ibkr_10q3q2012.htm




  UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 


FORM 10-Q
 


(Mark One)
     
x
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012.
     
o
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
For the transition  period from           to         

Commission File Number: 001-33440
 
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
 
30-0390693
(State or other jurisdiction
 
(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)
 
Identification No.)

One Pickwick Plaza
Greenwich, Connecticut 06830
(Address of principal executive office)
 
(203) 618-5800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x No  o.
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer” and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
 
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
   
(Do not check if a smaller
 
   
reporting company)
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  o    No  x.
 
As of November 9, 2012, there were 47,488,923 shares of the issuer’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding and 100 shares of the issuer’s Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.



 
 
 
 



 
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.
       
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
       
Table of Contents
     
Page
     
No.
       
  EXPLANATORY NOTE  3
     
PART I:
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
       
Item 1:
Financial Statements (Unaudited)
4
       
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
5
       
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (2011 As Restated)
6
       
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (2011 As Restated)
7
       
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (2011 As Restated)
8
       
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
9
       
       
Item 2:
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
 
   
Operations
34
       
Item 3:
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
57
       
Item 4:
Controls and Procedures
60
       
PART II:
OTHER INFORMATION
 
       
Item 1:
Legal Proceedings
61
       
Item 1A:
Risk Factors
61
       
Item 2:
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
61
       
Item 3:
Defaults upon Senior Securities
61
       
Item 5:
Other Information
61
       
Item 6:
Exhibits
62
       
SIGNATURES
 
63
 

 
2

 

Explanatory Note
 

In May 2012, in connection with the review of the Company’s Quarterly Report of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm questioned the Company’s interpretation and application of accounting guidance contained in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC or the “Codification”) 480-10-S99, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, SEC Materials, formerly FASB Emerging Issues Task Force Topic D-98, to cash redemption provisions regarding redeemable noncontrolling interests.  After reassessing its interpretation and application of this accounting guidance, including obtaining an interpretation from the Office of the Chief Accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Company concluded that its interpretation of this accounting guidance and its application of that guidance to these cash redemption provisions was incorrect, resulting in an error in its consolidated financial statements.  This error had no effect on reported net income attributable to common stockholders or cash flows, but did affect the classification of redeemable noncontrolling interests in IBG LLC (“LLC”) attributable to IBG Holdings LLC (“Holdings”) during the period from the Company’s May 3, 2007 initial public offering through June 6, 2012, as more fully described in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Part 2, Item 8 of the Company’s Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012.

As described in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q, this change in the classification of redeemable noncontrolling interests prior to the June 6, 2012 amendment to the Exchange Agreement (Note 4) also affected the calculation of earnings per share (Note 17).  Additionally, as reported in the statement of changes in equity and further described in Note 4, subsequent to the June 6, 2012 amendment to the Exchange Agreement, Holdings’ noncontrolling interests have been reclassified, at book value, as a component of permanent equity.
 
 Internal Control Considerations
 
In conjunction with the restatement, management identified control deficiencies in its internal controls over financial reporting associated with the review and interpretation of complex accounting issues - specifically, redeemable noncontrolling interests in LLC attributable to Holdings and stock based compensation - that constitute a material weakness in internal control. A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected. For a discussion of management’s consideration of our disclosure controls and procedures, the material weakness identified and the remediation plan implemented in September 2012, see Part II, Item IA, “Risk Factors”, and Part I, Item 4,  “Controls and Procedures”, included in this filing on Form 10-Q.
 
In accordance with applicable SEC rules, this filing includes certifications from our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer dated as of the date of this filing.

 
3

 

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Financial Statements Introductory Note
 
The Company is a holding company whose primary asset is its ownership of approximately 11.9% of the membership interests of LLC.  See Notes 1 and 4 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company’s capital and ownership structure.
 
We are an automated global electronic broker and market maker specializing in routing orders and executing and processing trades in securities, futures, foreign exchange instruments, bonds and mutual funds on more than 100 electronic exchanges and trading venues around the world. In the U.S., our business is conducted from our headquarters in Greenwich, Connecticut and from Chicago, Illinois and Jersey City, New Jersey. Abroad, we conduct business through offices located in Canada, England, Switzerland, Hong Kong, India, Australia, Japan and Brazil. At September 30, 2012, we had 883 employees worldwide.
 
As discussed in Note 17, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 included herein have been restated for certain errors.


 
4

 

 
 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
                     
          September 30,      
December 31,
 
(in thousands, except share data)    
2012
     
2011
 
 
Assets
               
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   $
       1,659,505
    $
      1,695,495
 
 
Cash and securities - segregated for regulatory purposes
   
       12,325,775
     
       10,069,938
 
 
Securities borrowed
   
         2,966,071
     
         2,661,671
 
 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
   
            344,165
     
            375,366
 
 
Trading assets, at fair value:
               
    Financial instruments owned    
         3,460,913
     
         5,069,271
 
   
Financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral
   
         2,244,056
     
         1,545,807
 
         
         5,704,969
     
         6,615,078
 
 
Other receivables:
               
   
Customers, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,621 and
             
     
$3,332 at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011
   
         9,391,015
     
         7,024,792
 
   
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations
   
            874,879
     
         1,397,772
 
   
Receivable from affiliate
   
                   593
     
                   595
 
   
Interest
   
              21,426
     
              20,540
 
         
       10,287,913
     
         8,443,699
 
 
Other assets
   
            573,298
     
            543,118
 
 
Total assets
  $
     33,861,696
     $
     30,404,365
 
                     
 
Liabilities and equity
               
 
Liabilities:
               
 
Trading liabilities - financial instruments sold but not yet purchased,
         
 
  
at fair value    $
       4,547,182
     $
      6,156,148
 
 
Securities loaned
   
         1,945,097
     
         1,386,059
 
 
Short-term borrowings
   
              16,870
     
                6,538
 
 
Other payables:
               
 
 
Customers
   
       21,281,337
     
       17,300,105
 
 
 
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations
   
            496,380
     
            247,360
 
   
Payable to affiliate
   
            274,407
     
            271,602
 
 
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
   
            140,857
     
            116,771
 
    Interest    
                4,724
     
                6,416
 
         
       22,197,705
     
       17,942,254
 
                     
 
Senior notes payable
   
                        -
     
            101,411
 
 
Senior secured credit facility
   
                        -
     
                        -
 
         
       28,706,854
     
       25,592,410
 
                     
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
   
                        -
     
         5,269,619
 
                     
 
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
               
                     
 
Equity (deficit):
               
 
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
               
 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share:
               
 
 
Class A – Authorized - 1,000,000,000, Issued - 47,789,229 and
               
     
46,061,256 shares, Outstanding – 47,488,923 and 45,576,791 shares
   
 
         
 
 
at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011
   
                   477
     
                   460
 
 
 
Class B – Authorized, Issued and Outstanding – 100 shares
               
 
 
at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011
   
                        -
     
                        -
 
 
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
            492,412
     
                        -
 
 
 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
   
            125,203
     
           (465,138
   
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of income taxes of
         
     
$10,914 and $10,454 at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011
 
              19,301
     
              18,487
 
 
 
Treasury stock, at cost, 300,306 and 484,465 shares
               
 
 
 
at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011
   
               (7,784
   
             (13,310
 
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
   
            629,609
     
           (459,501
 
Noncontrolling interests
   
         4,525,233
     
                1,837
 
 
Total equity (deficit)
   
         5,154,842
     
           (457,664
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
  $
    33,861,696
     $
    30,404,365
 
                     
 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
  
 
5

 

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
                               
       
Three months ended
 
 
 
Nine months ended
 
       
September 30,
     
September 30,
 
(in thousands, except for shares or per share amounts)    
2012
   
2011
     
2012
   
2011
 
              (As Restated)      
 
   
(As Restated)
 
Revenues:                            
 
Trading gains
  $
             149,700
  $
        193,778
    $
             371,987
   $
         514,685
 
 
Commissions and execution fees
   
                100,584
   
           130,665
     
                309,540
   
           346,296
 
 
Interest income
   
                  65,410
   
             73,694
     
                200,607
   
           211,757
 
 
Other income
   
                  17,104
   
             10,726
     
                  50,750
   
             43,137
 
   
Total revenues
   
                332,798
   
           408,863
     
                932,884
   
        1,115,875
 
                               
Interest expense    
                  14,199
   
             23,337
     
                  49,475
   
             65,521
 
                               
   
Total net revenues
   
                318,599
   
           385,526
     
                883,409
   
        1,050,354
 
                               
Non-interest expenses:                            
 
Execution and clearing
   
                  61,646
   
             82,080
     
                192,441
   
           214,391
 
 
Employee compensation and benefits
   
                  57,676
   
             56,157
     
                180,202
   
           161,167
 
 
Occupancy, depreciation and amortization
   
                    9,043
   
               8,984
     
                  28,934
   
             27,289
 
 
Communications
   
                    6,089
   
               5,736
     
                  17,249
   
             17,849
 
 
General and administrative
   
                  11,525
   
             14,812
     
                  33,779
   
             40,785
 
   
Total non-interest expenses
   
                145,979
   
           167,769
     
                452,605
   
           461,481
 
                               
Income before income taxes    
                172,620
   
           217,757
     
                430,804
   
           588,873
 
                               
Income tax expense    
                  14,747
   
             15,270
     
                  34,458
   
             46,498
 
Net income    
                157,873
   
           202,487
     
                396,346
   
           542,375
 
 
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
                145,385
   
           179,993
     
                364,790
   
           494,069
 
Net income attributable to common stockholders $
                12,488
  $
           22,494
    $
                31,556
  $
           48,306
 
                               
Earnings per share:                            
 
Basic
  $
                    0.26
  $
               0.48
    $
                    0.70
  $
               1.10
 
 
Diluted
  $
                    0.26
  $
               0.48
    $
                    0.70
  $
               1.09
 
                               
Weighted average common shares outstanding:                      
 
Basic
   
47,488,459
   
44,832,545
     
46,588,213
   
43,370,291
 
 
Diluted
   
47,679,818
   
45,208,557
     
46,865,770
   
43,832,558
 
                               
                               
Comprehensive income:                            
Net income attributable to common stockholders $
                12,488
  $
          22,494
    $
              31,556
  $
          48,306
 
 
Other comprehensive income:
                           
   
Cumulative translation adjustment, before income taxes
 
                    2,965
   
            (10,127
   
                    1,274
   
              (2,055
)
   
Income taxes related to items of other comprehensive income
 
                    1,071
   
              (3,722
   
                       460
   
                 (755
)
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
                    1,894
   
              (6,405
   
                       814
   
              (1,300
)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders $
                14,382
  $
           16,089
    $
                32,370
  $
           47,006
 
                               
                               
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests:                
 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
$
              145,385
  $
         179,993
    $
              364,790
  $
         494,069
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss) - cumulative translation adjustment
 
                  21,934
   
            (75,945
   
                    9,876
   
              (9,184
)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests $
              167,319
  $
         104,048
    $
              374,666
  $
         484,885
 
                               
 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
 


 
6

 
     
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
     
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
     
(Unaudited)
 
                       
           
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in thousands)  
2012
     
2011
 
  Cash flows from operating activities:          
(As Restated)
 
    Net income $
            396,346
    $
           542,375
 
    Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by              
    operating activities:              
     
Translation (gains) losses
 
                   (678
   
                14,091
 
     
Deferred income taxes
 
                16,881
     
                35,189
 
     
Depreciation and amortization
 
                14,201
     
                13,629
 
     
Employee stock plan compensation
 
                54,032
     
                30,986
 
     
Losses on non-market making investments, net
 
                  7,742
     
                  7,159
 
     
Bad debt expense and other
 
                     607
     
                  4,239
 
    Change in operating assets and liabilities:              
     
Increase in cash and securities - segregated for regulatory purposes
 
         (2,255,850
   
         (2,414,857
     
Increase in securities borrowed
 
            (303,477
   
              (92,698
     
Decrease (increase) in securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
                31,218
     
            (127,099
     
Decrease (increase) in trading assets
 
              911,667
     
         (1,469,587
     
(Increase) decrease in receivables from customers
 
         (2,367,432
   
              157,297
 
     
Decrease (increase) in other receivables
 
              523,193
     
            (440,673
     
(Increase) decrease in other assets
 
                (5,900
   
                11,521
 
     
(Decrease) increase in trading liabilities
 
         (1,606,918
   
           2,233,372
 
     
Increase (decrease) in securities loaned
 
              559,452
     
              (86,759
     
Increase in payable to customers
 
           3,978,476
     
           2,216,034
 
     
Increase in other payables
 
              258,159
     
                40,169
 
     
 
Net cash provided by operating activities  
              211,719
     
              674,388
 
  Cash flows from investing activities:              
     
Purchases of non-market making investments
 
            (326,784
   
            (114,945
     
Sales of non-market making investments
 
              292,826
     
                18,683
 
     
Distribution received from equity investment
 
                  1,567
     
                         -
 
     
Purchase of property and equipment
 
              (13,971
   
                (9,673
     
 
Net cash used in investing activities  
              (46,362
   
            (105,935
  Cash flows from financing activities:              
     
Dividends paid to shareholders
 
              (14,055
   
                (8,915
     
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests
 
            (105,264
   
            (138,548
     
Redemption of former member interest
 
                         -
     
                (1,595
     
Issuance of senior notes
 
                         -
     
              340,311
 
     
Redemptions of senior notes
 
            (101,411
   
            (409,041
     
Repayments of senior secured credit facility
 
                         -
     
            (100,000
     
Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings, net
 
                10,008
     
              (22,575
     
 
Net cash used in financing activities
 
            (210,722
   
            (340,363
  Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents  
                  9,375
     
              (26,574
  Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents  
              (35,990
   
              201,516
 
  Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  
           1,695,495
     
           1,354,219
 
  Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $
         1,659,505
    $
         1,555,735
 
                       
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:              
  Cash paid for interest $
              51,168
    $
              65,354
 
  Cash paid for taxes $
             25,352
    $
              68,956
 
                       
Non-cash financing activities:              
    Issuance of common stock in exchange of member interests in IBG LLC $
                      -
    $
              29,199
 
    Redemption of member interests from IBG Holdings LLC $
                       -
    $
            (29,199
    Adjustments to additional paid-in capital for changes in proportionate          
     
ownership in IBG LLC
$
              13,766
    $
            (19,210
)
    Adjustments to noncontrolling interests for changes in proportionate              
     
ownership in IBG LLC
$
           (13,766
  $
              19,210
 
    Changes in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests $
      (5,269,619
  $
       (1,407,476
    Changes to total equity (deficit) for the change in the redemption value of          
     
redeemable noncontrolling interests
$
         5,269,619
    $
         1,407,476
 
                       
     
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
 


 
7

 

Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
Nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 (2011 Restated)
                                                         
(Unaudited)
                                                         
   
Common Stock
                                               
             Retained     Accumulated     Total            
           Additional        Earnings     Other     Stockholders'     Non-     Total     Redeemable  
    Issued   Par   Paid-In     Treasury      (Accumulated     Comprehensive     Equity     controlling     Equity     Noncontrolling  
(in thousands, except for share amounts)
  Shares 
 
Value
 
Capital  
 
Stock
 
 
Deficit)  
 
Income   
  
(Deficit)  
 
Interests
 
 
(Deficit)
 
 
  Interests
 
                                                         
Balance, January 1, 2012
    46,061,256
 
               $460
 
                 $-
   
     $(13,310
 
         $(465,138
 
               $18,487
   
        $(459,501
 
            $1,837
   
     $(457,664
 
                   $5,269,619
 
                                                         
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests                                                    
   from temporary to permanent equity  (Note 4)
   
          472,409
         
             572,840
         
         1,045,249
   
       4,322,304
   
      5,367,553
   
                   (5,269,619
Common Stock distributed pursuant to stock plans
      1,727,973
 
                    17
 
                 (17
 
            5,526
               
                5,526
         
             5,526
       
Compensation for stock grants vesting in the future
     
              5,759
                     
                5,759
   
18,262
   
           24,021
       
Deferred tax benefit retained
     
                 495
                     
                   495
         
                495
       
Dividends paid to shareholders
                 
             (14,055
       
            (14,055
       
         (14,055
     
Dividends paid by IBG LLC to noncontrolling interests
                         
                        -
   
          (70,271
 
         (70,271
     
Adjustments for changes in proportionate ownership in IBG LLC
 
            13,766
                     
              13,766
   
                 (25
 
           13,741
       
Comprehensive income, net of tax
 
 
                 
               31,556
   
                      814
   
              32,370
   
          253,126
   
         285,496
       
Balance, September 30, 2012
 
    47,789,229
 
              $477
 
      $492,412
   
        $(7,784
 
          $125,203
   
               $19,301
   
          $629,609
   
     $4,525,233
   
    $5,154,842
   
                                 $-
 
                                                         
                                                     
   
Common Stock
                                               
             Retained     Accumulated     Total                    
        Additional       Earnings     Other     Stockholders'     Non-      Total     Redeemable  
    Issued   Par   Paid-In     Treasury     (Accumulated     Comprehensive     Equity     controlling     Equity     Noncontrolling  
(in thousands, except for share amounts)
  Shares
 
Value
 
Capital  
 
Stock  
 
Deficit)  
 
  Income  
 
   (Deficit)  
 
 Interests  
 
 (Deficit)  
 
Interests
 
                                                         
Balance, January 1, 2011
    42,903,718
 
              $429
 
                  $-
   
     $(19,132
 
     $(2,031,656
 
              $21,137
   
   $(2,029,222
 
          $1,458
   
 $(2,027,764
 
                 $6,320,849
 
                                                         
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests
                                                 
   to redemption value
     
          (10,231
       
          1,703,722
         
         1,693,491
         
      1,693,491
   
                   (1,407,476
Net proceeds from issuance of Common Stock in follow-on offering
      1,983,624
 
                  20
 
            29,179
                     
              29,199
         
           29,199
       
Common Stock distributed pursuant to stock plans
      1,170,001
 
                    12
 
                 (12
 
            5,519
               
                5,519
         
             5,519
       
Redemption of former member interest
     
               (174
                   
                 (174
       
              (174
     
Deferred tax benefit retained
     
                 448
                     
                   448
         
                448
       
Dividends paid to shareholders
                 
               (8,915
       
              (8,915
       
           (8,915
     
Dividends paid to other noncontrolling interests
                             
                        -
   
                 (16
 
                (16
     
Adjustments for changes in proportionate ownership in IBG LLC
 
          (19,210
                   
            (19,210
       
         (19,210
     
Comprehensive income, net of tax
 
 
                 
               48,306
   
                 (1,300
 
              47,006
   
                 309
   
           47,315
       
Balance, September 30, 2011
 
    46,057,343
 
              $461
 
                  $-
   
     $(13,613
 
      $(288,543
 
             $19,837
   
      $(281,858
 
          $1,751
   
     $(280,107
 
                   $4,913,373
 
                                                         
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
 


 
8

 


Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

1. Organization and Nature of Business
 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (“IBG, Inc.” or the “Company”) is a Delaware holding company whose primary asset is its ownership of approximately 11.9% of the membership interests of IBG LLC, which, in turn, owns operating subsidiaries (collectively, “LLC” or the “Group”).  The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of IBG, Inc. reflect the consolidation of IBG, Inc.’s investment in LLC for all periods presented (Note 4).  LLC is an automated global electronic broker and market maker specializing in routing orders and executing and processing trades in securities, futures, foreign exchange instruments, bonds and mutual funds.
 
