revenue while incentive fees typically consist of a percentage of net house profit adjusted for a specified owner return. Net house profit is calculated as gross operating profit (house profit) less noncontrollable expenses such as insurance, real estate taxes, capital spending reserves, and the like.
We use or license our trademarks for the sale of residential real estate either in conjunction with hotel development or on a stand-alone basis under our The Ritz-Carlton, EDITION, JW Marriott, Autograph Collection, and Marriott brand names. Third-party developers typically build and sell residences with little, if any, of our capital at risk. While the worldwide residential market is very large, the luxurious nature of our residential properties, the quality and exclusivity associated with our brands, and the hospitality services that we provide, all serve to make our residential properties distinctive.
Under our business model, we typically manage or franchise hotels, rather than own them. At year-end 2012, we operated 43 percent of the hotel rooms in our worldwide system under management agreements, our franchisees operated 54 percent under franchise agreements, unconsolidated joint ventures that we have an interest in held management and provided services to franchised properties for 1 percent, and we owned or leased only 2 percent.
Our emphasis on long-term management contracts and franchising tends to provide more stable earnings in periods of economic softness, while adding new hotels to our system generates growth, typically with little or no investment by the company. This strategy has driven substantial growth while minimizing financial leverage and risk in a cyclical industry. In addition, we believe minimizing our capital investments and adopting a strategy of recycling the investments that we do make maximizes and maintains our financial flexibility.
We remain focused on doing the things that we do well; that is, selling rooms, taking care of our guests, and making sure we control costs both at company-operated properties and at the corporate level ("above-property"). Our brands remain strong as a result of skilled management teams, dedicated associates, superior customer service with an emphasis on guest and associate satisfaction, significant distribution, our Marriott Rewards and The Ritz-Carlton Rewards loyalty programs, a multichannel reservations system, and desirable property amenities. We strive to effectively leverage our size and broad distribution. We, along with owners and franchisees, continue to invest in our brands by means of new, refreshed, and reinvented properties, new room and public space designs, and enhanced amenities and technology offerings. We address, through various means, hotels in the system that do not meet standards.
We continue to enhance the appeal of our proprietary, information-rich, and easy-to-use website, Marriott.com, and of our associated mobile smartphone applications that connect to Marriott.com, through functionality and service improvements, and we expect to continue capturing an increasing proportion of property-level reservations via this cost-efficient channel. In 2012, we introduced Marriott.jp, adding Japanese language capability to our online platforms. Together with Spanish, German, French, and Chinese, our guests now have a wider selection of languages with which to discover our properties online.
Our profitability, as well as that of owners and franchisees, has benefited from our approach to property-level and above-property productivity. Properties in our system continue to maintain very tight cost controls. We also control above-property costs, some of which we allocate to hotels, by remaining focused on systems, processing, and support areas.
Lodging Performance Measures
We believe RevPAR, which we calculate by dividing room sales for comparable properties by room nights available to guests for the period, is a meaningful indicator of our performance because it measures the period-over-period change in room revenues for comparable properties. RevPAR may not be comparable to similarly titled measures, such as revenues. References to RevPAR throughout this report are in constant dollars, unless otherwise noted. We calculate constant dollar statistics by applying exchange rates for the current period to the prior comparable period.
We also believe company-operated house profit margin, which is the ratio of property-level gross operating profit (also known as house profit) to total property-level revenue, is a meaningful indicator of our performance because this ratio measures our overall ability as the operator to produce property-level profits by generating sales and controlling the operating expenses over which we have the most direct control. House profit includes room, food and beverage, and other revenue and the related expenses including payroll and benefits expenses, as well as repairs and maintenance, utility, general and administrative, and sales and marketing expenses. House profit does not include the impact of management fees, furniture, fixtures and equipment replacement reserves, insurance, taxes, or other fixed expenses.
Lodging Results
Conditions for our lodging business continued to improve in 2012, reflecting generally low supply growth, a favorable economic climate in many markets around the world, the impact of operating efficiencies across our company, and a year-over-year increase in the number of hotels. Demand was strong in most North American markets, constrained somewhat in Washington, D.C. due to weak government demand associated with government spending restrictions and a shorter congressional calendar. The D.C. market also experienced the customarily lower demand levels in 2012 associated with an election year, although leisure and group business were strong in the summer months.
In Europe, many economies continue to struggle although our properties there benefited from strong international arrivals. In addition, our hotels benefited from the Olympic Games in London, the Euro Cup Soccer Championship in Warsaw, and a strong fair calendar in Germany. Demand was weak in European markets more dependent on regional travel and new supply constrained RevPAR growth in a few European markets. Demand was strong in the United Arab Emirates and improved modestly but remained weak in Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and Oman. Demand in the Asia Pacific region continued to be strong particularly for properties in Thailand, China, and Indonesia. Demand in China in 2012 moderated somewhat as the year progressed, reflecting declines in government related travel ahead of the country's change in leadership, moderating economic growth, and new supply in several markets. RevPAR in India softened throughout 2012, reflecting the country's more challenging economic environment and increased supply.