LLC is a Connecticut limited liability company that conducts its business through its operating subsidiaries (collectively called the “Operating Companies”): Timber Hill LLC (“TH LLC”), Timber Hill Europe AG (“THE”), Timber Hill Securities Hong Kong Limited (“THSHK”), Timber Hill Australia Pty Limited (“THA”), Timber Hill Canada Company (“THC”), Interactive Brokers LLC (“IB LLC”) and subsidiary, Interactive Brokers Canada Inc. (“IBC”), Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited (“IBUK”), Interactive Brokers (India) Private Limited (“IBI”), Interactive Brokers Financial Products S.A. (“IBFP”), Interactive Brokers Hungary KFT (“IBH”), IB Exchange Corp. (“IBEC”), Interactive Brokers Securities Japan, Inc. (“IBSJ”), IB Brasil Participações Ltda (“IBBH”), Interactive Brokers Software Services Estonia OU (“IBEST”) and Interactive Brokers Software Services Russia (“IBRUS”).
 
IBG, Inc. operates in two business segments, electronic brokerage and market making.  IBG, Inc. conducts its electronic brokerage business through its Interactive Brokers subsidiaries, which provide electronic execution and clearing services to customers worldwide.  The Company conducts its market making business principally through its Timber Hill subsidiaries on the world’s leading exchanges and market centers, primarily in exchange-traded equities, equity options and equity-index options and futures.
 
Certain of the Operating Companies are members of various securities and commodities exchanges in North America, Europe and the Asia/Pacific region and are subject to regulatory capital and other requirements (Note 14).  IB LLC, IBUK, IBC, IBI and IBSJ carry securities accounts for customers or perform custodial functions relating to customer securities.
 
2. Significant Accounting Policies
  
Basis of Presentation
 
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding financial reporting with respect to Form 10-Q and accounting standards generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) promulgated in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC” or the “Codification”).  These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and include all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary to present fairly the financial condition as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in IBG, Inc.’s Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012 and IBG, Inc.’s Amended Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, also filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012. The condensed consolidated financial statement information as of December 31, 2011 has been derived from the 2011 audited consolidated financial statements. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.
 
Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in trading gains and losses where related to market making activities or in interest income where related to the investment of customer funds as part of electronic brokerage activities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  Non-U.S. subsidiaries have a functional currency (i.e., the currency in which activities are primarily conducted) that is other than the U.S. dollar.  Such subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year.  Adjustments that result from translating amounts from a subsidiary’s functional currency to the U.S. dollar are reported as a component of other comprehensive income.
 
 
9

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Principles of Consolidation, including Noncontrolling Interests
 
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of IBG, Inc. and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries.  As sole managing member of LLC, IBG, Inc. exerts control over the Group’s operations.  In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, the Company consolidates the Group’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and records as noncontrolling interest the interests in the Group that IBG, Inc. does not own.
 
Prior to the June 6, 2012 amendment to the Exchange Agreement (Note 4), the Company was required to report IBG Holdings LLC's (“Holdings”) ownership as redeemable noncontrolling interests (i.e., temporary equity) pursuant to ASC 810-10-45, ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 480-10-S99-3A (formerly FASB Emerging Issues Task Force Topic D-98), outside of total equity (Note 17) in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.  Redemption value of these redeemable noncontrolling interests is measured as the number of equivalent shares of member interests in LLC owned by Holdings multiplied by the then current market price per share of the Company’s common stock.  The excess of the redemption value over the book value of these interests, which does not affect net income attributable to common stockholders or cash flows, is required to be accounted for as a reduction of the Company’s stockholders’ equity in the consolidated statement of financial condition.
 
The Company has elected to recognize changes in redemption value in each reporting period immediately as they occur as if the end of each reporting period was also the redemption date for the entire redeemable noncontrolling interest under paragraph 15(b) of ASC 480-10-S99-3A, notwithstanding that the redeemable noncontrolling interests are redeemable over a period of time pursuant to a redemption schedule (Note 4).
 
The Company’s policy is to consolidate all entities of which it owns more than 50% unless it does not have control.  All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.  IBG, Inc. would also consolidate any Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) pursuant to ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing and ASC 810 of which it is the primary beneficiary.  IBG, Inc. currently is not the primary beneficiary of any such entities and therefore no VIEs are included in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information.  Therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.  Such estimates include the estimated fair values of IBG LLC and the Company in connection with accounting for redeemable noncontrolling interests, value of investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, including capitalized internally developed software, the allowance for doubtful accounts, compensation accruals, current and deferred taxes and estimated contingency reserves.
 
Fair Value
 
At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, substantially all of IBG, Inc.’s assets and liabilities, including financial instruments, were carried at fair value based on published market prices and are marked to market daily, or were assets which are short-term in nature (such as U.S. government treasury bills or spot foreign exchange) and were carried at amounts that approximate fair value.
 
IBG, Inc. applies the fair value hierarchy of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, to prioritize the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value.  The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.  The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:
 
Level 1
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2
Quoted prices in markets that are not considered to be active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3
Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to fair value measurement and unobservable
 
                 Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, except forward currency contracts, over-the-counter (“OTC”) currency options and certain corporate and municipal debt securities, which are classified as Level 2 financial instruments, are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.  The Company’s financial instruments are valued using quoted

 
10

 
 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

market prices as published by exchanges and clearing houses or otherwise broadly distributed in active markets, include U.S. government and sovereign obligations, active listed securities, options, futures, options on futures and corporate and municipal debt securities.  IBG, Inc. does not adjust quoted prices for Level 1 financial instruments, even in the event that the Company may hold a large position whereby a purchase or sale could reasonably impact quoted prices.

Currency forward contracts and OTC currency options are valued using broadly distributed bank and broker prices, and are classified as Level 2 financial instruments as such instruments are not exchange-traded.  Corporate and municipal debt securities, including Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured corporate bonds held as securities segregated for regulatory purposes, that are not actively traded are also classified in Level 2.

Investments in listed common stock and investments in other non-market making securities, which investments are reported in other assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition, are generally reported as Level 2 financial instruments, except for unrestricted listed equities, which are Level 1 financial instruments.  Investments in other non-market making securities include corporate, municipal and asset-backed debt securities, which are Level 2 financial instruments whose fair values are determined using broker and vendor prices.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share.  Shares of Class A and Class B common stock share proportionately in the earnings of IBG, Inc. Basic earnings per share are calculated utilizing net income available for common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding for that period.  Diluted earnings per share are calculated utilizing the Company’s basic net income available for common stockholders divided by diluted weighted average shares outstanding with no adjustments to net income available to common stockholders for dilutive potential common shares.
 
                The Company has determined to reflect Topic D-98 measurement adjustments for non-fair value redemption rights through application of the two-class method of calculating earnings per share in lieu of recognizing the impact through the determination of net income attributable to common shareholders.  Furthermore, in accordance with footnote 17 of ASC 480-10-S99-3A, the Company has elected to treat only the portion of the periodic measurement adjustments that reflect a redemption in excess of fair value as being akin to a dividend, reducing net income attributable to common stockholders for purposes of applying the two-class method.  Decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests through Topic D-98 measurement adjustments are reflected in the application of the two-class method only to the extent they represent recoveries of amounts previously accounted for by applying the two-class method.

Stock-Based Compensation

IBG, Inc. follows ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, to account for its stock-based compensation plans. ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees to be recognized in the financial statements using a fair value-based method. As a result, IBG, Inc. expenses the fair value of stock granted to employees, generally 50% in the year of grant in recognition of plan forfeiture provisions (described below) and the remaining 50% over the related vesting period utilizing the “graded vesting” method permitted under ASC 718-10.  In the case of “retirement eligible” employees (those employees older than 59), 100% of share awards are expensed when granted.

Awards granted under the ROI Unit Stock Plan and the Stock Incentive Plan are subject to forfeiture in the event an employee ceases employment with the Company. The plans provide that employees who discontinue employment with the Company without cause and continue to meet the terms of the plans’ post-employment provisions will forfeit 50% of unvested previously granted awards unless the employee is over the age of 59, in which case the employee would be eligible to receive 100% of unvested awards previously granted.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
IBG, Inc. defines cash equivalents as short-term, highly liquid securities and cash deposits with original maturities of three months or less, other than those used for trading purposes.
 
11

 

Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Cash and Securities—Segregated for Regulatory Purposes
 
                 As a result of customer activities, certain Operating Companies are obligated by rules mandated by their primary regulators to segregate or set aside cash or qualified securities to satisfy such regulations, which regulations have been promulgated to protect customer assets.  In addition, substantially all of the Operating Companies are members of various clearing organizations at which cash or securities are deposited as required to conduct day-to-day clearance activities.  Securities segregated for regulatory purposes consisted of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured corporate bonds, which are recorded as Level 2 financial assets, in the amount of $79.9 million and $440.4 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, U.S. Treasury Bills of $2,046.9 million and $747.9 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, which are recorded as Level 1 financial assets and securities purchased under agreements to resell in the amount of $6.4 billion and $3.8 billion as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, which amounts approximate fair value.
 
Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned
 
Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received.  Securities borrowed transactions require IBG, Inc. to provide counterparties with collateral, which may be in the form of cash, letters of credit or other securities.  With respect to securities loaned, IBG, Inc. receives collateral, which may be in the form of cash or other securities in an amount generally in excess of the fair value of the securities loaned.
 
IBG, Inc. monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained or refunded as permitted contractually.  Receivables and payables with the same counterparty are not offset in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.  For these transactions, the fees received or paid by IBG, Inc. are recorded as interest income or interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell
 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at contract value, plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value.  The Company’s policy is to obtain possession of collateral with a fair value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned under resale agreements.  To ensure that the fair value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, this collateral is valued daily with additional collateral obtained or excess collateral returned, as permitted under contractual provisions.
 
Financial Instruments Owned and Sold But Not Yet Purchased
 
Stocks, government, corporate and municipal bonds, futures and options transactions are reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements on a trade date basis.  The majority of financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold but not yet purchased are recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices.  All firm-owned financial instruments pledged to counterparties where the counterparty has the right, by contract or custom, to sell or repledge the financial instruments are classified as financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
 
IBG, Inc. also enters into currency forward contracts.  These transactions, which are also reported on a trade date basis, are agreements to exchange a fixed amount of one currency for a specified amount of a second currency at completion of the currency forward contract term.  Unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on currency forward contracts are reported as components of financial instruments owned or financial instruments sold but not yet purchased in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.  Net earnings or losses are reported as components of interest income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
Customer Receivables and Payables
 
Customer securities transactions are recorded on a settlement date basis and customer commodities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis.  Receivables from and payables to customers include amounts due on cash and margin transactions, including futures contracts transacted on behalf of customers.  Securities owned by customers, including those that collateralize margin loans or other similar transactions, are not reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.  Amounts receivable from customers that are determined by management to be uncollectible are written off to general and administrative expense.
 
 
12

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations
 
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations include amounts receivable for securities not delivered by IBG, Inc. to the purchaser by the settlement date (“fails to deliver”) and margin deposits.  Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations include amounts payable for securities not received by IBG, Inc. from a seller by the settlement date (“fails to receive”).  Receivables and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations also include amounts related to futures contracts executed on behalf of customers as well as net payables and receivables from unsettled trades.
 
Investments
 
                 IBG, Inc. makes certain strategic investments in electronic exchange and investment banking platforms and accounts for these investments under the cost method of accounting or under the equity method of accounting as required under ASC 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures.  Investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting when IBG, Inc. has significant influence over the investee.  Investments accounted for under the equity method, including where the investee is a limited partnership or limited liability company, are recorded at the fair value amount of IBG, Inc.’s initial investment and adjusted each period for IBG, Inc.’s share of the investee’s income or loss.  IBG, Inc.’s share of the income or losses from equity investments is reported as a component of other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and the recorded amounts of IBG, Inc.’s equity investments, which are included in other assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, increase or decrease accordingly.  Distributions received from equity investees are recorded as reductions to the respective investment balance.
 
A judgmental aspect of accounting for investments is evaluating whether an other-than-temporary decline in the value of an investment has occurred.  The evaluation of an other-than-temporary impairment is dependent on specific quantitative and qualitative factors and circumstances surrounding an investment, including recurring operating losses, credit defaults and subsequent rounds of financing.  None of IBG, Inc.’s equity investments have readily determinable market values.  All equity investments are reviewed for changes in circumstances or occurrence of events that suggest IBG, Inc.’s investment may not be recoverable.  If an unrealized loss on any investment is considered to be other-than-temporary, the loss is recognized in the period the determination is made.  IBG, Inc. also holds exchange memberships and investments in equity securities of certain exchanges as required to qualify as a clearing member, and strategic investments in corporate stock that do not qualify for equity method accounting.  Such investments are recorded at cost or, if an other-than-temporary impairment in value has occurred, at a value that reflects management’s estimate of the impairment, and are included in other assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.  Dividends are recognized as a component of other income as such dividends are received.
 
The Company makes non-market making investments in listed common stock and corporate debt securities.  In addition, other non-market making investments are made to further diversify the Company’s holdings.  These investments are accounted for at fair value (Note 6), with gains and losses recorded as a component of other income.
 
Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment, which is a component of other assets, consist of purchased technology hardware and software, internally developed software, leasehold improvements and office furniture and equipment.  Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization.  Additions and improvements that extend the lives of assets are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.  Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method.  Equipment is depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, while leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated economic useful life of the asset or the term of the lease.  Computer equipment is depreciated over three to five years and office furniture and equipment are depreciated over five to seven years.  Qualifying costs for internally developed software are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the developed software, not to exceed three years.
 
Comprehensive Income and Foreign Currency Translation
 
The Company’s operating results are reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income pursuant to Accounting Standards Update 2011-05, Comprehensive Income.
 
Comprehensive income consists of two components: net income and other comprehensive income (“OCI”).  OCI is comprised of revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are reported in the comprehensive income section of the statement of
 
 
13

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

comprehensive income, but are excluded from reported net income.  IBG, Inc.’s OCI is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments.

            IBG, Inc.’s international Operating Companies have a functional currency (i.e., the currency in which activities are primarily conducted) that is other than the U.S. dollar.  Such subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period.  Translation gains and losses from market making and electronic brokerage activities, respectively, are included in trading gains and in other income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  Adjustments that result from translating amounts from a subsidiary’s functional currency are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
 
Revenue Recognition
                 
                 —Trading Gains
 
                 Trading gains and losses are recorded on trade date and are reported on a net basis.  Trading gains are comprised of changes in the fair value of trading assets and liabilities (i.e., unrealized gains and losses) and realized gains and losses.  Dividends are integral to the valuation of stocks and interest is integral to the valuation of fixed income instruments.  Accordingly, both dividends and interest income and expense attributable to specific trading assets and liabilities are reported on a net basis as a component of trading gains in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
                —Commissions and Execution Fees
 
Commissions charged for executing and clearing customer transactions are accrued on a trade date basis and are reported as commissions and execution fees in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, and the related expenses are reported as execution and clearing expenses, also on a trade date basis.
 
                 —Interest Income and Expense
 
The Company earns interest income and incurs interest expense primarily in connection with its Electronic Brokerage customer business and its securities lending activities.  Such interest is recorded on the accrual basis.
 
Income Taxes
 
IBG, Inc. accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes.  The Company’s income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated future taxes to be paid.  We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions.  Determining income tax expense requires significant judgments and estimates.
 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of the underlying assets and liabilities. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In projecting future taxable income, we begin with historical results adjusted for the results of discontinued operations and changes in accounting policies and incorporate assumptions including the amount of future state, federal and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax-planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three years of cumulative operating income (loss).
 
The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across our global operations.  Changes in tax laws and rates could also affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future.  Management is not aware of any such changes that would have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, or financial position.
 
ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, on the basis of the technical merits.  ASC 740 also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.
 
 
14

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

The Company records tax liabilities in accordance with ASC 740 and adjusts these liabilities when management’s judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available.  Because of the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities.  These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which new information is available.
 
IBG, Inc. recognizes interest related to income tax matters as interest income or expense and penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
                 Subsequent to the adoption of the ASC, the FASB will issue Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) as the means to add to or delete from, or otherwise amend the ASC.  In 2012, prior to the issuance of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, ASUs 2012-01 through 2012-07 have been issued.  Following is a summary of recently issued ASUs that have affected or may affect the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements:


 
Affects
Status
     
ASU 2011-03
Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements
Fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early application is not permitted.
     
ASU 2011-04
Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS
To be applied prospectively for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early adoption is not permitted for public entities.
     
ASU 2011-08
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment
Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early adoption is permitted.
     
ASU 2011-11
Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.  Retrospective disclosures for comparative periods presented will be required.
     
ASU 2012-02
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment
Effective for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012.  Early adoption is permitted.
     