Compared to 2011, 2012 worldwide average daily rates increased 3.9 percent on a constant dollar basis to $137.49 for comparable systemwide properties, RevPAR increased 6.1 percent to $97.34, and occupancy increased 1.5 percentage points to 70.8 percent.
We monitor market conditions and carefully price our rooms daily in accordance with individual hotel demand levels, generally increasing room rates as demand increases. We also modify the mix of our business to increase revenue as demand changes. Demand for higher rated rooms improved in most markets in 2012, which allowed us to reduce discounting and special offers for transient business in many markets. This mix improvement benefited average daily rates. Our company-operated properties continuously monitor costs as we focus on enhancing property-level house profit margins and actively pursue productivity improvements.
The hotels in our system serve both transient and group customers. Overall, business transient and leisure transient demand was strong in 2012. Group demand improved in 2012, group customers spent more on their meetings, and group related property-level food and beverage volumes improved. Additionally, we saw an increase in short-term bookings for both large and small groups during 2012, and attendance at meetings frequently exceeded initial projections. Typically, two-thirds of group business is booked before the year of arrival and one-third is booked in the year of arrival. During an economic recovery, group pricing tends to lag transient pricing due to the significant lead times for group bookings. Group business booked in earlier periods at lower rates continues to roll off, and with improving group demand, is replaced with bookings reflecting generally higher rates. Projected group revenue for 2013 for comparable North American Marriott Hotels & Resorts properties is up six percent year-over-year, with more than half of the growth coming from rate.
Negotiated corporate business (“special corporate business”) represented nearly 15 percent of our full-service managed hotel room nights for 2012 in North America. In negotiating pricing for this segment of business, we do not focus strictly on volume, but instead carefully evaluate the relationship with our business customers, including for example, stay patterns (day of week and season), locations of stays, non-room spend, and aggregate spend in order to maximize property-level earnings. For 2013, we expect to complete negotiations with our special corporate business national-accounts clients in the first quarter. With approximately 85 percent of our negotiations complete, on average room rates for comparable customers are approximately five percent higher in 2013 than the prior year.
Lodging Transactions
On October 1, 2012, we acquired the Gaylord brand and hotel management company from Gaylord Entertainment Company (now called Ryman Hospitality Properties, Inc. ("Ryman Hospitality")) for $210 million. Ryman Hospitality continues to own the Gaylord hotels, which we manage under the Gaylord brand under long-term management agreements. This transaction added four hotels and approximately 7,800 rooms to our North American Full-Service segment, and included our entering into management agreements for several attractions at the Gaylord Opryland in Nashville, consisting of a showboat, a golf course, and a saloon. As part of the transaction, on December 1, 2012, we also assumed management of another hotel owned by Ryman Hospitality, the Inn at Opryland, with approximately 300 rooms.
In 2012, we completed the sale of our ExecuStay® corporate housing business. Neither the sales price nor the gain we recognized was material to our results of operations and cash flows. The revenues, results of operations, assets, and liabilities of our ExecuStay business also were not material to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for any of the periods presented, and accordingly we have not reflected ExecuStay as a discontinued operation.
In 2012, we completed the sale of our equity interest in a North American Limited-Service joint venture (formerly two joint ventures which were merged before the sale) and we amended certain provisions of the management agreements for the underlying hotel portfolio. As a result of this transaction, we received cash proceeds of $96 million, including $30 million of proceeds which is refundable over the term of the management agreements if the hotel portfolio does not meet certain quarterly hotel performance thresholds. To the extent the hotel portfolio meets the quarterly hotel performance thresholds, we will recognize the $30 million of proceeds over the remaining term of the management agreements as base fee revenue. In 2012, we recognized a gain of $41 million, which consisted of: (1) $20 million for the recognition of the gain we deferred in 2005 because we retained the equity interest following the original sale of land to one of the joint ventures and because there were contingencies associated with the 2005 transaction that expired with this sale; and (2) $21 million for the gain on the sale of the equity interest. We also recognized base management fee revenue totaling $7 million in 2012, primarily that we had deferred in earlier periods, but which we earned in conjunction with the sale.
See Footnote No. 7, "Acquisitions and Dispositions" to our Financial Statements for more information on these lodging transactions.
Timeshare Spin-off and Timeshare Strategy-Impairment Charges
On November 21, 2011 ("the spin-off date"), we completed a spin-off of our timeshare operations and timeshare development business through a special tax-free dividend to our shareholders of all of the issued and outstanding common stock of our wholly owned subsidiary MVW. Under license agreements with us, MVW is both the exclusive developer and operator of timeshare, fractional, and related products under the Marriott brand and the exclusive developer of fractional and related products under The Ritz-Carlton brand. We now earn license fees under these agreements that we include in franchise fees. We do not allocate MVW license fees to any of our segments and instead include them in "other unallocated corporate."
Because of our significant continuing involvement in MVW operations after the spin-off (by virtue of the license and other agreements between us and MVW), we continue to include the historical financial results before the spin-off of our former Timeshare segment in our historical financial results as a component of continuing operations.
Before the spin-off, we recorded a pre-tax noncash impairment charge of $324 million ($234 million after-tax) in our 2011 Income Statement under the "Timeshare strategy-impairment charges" caption. Please see Footnote No. 16, “Spin-off,” to our Financial Statements and “Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors; Other Risks” for more information on the spin-off and the impairment charges.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
As noted in the preceding "Business and Overview" section, we completed the spin-off of our timeshare operations and timeshare development business in late 2011. Accordingly, we no longer have a Timeshare segment and instead now earn license fees that we do not allocate to any of our segments and include in "other unallocated corporate." The following tables
detail the components of our former Timeshare segment revenues and results for 2011, as well as certain items that we did not allocate to our Timeshare segment for 2011 and also shows the components of revenue, interest income and interest expense we received from MVW for 2012.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
($ in millions) | 2012 | | 2011 | | Change 2012/2011 |
Former Timeshare segment revenues | | | | | |
Base fee revenue | $ | — |
| | $ | 51 |
| | |
Total sales and services revenue | — |
| | 1,088 |
| | |
Cost reimbursements | — |
| | 299 |
| | |
Former Timeshare segment revenues | — |
| | 1,438 |
| | $ | (1,438 | ) |
| | | | | |
Other base fee revenue | — |
| | 5 |
| | (5 | ) |
| | | | | |
Other unallocated corporate revenues from MVW | | | | | |
Franchise fee revenue | 61 |
| | 4 |
| | |
Cost reimbursements | 128 |
| | 24 |
| | |
Revenues from MVW | 189 |
| | 28 |
| | 161 |
|
| | | | | |
Total revenue impact | $ | 189 |
| | $ | 1,471 |
| | $ | (1,282 | ) |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| 2012 | | 2011 | | Change 2012/2011 |
Former Timeshare segment results operating income impact | | | | | |
Base fee revenue | $ | — |
| | $ | 51 |
| | |
Timeshare sales and services, net | — |
| | 159 |
| | |
Timeshare strategy-impairment charges | — |
| | (324 | ) | | |
General, administrative, and other expense | — |
| | (63 | ) | | |
Former Timeshare segment results operating income impact (1) | — |
| | (177 | ) | | $ | 177 |
|
| | | | | |
Other base fee revenue | — |
| | 5 |
| | (5 | ) |
General, administrative, and other expenses | | | | | |
Timeshare spin-off costs | — |
| | (34 | ) | | 34 |
|
Other miscellaneous expenses | — |
| | (2 | ) | | 2 |
|
| | | | | |
Other Unallocated corporate operating income impact from MVW | | | | | |
Franchise fee revenue | 61 |
| | 4 |
| | 57 |
|
| | | | | |
Total operating income (loss) impact | 61 |
| | (204 | ) | | 265 |
|
Gains (losses) and other income (1) | — |
| | 3 |
| | (3 | ) |
Interest expense (1) | (8 | ) | | (43 | ) | | 35 |
|
Capitalized interest | — |
| | 6 |
| | (6 | ) |
Interest income | 11 |
| | 2 |
| | 9 |
|
Equity in earnings (losses) | — |
| | 4 |
| | (4 | ) |
Income (loss) before income taxes spin-off impact | $ | 64 |
| | $ | (232 | ) | | $ | 296 |
|
| |
(1) | Timeshare segment results for year-end 2011 totaled a segment loss of $217 million and consisted of $177 million of operating losses, $43 million of interest expense, and $3 million of gains and other income. |
The following discussion presents an analysis of results of our operations for 2012, 2011, and 2010. The results for 2011 included the results of the former Timeshare segment before the spin-off date while 2010 included the former Timeshare segment for the entire fiscal year. See "BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Timeshare" later in this report for more information.
Revenues
2012 Compared to 2011
Revenues decreased by $503 million (4 percent) to $11,814 million in 2012 from $12,317 million in 2011. As detailed in the preceding table, the spin-off contributed to a net $1,282 million decrease in revenues that was partially offset by a $779 million increase in revenues in our lodging business.
The $779 million increase in revenues for our lodging business was a result of: higher cost reimbursements revenue ($757 million), higher franchise fees ($44 million), higher incentive management fees ($37 million, comprised of an $18 million increase for North America and a $19 million increase outside of North America), and higher base management fees ($35 million), partially offset by lower owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue ($94 million, which includes a $70 million reduction from our sold corporate housing business as further discussed later in this section).
The $562 million increase in total cost reimbursements revenue, to $9,405 million in 2012 from $8,843 million in 2011, reflected a $757 million increase (allocated across our lodging business) resulting from higher property-level demand and growth across our system, partially offset by a net $195 million decline in timeshare-related cost reimbursements due to the spin-off.
The $21 million decrease in total base management fees, to $581 million in 2012 from $602 million in 2011, primarily reflected a decline of $56 million in former Timeshare segment ($51 million) and International segment ($5 million) base management fees due to the spin-off, partially offset by a net increase of $35 million across our lodging business. The $35 million net increase in base management fees across our lodging business primarily reflected stronger RevPAR ($24 million) and the impact of unit growth across the system ($9 million), as well as recognition in the 2012 third quarter of $7 million of previously deferred base management fees in conjunction with the sale of our equity interest in a North American-Limited Service joint venture, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange rates ($3 million) and the unfavorable impact of $3 million of fee reversals in 2012 for two properties to reflect contract revisions. The $101 million increase in total franchise fees, to $607 million in 2012 from $506 million in 2011, primarily reflected an increase of $57 million in license fees from MVW and an increase of $44 million across our lodging business primarily as a result of stronger RevPAR ($27 million) and the impact of unit growth across the system ($13 million).