ASU 2012-03
Technical Amendments and Corrections to SEC Sections - Amendments to SEC section of ASC pursuant to SEC Staff Bulletin 114, Technical Amendments Pursuant to SEC Release No. 33-9520 and Corrections Relating to Accounting Standards Update 2010-22.
Effective upon issuance in August 2012, adopted for the quarter ended September 30, 2012.
     
ASU 2012-04
Technical Corrections and Improvements - Amendments to the ASC correcting for differences between source literature and the ASC, guidance clarification and reference corrections and relocation of guidance to more appropriate locations within the ASC, and Conforming Amendments Related to Fair Value (Topic 820).
Effective upon issuance in October 2012 or, in the case of amendments subject to transitional guidance, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012.

 
15

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Adoption of those ASUs that became effective during 2012, prior to the issuance of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, did not have a material effect on those financial statements.  Management is assessing the potential impact on the Company’s financial statements of adopting ASUs that will become effective during the remainder of fiscal 2012, and in the future.
 
ASC/IFRS Convergence
 
In February 2010, the SEC issued Commission Statement in Support of Convergence and Global Accounting Standards, a formal statement updating the status of its November 2008 Roadmap for the Potential Use of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards by U.S. Issuers (“IFRS Roadmap”).  The statement supported convergence of accounting standards and the development of a single set of global accounting standards.  As directed in this statement, the SEC staff issued Work Plan for the Consideration of Incorporating International Financial Reporting Standards into the Financial Reporting System for U.S. Issuers (the “Work Plan”) in May 2010, and issued a follow-up Staff Paper, subtitled Exploring a Possible Method of Incorporation in May 2011.  The Work Plan outlines the steps to be taken to provide the SEC with information to be able to conclude whether IFRS should be adopted for U.S. registrants and the Staff Paper discusses alternative approaches (“Convergence” and “Endorsement”) to adoption that could be applied.  Within the Staff Paper, the SEC Staff has issued a Request for Comment on these alternatives.  The Comment period ended July 31, 2011 and the SEC Staff issued two Staff Papers, A Comparison of U.S. GAAP and IFRS and Analysis of IFRS in Practice on November 16, 2011.
 
In June 2012 the FASB and IASB issued a joint statement on their continuing deliberations regarding changes to lease accounting.  When issued, new lease accounting standards under the ASC and IFRS will require the reporting of lease assets and related liabilities on issuers’ statements of financial condition under a mutually agreed upon two-method approach.  Exposure Drafts detailing applicability and implementation considerations are expected to be issued during the second half of 2012, and final standards are expected to be issued in 2013.  Management will be assessing the potential effects of this change in lease accounting as the standard setting process moves forward.  Based on the scope of existing lease commitments (approximately 0.1% of total assets as of December 31, 2011 – see Note 16 to the audited financial statements contained in the Company’s 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K/A), the effect on the Company’s financial statements is not expected to be material.
 
On July 13, 2012, the SEC’s Office of the Chief Accountant issued its Final Staff Report on the Work Plan.  This report considered possible means of aligning IFRS with U.S. GAAP, and raised numerous concerns about the possible effects of adoption on registrants and investors.  The Staff Report did not reject some form of convergence between U.S. GAAP and IFRS, but also did not endorse adoption and did not commit to the extent or timing of adoption.  While a formal commitment regarding possible incorporation of IFRS into U.S. GAAP has not been determined, based on continuing joint efforts between the FASB and IASB, it is likely that convergence to some extent will occur in the future.  The Company applies versions of IFRS for the stand alone financial statements of several of the Operating Companies, where required, and continues to assess the potential impact of adopting IFRS on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
  
SEC Derivatives Regulation Roadmap
 
In June 2012, the SEC issued for comment a policy statement on its proposed plan that would sequence the phasing in of final rules to be adopted by the Commission regulating security-based swaps in order to comply with the requirements of the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank” Act).  The policy statement provides a proposed “roadmap” for adoption of final rules, but does not mandate specific registrant compliance deadlines.  Management is monitoring this and other accounting and regulatory rulemaking developments for their potential effect on the Company’s financial statements and internal controls over financial reporting.
 
3. Trading Activities and Related Risks
 
 IBG, Inc.’s trading activities include providing securities market making and brokerage services.  Trading activities expose IBG, Inc. to market and credit risks.  These risks are managed in accordance with established risk management policies and procedures.  To accomplish this, management has established a risk management process that includes:
 
 
a regular review of the risk management process by executive management as part of its oversight role;
 
 
defined risk management policies and procedures supported by a rigorous analytic framework; and
 
 
16

Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

 
 
articulated risk tolerance levels as defined by executive management that are regularly reviewed to ensure that IBG, Inc.’s risk-taking is consistent with its business strategy, capital structure, and current and anticipated market conditions.
 
Market Risk
 
IBG, Inc. is exposed to various market risks.  Exposures to market risks arise from equity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and changes in interest rates.  IBG, Inc. seeks to mitigate market risk associated with trading inventories by employing hedging strategies that correlate rate, price and spread movements of trading inventories and related financing and hedging activities.  IBG, Inc. uses a combination of cash instruments and exchange traded derivatives to hedge its market exposures.  The following discussion describes the types of market risk faced:
 
Equity Price Risk
 
Equity price risk arises from the possibility that equity security prices will fluctuate, affecting the value of equity securities and other instruments that derive their value from a particular stock, a defined basket of stocks, or a stock index.  IBG, Inc. is subject to equity price risk primarily in financial instruments owned and sold but not yet purchased.  IBG, Inc. attempts to limit such risks by continuously reevaluating prices and by diversifying its portfolio across many different options, futures and underlying securities and avoiding concentrations of positions based on the same underlying security.
 
Currency Risk
 
Currency risk arises from the possibility that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates will impact the value of financial instruments.  Exchange rate contracts may include cross-currency swaps and currency futures contracts.  Currency swaps are agreements to exchange future payments in one currency for payments in another currency.  These agreements are used to effectively convert assets or liabilities denominated in different currencies.  Currency futures are contracts for delayed delivery of currency at a specified future date.  IBG, Inc. uses currency swaps to manage the levels of its non-U.S. dollar currency balances and currency cash and futures to hedge its global exposure.
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect the value of financial instruments.  IBG, Inc. is exposed to interest rate risk on cash and margin balances, positions carried in equity securities, options and futures and on its debt obligations.  These risks are managed through investment policies and by entering into interest rate futures contracts.
 
 
Credit Risk
 
IBG, Inc. is exposed to risk of loss if an individual, counterparty or issuer fails to perform its obligations under contractual terms (“default risk”).  Both cash instruments and derivatives expose IBG, Inc. to default risk.  IBG, Inc. has established policies and procedures for mitigating credit risk on principal transactions, including reviewing and establishing limits for credit exposure, maintaining collateral, and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties.

The Company’s credit risk is limited in that substantially all of the contracts entered into are settled directly at securities and commodities clearing houses and a small portion is settled through member firms and banks with substantial financial and operational resources.  IBG, Inc. seeks to control the risks associated with its customer margin activities by requiring customers to maintain collateral in compliance with regulatory and internal guidelines.
 
In the normal course of business, IBG, Inc. executes, settles, and finances various customer securities transactions.  Execution of these transactions includes the purchase and sale of securities by IBG, Inc. that exposes IBG, Inc. to default risk arising from the potential that customers or counterparties may fail to satisfy their obligations.  In these situations, IBG, Inc. may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at unfavorable market prices to satisfy obligations to customers or counterparties.  Liabilities to other brokers and dealers related to unsettled transactions (i.e., securities fails to receive) are recorded at the amount for which the securities were purchased, and are paid upon receipt of the securities from other brokers or dealers.  In the case of aged securities fails to receive, IBG, Inc. may purchase the underlying security in the market and seek reimbursement for any losses from the counterparty.
 
For cash management purposes, IBG, Inc. enters into short-term securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions (“repos”) in addition to securities borrowing and lending arrangements, all 
 
 
17

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

of which may result in credit exposure in the event the counterparty to a transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations.  In accordance with industry practice, repos are collateralized by securities with a market value in excess of the obligation under the contract.  Similarly, securities borrowed and loaned agreements are collateralized by deposits of cash or securities.  IBG, Inc. attempts to minimize credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring collateral values on a daily basis and requiring additional collateral to be deposited with or returned to IBG, Inc. as permitted under contractual provisions.
 
Concentrations of Credit Risk
 
IBG, Inc.’s exposure to credit risk associated with its trading and other activities is measured on an individual counterparty basis, as well as by groups of counterparties that share similar attributes.  Concentrations of credit risk can be affected by changes in political, industry, or economic factors.  To reduce the potential for risk concentration, credit limits are established and exposure is monitored in light of changing counterparty and market conditions.  As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, the Company did not have any material concentrations of credit risk.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Risks
 
IBG, Inc. may be exposed to a risk of loss not reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for futures products, which represent obligations of IBG, Inc. to settle at contracted prices, which may require repurchase or sale in the market at prevailing prices.  Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance sheet risk as IBG, Inc.’s cost to liquidate such futures contracts may exceed the amounts reported in IBG, Inc.’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

4. Equity and Earnings Per Share
 
In connection with its IPO in May 2007, IBG, Inc. purchased 10.0% of the membership interests in LLC from Holdings, became the sole managing member of LLC and began to consolidate LLC’s financial results into its financial statements. Holdings wholly owns all Class B common stock, which common stock has voting rights in proportion to its ownership interests in LLC, approximately 88.1% as of September 30, 2012.  The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the results of operations and financial position of IBG, Inc., including consolidation of its investment in LLC, and Holdings’ interests in LLC, prior to the June 6, 2012 amendment to the Exchange Agreement, were accounted for and reported in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as redeemable noncontrolling interests (temporary equity) pursuant to ASC 810-10-45, ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 480-10-S99-3A (see Note 17 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements).  For periods after the Amendment, beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2012, the noncontrolling interests in LLC attributable to Holdings are reported as a component of permanent equity, as described below.
 
Recapitalization and Post-IPO Capital Structure
 
Immediately prior to and immediately following the consummation of the IPO, IBG, Inc., Holdings, LLC and the members of LLC consummated a series of transactions collectively referred to herein as the “Recapitalization.” In connection with the Recapitalization, IBG, Inc., Holdings and the historical members of LLC entered into an exchange agreement, dated as of May 3, 2007 (the “Exchange Agreement”), pursuant to which the historical members of LLC received membership interests in Holdings in exchange for their membership interests in LLC.  Additionally, IBG, Inc. became the sole managing member of LLC.
 
In connection with the consummation of the IPO, Holdings used the net proceeds to redeem 10.0% of members’ interests in Holdings in proportion to their interests.  Immediately following the Recapitalization and IPO, Holdings owned approximately 90% of LLC and 100% of IBG, Inc.’s Class B common stock, which has voting power in IBG, Inc. proportionate to the extent of Holdings’ ownership of LLC.
 
Since consummation of the IPO and Recapitalization, IBG, Inc.’s equity capital structure has been comprised of Class A and Class B common stock.  All shares of common stock have a par value of $0.01 per share and have identical rights to earnings and dividends and in liquidation.  As described previously in this Note 4, Class B common stock has voting power in IBG, Inc. proportionate to the extent of Holdings’ ownership of LLC.  At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock were authorized, of which 47,789,229 and 46,061,256 shares have been issued; and 47,488,923 and 45,576,791 shares were outstanding, respectively.  Class B common stock is comprised of 100 authorized shares, of which 100 shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.  In addition, 10,000 shares of preferred stock have been authorized, of which no shares are issued or outstanding as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
 
 
18

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

As a result of a federal income tax election made by LLC applicable to the acquisition of LLC member interests by IBG, Inc., the income tax basis of the assets of LLC acquired by IBG, Inc. have been adjusted based on the amount paid for such interests.  Deferred tax assets were recorded as of the IPO date and in connection with the 2011 redemption of Holdings’ member interests in exchange for Common Stock, which deferred tax assets are a component of Other Assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition and are being amortized as additional deferred income tax expense over 15 years from the IPO date and from the 2011 redemption date, respectively, as allowable under current tax law.

As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the unamortized balance of these deferred tax assets was $286,477 and, $297,881, respectively.
 
IBG, Inc. also entered into an agreement (the “Tax Receivable Agreement”) with Holdings to make payments to Holdings (for the benefit of the former members of LLC) equal to 85% of the tax savings that IBG, Inc. actually realizes as the result of tax basis increases.  These payables, net of payments made to Holdings, are reported as Payable to Affiliate in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition.
 
The remaining 15% is accounted for as a permanent increase to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition.
 
The deferred tax assets, payables to Holdings and credits to additional paid in capital arising from stock offerings through September 30, 2012 are:
 
Deferred Tax Assets
 
Payable to Holdings
 
Additional Paid In Capital
               
$
            387,069
  $
            329,009
  $
              58,060

These differ from amounts previously reported as a result of provision to tax return differences.

Amounts received and payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement are payable to Holdings annually upon the filing of IBG, Inc.’s federal income tax return.  The Company has paid Holdings a total of $54.6 million through September 30, 2012 pursuant to the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement.
 
The Exchange Agreement also provides for future redemptions of member interests and for the purchase of member interests in LLC by IBG, Inc. from Holdings, which could result in IBG, Inc. acquiring the remaining member interests in LLC that it does not own.  On an annual basis, owners of Holdings member interests are able to request redemption of such member interests from Holdings over a minimum eight (8) year period following the IPO; 12.5% annually for seven (7) years and 2.5% in the eighth year.
 
At the time of the Company’s IPO in 2007, three hundred sixty (360) million shares of authorized Class A common stock were reserved for future sales and redemptions. From 2008 through 2010, redemptions totaling $114 million were funded using cash on hand at LLC. In 2011, the Company issued 1,983,624 shares of Class A common stock directly to Holdings in exchange for an equivalent number of shares of member interests in LLC.
 
As a consequence of these redemption transactions, and distribution of shares to employees (Note 10), IBG, Inc.’s interest in LLC has increased to approximately 11.9%, with Holdings owning the remaining 88.1% as of September 30, 2012.  The redemptions also resulted in an increase in the Holdings interest held by Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates from approximately 84.6% at the IPO to approximately 86.3% at September 30, 2012.
 
                The Exchange Agreement, as amended June 6, 2012, provides that the Company may facilitate the redemption by Holdings of interests held by its members through the issuance of shares of common stock through a public offering in exchange for the interests in LLC being redeemed by Holdings. The June 6, 2012 amendment (the “Amendment”) eliminated from the Exchange Agreement an alternative funding method, which provided that upon approval by the board of directors and by agreement of the Company, LLC and Holdings, redemptions could be made in cash.
 
                 Subsequent to the amendment to the Exchange Agreement on June 6, 2012, the Company recorded adjustments to report Holdings’ noncontrolling interests in LLC as permanent equity, reducing redeemable noncontrolling interests to zero and reversing the cumulative effect of adjustments to redemption value previously recorded to additional paid-in capital.  The effect of these adjustments, before the allocation of comprehensive income and other capital transactions to Holdings’ noncontrolling interests in
 
 
19

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

LLC subsequent to June 6, 2012, and before the recording of capital transactions and comprehensive income attributable to the Company and to other noncontrolling interests was:

 
(in thousands)
   
Adjustments as of June 6, 2012
 
         
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
  $
     (5,367,553
         
Additional Paid in Capital
   $
         472,409
 
         
Retained earnings
  $
         572,840
 
         
Noncontrolling interests
  $
      4,322,304
 

Stock Repurchase Program
 
In September 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to eight (8) million shares of its Class A common stock by LLC.  Shares may be purchased from time to time in the open market and in private transactions if the Company deems the price appropriate.  In November 2008, 65,800 shares were repurchased at a cost of $866, and are being held as Treasury Stock.
 
Earnings Per Share
 
The Company has determined to reflect measurement adjustments for non-fair value redemption rights through application of the two-class method of calculating earnings per share in lieu of recognizing the impact through the determination of net income attributable to common stockholders.
 
Basic earnings per share are calculated utilizing net income available for common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding for that period (2011 restated):

 
        Three months ended  
 
 
Nine months ended
 
       
September 30,
     
September 30,
 
       
2012
   
2011
     
2012
   
2011
 
Basic earnings per share:                          
Net income attributable to common stockholders $
               12,488
  $
                22,494
    $
               31,556
  $
               48,306
 
 
Add (deduct) net income attributable to non-fair value redemption rights
 
                            -
   
                     (846
   
                    1,108
   
                     (436
 
Net income available for common stockholders
$
                12,488
  $
                21,648
    $
                32,664
  $
                47,870
 
                             
 
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
               
 
 
Class A  
           47,488,359
   
           44,832,445
     
           46,588,113
   
           43,370,191
 
    Class B  
                       100
   
                       100
     
                       100
   
                       100
 
       
           47,488,459
   
           44,832,545
     
           46,588,213
   
           43,370,291
 
                               
 
Basic earnings per share
$
                   0.26
  $
                    0.48
    $
                    0.70
  $
                    1.10
 
 
Diluted earnings per share are calculated utilizing the Company’s basic net income available for common stockholders divided by diluted weighted average shares outstanding with no adjustments to net income available to common stockholders for potentially dilutive common shares (2011 restated):

 
20

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)



          Three months ended Nine months ended  
          September 30, September 30,  
          2012     2011     2012   2011  
Diluted earnings per share:                        
  Net income available for common stockholders - basic $
                12,488
  $
                21,648
  $
               32,664
  $
                47,870
 
  Adjustments for potentially dilutive common shares  
                            -
   
                            -
   
                            -
   
                            -
 
                                 
  Net income available for common stockholders $
                12,488
  $
                21,648
  $
                32,664
   $
                47,870
 
                                 
  Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:              
   
Class A:
                       
   
 
Issued and outstanding
 
           47,488,359
   
           44,832,445
   
           46,588,113
   
           43,370,191
 
   
 
Potentially dilutive common shares:
                       
   
 
 
Issuable pursuant to 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan
 
                191,359
   
                376,012
   
                277,557
   
                462,267
 
   
Class B:
 
                       100
   
                       100
   
                       100
   
                       100
 
           
           47,679,818
   
           45,208,557
   
           46,865,770
   
           43,832,558
 
                                 
  Diluted earnings per share $
                    0.26
  $
                    0.48
  $
                    0.70
  $
                    1.09
 

Potentially dilutive common shares could include unvested shares awarded under the SIP.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the additional shares of common stock attributable to the SIP that would have been assumed to be issued, as calculated under the Treasury Stock method, were anti-dilutive and, accordingly, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.
 