The $37 million increase in incentive management fees from $195 million in 2011 to $232 million in 2012 primarily reflected higher net property-level income ($30 million), new unit growth, net of terminations ($6 million), recognition of incentive management fees due to contract revisions for certain International segment properties ($3 million), and recognition of previously deferred fees in conjunction with an International segment property's change in ownership ($3 million), partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange rates ($4 million). In 2012, 33 percent of our managed properties paid us incentive management fees versus 29 percent in 2011. In addition, in 2012, 65 percent of our incentive fees came from properties outside the United States versus 67 percent in 2011. In North America, 14 North American Full-Service segment properties, seven North American Limited-Service segment properties, and two Luxury segment properties earned a combined $13 million in incentive management fees in 2012, but did not earn any incentive management fees in 2011.
The $94 million decrease in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue, to $989 million in 2012 from $1,083 million in 2011, primarily reflected $70 million of lower corporate housing revenue due to the sale of the ExecuStay corporate housing business in the 2012 second quarter, $29 million of lower owned and leased revenue, and $3 million of lower termination fees, partially offset by $7 million of higher branding fees and $3 million of higher other revenue. The $29 million decrease in owned and leased revenue primarily reflected: (1) $34 million of lower revenue at several owned and leased properties in our International segment, primarily driven by three hotels that left the system ($18 million), weaker demand at three other hotels ($6 million), two hotels that are no longer leased but remain within our system as managed or franchised properties ($5 million), and unfavorable foreign exchange rates ($5 million); and (2) $23 million of lower revenue at a North American Full-Service segment property that converted from leased to managed at year-end 2011; partially offset by (3) $14 million of higher revenue at one leased property in London due to strong demand, in part associated with the 2012 third quarter Olympic Games; and (4) $10 million of higher revenue at one leased property in Japan. The property in Japan benefited from favorable comparisons with 2011 as a result of very weak demand due to the earthquake and tsunami as well as a $2 million business interruption payment received in 2012 from a utility company. Combined branding fees for credit card endorsements and the sale of branded residential real estate by others totaled $106 million in 2012 and $99 million in 2011.
2011 Compared to 2010
Revenues increased by $626 million (5 percent) to $12,317 million in 2011 from $11,691 million in 2010, as a result of higher: cost reimbursements revenue ($604 million); base management and franchise fees ($105 million); owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue ($37 million); and incentive management fees ($13 million, all from properties outside of North America). These favorable variances were partially offset by lower Timeshare sales and services revenue ($133 million).
The increases in base management fees, to $602 million in 2011 from $562 million in 2010, and in franchise fees, to $506 million in 2011 from $441 million in 2010, primarily reflected stronger RevPAR and, to a lesser extent, the impact of unit growth across our system and favorable foreign exchange rates. Base management fees in 2011 included $51 million for the timeshare business compared to $55 million in the prior year. Franchise fees in 2011 included $4 million for MVW license fees. The increase in incentive management fees from $182 million in 2010 to $195 million in 2011 primarily reflected higher net property-level income resulting from higher property-level revenue and continued property-level cost controls and, to a lesser extent, new unit growth in international markets and favorable foreign exchange rates.
The increase in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue, to $1,083 million in 2011, from $1,046 million in 2010, reflected $21 million of higher total branding fees, $7 million of higher corporate housing revenue, $4 million of higher hotel agreement termination fees, and $3 million of higher other revenue. Combined branding fees for credit card endorsements and the sale of branded residential real estate by others totaled $99 million in 2011 and $78 million in 2010.
The decrease in Timeshare sales and services revenue, to $1,088 million in 2011 from $1,221 million in 2010, primarily reflected: (1) $49 million of lower development revenue reflecting the spin-off and, to a lesser extent, lower sales volumes, partially offset by favorable reportability primarily for sales reserves recorded in 2010; (2) $45 million of lower financing revenue from lower interest income resulting from the transfer of the mortgage portfolio to MVW in conjunction with the spin-off as well as a lower mortgage portfolio balance before the spin-off date; (3) $32 million of lower other revenue, primarily reflecting the spin-off and lower resales revenue; and (4) $7 million of lower services revenue reflecting the spin-off, partially offset by increased rental occupancies and rates before the spin-off date. See “BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Timeshare” later in this report for more information on our former Timeshare segment.
Cost reimbursements revenue represents reimbursements of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties and relates, predominantly, to payroll costs at managed properties where we are the employer. As we record cost reimbursements based upon costs incurred with no added markup, this revenue and related expense has no impact on either our operating income or net income. The increase in cost reimbursements revenue, to $8,843 million in 2011 from $8,239 million in 2010, reflected the impact of higher property-level demand and growth across the system.
Operating Income
2012 Compared to 2011
Operating income increased by $414 million to $940 million in 2012 from $526 million in 2011. The $414 million increase in operating income reflected a net $265 million favorable variance due to the spin-off (which included $324 million of Timeshare strategy-impairment charges in 2011), as detailed in the preceding table, and a $149 million increase across our lodging business. This $149 million increase across our lodging business reflected a $44 million increase in franchise fees, a $37 million increase in incentive management fees, a $35 million increase in base management fees, $25 million of higher owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses, and an $8 million decrease in general, administrative and other expenses. We discuss the reasons for the increases in base management fees, franchise fees, and incentive management fees across our lodging business compared to 2011 in the preceding “Revenues” section.
The $25 million (18 percent) increase in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses was primarily attributable to $19 million of net stronger results, particularly at one leased property in Japan ($9 million) and one leased property in London ($8 million), $7 million of higher branding fees, and $3 million of higher other revenue, partially offset by $3 million of lower termination fees. Our leased property in London benefited from strong demand and higher property-level margins in 2012 in part associated with the 2012 third quarter Olympic Games, while our leased property in Japan experienced strong demand in 2012, benefiting from favorable comparisons with 2011 as a result of very weak demand due to the earthquake and tsunami as well as a $2 million business interruption payment received in 2012 from a utility company.
General, administrative, and other expenses decreased by $107 million (14 percent) to $645 million in 2012 from $752 million in 2011. The $107 million decrease reflected a decline of $99 million due to the spin-off (consisting of $63 million of former Timeshare segment general, administrative, and other expenses and $36 million of other expenses not previously allocated to the former Timeshare segment, including $34 million of Timeshare spin-off costs and $2 million of other
expenses), and a decline of $8 million across our lodging business. The $8 million decrease across our lodging business was primarily a result of: (1) favorable variances from the following 2011 items: (a) a $5 million impairment of deferred contract acquisition costs and a $5 million accounts receivable reserve, both for one Luxury segment property whose owner filed for bankruptcy; (b) a $5 million performance cure payment for a North American Full-Service property; and (c) $8 million for a guarantee accrual for one North American Full-Service property and the write-off of contract acquisition costs for several other properties; and (2) $11 million of guarantee accrual reversals in 2012, primarily associated with four properties for which we either satisfied the related guarantee requirements or were otherwise released; (3) a favorable litigation settlement, partially offset by higher legal expenses, netting to a favorable $3 million; and (4) $2 million in decreased expenses due to favorable foreign exchange rates. These favorable items were partially offset by: (1) the following unfavorable 2012 items: (a) $20 million of increased compensation and other overhead expenses; and (b) the accelerated amortization of $8 million of deferred contract acquisitions costs for a North American Full-Service segment property (for which we earned a termination fee that we recorded in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue); and (2) the unfavorable variance for a $5 million reversal in 2011 of a loan loss provision for one property with increased expected future cash flows. See "BUSINESS SEGMENTS: North American Full-Service Lodging" for more information on the termination fee and the related accelerated amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs recorded in 2012.
The $8 million decrease in total general, administrative, and other expenses across our lodging business consisted of a $21 million decrease allocated to our Luxury segment, partially offset by an $11 million increase that we did not allocate to any of our segments and a $2 million increase allocated to our North American Full-Service segment.
2011 Compared to 2010
Operating income decreased by $169 million to $526 million in 2011 from $695 million in 2010. The decrease reflected $324 million of 2011 Timeshare strategy-impairment charges and $40 million of lower Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses, partially offset by a $105 million increase in base management and franchise fees, $49 million of higher owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses, a $28 million decrease in general, administrative, and other expenses, and $13 million of higher incentive management fees. We address the reasons for the increases in base management and franchise fees and in incentive management fees in the preceding “Revenues” section.
The $49 million (54 percent) increase in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses was primarily attributable to $21 million of higher branding fees, $15 million of net stronger results at some owned and leased properties due to higher RevPAR and property-level margins, $6 million of higher hotel agreement termination fees, net of 2010 termination costs, $6 million of higher corporate housing and other revenue, net of expenses, and $5 million of decreased rent expense, partially offset by $4 million of lower results at a leased hotel in Japan that experienced lower demand as a result of the earthquake and tsunami earlier in the year.
General, administrative, and other expenses decreased by $28 million (4 percent) to $752 million in 2011 from $780 million in 2010. The decrease primarily reflected favorable variances from the following 2010 items: an $84 million long-lived asset impairment charge for a capitalized revenue management software asset (which we did not allocate to any of our segments); a $13 million long-lived asset impairment charge (allocated to our former Timeshare segment); and a $14 million long-lived asset impairment charge (allocated to our North American Limited-Service segment). Also contributing to the decrease in expenses, was $9 million of lower former Timeshare segment expenses due to the spin-off and a $5 million reversal in 2011 of a loan loss provision for one property with increased expected future cash flows. These favorable variances were partially offset by the following 2011 items: $34 million of transaction-related expenses for the spin-off of the timeshare business; $17 million of higher compensation costs; $10 million of increased other expenses primarily associated with higher costs in international markets and initiatives to enhance and grow our brands globally, a $5 million impairment of contract acquisition costs and a $5 million accounts receivable reserve, both for one Luxury segment property whose owner filed for bankruptcy; a $5 million performance cure payment for a North American Full-Service property; and $7 million for an increase in the guarantee reserves for one International and one North American Full-Service property, primarily due to cash flow shortfalls at those properties, and a $2 million write-off of contract acquisition costs for two other properties. The favorable variances were further offset by the following 2010 items: a $4 million reversal of excess accruals for net asset tax based on the receipt of final assessments from a taxing authority located outside the United States and a $6 million reversal of guarantee accruals, primarily for a completion guarantee for which we satisfied the related requirements.