Member and Stockholder Dividends
 
In March, June and September 2012, LLC paid dividends to its members totaling $119.3 million, of which IBG, Inc.’s proportionate share was $14.1 million.  Also in March, June and September 2012, the Company paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.10 per share of Common Stock, totaling $14.1 million.
 
On October 16, 2012, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable December 14, 2012 to shareholders of record as of November 30, 2012.
 


 
21

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)


5. Comprehensive Income
 
Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and other comprehensive income.  The Company’s OCI is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments, which arise from changes in the U.S. dollar value of the net worth of the Company’s international Operating Companies during respective reporting periods.  The following table presents comprehensive income, net of income taxes, and earnings per share, calculated using the two-class method on comprehensive income (2011 restated):

 
         
Three months ended
     
Nine months ended
 
         
September 30,
     
September 30,
 
         
2012
   
2011
     
2012
   
2011
 
                                 
  Net income attributable to common stockholders    $
 12,488
  $
              22,494
    $
             31,556
  $
             48,306
 
  Add (deduct) net income attributable to non-fair value redemption rights  
-
   
                   (846
)    
                  1,108
   
                   (436
)
  Net income available for common stockholders    
             12,488
   
                21,648
     
                32,664
   
                47,870
 
  Other comprehensive income:                            
   
Cumulative translation adjustment, before income taxes
   
                  2,965
   
              (10,127
)    
                  1,274
   
                (2,055
)
   
Income taxes related to items of other comprehensive income
   
                  1,071
   
                (3,722
)    
                     460
   
                   (755
)
  Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax    
                  1,894
   
                (6,405
)    
                     814
   
                (1,300
)
                                 
  Comprehensive income available for common stockholders   $
14,382
  $
              15,243
    $
              33,478
  $
             46,570
 
                                 
                                 
Earnings per share on comprehensive income:                            
   
Basic
  $
    0.30
  $
                  0.34
    $
                  0.72
  $
                  1.07
 
   
Diluted
  $
    0.30
  $
                  0.34
    $
                  0.71
  $
                  1.06
 
                                 
                                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:                            
   
Basic
   
47,488,459
   
44,832,545
     
46,588,213
   
43,370,291
 
   
Diluted
   
47,679,818
   
45,208,557
     
46,865,770
   
43,832,558
 

 
22

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)


6. Fair Value
 
The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy (Note 2), financial assets and liabilities, primarily financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased at fair value as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.  As required by ASC 820, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.


     
Financial Assets At Fair Value as of September 30, 2012
                         
     
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
                         
Securities segregated for regulatory purposes $
           2,046,887
  $
              79,881
  $
                       -
  $
      2,126,768
Financial instruments owned:                      
 
Stocks
 
                  57,245
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
             57,245
 
Options
 
             3,097,458
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
        3,097,458
 
U.S. and foreign government obligations
 
                  37,715
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
             37,715
 
Warrants
 
                  70,288
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
             70,288
 
Corporate and municipal bonds
 
                  54,387
   
                69,107
   
                         -
   
           123,494
 
Discount certificates
 
                  73,758
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
             73,758
 
Currency forward contracts
 
                           -
   
                     955
   
                         -
   
                  955
     
             3,390,851
   
                70,062
   
                         -
   
        3,460,913
Financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral:                      
 
Stocks
 
             2,051,158
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
        2,051,158
 
Corporate and municipal bonds
 
                  19,581
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
             19,581
 
U.S. and foreign government obligations
 
                173,317
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
           173,317
     
             2,244,056
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
        2,244,056
     
             5,634,907
   
                70,062
   
                         -
   
        5,704,969
                         
                         
Other assets - investments in non-market making securities                      
 
Investments in common stock
 
                  19,669
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
             19,669
 
Investments in other non-market making securities
 
                    1,670
   
                97,571
   
                         -
   
             99,241
                         
    $
           7,703,133
  $
            247,514
  $
                       -
  $
      7,950,647
                         
                         
     
Financial Liabilities At Fair Value as of September 30, 2012
                         
     
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:                      
 
Stocks
$
           1,153,322
  $
                       -
  $
                      -
  $
      1,153,322
 
Options
 
             3,269,411
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
        3,269,411
 
U.S. and foreign government obligations
 
                       205
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
                  205
 
Warrants
 
                    1,257
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
               1,257
 
Corporate bonds
 
                  54,921
   
                58,822
   
                         -
   
           113,743
 
Currency forward contracts
 
                           -
   
                  9,244
   
                         -
   
               9,244
    $
           4,479,116
  $
             68,066
  $
                      -
  $
     4,547,182
                         
                         
 
 
 
23

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

 
    Financial Assets At Fair Value as of December 31, 2011
                         
     
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
                         
Securities segregated for regulatory purposes $
              747,857
  $
            440,408
  $
                      -
  $
      1,188,265
Financial instruments owned:                      
 
Stocks
 
                671,881
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
           671,881
 
Options
 
             4,113,539
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
        4,113,539
 
U.S. and foreign government obligations
 
                  10,908
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
             10,908
 
Warrants
 
                113,603
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
           113,603
 
Corporate and municipal bonds
 
                  36,587
   
                60,501
   
                         -
   
             97,088
 
Discount certificates
 
                  60,675
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
             60,675
 
Currency forward contracts
 
                           -
   
                  1,577
   
                         -
   
               1,577
     
             5,007,193
   
                62,078
   
                         -
   
        5,069,271
Financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral:                      
 
Stocks
 
             1,373,990
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
        1,373,990
 
Corporate and municipal bonds
 
                    4,402
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
               4,402
 
U.S. and foreign government obligations
 
                167,415
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
           167,415
     
             1,545,807
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
        1,545,807
     
             6,553,000
   
                62,078
   
                         -
   
        6,615,078
                         
Other assets - investments in non-market making securities                      
 
Investments in common stock
 
                    3,782
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
               3,782
 
Investments in other non-market making securities
 
                    1,260
   
                89,472
   
                         -
   
             90,732
                         
    $
           7,305,899
  $
            591,958
  $
                       -
  $
      7,897,857
                         
                         
     
Financial Liabilities At Fair Value as of December 31, 2011
                         
     
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:                      
 
Stocks
$
           1,796,160
  $
                       -
  $
                       -
  $
     1,796,160
 
Options
 
             4,233,533
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
        4,233,533
 
Warrants
 
                       240
   
                         -
   
                         -
   
                  240
 
Corporate bonds
 
                  61,166
   
                61,511
   
                         -
   
           122,677
 
Currency forward contracts
 
                           -
   
                  3,538
   
                         -
   
               3,538
    $
           6,091,099
  $
             65,049
  $
                       -
  $
      6,156,148


7. Collateralized Transactions
 
The Company enters into securities borrowing and lending transactions and agreements to repurchase and resell securities to finance trading inventory, to obtain securities for settlement and to earn residual interest rate spreads.  In addition, the Company’s customers pledge their securities owned to collateralize margin loans.  Under these transactions, the Company either receives or provides collateral, including equity, corporate debt and U.S. government securities.  Under many agreements, the Company is permitted to sell or repledge securities received as collateral and use these securities to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending transactions or deliver these securities to counterparties to cover short positions.
 
The Company also engages in securities financing transactions with and for customers through margin lending.  Under these agreements and transactions, the Company either receives or provides collateral, including U.S. government securities, corporate debt and equity securities.  Customer receivables generated from margin lending activity are collateralized by customer-owned securities held by the Company.  Customers’ required margin levels and established credit limits are monitored continuously by risk management staff using automated systems.  Pursuant to Company policy and as enforced by such systems, customers are required to deposit additional collateral or reduce positions, when necessary to avoid automatic liquidation of positions.
 
 
24

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Margin loans are extended on a demand basis and are not committed facilities.  Factors considered in the acceptance or rejection of margin loans are the amount of the loan, the degree of leverage being employed in the account and an overall evaluation of the portfolio to ensure proper diversification or, in the case of concentrated positions, appropriate liquidity of the underlying collateral.  Additionally, transactions relating to concentrated or restricted positions are limited or prohibited by raising the level of required margin collateral (to 100% in the extreme case).  Underlying collateral for margin loans is evaluated with respect to the liquidity of the collateral positions, valuation of securities, volatility analysis and an evaluation of industry concentrations.  Adherence to the Company’s collateral policies significantly limits the Company’s credit exposure to margin loans in the event of a customer’s default.  Under margin lending agreements, the Company may request additional margin collateral from customers and may sell securities that have not been paid for or purchase securities sold but not delivered from customers, if necessary.  At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, approximately $9.4 billion and $7.0 billion, respectively, of customer margin loans were outstanding.
 
Amounts relating to collateralized transactions at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are summarized as follows:
 

     
September 30, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
     
Securities
   
Securities
   
Securities
   
Securities
     
Received as
   
Received and
   
Received as
   
Received and
     
Collateral
   
Repledged
   
Collateral
   
Repledged
                         
Securities lending transactions
$
        2,964,517
  $
         2,939,287
  $
         2,670,232
  $
         2,656,879
Agreements to resell (1)
 
           6,769,772
   
           6,769,772
   
           4,173,502
   
           4,173,502
Customer margin securities
 
         12,826,070
   
           1,198,417
   
           9,797,275
   
              852,739
    $
       22,560,359
  $
       10,907,476
  $
       16,641,009
  $
         7,683,120
                         
(1)
At September 30, 2012, $6.4 Billion or 95% (at December 31, 2011, $3.8 Billion or 91%) of securities aquired through agreements to resell have been deposited in a separate bank account for the exclusive benefit of customers in accordance with SEC Rule 15c3-3.
 
In the normal course of business, the Company pledges qualified securities with clearing organizations to satisfy daily margin and clearing fund requirements.  At September 30, 2012, substantially all government obligations owned were pledged to clearing organizations.
 
Financial instruments owned and pledged, where the counterparty has the right to repledge, at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 consisted of the following:
 

  September 30,   December 31,
  2012   2011
Stocks
$
         2,051,158
  $
         1,373,990
Corporate and municipal bonds
 
                19,581
   
                  4,402
U.S. and foreign government obligations
 
              173,317
   
              167,415
  $
         2,244,056
  $
         1,545,807
 
8. Senior Notes Payable
 
In January 2012, the Company decided to discontinue the Senior Notes Program.  It is the Company’s intention that no new Senior Notes will be issued.  All previously issued Senior Notes, $101,411 outstanding as of December 31, 2011, were redeemed prior to June 30, 2012.
 
9. Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
 
On May 17, 2012, LLC entered into a $100 million three-year senior secured revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent and Citibank, N.A., as syndication agent.  This credit facility replaced a similar two-year facility that expired on May 17, 2012.
 
LLC is the sole borrower under this credit facility.  The facility’s interest rate is indexed to the overnight federal funds rate or to the British Bankers Association LIBOR rate for the relevant term, at the borrower’s option, and is secured by a first priority interest in all of the capital stock of each entity owned directly by LLC (subject to customary limitations with respect to foreign subsidiaries).  The facility may be used to finance working capital needs and general corporate purposes, including downstreaming
 
 
25

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

funds to LLC’s regulated broker-dealer subsidiaries as regulatory capital.  This allows LLC to take advantage of market opportunities when they arise, while maintaining substantial excess regulatory capital.  The financial condition covenants contained in this credit facility include the following:
 
 
minimum consolidated shareholders’ equity, as defined, of $3.6 billion, with quarterly increases equal to 25% of positive consolidated net income;
 
 
maximum total debt to capitalization ratio of 30%;
 
 
minimum liquidity ratio of 1.0 to 1.0; and
 
 
maximum total debt to net regulatory capital ratio of 35%.
 
At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, no borrowings were outstanding under this or the predecessor credit facility and LLC was in compliance with all of the covenants.  At maturity, subject to meeting certain terms of the facility, the Company will have an option to convert the facility to a one-year term loan.

10. Employee Incentive Plans
 
Return on Investment Dollar Units (“ROI Dollar Units”)
 
From 1998 through January 1, 2006, LLC granted all non-member employees ROI Dollar Units, which are redeemable under the amended provisions of the plan, and in accordance with regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service (Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code).  Upon redemption, the grantee is entitled to accumulated earnings on the face value of the certificate, but not the actual face value.  For grants made in 1998 and 1999, grantees may redeem the ROI Dollar Units after vesting on the fifth anniversary of the date of their grant and prior to the tenth anniversary of the date of their grant.  For grants made between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2005, grantees must elect to redeem the ROI Dollar Units upon the fifth, seventh or tenth anniversary date.  These ROI Dollar Units will vest upon the fifth anniversary of the date of their grant and will continue to accumulate earnings until the elected redemption date.  For grants made on or after January 1, 2006, all ROI Dollar Units shall vest on the fifth anniversary date of their grant and will be automatically redeemed.  Subsequent to the IPO, no additional ROI Dollar Units have been or will be granted, and non-cash compensation to employees will consist primarily of grants of shares of Common Stock as described below under “2007 Stock Incentive Plan.”
 
As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, payables to employees for ROI Dollar Units were $7,471 and $10,088, respectively, all of which were vested.  These amounts are included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.  Compensation expense for the ROI Dollar Unit plan, included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income was $598 and $1,199 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 respectively.
 
2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan
 
In connection with the IPO, IBG, Inc. adopted the Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan (the “ROI Unit Stock Plan”).  Under this plan, certain employees of the Group who held ROI Dollar Units, at the employee’s option, elected to invest their ROI Dollar Unit accumulated earnings as of December 31, 2006 in shares of the Company's Class A common stock.  An aggregate of 1,271,009 shares of common stock (consisting of 1,250,000 shares issued under the ROI Unit Stock Plan and 21,009 shares under the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as described below), with a fair value at the date of grant of $38,143, were issued to LLC, to be held as Treasury stock, to be distributed to employees in accordance with the following schedule, subject to the conditions below:
 
 
10% on the date of the IPO (or on the first anniversary of the IPO, in the case of U.S. ROI Unit holders who made the above-referenced elections after December 31, 2006); and
 
 
an additional 15% on each of the first six anniversaries of the date of the IPO, assuming continued employment with IBG, Inc. and compliance with other applicable covenants.
 
Of the fair value at the date of grant, $17,806 represented the accumulated ROI Dollar Unit value elected to be invested by employees in common stock and such amount was accrued for as of December 31, 2006.  The remainder is being ratably accrued as compensation expense by the Company from the date of the IPO over the requisite service period represented by the aforementioned distribution schedule.  Compensation expense for the 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan and related grants under the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, net of the effect of forfeitures, included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the
 
 
26

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $2,680 and $3,008 respectively.  Estimated future compensation costs for unvested awards at September 30, 2012 are $0.8 million.
 
2007 Stock Incentive Plan
 
Under the Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Stock Incentive Plan” or “SIP”), up to 20.0 million shares of common stock may be granted and issued to directors, officers, employees, contractors and consultants of IBG, Inc. and its subsidiaries.  The purpose of the Stock Incentive Plan is to promote IBG, Inc.’s long-term financial success by attracting, retaining and rewarding eligible participants.
 
The Stock Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of IBG, Inc.’s Board of Directors.  The Compensation Committee has discretionary authority to determine which employees are eligible to participate in the Stock Incentive Plan and establishes the terms and conditions of the awards, including the number of awards granted to each employee and all other terms and conditions applicable to such awards in individual grant agreements.  Awards are expected to be made primarily through grants for common stock.  Stock Incentive Plan awards are subject to issuance over time and may be forfeited upon an employee’s termination of employment or violation of certain applicable covenants prior to issuance, unless determined otherwise by the Compensation Committee.
 
The Stock Incentive Plan provides that, upon a change in control, the Compensation Committee may, at its discretion, fully vest any granted but not yet earned awards under the Stock Incentive Plan, or provide that any such granted but not yet earned awards will be honored or assumed, or new rights substituted therefore by the new employer on a substantially similar basis and on terms and conditions substantially comparable to those of the Stock Incentive Plan.
 
IBG, Inc. granted awards under the Stock Incentive Plan in connection with the IPO and is expected to continue to grant awards on or about December 31 of each year following the IPO, to eligible employees as part of an overall plan of equity compensation.  Shares of common stock vest and become distributable to employees in accordance with the following schedule:
 
 
10% on the first vesting date, which approximates the anniversary of the IPO; and
 
 
an additional 15% on each of the following six anniversaries of the first vesting, assuming continued employment with IBG, Inc. and compliance with non-competition and other applicable covenants.
 
Awards granted to external directors vest, and are distributed, over a five-year period (20% per year) commencing one year after the date of grant.  14,940 shares have been granted to the external directors cumulatively since the IPO.
 
Stock Incentive Plan share grants (excluding 21,009 shares issued pursuant to the 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan above) and the related fair values at the date of grant were:

 
 
Shares
   
Fair Value at Date of Grant ($000's)
         
In connection with IPO
                927,943
  $
                 27,847
July 31, 2007
                  16,665
   
                        404
December 31, 2007
             1,055,206
   
                   32,876
December 31, 2008
             2,065,432
   
                   35,600
December 31, 2009
             2,448,031
   
                   42,796
December 31, 2010
             2,513,738
   
                   43,255
December 31, 2011
             3,411,613
   
                   50,753
January 6, 2012
             1,215,866
   
                   18,411
 
           13,654,494
  $
               251,942
 
On January 6, 2012, a special discretionary grant was awarded to employees.  This additional grant, which is reported in the table above, is subject to the same terms and conditions as other employee SIP grants.
 