The $28 million decrease in total general, administrative, and other expenses consisted of a $34 million decrease that we did not allocate to any of our segments; a $22 million decrease allocated to our former Timeshare segment; and a $12 million decrease allocated to our North American Limited-Service segment; partially offset by a $20 million increase allocated to our Luxury segment; a $15 million increase allocated to our International segment; and a $5 million increase allocated to our North American Full-Service segment.
Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses totaled $159 million in 2011 and $199 million in 2010. The decrease of $40 million as compared to 2010, primarily reflected $28 million of lower other revenue, net of expenses and $25 million of lower financing revenue, net of expenses, partially offset by $8 million of higher development revenue net of product costs and marketing and selling costs and $5 million of higher services revenue, net of expenses. The $28 million decrease in other revenue, net of expenses primarily reflected a $15 million unfavorable variance from an adjustment to the Marriott Rewards liability in 2010 and, to a lesser extent in 2011 the impact of the spin-off as well as lower resales revenue, net of expenses due to lower closings. The $25 million decrease in financing revenue, net of expenses primarily reflected decreased interest income due to the spin-off as well as lower notes receivable balances before the spin-off date. Higher development revenue net of product costs and marketing and selling costs primarily reflected favorable reportability as well as a favorable variance from a net $12 million reserve in the prior year, partially offset by lower 2011 sales volumes as well as the impact of the spin-off. See “BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Timeshare,” later in this report for more information on our former Timeshare segment before spin-off.
Gains (Losses) and Other Income
We show our gains (losses) and other income for 2012, 2011, and 2010 in the following table:
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| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
($ in millions) | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Net gain on sale of real estate and other | $ | 27 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 34 |
|
Net gain on sale of joint venture and other investments | 21 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
|
Income from cost method joint ventures | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Impairment of cost method joint venture investments and equity securities | (8 | ) | | (18 | ) | | — |
|
| $ | 42 |
| | $ | (7 | ) | | $ | 35 |
|
2012 Compared to 2011
In 2012, we recognized a total gain of $41 million on the sale of an equity interest in a North American Limited-Service joint venture (formerly two joint ventures which were merged before the sale) which consisted of: (1) a $21 million gain on the sale of this interest reflected in the "Net gain on sale of joint venture and other investments" caption in the preceding table; and (2) recognition of the $20 million remaining gain we deferred in 2005 due to contingencies in the original transaction documents for the sale of land to one of the joint ventures, reflected in the "Net gain on sale of real estate and other" caption in the preceding table. See Footnote No. 7, "Acquisitions and Dispositions" to the Financial Statements for more information on the sale of this equity interest.
The "Impairment of cost method joint venture investments and equity securities" line in the preceding table reflects the other-than-temporary impairment in 2012 of two cost method joint venture investments and the other-than-temporary impairment in 2011 of marketable equity securities. For more information on the $7 million impairment of one of the cost method joint venture investments in 2012 and the impairment of marketable equity securities in 2011, see Footnote No. 4, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” to the Financial Statements.
2011 Compared to 2010
The $23 million decrease in net gain on sale of real estate and other primarily reflected an unfavorable variance from an $18 million gain on the sale of one Timeshare segment property in 2010. The $18 million impairment in 2011 shown in the "Impairment of cost method joint venture investments and equity securities" caption in the preceding table reflects an other-than-temporary impairment of marketable securities, as discussed previously under the "2012 Compared to 2011" caption.
Interest Expense
2012 Compared to 2011
Interest expense decreased by $27 million (16 percent) to $137 million in 2012 compared to $164 million in 2011. This decrease reflected a $29 million decrease due to the spin-off, partially offset by a $2 million increase for our lodging business. The $29 million decrease in interest expense due to the spin-off consisted of interest expense in 2011 that was allocated to the former Timeshare segment ($43 million), partially offset by interest expense in 2012 for ongoing obligations for costs that were a component of "Timeshare-direct" expenses before the spin-off ($8 million) and the unfavorable variance to 2011 for capitalized interest expense for construction projects for our former Timeshare segment ($6 million). For the $8 million of interest expense in 2012 for ongoing spin-off obligations, we also recorded $8 million of "Interest income" in 2012 for the
associated notes receivable. The $2 million increase in interest expense for our lodging business was primarily for the Series K Notes and the Series L Notes we issued in 2012 ($23 million) as well as increased interest expense for our Marriott Rewards program and our commercial paper program, reflecting higher average balances and interest rates ($2 million), partially offset by increased capitalized interest expense principally for lodging construction projects ($15 million) and the absence of interest expense for the Series F Senior Notes following our repayment of those notes in 2012 ($9 million). See the “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” caption later in this report for more information on our credit facility.
2011 Compared to 2010
Interest expense decreased by $16 million (9 percent) to $164 million in 2011 compared to $180 million in 2010. This decrease was primarily driven by: (1) a $12 million decrease in interest expense on securitized notes, reflecting the transfer of these notes to MVW on the spin-off date, as well as a lower average outstanding balance and a lower average interest rate on those notes before the spin-off date; (2) a $2 million increase in capitalized interest associated with construction projects; and (3) a $1 million decrease in interest expense for our revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, reflecting lower interest rates.
Interest Income and Income Tax
2012 Compared to 2011
Interest income increased by $3 million (21 percent) to $17 million in 2012 compared to $14 million in 2011, primarily reflecting $9 million of increased interest income for two notes receivable issued to us in conjunction with the spin-off, partially offset by a $6 million decrease primarily from the repayment of certain loans. For $8 million of the $9 million increase in interest income in 2012 for notes receivable issued to us in conjunction with the spin-off, we also recorded $8 million of "Interest expense" in 2012 for ongoing obligations for those notes.
Our tax provision increased by $120 million (76 percent) to $278 million in 2012 from $158 million in 2011. The increase was primarily due to the absence of timeshare pre-tax losses in 2012 due to the spin-off and the effect of higher pre-tax income from our lodging business, as well as a lower percentage of lodging pre-tax income in 2012 from jurisdictions outside the U.S. with lower tax rates. These increases in the provision were partially offset by a favorable variance from $34 million of income tax expense that we recorded in 2011 to write off certain deferred tax assets transferred to MVW in conjunction with the spin-off, as discussed under the following "2011 Compared to 2010" caption.
2011 Compared to 2010
Interest income decreased by $5 million (26 percent) to $14 million in 2011 compared to $19 million in 2010, primarily reflecting a $3 million decrease from the repayment of certain loans.
Our tax provision increased by $65 million (70 percent) to $158 million in 2011 from $93 million in 2010. The increase was primarily due to an unfavorable variance related to a prior year IRS settlement on the treatment of funds received from certain non-U.S. subsidiaries that resulted in an $85 million benefit to our income tax provision in 2010 and $34 million of income tax expense that we recorded in 2011 to write off certain deferred tax assets that we transferred to MVW in conjunction with the spin-off. We impaired these assets because we considered it "more likely than not" that MVW will be unable to realize the value of those deferred tax assets. Please see Footnote No. 16, "Spin-off" to our Financial Statements for more information on the transaction. The increases were partially offset by lower pre-tax income in 2011.
Equity in Losses
2012 Compared to 2011
Equity in losses of $13 million in 2012 was unchanged from equity in losses of $13 million in 2011, and reflected a $4 million decrease in equity in losses across our lodging business, entirely offset by a $4 million unfavorable variance due to the impact of the spin-off. The $4 million decrease in equity in losses across our lodging business primarily reflected $3 million of increased earnings at two International segment joint ventures, $3 million of decreased losses at two other joint ventures, and a $3 million favorable variance from the 2012 sale of an equity interest in a North American Limited-Service joint venture (formerly two joint ventures which were merged before the sale) which had losses in the prior year, partially offset by $3 million of increased losses at a Luxury segment joint venture, and a $2 million loan loss provision for certain notes receivable due from another Luxury segment joint venture. The $3 million of increased losses at a Luxury segment joint venture reflected increased losses of $8 million primarily from the impairment of certain underlying residential properties in 2012, partially offset by $5 million of decreased losses in 2012, after the impairment, as a result of decreased joint venture costs. The $4
million unfavorable variance due to the impact of the spin-off reflected the $4 million reversal in 2011 of the funding liability associated with Timeshare-strategy impairment charges we originally recorded in 2009. See Footnote No. 18, "Timeshare Strategy-Impairment Charges" of our 2011 Form 10-K for additional information on this reversal.
2011 Compared to 2010
Equity in losses of $13 million in 2011 decreased by $5 million from equity in losses of $18 million in 2010 and primarily reflected $9 million of increased earnings at two North American Limited-Service joint ventures and one International segment joint venture, primarily due to stronger property-level performance; $8 million of lower losses for a residential and fractional project joint venture (our former Timeshare segment stopped recognizing their share of the joint venture’s losses as their investment, including loans due from the joint venture, was reduced to zero in 2010); and a favorable variance from 2010 joint venture impairment charges of $5 million for our North American Limited-Service segment. These favorable impacts were partially offset by $8 million of decreased earnings at two Luxury segment joint ventures. We also reversed $4 million in 2011 and $11 million in 2010 of the $27 million funding liability we initially recorded in the Timeshare strategy-impairment charges (non-operating) caption of our 2009 Income Statement (see Footnote No. 18, "Timeshare Strategy-Impairment Charges" of the Notes to our Financial Statements of the 2011 Form 10-K for more information). We recorded both the $11 million reversal in 2010 and the $4 million reversal in 2011 based on facts and circumstances surrounding a project related to our former Timeshare segment, including continued progress on certain construction-related legal claims and potential funding of certain costs by one of the partners.