 
27

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)


The following is a summary of Stock Plan activity for the period from January 1 through September 30, 2012:
 

 
Shares
 
2007 Stock
 
2007 ROI Unit
 
Incentive Plan
 
Stock Plan
           
Balance, December 31, 2011
             9,408,994
   
                 356,149
 
           
Granted
             1,215,866
   
                            -
 
Forfeited
              (106,949
)  
                      (500
)
Distributed
           (1,727,973
)  
               (184,159
)
Balance, September 30, 2012
             8,789,938
   
                 171,490
 
 
Estimated future grants under the Stock Incentive Plan are being accrued for ratably during each year under the ASC 718 “Graded Vesting” method.  Based upon the forfeiture provisions of the Stock Incentive Plan, ASC 718 requires the Company to expense 50% of the grant date value of SIP awards in the year of grant, in addition to expensing the remainder of the grant value over the seven-year service period attributable to each grant.  Compensation expense recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 were $51,188 and $27,978, respectively.  Estimated future compensation costs for unvested awards at September 30, 2012 are $34.5 million.
 
Awards granted under the ROI Unit Stock Plan and the Stock Incentive Plan are subject to forfeiture in the event an employee ceases employment with the Company.  The plans provide that employees who discontinue employment with the Company without cause and continue to meet the terms of the plans’ post-employment provisions will forfeit 50% of unvested previously granted awards unless the employee is over the age of 59, in which case the employee would be eligible to receive 100% of unvested awards previously granted.  Distributions of remaining awards granted on or before January 1, 2009 to former employees will occur within 90 days of the anniversary of the termination of employment date over a five (5) year vesting schedule, 12.5% in each of the first four years and 50% in the fifth year.  Distributions of remaining awards granted on or after January 1, 2010 to former employees will occur over the remaining vesting schedule applicable to each grant.  Through September 30, 2012, a total of 36,717 shares have vested and have been distributed under these post-employment provisions.  These distributions are included in the Stock Plans activity tables above.
 
11. Income Taxes
 
Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate due to the differing effective tax rates in foreign, state and local jurisdictions where certain operating companies are subject to corporate taxation.  Deferred income taxes arise due to the amortization of the deferred tax assets recognized in connection with the Common Stock offerings (Note 4), valuation of THE’s financial assets and liabilities and temporary differences arising from the deductibility of compensation and depreciation expenses in different time periods for book and tax return purposes.  The retained earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of IBG, Inc., which are considered permanently reinvested, may be subject to additional U.S. income taxes if such earnings were to be distributed.  The Company has not provided deferred U.S. income taxes since the tax bases of such subsidiaries exceed their book bases.
 
12. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
 
Litigation
 
The Company is subject to certain pending and threatened legal actions which arise out of the normal course of business.  Litigation is inherently unpredictable, particularly in proceedings where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages, or which are in their early stages.  IBG, Inc. cannot predict with certainty the actual loss or range of loss related to such legal proceedings, the manner in which they will be resolved, the timing of final resolution or the ultimate settlement.  Although the results of legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management that the resolution of these actions is not expected to have a material effect, if any, on our business or financial condition, but may have a material impact on the results of operations for a given period.
 
On February 3, 2010, Trading Technologies International, Inc. (“Trading Technologies”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, against IBG, Inc., LLC, Holdings, and IB LLC.  Thereafter,
 
 
28

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Trading Technologies dismissed IBG, Inc. and Holdings from the case, leaving only LLC and IB LLC as defendants (“Defendants”).  The operative complaint, as amended, alleges that the Defendants have infringed and continue to infringe twelve U.S. patents held by Trading Technologies.  Trading Technologies is seeking, among other things, unspecified damages and injunctive relief.  The case is in the early stages and discovery has yet to begin.  While it is too early to predict the outcome of the matter, we believe we have meritorious defenses to the allegations made in the complaint and intend to defend ourselves vigorously against them.  However, litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no guarantee that the Company will prevail or that the litigation can be settled on favorable terms.
 
IBG, Inc. accounts for potential losses related to litigation in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies.  As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, reserves provided for potential losses related to litigation matters were not material.
 
Guarantees
 
Certain of the Operating Companies provide guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges which meet the accounting definition of a guarantee under ASC 460, Guarantees.  Under the standard membership agreement, members are required to guarantee collectively the performance of other members.  Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearinghouse, other members would be required to meet shortfalls.  In the opinion of management, the Operating Companies’ liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and could exceed the cash and securities they have posted as collateral.  However, the potential for these Operating Companies to be required to make payments under these arrangements is remote.  Accordingly, no contingent liability is carried in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for these arrangements.
 
In connection with its retail brokerage business, IB LLC performs securities and commodities execution, clearance and settlement on behalf of its customers for whom it commits to settle trades submitted by such customers with the respective clearing houses.  If a customer fails to fulfill its obligation, IB LLC must fulfill the customer’s obligation with the trade counterparty.  No contingent liability is carried on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for such customer obligations.
 
Other Commitments
 
Certain clearing houses and clearing banks and firms used by certain Operating Companies are given a security interest in certain assets of those Operating Companies held by those clearing organizations.  These assets may be applied to satisfy the obligations of those Operating Companies to the respective clearing organizations.
 
13. Segment and Geographic Information
 
IBG, Inc. operates in two business segments, market making and electronic brokerage.  The Company conducts its market making business principally through its Timber Hill subsidiaries on the world’s leading exchanges and market centers, primarily in exchange-traded equities, equity options and equity-index options and futures.  IBG, Inc. conducts its electronic brokerage business through its Interactive Brokers subsidiaries, which provide electronic execution and clearing services to customers worldwide.
 
Significant transactions and balances between the Operating Companies occur, primarily as a result of certain Operating Companies holding exchange or clearing organization memberships, which are utilized to provide execution and clearing services to affiliates.  Charges for transactions between segments are designed to approximate full costs.  Intra-segment and intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in this segment and geographic information to accurately reflect the external business conducted in each segment or geographical region.  Corporate items include non-allocated corporate income and expenses that are not attributed to segments for performance measurement, corporate assets and eliminations.
 
Management believes that the following information by business segment provides a reasonable representation of each segment’s contribution to total net revenues and income before income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, and to total assets as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
 
29

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)


   
Three months ended
     
Nine months ended
 
   
September 30,
     
September 30,
 
   
2012
     
2011
     
2012
     
2011
 
Net revenues:
                             
Electronic brokerage
$
              167,571
    $
              191,716
    $
              498,250
    $
              525,091
 
Market making
 
                154,140
     
                204,363
     
                387,824
     
                532,427
 
Corporate and eliminations
 
                  (3,112
)    
                (10,553
)    
                  (2,665
)    
                  (7,164
)
Total net revenues
$
              318,599
    $
              385,526
    $
              883,409
    $
           1,050,354
 
                               
Income before income taxes:
                             
Electronic brokerage
 $
                80,735
    $
              105,509
    $
              254,358
    $
              284,568
 
Market making
 
                  90,230
     
                128,514
     
                180,203
     
                322,366
 
Corporate and eliminations
 
                    1,655
     
                (16,266
)    
                  (3,757
)    
                (18,061
)
Total income before income taxes
$
             172,620
    $
              217,757
    $
              430,804
    $
              588,873
 
                               
                               
    September 30,  
 
 
December 31,
                 
   
2012
     
2011
                 
Segment assets:
                             
Electronic brokerage
$
         25,673,219
    $
         20,707,771
                 
Market making
 
           13,883,105
     
           14,389,427
                 
Corporate and eliminations
 
           (5,694,628
)    
           (4,692,833
)                
        Total assets
$
         33,861,696
    $
         30,404,365
                 

The Company operates its automated global business in U.S. and international markets on more than 100 exchanges and market centers.  A significant portion of IBG, Inc.’s net revenues are generated by subsidiaries operating outside the United States.  International operations are comprised of market making and electronic brokerage activities in 24 countries in Europe, Asia and North America (outside the United States).  The following table presents total net revenues and income before income taxes by geographic area for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011:
 

   
Three months ended
     
Nine months ended
 
   
September 30,
     
September 30,
 
   
2012
     
2011
     
2012
     
2011
 
Net revenues:
                             
United States
$
              237,123
    $
              237,494
    $
              645,399
    $
              747,795
 
International
 
                  85,994
     
                159,166
     
                243,389
     
                313,422
 
Corporate and eliminations
 
                  (4,518
)    
                (11,134
)    
                  (5,379
)    
                (10,863
)
Total net revenues
$
              318,599
    $
              385,526
    $
              883,409
    $
           1,050,354
 
                               
Income before income taxes:
                             
United States
$
              134,055
    $
              137,610
    $
              348,001
    $
             475,192
 
International
 
                  38,257
     
                  96,913
     
                  89,089
     
                135,125
 
Corporate and eliminations
 
                       308
     
                (16,766
)    
                  (6,286
)    
                (21,444
)
Total income before income taxes
$
              172,620
    $
              217,757
    $
              430,804
    $
             588,873
 
 
 
30

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

14. Regulatory Requirements
 
At September 30, 2012, aggregate excess regulatory capital for all of the Operating Companies was $2.9 billion.
 
TH LLC and IB LLC are subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) under the Exchange Act and the CFTC’s minimum financial requirements (Regulation 1.17), and THE is subject to the Swiss National Bank eligible equity requirement.  Additionally, THSHK is subject to the Hong Kong Securities Futures Commission liquid capital requirement, THA is subject to the Australian Stock Exchange liquid capital requirement, THC and IBC are subject to the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada risk adjusted capital requirement, IBUK is subject to the U.K. Financial Services Authority financial resources requirement, IBI is subject to the National Stock Exchange of India net capital requirements and IBSJ is subject to the Japanese Financial Supervisory Agency capital requirements. The following table summarizes capital, capital requirements and excess regulatory capital (millions):
 

  Net Capital/ Eligible Equity   Requirement   Excess
IB LLC
$
                1,585
  $
               214
  $
            1,371
TH LLC
 
                     636
   
                   43
   
                 593
THE
 
                     597
   
                 198
   
                 399
Other regulated Operating Companies
 
                     509
   
                   22
   
                 487
  $
                3,327
  $
               477
  $
            2,850
 
At September 30, 2012, all of the regulated Operating Companies were in compliance with their respective regulatory capital requirements.
 
Regulatory capital requirements could restrict the Operating Companies from expanding their business and declaring dividends if their net capital does not meet regulatory requirements.  Also, certain entities within IBG, Inc. are subject to other regulatory restrictions and requirements.
 
15. Related Party Transactions
 
Receivable from affiliate represents amounts advanced to Holdings and payable to affiliate represents amounts payable to Holdings under the Tax Receivable Agreement (Note 4).  Included in receivable from and payable to customers in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were account receivables of directors, officers and their affiliates of $38,553 and $1,291 and payables of $276,553 and $510,623, respectively, arising from the normal course of business as brokerage customers of the Company.
 
16. Subsequent Events
 
As required by ASC 855-10-50, the Company has evaluated subsequent events for adjustment to or disclosure in its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements through the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.
 
No recordable or disclosable events, not otherwise reported in these financial statements or the notes thereto, occurred.

 
31

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

17. Restatement
 
 Accounting for Noncontrolling Interests in LLC Attributable to Holdings
 
Subsequent to the issuance of the Company’s 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company identified an error in its accounting for noncontrolling interests in LLC attributable to Holdings.  Previous reporting of these noncontrolling interests was as a component of permanent equity.  Pursuant to ASC 810-10-45, ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 480-10-S99-3A, prior to the amendment to the Exchange Agreement, these interests were required to be accounted for and reported as “redeemable noncontrolling interests” (temporary equity).  The revised accounting results in the reporting of redeemable noncontrolling interests as a separate category in the statement of financial condition, outside of total equity, and at redemption value.  The excess of redemption value over book value is reported as a direct charge to stockholders’ equity (deficit).  This had no effect on total assets or liabilities in the statement of financial condition, on reported net income attributable to common stockholders. However, as a result of the classification of Holdings’ noncontrolling interests in LLC as redeemable noncontrolling interests, the calculation of earnings per share was affected, as described below.
 
Effect on Earnings Per Share (reported in the Statement of Comprehensive Income):
 
As a result of the error affecting redeemable noncontrolling interests described above, prior to the June 6, 2012 Amendment to the Exchange Agreement, pursuant to the requirements of ASC 480-10-S99, the Company was required to calculate earnings per share using the two-class method to give effect in its calculation of net income available to common stockholders to the cash redemption feature as an other than fair value redemption feature.  For the Company, under U.S. GAAP, this other than fair value redemption feature is measured by the change in the difference between the fair value of LLC and the fair value of the Company.  This difference equals the Company’s share of the tax benefits arising from the sale of stock in May 2007 at the IPO and in connection with the August 2011 member interest redemption transaction, or $57.6 million that has been retained by the Company.
 
Under the two-class method as applied by the Company (Note 2), the recognition of the cash redemption feature does not affect net income attributable to common stockholders, but allocates a portion of earnings to this other than fair value redemption right that would otherwise be available to common stockholders, calculated as the previously described difference between the respective fair values of LLC and the Company.  The effect on earnings per share for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2011 was:

 
  Thee months ended September 30, 2011   Nine months ended September 30, 2011
               
Basic earnings per share
$
                           0.50
    $
                          1.11
 
Error correction, adjustments to give effect to assumed redemptions
 
                           (0.02
)    
                           (0.01
)
               
Basic earnings per share, as restated
$
                           0.48
    $
                           1.10
 
               
               
Diluted earnings per share
$
                           0.50
    $
                           1.10
 
Error correction, adjustments to give effect to assumed redemptions
 
                           (0.02
)    
                           (0.01
)
               
Diluted earnings per share, as restated
$
                           0.48
    $
                           1.09
 
 
 


 
32

 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)


Effect on the Statement of Changes in Equity:

The following information is provided to facilitate readers’ understanding of the effects of these errors on the ending balances reported in the statement of changes in equity as of September 30, 2011:
 

(in thousands)     Previously reported    
Adjustments
     
As Restated
 
                         
September 30, 2011                      
                         
Equity (deficit):                      
Stockholders' equity (deficit)                      
 
Additional paid-in capital
  $
         545,873
  $
      (545,873
)   $
                  -
 
 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
  $
         131,895
  $
      (420,438
)    $
    (288,543
)
                         
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)   $
         565,679
  $
      (847,537
)    $
    (281,858
)
                         
Noncontrolling interests   $
      4,067,587
  $
   (4,065,836
)    $
           1,751
 
                         
Total equity (deficit)   $
      4,633,266
  $
   (4,913,373
)    $
    (280,107
)
                         
Redeemable noncontrolling interests   $
                     -
  $
    4,913,373
     $
    4,913,373
 

 


*****

 
 
 

 
33

 

ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes in Item 1, included elsewhere in this report.  In addition to historical information, the following discussion also contains forward-looking statements that include risks and uncertainties.  Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in Amendment No. 1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on August 31, 2012 and elsewhere in this report.

Introduction
 
IBG, Inc. is a holding company whose primary asset is ownership of approximately 11.9% of the membership interests of the Group.

We are an automated global electronic broker and market maker specializing in routing orders and executing and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments on more than 100 electronic exchanges and trading venues around the world.  Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions.  The advent of electronic exchanges in the last 22 years has provided us with the opportunity to integrate our software with an increasing number of exchanges and trading venues into one automatically functioning, computerized platform that requires minimal human intervention.

Business Segments

The Company reports its results in two business segments, electronic brokerage and market making.  These segments are analyzed separately as we derive our revenues from these two principal business activities as well as allocate resources and assess performance.

 
·
Electronic Brokerage.  We conduct our electronic brokerage business through our Interactive Brokers (“IB”) subsidiaries.  As an electronic broker, we execute, clear and settle trades globally for both institutional and individual customers.  Capitalizing on the technology originally developed for our market making business, IB’s systems provide our customers with the capability to monitor multiple markets around the world simultaneously and to execute trades electronically in these markets at a low cost, in multiple products and currencies from a single trading account.  We offer our customers access to all classes of tradable, exchange-listed products, including stocks, bonds, options, futures, forex and mutual funds traded on more than 100 exchanges and market centers and in 19 countries around the world seamlessly.

During the fourth quarter of 2011, we introduced the Interactive Brokers Information System (“IBIS”), which offers customers a robust suite of informational tools at a fraction of the cost of traditional research platforms.  IBIS includes live quotes, newswire feeds, calendars of economic and earnings events, fundamental research data, charts and more in an interface that can be configured to customers’ needs.  The response from customers has been positive and we continue to devote resources to the further development of this tool with additional content and functions.  To provide greater value to our customers we decided to make IBIS available to all of our existing customers free of charge this past quarter.

 
·
Market Making.  We conduct our market making business through our Timber Hill subsidiaries.  As one of the largest market makers on many of the world’s leading exchanges, we provide liquidity by offering competitively tight bid/offer spreads over a broad base of over 913,000 tradable, exchange-listed products.  As principal, we commit our own capital and derive revenues or incur losses from the difference between the price paid when securities are bought and the price received when those securities are sold.  Because we provide continuous bid and offer quotations and we are continuously both buying and selling quoted securities, we may have either a long or a short position in a particular product at a given point in time.  Our entire portfolio is evaluated each second and continuously rebalanced throughout the trading day, minimizing the risk of our portfolio at all times.  This real-time rebalancing of our portfolio, together with our real-time proprietary risk management system, enables us to curtail risk and to be profitable in both up-market and down-market scenarios.

  When we use the terms “we,” “us,” and “our,” we mean IBG, Inc. and its subsidiaries for the periods presented.

Executive Overview

Third Quarter Results:  Diluted earnings per share on a comprehensive basis were $0.30 for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 as compared to comprehensive diluted earnings per share of $0.34 for the same period in 2011.

Reported results on a comprehensive basis reflect the GAAP convention adopted in 2011 that requires the reporting of currency translation results contained in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as part of reportable earnings.  Previously, currency translation results were reported only as a component of changes in total equity in the statement of financial condition.

 
34

 

 
Currency translation effects are largely a result of our currency strategy.  We have determined to base our net worth in GLOBALs, a self-defined basket of currencies in which we maintain our equity.  Approximately 63% of our equity is denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars1.  The effects of our currency strategy appear in two places in the financial statements: (1) as a component of trading gains in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income and (2) as OCI in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition.  As described above, the full effect of the GLOBAL is captured in comprehensive income.
 
On a non-comprehensive basis, which excludes the effect of changes in the U.S. dollar value of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries, diluted earnings per share were $0.26 for the three months ended September 30, 2012, as compared to $0.48 for the three months ended September 30, 2011.

In light of the weakening of the U.S. dollar against a number of other currencies, adding OCI to net income increased diluted comprehensive earnings per share by $0.04 for the current quarter.

Consolidated:  For the three months ended September 30, 2012, our net revenues were $318.6 million and income before income taxes was $172.6 million, as compared to net revenues of $385.6 million and income before income taxes of $217.8 million for the corresponding period in 2011.  This decrease was driven by lower trading gains and commissions and execution fees, partially offset by a decrease in execution and clearing fees. The decrease in trading gains was a result of a subdued market making environment as compared to the highly volatile year-ago quarter.  As a result of the weakening of the U.S. dollar, currency translation increased trading gains by $41.5 million this quarter compared to a loss of $22.7 million in the year-ago quarter.  Commissions and execution fees were lower than those of the year-ago quarter due to lower customer volume in options, futures and stocks.  During the same period last year we observed a surge in volumes, driven by concerns over the U.S. debt downgrade and European debt crisis.  Higher employee compensation and benefits accounted for an additional $1.5 million of expense, which was largely a result of a one-time discretionary grant of restricted stock units awarded on January 6, 2012 as well as a correction to our method for recognizing expenses related to our 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (“SIP”).  The special award was made to provide our employees with greater equity participation in the Company and was designed to give lower compensated employees proportionally higher awards.  The corrected accounting treatment accelerates the recognition of SIP-related compensation expense to earlier years and decreases expense recognition in subsequent years, although total expense over the life cycle of the SIP grants is unchanged.2  General and administrative expenses decreased $3.2 million, primarily on lower bad debt expenses.  Our pre-tax margin for the three months ended September 30, 2012 was 54%, as compared to 56% for the corresponding period in 2011.

Brokerage:  During the three months ended September 30, 2012, income before income taxes in our electronic brokerage segment decreased 23%, from $105.5 million to $80.8 million.  This reflects a decrease in commissions and execution fees and an increase in employee compensation and benefits expense, partially offset by a decrease in execution and clearing fee expenses and a modest increase in net interest income.  Commissions decreased by 23% from the year-ago quarter as a result of lower customer volume in options, futures, stocks and forex.  Total customer Daily Average Revenue Trades (“DARTs”) decreased by 21% from the same period last year.  Execution and clearing expenses were 19% lower on decreased customer stock, option and futures volume.  The increase in employee compensation and benefits expense is related to increased SIP costs, as discussed above.  The increase in net interest income was attributable to an increase in interest earned on customer cash and margin balances compared to the year-ago period.  Customer equity grew by 35%, to $31.5 billion, from the year-ago quarter.  Pre-tax margin decreased from 55% to 48% for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

Market Making:  During the three months ended September 30, 2012, income before income taxes in our market making segment decreased 30%, from $128.5 million to $90.2 million.  This reflects a $48.4 million decrease in trading gains from the year-ago quarter.  Trading gains were negatively impacted by an unfavorable market making environment in this quarter, with lower exchange traded volumes, lower actual to implied volatility, and tighter bid/offer spreads in options.  Currency translation effects increased trading gains $64.2 million compared to the corresponding period in 2011, reflecting a $41.5 million gain compared to a $22.7 million loss.  As a result, our trading gains, after removing the effects of currency translation, decreased $112.6 million or 51%, compared to the year-ago quarter.  Execution and clearing expenses were 29% lower during the three months ended September 30, 2012 than in the year-ago quarter due to decreases in options, futures and stock volumes of 36%, 38% and 40%, respectively.  Pre-tax margin decreased to 59% in the third quarter of 2012 as compared to 63% in the corresponding period of 2011.

Nine Months Results:  Diluted earnings per share on a comprehensive basis were $0.71 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to comprehensive diluted earnings per share of $1.06 for the same period in 2011.
 

1 For a full description of our currency strategy, please see pages 57 - 58, Foreign Currency Exposure.
2 The corrected accounting method is explained in Note 21 to our audited consolidated financial statements in our Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for 2011, filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012.

 
35

 
On a non-comprehensive basis, which excludes the effect of changes in the U.S. dollar value of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries, diluted earnings per share were $0.70 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, as compared to $1.09 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

In light of the weakening of the U.S. dollar against a number of other currencies, adding OCI to net income increased diluted comprehensive earnings per share by $0.01 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Consolidated:  For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, our net revenues were $883.4 million and income before income taxes was $430.8 million, as compared to net revenues of $1,050.4 million and income before income taxes of $588.9 million for the corresponding period in 2011.  This decrease was driven by lower trading gains and commissions and execution fees and an increase in employee compensation and benefits expense, partially offset by a decrease in execution and clearing expenses.  Trading gains decreased 28% in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, as compared to the corresponding period last year due to an unfavorable market making environment and a negative $25.3 million swing in currency translation. The swing in currency translation from a gain to a loss, accounted for 18% of the decline in trading gains from the year-ago period.  Currency translation effects are reported as part of trading gains in the Market Making segment.  Commissions and execution fees were 11% lower than those of the year-ago period as a result of lower customer stock, options and futures volume.  As noted above, during the same period last year we observed a surge in customer trading volumes, driven by concerns over the U.S. debt downgrade and European debt crisis.  Employee compensation and benefits expense increased 12% compared to the year-ago period.  The increase in employee compensation and benefits expense was largely a result of a special discretionary stock grant of restricted stock units awarded on January 6, 2012, as well as a correction to our method for recognizing expenses related to SIP.  The corrected accounting treatment accelerates the recognition of SIP-related compensation expense to earlier years and decreases expense recognition in subsequent years, although total expense over the life cycle of the SIP grants is unchanged.  Our pre-tax margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 was 49%, as compared to 56% for the corresponding period in 2011.

Brokerage:  During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, income before income taxes in our electronic brokerage segment decreased 11%, from $284.6 million to $254.4 million.  This reflects declines in commissions and execution fees and an increase in employee compensation and benefits expenses, partially offset by a decrease in execution and clearing fee expenses.  As noted above, the increase in employee compensation and benefits expense was largely a result of an increase in SIP expenses recognized in the current period.  Commission and execution fees decreased by 11% from the year-ago period, as a result of lower total customer volume in stocks, options and futures on a 6% decrease in DARTs.  Execution and clearing expenses were 12% lower on decreased total customer volume in stocks, options and futures.  Net interest income increased 4% due to higher net fees and interest from securities borrowed and loaned transactions, partially offset by a decrease in net interest earned on customer cash and margin balances.  Customer equity grew by 35%, to $31.5 billion, from the year-ago quarter.  Pre-tax margin decreased from 54% to 51% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

Market Making:  During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, income before income taxes in our market making segment decreased 44%, from $322.4 million to $180.2 million.  This reflects a $146.4 million decrease in trading gains from the year-ago period.  The decrease in trading gains was driven by lower exchange traded volumes and low actual to implied volatility.  Currency translation effects further decreased trading gains by $25.3 million, compared to the corresponding period in 2011, reflecting a $0.5 million loss in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 compared to a $24.8 million gain in the year-ago period.  Execution and clearing expenses were 7% lower during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 than the year-ago period due to decreases in options, futures and stock trading volume of 3%, 20% and 23%, respectively.  Pre-tax margin decreased to 46% in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 61% in the corresponding period of 2011.

 
36

 

The following tables present historical trading volumes for our business.  Volumes are among several drivers in our business.


TRADE VOLUMES:
               
(in 000's, except %)
     
Brokerage
       
 
Market
 
Brokerage
 
Non
     
Avg. Trades
 
Making
%
Cleared
%
Cleared
%
Total
%
per U.S.
Period
Trades
Change
Trades
Change
Trades
Change
Trades
Change
Trading Day
2007
            99,086
 
       72,931
 
       16,638
 
     188,655
 
               752
2008
           101,672
3%
     120,195
65%
       16,966
2%
     238,833
27%
               944
2009
            93,550
-8%
     127,338
6%
       13,636
-20%
     234,524
-2%
               934
2010
            75,169
-20%
     133,658
5%
       18,732
37%
     227,559
-3%
               905
2011
            63,602
-15%
     160,567
20%
       19,187
2%
     243,356
7%
               968
                   
3Q2011
            19,602
 
       45,879
 
         5,273
 
       70,754
 
            1,106
3Q2012
            14,405
-27%
       36,246
-21%
         3,435
-35%
       54,086
-24%
               865
                   
CONTRACT AND SHARE VOLUMES:
           
(in 000's, except %)
               
                   
TOTAL
 
Options
%
Futures
%
Stocks
%
   
Period
 
(contracts)
Change
(contracts)
Change
(shares)
Change
   
2007
 
     673,144
 
       83,134
 
     47,324,798
     
2008
 
     757,732
13%
     108,984
31%
     55,845,428
18%
   
2009
 
     643,380
-15%
       82,345
-24%
     75,449,891
35%
   
2010
 
     678,856
6%
       96,193
17%
     84,469,874
12%
   
2011
 
     789,370
16%
     106,640
11%
     77,730,974
-8%
   
                   
3Q2011
 
     254,904
 
       31,835
 
     20,598,631
     
3Q2012
 
     169,745
-33%
       24,020
-25%
     15,364,650
-25%
   
                   
MARKET MAKING
Options
%
Futures
%
Stocks
%
   
Period
 
(contracts)
Change
(contracts)
Change
(shares)
Change
   
2007
 
     447,905
 
       14,520
 
     24,558,314
     
2008
 
     514,629
15%
       21,544
48%
     26,008,433
6%
   
2009
 
     428,810
-17%
       15,122
-30%
     26,205,229
1%
   
2010
 
     435,184
1%
       15,371
2%
     19,165,000
-27%
   
2011
 
     503,053
16%
       15,519
1%
     11,788,769
-38%
   
                   
3Q2011
     171,731
 
         4,835
 
       3,921,841
     
3Q2012
     110,549
-36%
         3,007
-38%
       2,347,903
-40%
   
                   
Notes:

1.
Futures contract volume includes options on futures

2.
In Brazil, an equity option contract typically represents one share of the underlying stock; however, the typical minimum trading quantity is 100 contracts.  To make a fair comparison to volume at other exchanges, we have adopted a policy of reporting Brazilian equity options contracts divided by their trading quantity of 100.
 
 
37

 


CONTRACT AND SHARE VOLUMES, continued:
(in 000’s, except %)

BROKERAGE TOTAL                
 
Options
%
Futures
%
Stocks
%
   
Period
 
(contracts)
Change
(contracts)
Change
(shares)
Change
   
2007
 
     225,239
 
       68,614
 
     22,766,484
     
2008
 
     243,103
8%
       87,440
27%
     29,836,995
31%
   
2009
 
     214,570
-12%
       67,223
-23%
     49,244,662
65%
   
2010
 
     243,672
14%
       80,822
20%
     65,304,874
33%
   
2011
 
     286,317
18%
       91,121
13%
     65,942,205
1%
   
                   
3Q2011
 
       83,173
 
       27,000
 
     16,676,790
     
3Q2012
 
       59,196
-29%
       21,013
-22%
     13,016,747
-22%
   

BROKERAGE CLEARED
             
 
Options
%
Futures
%
Stocks
%
   
Period
 
(contracts)
Change
(contracts)
Change
(shares)
Change
   
2007
 
       51,586
 
       66,278
 
     20,353,584
     
2008
 
       77,207
50%
       85,599
29%
     26,334,752
29%
   
2009
 
       93,868
22%
       66,241
-23%
     46,627,344
77%
   
2010
 
     103,054
10%
       79,144
19%
     62,077,741
33%
   
2011
 
     145,993
42%
       89,610
13%
     63,098,072
2%
   
                   
3Q2011
 
       43,994
 
       26,601
 
     15,846,432
     
3Q2012
 
       37,174
-16%
       20,686
-22%
     12,594,066
-21%
   
                   
 
             
Notes:

1.
Futures contract volume includes options on futures

 
BROKERAGE STATISTICS
     
(in 000's, except % and where noted)
   
 
3Q2012
3Q2011
% Change
   Total Accounts
                                                                              205
                            184
11%
   Customer Equity (in billions) *
$31.5
$23.3
35%
       
   Cleared DARTs
                                                                              369
                            457
-19%
   Total Customer DARTs
                                                                              390
                            495
-21%
       
       
       
Cleared Customers (in $'s, except DART per account)
   
   Commission per DART
$4.23
$4.29
-1%
   DART per Avg. Account (Annualized)
                                                                              456
                            640
-29%
   Net Revenue per Avg. Account (Annualized)
$3,216
$4,024
-20%
       
 
     
 

* Excluding non-customers (e.g. Directors and Officers)


 
38

 

Business Environment

During the third quarter, we continued to see a decline in trading volumes on exchanges worldwide.  We believe this was due, in part, to economic uncertainty in the global markets and weakened investor confidence.  High profile events such as the August trading loss by Knight Capital have contributed to regulators’ sense of urgency to understand the effects algorithmic trading and high frequency traders (“HFTs”) are having on the markets and investors, prompting a widespread review of market structure.  Regulators and exchanges have already enacted several changes and continue to consider new rules that limit manipulative trading strategies by HFTs that may undermine the integrity of the financial markets and contribute to systemic risk.

The decrease in trading volumes from the third quarter of 2011 to this quarter was especially pronounced due to the unusual spike in volatilities and trading volumes that occurred in the third quarter of last year around news of the U.S. debt downgrade and intensifying concerns over the European debt crisis.  While the slowdown in trading volumes has impacted our brokerage business, our customer activity levels have not declined to the same extent as those of other industry participants.  Year over year, our daily average revenue trades for cleared customers decreased 19%.  By comparison, according to data received from exchanges worldwide, volumes in exchange-listed equity-based options decreased by approximately 22% globally and decreased by approximately 27% in the U.S., as compared to the corresponding quarter in 2011.

Despite lighter trading volumes, we continued to see steady growth in the number of customer brokerage accounts and customer equity, which increased 11% and 35%, respectively, over the third quarter of 2011.  Among the factors driving customer growth are low trading costs and financing rates, price execution quality and our financial stability.
 
Other conditions that impact our market making trading gains deteriorated during the third quarter compared to the same period in 2011, including reduced volatilities and narrower options bid/offer spreads.  However, these negative impacts to trading gains were largely offset by exchange rate movements that benefited our results.

Our market making profits are generally correlated with market volatility since we typically maintain an overall long volatility position, which protects us against a severe market dislocation in either direction.  Based on the VIX, the CBOE’s market volatility index, the average volatility during the third quarter was approximately 47% lower than it was in the third quarter of 2011.  The ratio of actual to implied volatility is also meaningful to our results.  Because the cost of hedging our positions is based on implied volatility, while our trading profits are, in part, based on actual market volatility, a higher ratio is generally favorable and a lower ratio generally has a negative effect on our trading gains.  This ratio averaged approximately 71% during the third quarter, as compared to 81% in the second quarter of 2012 and 111% in the year-ago quarter.

Our trading gains generally benefit from wider bid/offer spreads on exchange traded instruments.  In the U.S., bid/offer spreads on exchange-traded options have been gradually widening since reaching a historic low in the third quarter of 2010.  We believe this trend can be attributed to the heightened scrutiny of high frequency trading firms since the May 2010 Flash Crash.  However, this widening trend has been nonlinear, and bid/offer spreads in the third quarter were approximately 4% narrower than the corresponding period in 2011, as reported by the NASDAQ OMX PHLX market.

Currency movements positively impacted our results in the third quarter.  As a global market maker trading on exchanges around the world in multiple currencies, we are exposed to foreign currency risk.  We actively manage this exposure by maintaining our net worth in GLOBALs, a defined basket of currencies.  Because we report our financial results in U.S. dollars, the change in the value of the GLOBAL to the U.S. dollar affects our earnings.  During the third quarter of 2012, the value of the GLOBAL as expressed in U.S. dollars increased 1.3% compared to the previous quarter which positively affected our comprehensive earnings and offset the negative impacts of lower volatilities and narrower spreads this quarter.

During the third quarter of 2012 we accounted for approximately 9.9% of the exchange-listed equity-based options (including options on ETFs and stock index products) volume traded worldwide and approximately 13.4% of exchange-listed equity-based options volume traded in the U.S.  This compares to approximately 11.5% of the exchange-listed equity-based options volume traded worldwide and approximately 15.3% of the exchange-listed equity-based options volume traded in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2011.  It is important to note that market share is not directly correlated with our profits.

See the tables on pages 37 - 38 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details regarding our trade volumes, contract and share volumes and brokerage statistics.

 
39

 

Certain Trends and Uncertainties
 
 
 
·
We believe that our continuing operations may be favorably or unfavorably impacted by the following trends that may affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
·
Over the past several years, the effects of market structure changes, competition (in particular, from HFTs) and market conditions have, during certain periods, exerted downward pressure on bid/offer spreads realized by market makers.

 
·
Retail broker-dealer participation in the equity markets has fluctuated over the past few years due to investor sentiment, market conditions and a variety of other factors.  Retail transaction volumes may not be sustainable and are not predictable.

 
·
In recent years, in an effort to improve the quality of their executions as well as increase efficiencies, market makers have increased the level of automation within their operations, which may allow them to compete more effectively with us.

 
·
Regulatory and legislative authorities have increased their scrutiny of equity and option market makers, hedge funds and soft dollar practices.  New legislation or modifications to existing regulations and rules could occur in the future.

 
·
Further consolidation among market centers this may adversely affect the value of our smart routing software.
 
 
·
A driver of our market making profits is the relationship between actual and implied volatility in the equities markets.  The cost of maintaining our conservative risk profile is based on implied volatility, while our profitability, in part, is based on actual volatility.  Hence, our profitability is increased when actual volatility runs above implied volatility and it is decreased when actual volatility falls below implied volatility.  Implied volatility tends to lag actual volatility.
 
See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012 and elsewhere in this report for a discussion of other risks that may affect our financial condition and results of operations.