Net Income
2012 Compared to 2011
Net income increased by $373 million to $571 million in 2012 from $198 million in 2011, and diluted earnings per share increased by $1.17 per share (213 percent) to $1.72 per share from $0.55 per share in 2011. As discussed in more detail in the preceding sections beginning with “Revenues,” the $373 million increase in net income was due to the impact of the spin-off ($296 million), as well as the following increases across our lodging business: higher gains and other income ($52 million), higher franchise fees ($44 million), higher incentive management fees ($37 million), higher base management fees ($35 million), higher owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue, net of direct expenses ($25 million), lower general, administrative, and other expenses ($8 million), and lower equity in losses ($4 million). These increases were partially offset by higher income taxes ($120 million) as well as the following decreases across our lodging business: lower interest income ($6 million) and higher interest expense ($2 million).
2011 Compared to 2010
Net income decreased by $260 million (57 percent) to $198 million in 2011 from $458 million in 2010, and diluted earnings per share decreased by $0.66 per share (55 percent) to $0.55 per share from $1.21 per share in 2010. As discussed in more detail in the preceding sections beginning with “Revenues,” the $260 million decrease in net income was due to Timeshare strategy-impairment charges ($324 million), higher income taxes ($65 million), lower gains and other income ($42 million), lower Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses ($40 million), and lower interest income ($5 million). Higher base management and franchise fees ($105 million), higher owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses ($49 million), lower general, administrative, and other expenses ($28 million), lower interest expense ($16 million), higher incentive management fees ($13 million), and lower equity in losses ($5 million) partially offset these items.
Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA, a financial measure that is not prescribed or authorized by United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), reflects earnings excluding the impact of interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe that EBITDA is a meaningful indicator of operating performance because we use it to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, and expand our business. We also use EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors and others, to evaluate companies because it excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels, and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA also excludes depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These
differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies.
We also believe that Adjusted EBITDA, another non-GAAP financial measure, is a meaningful indicator of operating performance. Our Adjusted EBITDA reflects:
•Timeshare Spin-off Adjustments for 2011 ("Timeshare Spin-off Adjustments") as if the spin-off occurred on the first day of 2011. The Timeshare Spin-off Adjustments of $260 million reflected in net income for 2011 totaled $300 million pre-tax and are primarily comprised of the following pre-tax items: (1) the addition of $217 million to remove the losses of our former Timeshare segment; (2) the addition of a $60 million payment by MVW to us of estimated license fees; (3) the addition of $34 million to remove unallocated spin-off transaction costs; (4) the addition of $10 million of estimated interest income; (5) the subtraction of $14 million of estimated interest expense; and (6) the subtraction of $7 million of other expenses not previously allocated to our former Timeshare segment; and
• Adjustments for Other Charges for 2011. These adjustments of $17 million to net income for 2011 totaled $28 million pre-tax and consist of the following pre-tax items: (1) an $18 million charge for an other-than-temporary impairment of marketable securities; and (2) a $5 million impairment of deferred contract acquisition costs and a $5 million accounts receivable reserve, both for one Luxury segment property whose owner filed for bankruptcy. We discuss the other-than-temporary impairment of marketable securities in greater detail in the preceding "Gains (Losses) and Other Income" caption.
We believe that Adjusted EBITDA that excludes these items is also a meaningful measure of our operating performance because it permits period-over-period comparisons of our ongoing core operations before material charges. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA also facilitate our comparison of results from our ongoing operations before material charges with results from other lodging companies.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated under GAAP. Both of these non-GAAP measures exclude certain cash expenses that we are obligated to make. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA and in particular Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting EBITDA's and Adjusted EBITDA's usefulness as comparative measures. We provide Adjusted EBITDA for illustrative and informational purposes only and Adjusted EBITDA is not necessarily indicative of, and we do not purport that it represents, what our operating results would have been had the spin-off occurred on the first day of 2011. Adjusted EBITDA also does not reflect certain financial and operating benefits we expect to realize as a result of the 2011 timeshare spin-off.
We show our 2012 and 2011 EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculations and reconcile those measures with Net Income in the following tables:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
($ in millions) | As Reported 2012 | | | | | | |
Net Income | $ | 571 |
| | | | | | |
Interest expense | 137 |
| | | | | | |
Tax provision | 278 |
| | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | 145 |
| | | | | | |
Less: Depreciation reimbursed by third-party owners | (16 | ) | | | | | | |
Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures | 11 |
| | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures | 20 |
| | | | | | |
EBITDA | $ | 1,146 |
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($ in millions) | As Reported 2011 | | Timeshare Spin-off Adjustments | | Other Charges | | 2011 Adjusted EBITDA |
Net Income | $ | 198 |
| | $ | 260 |
| | $ | 17 |
| |
|
|
Interest expense | 164 |
| | (29 | ) | | — |
| |
|
|
Tax provision | 158 |
| | 40 |
| | 11 |
| |
|
|
Depreciation and amortization | 168 |
| | (28 | ) | | — |
| |
|
|
Less: Depreciation reimbursed by third-party owners | (15 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| |
|
|
Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures | 18 |
| | — |
| | — |
| |
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Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures | 30 |
| | — |
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