 
40

 

Results of Operations

The tables in the period comparisons below provide summaries of our revenues and expenses.  The period-to-period comparisons below of financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results.  The following table sets forth our unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations for the indicated periods (2011 restated, see Note 17 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements:



     
Three Months
   
Nine Months
 
     
 Ended September 30,
   
 Ended September 30,
 
     
2012
 
2011
   
2012
 
2011
 
     
(in millions, except share and per share data)
 
                       
         
(As Restated)
       
(As Restated)
 
Revenues:
                 
 
Trading gains
$149.7
 
$193.8
   
$372.0
 
$514.7
 
 
Commissions and execution fees
100.5
 
130.6
   
309.5
 
346.3
 
 
Interest income
65.4
 
73.8
   
200.6
 
211.8
 
 
Other income
17.2
 
10.7
   
50.8
 
43.1
 
                       
   
Total revenues
332.8
 
408.9
   
932.9
 
1,115.9
 
                       
 
Interest expense
14.2
 
23.3
   
49.5
 
65.5
 
                       
   
Total net revenues
318.6
 
385.6
   
883.4
 
1,050.4
 
                       
Non-interest expenses:
                 
 
Execution and clearing
61.7
 
82.1
   
192.5
 
214.4
 
 
Employee compensation and benefits
57.7
 
56.2
   
180.2
 
161.2
 
 
Occupancy, depreciation and amortization
9.0
 
9.0
   
28.9
 
27.3
 
 
Communications
6.0
 
5.7
   
17.2
 
17.8
 
 
General and administrative
11.6
 
14.8
   
33.8
 
40.8
 
                       
   
Total non-interest expenses
146.0
 
167.8
   
452.6
 
461.5
 
                       
Income before income taxes
172.6
 
217.8
   
430.8
 
588.9
 
                       
Income tax expense
14.7
 
15.3
   
34.4
 
46.5
 
                       
Net income
157.9
 
202.5
   
396.4
 
542.4
 
                       
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
145.4
 
180.0
   
364.8
 
494.1
 
                       
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$12.5
 
$22.5
   
$31.6
 
$48.3
 
                       
                       
Earnings (loss) per share :
                 
 
Basic
$0.26
 
$0.48
   
$0.70
 
$1.10
 
 
Diluted
$0.26
 
$0.48
   
$0.70
 
$1.09
 
                       
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
                 
 
Basic
47,488,459
 
44,832,545
   
46,588,213
 
43,370,291
 
 
Diluted
47,679,818
 
45,208,557
   
46,865,770
 
43,832,558
 
                       
Comprehensive income:
                 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$12.5
 
$22.5
   
$31.6
 
$48.3
 
 
Other comprehensive income:
                 
   
Cumulative translation adjustment, before income taxes
3.0
 
(10.1
 
1.3
 
(2.1
   
Income taxes related to items of other comprehensive income
1.1
 
(3.7
)  
0.5
 
(0.8
)
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
1.9
 
(6.4
)  
0.8
 
(1.3
)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$14.4
 
$16.1
   
$32.4
 
$47.0
 
                       
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
                 
 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
145.4
 
$180.0
   
$364.8
 
$494.1
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss) - cumulative translation adjustment
22.0
 
(75.9
)  
9.9
 
(9.2
)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
$167.4
 
$104.1
   
$374.7
 
$484.9
 


 
 
41

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011

Net Revenues
 
Total net revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased $67.0 million or 17%, to $318.6 million from $385.6 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease in net revenues was primarily due to decreases in trading gains and commissions and execution fees compared to the year-ago quarter.  Trading gains and commissions and execution fees surged during the third quarter of 2011 as the U.S. debt downgrade and intensifying concerns over the European debt crisis resulted in high volatility and trading volumes.  Trading volume is an important driver of revenues and costs for both our electronic brokerage and market making segments.  Third quarter of 2012 volumes in options and futures contracts and stock shares executed by our subsidiaries were below the year-ago levels by 33%, 25% and 25%, respectively.
 
Trading Gains.  Trading gains for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased $44.1 million, or 23%, to $149.7 million from $193.8 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  As market makers, we provide liquidity by buying from sellers and selling to buyers.  During the quarter ended September 30, 2012, our market making operations executed 14.4 million trades, a decrease of 27% as compared to the number of trades executed in the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  Options contracts decreased 36% and futures contracts and stock shares decreased 38% and 40%, respectively, as compared to the year-ago quarter.  The decrease in trading gains was offset by a $64.2 million positive swing in currency translation.  Trading gains reflected a currency translation gain of $41.5 million during the current quarter compared to a $22.7 million loss in same period of 2011.  As part of managing our overall exposure to foreign currency fluctuations, we maintain our capital in a basket of currencies we call the GLOBAL.  A discussion of our approach to managing foreign currency exposure is contained in Part I, Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”
 
Trading gains were negatively impacted by a 47% decrease in average volatility, as measured by the CBOE’s market volatility index (“VIX”), which decreased by half in the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the year-ago quarter.  In addition, the ratio of actual to implied volatility decreased 36% to 71% for the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the same period last year.  Bid-offer spreads on U.S. exchange-traded options, as reported by the NASDAQ OMX PHLX market, were approximately 4% narrower during the third quarter of 2012 than during the corresponding period in 2011.  The impact of these negative factors was compounded by diminishing market participation by retail investors.  As a result, our trading gains, after removing the effects of currency translation, were approximately 50% lower than those of the year-ago quarter.
 
Included in trading gains are net dividends.  Dividend income and expense arise from holding market making positions over dates on which dividends are paid to shareholders of record.  When a stock pays a dividend, its market price is generally adjusted downward to reflect the value paid, which will not be received by those who purchase stock after the ex-dividend date.  Hence, the apparent gains and losses due to these price changes, reflecting the value of dividends paid to shareholders, must be taken together with the dividends paid and received, respectively, to accurately reflect the results of our market making operations.
 
Commissions and Execution Fees.  Commissions and execution fees for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased $30.1 million, or 23%, to $100.5 million, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The reduction in commissions was driven by decreases in total customer options, futures and stock volumes of 29%, 22% and 22%, respectively.  Commissions and execution fees reached a historical peak during the third quarter of 2011 as the U.S. debt downgrade and intensifying concerns over the European debt crisis resulted in high customer trading volume.  Total DARTs for cleared and execution-only customers for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased 21% to approximately 390,000, as compared to approximately 495,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  Average commission per DART for cleared customers, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, decreased by 1% to $4.23, as compared to $4.29 for the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  DARTs for cleared customers, i.e., customers for whom we execute trades as well as clear and carry positions, decreased 19% to approximately 369,000, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, as compared to approximately 457,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2011. The number of customer accounts grew by 11% to approximately 205,000 at September 30, 2012, as compared to approximately 184,000 at September 30, 2011.  Customer equity grew by 35%, to $31.50 billion, from the year-ago quarter-end.
 
Interest Income and Interest Expense.  Net interest income (interest income less interest expense) for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 increased $0.7 million, or 1%, to $51.2 million, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The increase in net interest income was driven by higher customer cash and margin balances and a reduction in interest paid on our senior notes, partially offset by lower net fees earned from securities borrowed and loaned transactions.

Interest paid on our senior notes decreased by $1.6 million compared to the year-ago quarter as we discontinued our senior notes program in June 2012.
 
Net interest income on customer balances increased $1.7 million compared to the year-ago quarter.  Average customer cash balances increased by 13%, to $19.78 billion, while average customer fully secured margin borrowings increased 9% to $8.88 billion, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, as compared to $17.54 billion and $8.15 billion, respectively, for the quarter ended September 30,
 
 
42

 
 
2011.  The average Fed Funds effective rate increased six basis points to 0.14% for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.
 
We earn fees on securities loaned and borrowed to support customer long and short stock holdings in margin accounts. In addition, our Stock Yield Enhancement Program provides an opportunity for customers with fully-paid stock to allow IB to lend it out.  In exchange for lending out their stock, our customers receive 50% of the stock loan fees.  IB places cash collateral securing the loans in the customer’s account.    In the market making segment, as a result of the way we have integrated our market making and securities lending systems, our trading income and our net interest income are interchangeable and depend on the mix of market making positions in our portfolio.  When implied interest rates in the equity and equity options and futures markets exceed the actual interest rates available to us, our market making systems tend to buy stock and sell it forward, which produces higher trading gains and lower net interest income.  When these rates are inverted, our market making systems tend to sell stock and buy it forward, which produces lower trading gains and higher net interest income.

Average securities borrowed decreased by 18%, to $2.82 billion and average securities loaned increased by 9%, to $1.89 billion, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012.  Net interest earned from securities borrowed and loaned is also affected by the level of demand for securities positions held by our market making companies and by our customers. During the quarter ended September 30, 2012, net fees earned by our brokerage and market making segments from securities borrowed and loaned transactions decreased $2.7 million compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.

Other Income.  Other income, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, increased $6.5 million, or 61%, to $17.2 million, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The increase was due to a decrease in mark-to-market losses on non-market making securities as well as higher revenue from minimum activity fees on customer accounts.

Non-Interest Expenses
 
Non-interest expenses, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, decreased by $21.8 million, or 13%, to $146.0 million from $167.8 million, during the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease was primarily due to lower execution and clearing fees and general and administrative expenses, partially offset by higher employee compensation and benefits expenses.  As a percentage of total net revenues, non-interest expenses increased to 46% for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 from 44% during the corresponding period in 2011.
 
Execution and Clearing.  Execution and clearing expenses for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, decreased $20.4 million, or 25%, to $61.7 million, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease resulted from lower stock, options and futures volumes of 25%, 33% and 25%, respectively, during the quarter ended September 30, 2012.  As noted above, during the same period last year we observed a surge in customer trading volumes, driven by concerns over the U.S. debt downgrade and the European debt crisis.
 
 Employee Compensation and Benefits.  Employee compensation and benefits expenses, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, increased by $1.5 million, or 3%, to $57.7 million, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The increase in employee compensation and benefits expense was partially a result of a special discretionary stock grant of restricted stock units awarded on January 6, 2012, as well as a correction to our method for recognizing expenses related to SIP, which increased SIP-related expenses by $3.5 million compared to the year-ago quarter.  The special stock award was made to provide our employees with greater equity participation in the Company and was designed to give lower compensated employees proportionally higher awards.  The corrected accounting treatment accelerates the recognition of SIP-related compensation expense to earlier years and decreases expense recognition in subsequent years, although total expense over the life cycle of the SIP grants is unchanged.1  The average number of employees increased 4% to 888 for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, as compared to 850 for the corresponding period in 2011.  As we continue to grow, our focus on automation has allowed us to maintain a relatively small staff.  As a percentage of total net revenues, employee compensation and benefits expenses were 18% and 15%, for the quarters ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

General and Administrative.  General and administrative expenses, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, decreased $3.2 million, or 22% to $11.6 million, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a reduction in bad debt expense.
 
 

The corrected accounting method is explained in Note 21 to our audited consolidated financial statements in our Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for 2011, filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012.

 
43

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011

Net Revenues
 
Total net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased $167.0 million or 16%, to $883.4 million from $1,050.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease in net revenues was primarily due to decreases in trading gains and commissions and execution fees, partially offset by an increase in net interest income compared to the year-ago period.  The decrease in trading gains was a result of a more challenging market making environment, which featured lower volatility and exchange traded volumes than that of the year-ago period.  Additionally, trading gains were impacted by a $25.3 million unfavorable swing in currency translation.  Commissions and execution fees declined due to lower customer stock, options and futures volume.  As noted above, the third quarter of 2011, with its high volatility and surge in trading volume, was a high point for a number of our profit drivers, and our comparatively lower results during the first nine months of this year are measured against that benchmark.  A reduction in interest paid on our senior notes and an increase in net interest from firm cash balances contributed to an increase in net interest income.  Trading volume is an important driver of revenues and costs for both our electronic brokerage segments and market making segments.  During the first nine months of 2012, options and futures contracts and stock shares executed by our subsidiaries decreased by 8%, 8% and 21%, respectively, which led to declines in variable costs.
 
Trading Gains.  Trading gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased $142.7 million, or 28%, to $372.0 million from $514.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  As market makers, we provide liquidity by buying from sellers and selling to buyers.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, our market making operations executed 45.9 million trades, a decrease of 5% as compared to the number of trades executed in the year-ago period.  Trading gains were also driven lower by an unfavorable swing in currency translation, which contributed 18% of the decrease, reflecting a $0.5 million loss in the first nine months of 2012 as compared to a $24.8 million gain in same period of 2011.  As part of managing our overall exposure to foreign currency fluctuations, we maintain our capital in a basket of currencies we call the GLOBAL.  A discussion of our approach to managing foreign currency exposure is contained in Part I, Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”
 
Trading gains were negatively impacted by an 18% decrease in average volatility, as measured by the VIX, which decreased to 18, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the year-ago period.  The ratio of actual to implied volatility decreased from 84% to 67% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively.  In addition, diminishing market participation by retail investors made the trading environment more difficult than that of the prior year.  Acting to offset these factors, bid/offer spreads on U.S. exchange-traded options, as reported by the NASDAQ OMX PHLX market, were approximately 10% wider during the first nine months of 2012 than during the corresponding period in 2011.  As a result, our trading gains, after removing the effects of currency translation, decreased by 24% from the year-ago period.
 
Included in trading gains are net dividends.  Dividend income and expense arise from holding market making positions over dates on which dividends are paid to shareholders of record.  When a stock pays a dividend, its market price is generally adjusted downward to reflect the value paid, which will not be received by those who purchase stock after the ex-dividend date.  Hence, the apparent gains and losses due to these price changes, reflecting the value of dividends paid to shareholders, must be taken together with the dividends paid and received, respectively, to accurately reflect the results of our market making operations.
 
Commissions and Execution Fees.  Commissions and execution fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased $36.8 million, or 11%, to $309.5 million, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease was driven by lower customer volume on a 6% decrease in the number of total DARTs.  Customer volume in options and futures contracts and stock shares decreased by 16%, 6% and 21%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from the corresponding period in 2011.  The sharp decease in stock volume relative to the number of stock orders indicates smaller average trade size, which is consistent with our implementation during the second quarter of 2011 of higher risk margin requirements for low value securities, mostly on non-U.S. exchanges.  While this may have somewhat curtailed stock commissions, we believe this to be a prudent risk management measure.    Total DARTs for cleared and execution-only customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased 6% to approximately 415,000, as compared to approximately 443,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  Average commission per DART for cleared customers, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, decreased by 4% to $4.14, as compared to $4.33 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  DARTs for cleared customers, i.e., customers for whom we execute trades as well as clear and carry positions, decreased 5% to approximately 386,000, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, as compared to approximately 408,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011. The number of customer accounts grew by 11% to approximately 205,000 at September 30, 2012, as compared to approximately 184,000 at September 30, 2011.
 
Interest Income and Interest Expense.  Net interest income (interest income less interest expense) for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 increased $4.8 million, or 3%, to $151.1 million, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The increase in net interest income was driven by a reduction in interest paid on our senior notes and an increase in interest earned on firm cash balances offset by a decrease in interest earned on customer cash and margin balances.

 
44

 
Interest paid on our senior notes decreased by $5.9 million compared to the year-ago period as we discontinued our senior notes program in June 2012.
 
Net interest earned on customer cash and margin balances decreased $1.7 million compared to the year-ago period.  Average customer cash balances increased by 10%, to $19.12 billion, while average customer fully secured margin borrowings decreased 2% to $8.38 billion, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, as compared to $17.31 billion and $8.57 billion, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The average Fed Funds effective rate increased two basis points to 0.13% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.
 
We earn fees on securities loaned and borrowed to support customer long and short stock holdings in margin accounts. In addition, our Stock Yield Enhancement Program provides an opportunity for customers with fully-paid stock to allow IB to lend it out.  In exchange for lending out their stock, our customers receive 50% of the stock loan fees.  IB places cash collateral securing the loans in the customer’s account.  In the market making segment, as a result of the way we have integrated our market making and securities lending systems, our trading income and our net interest income are interchangeable and depend on the mix of market making positions in our portfolio.  When implied interest rates in the equity and equity options and futures markets exceed the actual interest rates available to us, our market making systems tend to buy stock and sell it forward, which produces higher trading gains and lower net interest income.  When these rates are inverted, our market making systems tend to sell stock and buy it forward, which produces lower trading gains and higher net interest income.

Average securities borrowed decreased by 14%, to $2.93 billion and average securities loaned increased by 8%, to $1.76 billion, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.  Net interest earned from securities borrowed and loaned is also affected by the level of demand for securities positions held by our market making companies and by our customers.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, net fees earned by our brokerage and market making segments from securities borrowed and loaned transactions increased $0.5 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

Other Income.  Other income, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, increased $7.7 million, or 18%, to $50.8 million, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The increase stemmed from equity investments, translation income and minimum activity fees.

Non-Interest Expenses
 
Non-interest expenses, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, decreased by $8.9 million, or 2%, to $452.6 million from $461.5 million, during the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease was primarily due to lower execution and clearing fees and lower general and administrative expenses, partially offset by higher employee compensation and benefits expenses.  As a percentage of total net revenues, non-interest expenses increased to 51% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from 44% during the corresponding period in 2011.
 
Execution and Clearing.  Execution and clearing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, decreased $21.9 million, or 10%, to $192.5 million, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease resulted from a decrease in options and futures contracts and stock shares volumes of 8%, 8% and 21%, respectively, compared to the year-ago period.
 
 Employee Compensation and Benefits.  Employee compensation and benefits expenses, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, increased by $19.0 million, or 12%, to $180.2 million, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The increase in employee compensation and benefits expense was largely a result of a special discretionary stock grant of restricted stock units awarded on January 6, 2012, as well as a correction in our method for recognizing expenses related to SIP, which increased SIP-related expenses by $13.6 million compared the year-ago period.  The special stock award was made to provide our employees with greater equity participation in the Company and was designed to give lower compensated employees proportionally higher awards.  The corrected accounting treatment accelerates the recognition of SIP-related compensation expense to earlier years and decreases expense recognition in subsequent years, although total expense over the life cycle of the SIP grants is unchanged.1  The average number of employees increased 4% to 884 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, as compared to 854 for the corresponding period in 2011.  As we continue to grow, our focus on automation has allowed us to maintain a relatively small staff.  As a percentage of total net revenues, employee compensation and benefits expenses were 20% and 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

General and Administrative.  General and administrative expenses, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, decreased $7.0 million, or 17% to $33.8 million, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a reduction in bad debt expense.

 

The corrected accounting method is explained in Note 21 to our audited consolidated financial statements in our Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for 2011, filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012.
 
 
 
45

 
Business Segments

The following table sets forth the net revenues and non-interest expenses and income before income taxes of our business segments:
 
   
Three Months
   
Nine Months
 
   
 Ended September 30,
   
 Ended September 30,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
   
(in millions)
                         
Electronic Brokerage
Net revenues
$167.6
   
$191.7
   
$498.3
   
$525.1
 
 
Non-interest expenses
86.8
   
86.2
   
243.9
   
240.5
 
                         
 
Income before income taxes
$80.8
   
$105.5
   
$254.4
   
$284.6
 
                         
 
Pre-tax profit margin
48
 
55
 
51
 
54
%
                         
Market Making
Net revenues
$154.1
   
$204.3
   
$387.8
   
$532.4
 
 
Non-interest expenses
63.9
   
75.8
   
207.6
   
210.0
 
                         
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
$90.2
   
$128.5
   
$180.2
   
$322.4
 
                         
 
Pre-tax profit margin
59
%  
63
 
46
 
61
%
                         
Corporate*
Net revenues
($3.1
 
($10.4
 
($2.7
 
($7.1
 
Non-interest expenses
(4.7
)  
5.8
   
1.1
     
11.0
 
                         
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
$1.6
   
($16.2
)  
($3.8
)  
($18.1
)
                         
                         
Total
Net revenues
$318.6
   
$385.6
   
$883.4
   
$1,050.4
 
 
Non-interest expenses
146.0
   
167.8
   
452.6
     
461.5
 
                         
 
Income before income taxes
$172.6
   
$217.8
     
$430.8
   
$588.9
 
                         
 
Pre-tax profit margin
54
%  
56
 
49
 
56
%
 
 

*  Corporate includes corporate related activities as well as inter-segment eliminations.

The following sections discuss results of our operations by business segment, excluding a discussion of corporate income and expense.  In the following tables, revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining income before income taxes.  Due to the integrated nature of the business segments, estimates and judgments have been made in allocating certain revenue and expense items.  Transactions between segments generally result from one subsidiary facilitating the business of another subsidiary through the use of its existing trading memberships and clearing arrangements.  In such cases, certain revenue and expense items are eliminated to accurately reflect the external business conducted in each segment.  Rates on transactions between segments are designed to approximate full costs.  In addition to execution and clearing expenses, which are the main cost driver for both the market making segment and the electronic brokerage segment, each segment’s operating expenses include (i) employee compensation and benefits expenses that are incurred directly in support of the businesses, (ii) general and administrative expenses, which include directly incurred expenses for property leases, professional fees, travel and entertainment, communications and information services, equipment, and (iii) indirect support costs (including compensation and other related operating expenses) for administrative services provided by LLC.  Such administrative services include, but are not limited to, computer software development and support, accounting, tax, legal and facilities management.

 
46

 

Electronic Brokerage
 

The following table sets forth the results of our electronic brokerage operations for the indicated periods:

 
       
Three Months
 
Nine Months
       
Ended September 30,
 
Ended September 30,
       
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
       
(in millions)
                     
Revenues:
             
 
Commissions and execution fees
$100.5
 
$130.6
 
$309.5
 
$346.3
 
Interest income
53.0
 
56.3
 
157.2
 
160.4
 
Other income
20.1
 
15.7
 
53.8
 
49.6
                     
   
Total revenues
173.6
 
202.6
 
520.5
 
556.3
                     
 
Interest expense
6.0
 
10.9
 
22.2
 
31.2
                     
   
Total net revenues
167.6
 
191.7
 
498.3
 
525.1
                     
Non-interest expenses:
             
 
Execution and clearing
35.0
 
43.4
 
101.3
 
115.2
 
Employee compensation and benefits
20.0
 
14.5
 
60.6
 
45.9
 
Occupancy, depreciation and amortization
3.0
 
3.2
 
9.3
 
9.4
 
Communications
2.4
 
3.8
 
6.7
 
9.2
 
General and administrative
26.4
 
21.3
 
66.0
 
60.8
                     
   
Total non-interest expenses
86.8
 
86.2
 
243.9
 
240.5
                     
Income before income taxes
$80.8
 
$105.5
 
$254.4
 
$284.6


Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011

Electronic brokerage total net revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased $24.1 million, or 13%, to $167.6 million, from $191.7 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2011, primarily due to a decrease in commissions and execution fees, which was partially offset by an increase in net interest income.  Commissions and execution fees decreased $30.1 million, or 23%, and net interest income increased $1.6 million, or 4%, for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the corresponding period in 2011.  The decrease in commissions and execution fees is directly attributable to decreased customer volume.  As noted above, during the same period last year we observed a surge in volumes driven by concerns over the U.S. debt downgrade and European debt crisis.  Volume in options and futures contracts decreased by 29% and 22%, respectively, and volume in stock shares decreased by 22% for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 from the corresponding period in 2011.  The increase in net interest income was attributable to an increase of $1.7 million in net interest from customer cash balances and margin loans.  Total DARTs from cleared and execution-only customers for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased 21% to approximately 390,000, as compared to approximately 495,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  DARTs from cleared customers for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased 19% to approximately 369,000, as compared to approximately 457,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  Total customer equity grew by 35% to $31.5 billion at September 30, 2012, from $23.3 billion at September 30, 2011.  The number of customer accounts grew by 11% from September 30, 2011 to approximately 205,000 at September 30, 2012.

Electronic brokerage non-interest expenses for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 increased $0.6 million, or 1%, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  Within non-interest expenses, execution and clearing expenses decreased by $8.4 million, driven by a decrease in customer trading volume in options, futures and stocks.  Employee compensation and benefits expenses increased by $5.5 million, or 38% during the quarter ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 2011.  The increase in employee compensation and benefits expense was largely a result of increased SIP expenses, as described above.  General and administrative expenses increased $5.1 million as administrative and consulting fees increased $6.9 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 2011.  As a percentage of total net revenues, non-interest expenses increased to 52% from 45% for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 2011.
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
Electronic brokerage total net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased $26.8 million, or 5%, to $498.3 million, from $525.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011, primarily due to a decrease in commissions and execution fees, which was partially offset by an increase in net interest income.  Commissions and execution fees decreased $36.8 million, or 11%, and net interest income increased $5.8 million, or 4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the corresponding period in 2011.  The decrease in commissions and execution fees is directly attributable to lower customer trading
 
 
47

 
volume.  Volume in options and futures contracts and stock shares decreased by 16%, 6% and 21%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from the corresponding period in 2011.  The increase in net interest income was attributable to an increase of $7.9 million on net fees and interest earned from securities borrowed and loaned transactions, partially offset by a decrease of $1.7 million in net interest from customer cash balances and margin loans.   Total DARTs from cleared and execution-only customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased 6% to approximately 415,000, as compared to approximately 443,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  DARTs from cleared customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased 5% to approximately 386,000, as compared to approximately 408,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  Total customer equity grew by 35% to $31.5 billion at September 30, 2012, from $23.3 billion at September 30, 2011.  The number of customer accounts grew by 11% from September 30, 2011 to approximately 205,000 at September 30, 2012.
 
Electronic brokerage non-interest expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 increased $3.4 million, or 1%, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  Within non-interest expenses, execution and clearing expenses decreased by $13.9 million, driven by a decrease in customer trading volume.  Employee compensation and benefits expenses increased by $14.7 million, or 32% during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 2011.  The increase in employee compensation and benefits expense was largely a result of increased SIP expenses, as described above.  General and administrative expenses increased $5.2 million as administrative and consulting fees increased $9.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 2011.  This was partially offset by a $3.6 million decrease in bad debt expense compared to the year-ago period.  As a percentage of total net revenues, non-interest expenses increased to 49% from 46% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 2011.

 
48

 
Market Making


The following table sets forth the results of our market making operations for the indicated periods:

       
Three Months
   
Nine Months
       
Ended September 30,
   
Ended September 30,
       
2012
 
2011
   
2012
 
2011
       
(in millions)
Revenues:
               
 
Trading gains
$149.7
 
$198.1
   
$372.0
 
$518.4
 
Interest income
12.5
 
18.7
   
43.9
 
49.3
 
Other income
0.4
 
(0.2
)  
0.8
 
0.1
                       
   
Total revenues
162.6
 
216.6
   
416.7
 
567.8
                       
 
Interest expense
8.5
 
12.3
   
28.9
 
35.4
                       
   
Total net revenues
154.1
 
204.3
   
387.8
 
532.4
                       
Non-interest expenses:
               
 
Execution and clearing
27.7
 
39.0
   
93.4
 
100.2
 
Employee compensation and benefits
13.7
 
15.7
   
50.7
 
47.2
 
Occupancy, depreciation and amortization
1.6
 
1.8
   
5.5
 
6.9
 
Communications
2.6
 
2.2
   
7.5
 
7.5
 
General and administrative
18.3
 
17.1
   
50.5
 
48.2
                       
   
Total non-interest expenses
63.9
 
75.8
   
207.6
 
210.0
                       
Income before income taxes
$90.2
 
$128.5
   
$180.2
 
$322.4

Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
Market making total net revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased $50.2 million, or 25%, to $154.1 million, from $204.3 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  Trading gains for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased $48.4 million, or 24% from the year-ago quarter.  As part of managing our overall exposure to foreign currency fluctuations, we maintain our capital in proportion to a basket of currencies we call the GLOBAL.  The decrease in trading gains was offset by a currency translation gain of $64.2 compared to the prior-year quarter, reflecting a $41.5 million gain in the third quarter of 2012 as compared to a $22.7 million loss in the corresponding period in 2011.  A discussion of our approach to managing foreign currency exposure is contained in Part I, Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”
 
Trading gains were negatively impacted by a 47% decrease in average volatility, as measured by the VIX, which decreased to 16, for the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the year-ago quarter as well as a 36% decrease in the ratio of actual to implied volatility to 71% for the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the same period last year.  Bid-offer spreads on U.S. exchange-traded options, as reported by the NASDAQ OMX PHLX market, were approximately 4% narrower in the third quarter of 2012 than in the corresponding period in 2011.  These negative factors, combined with diminished market participation by retail investors, made the trading environment more challenging than that of the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  As a result, our trading gains, after removing the effects of currency translation, were 51% lower than those of the year-ago quarter.
 
Market making options and futures contracts and stock shares volumes decreased 36%, 38% and 40%, respectively, in the quarter ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the corresponding period in 2011.  As noted above, during the same period last year we observed a surge in volumes driven by concerns over the U.S. debt downgrade and European debt crisis.
 
Net interest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased by $2.4 million to $4.0 million.  The decrease was driven by a decrease in net fees earned from securities borrowed and loaned transactions.  As described above, our trading gains and our net interest income are interchangeable and depend on the mix of market making positions in our portfolio and on relative interest rates in the stock and options markets.  In the quarter ended September 30, 2012, these factors, together with securities lending activity, produced less net interest income than in the third quarter of 2011.
 
Market making non-interest expenses for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 decreased $11.9 million, or 16%, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease primarily resulted from an $11.3 million decrease in execution and clearing fees and a $2.0 million decrease in employee compensation and benefits during the quarter ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 2011.  The decrease in execution and clearing fees was primarily due to lower options, futures and stock volumes.  The decrease in employee compensation and benefits expense reflects an increase in expenses billed to the electronic brokerage segment, partially offset by an
 
 
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increase in SIP expense.  As a percentage of total net revenues, market making non-interest expenses increased to 41% from 37% for the quarters ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
Market making total net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased $144.6 million, or 27%, to $387.8 million, from $532.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  Trading gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased $146.4 million, or 28% as compared to the year-ago quarter.  As part of managing our overall exposure to foreign currency fluctuations, we maintain our capital in proportion to a basket of currencies we call the GLOBAL.  The decrease in trading gains was in part due to an unfavorable swing in currency translation, which contributed 17% of the decrease, reflecting a $0.5 million loss in the first nine months of 2012 as compared to a $24.8 million gain in the corresponding period in 2011.  A discussion of our approach to managing foreign currency exposure is contained in Part I, Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”
 
Trading gains were negatively impacted by an 18% decrease in average volatility, as measured by the VIX, which decreased to 18, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the year-ago period.  In addition, the ratio of actual to implied volatility decreased from 84% to 67% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively.  Acting to offset these factors, bid/offer spreads on U.S. exchange-traded options, as reported by the NASDAQ OMX PHLX market, were approximately 10% wider in the first nine months of 2012 than in the corresponding period in 2011. Diminished market participation by retail investors, combined with these factors, resulted in a more difficult trading environment than that of the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  As a result, after removing the effects of currency translation, our trading gains decreased by 25% from the year-ago period.
 
Market making options contracts volume decreased 3% while futures contracts and stock shares volume decreased 20% and 23%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the corresponding period in 2011.  The decrease in  options volume was curtailed by our decision to tighten our bid/offer spreads, which may have increased volume while reducing per contract gains.  The decrease in stock volume in part reflects our actions over the past year to selectively pare down trading in less profitable products.
 
Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 increased by $1.1 million to $15.0 million.  The increase was driven by an increase in interest income earned on firm cash balances.  As described above, our trading gains and our net interest income are interchangeable and depend on the mix of market making positions in our portfolio and on relative interest rates in the stock and options markets.  In the nine months ended September 30, 2012, these factors, together with securities lending activity, produced more net interest income than in the first nine months of 2011.
 
Market making non-interest expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 decreased $2.4 million, or 1%, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease primarily resulted from a $6.8 million decrease in execution and clearing fees, offset by a $3.5 million increase in employee compensation and benefits during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 2011.  The decrease in execution and clearing fees was primarily due to a decrease in options, futures and stock volume.  The increase in employee compensation and benefits expense was primarily due to an increase in SIP expenses, as described above.  As a percentage of total net revenues, market making non-interest expenses increased to 54% from 39% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
We maintain a highly liquid balance sheet.  The majority of our assets consist of exchange-listed marketable securities, which are marked-to-market daily, cash and securities segregated for customers, and collateralized receivables arising from customer-related and proprietary securities transactions.  Collateralized receivables consist primarily of securities borrowed, and, to a lesser extent, customer margin loans, receivables from clearing houses for settlement of securities transactions and securities purchased under agreements to resell.  At September 30, 2012, total assets were $33.86 billion of which approximately $33.43 billion, or 98.7%, were considered liquid and consisted predominantly of marketable securities, customers’ cash and collateralized receivables.

We undertake daily monitoring of liquidity needs and available collateral levels to help ensure that we maintain an appropriate liquidity cushion, in the form of unpledged collateral at all times.  Our ability to quickly reduce funding needs by balance sheet contraction without adversely affecting our core businesses and to pledge additional collateral in support of secured borrowings is continuously evaluated to ascertain the adequacy of our capital base.

We actively manage our excess liquidity and we maintain significant borrowing facilities through the securities lending markets and with banks.  As a general practice, we continue to maintain sufficient levels of cash on hand to provide us with a buffer should we need immediately available funds for any reason.

For purposes of providing additional liquidity and further increasing our regulatory capital reserves, we maintain a committed senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of banks and we previously issued senior notes (see “Principal Indebtedness”
 
 
50

 
below).  As of September 30, 2012, we had no borrowings under these facilities.  Liability balances in connection with our payables to customers and securities loaned as of September 30, 2012 were higher than their respective average balances during the previous nine months.

Based on our current level of operations, we believe our cash flows from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for more than the next twelve months.

Cash and cash equivalents held by the Company’s non-U.S. operating companies at September 30, 2012 were $694 million ($683 million at December 31, 2011). These funds are primarily intended to finance each individual Operating Company’s local operations, and thus would not be available to fund U.S. domestic operations unless repatriated through payment of dividends to LLC.  It is not currently the Company’s intention to repatriate further amounts from non-U.S. operating companies.  In the event dividends were to be paid to the Company in the future by a non-U.S. operating company, as occurred in connection with the special dividend in December 2010, the Company would be required to accrue and pay income taxes on such dividends to the extent that U.S. income taxes had not been paid previously on the income of the paying company.
 
Historically, LLC’s consolidated equity has consisted primarily of accumulated retained earnings, which to date have been sufficient to fund our operations and growth.  LLC’s consolidated equity increased 12% to $5.13 billion at September 30, 2012 from $4.60 billion at September 30, 2011 as a result of twelve months of comprehensive earnings, partially offset by dividends paid during the last four quarters.

Cash Flows
 
The following table sets forth our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the periods indicated:
 
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
   
2012
     
2011
 
   
(in millions)
 
Cash provided by operating activities
$
                211.7
    $
               674.4
 
Cash used in investing activities
 
                  (46.4
   
                (105.9
Cash used in financing activities
 
                (210.7
   
                (340.4
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 
                      9.4
     
                  (26.6
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
$
                (36.0
  $
              201.5
 

 
Our cash flows from operating activities are largely a reflection of the size and composition of trading positions held by our market making subsidiaries and of the changes in customer cash and margin debit balances in our electronic brokerage business.  Our cash flows from investing activities are primarily related to capitalized internal software development, purchases and sales of memberships at exchanges where we trade and strategic investments in exchanges where such investments will enable us to offer better execution alternatives to our current and prospective customers, or create new opportunities for ourselves as market makers or where we can influence exchanges to provide competing products at better prices using sophisticated technology.  Our cash flows from financing activities are comprised of short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings and capital transactions.  Short-term borrowings from banks are part of our daily cash management in support of operating activities.  Other borrowings provide us with flexible sources of excess liquidity and regulatory capital, including a committed three-year $100.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of banks.  Capital transactions consist primarily of quarterly cash dividends paid to common stockholders, which commenced during the second quarter of 2011 and cash distributions paid to Holdings.

Nine months Ended September 30, 2012:   Our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $36.0 million to $1,659.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.  We raised $211.7 million in net cash in operating activities.  We used net cash of $257.1 million in our investing and financing activities primarily due to a decrease in senior notes outstanding and dividends paid to Holdings and to common stockholders.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011:   Our cash and cash equivalents increased by $201.5 million to $1,555.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011. We raised $674.4 million from net cash in operating activities.  We used net cash of $446.3 million in our investing and financing activities primarily due to a decrease in short-term borrowings, the repayment of borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and dividends paid to IBG Holdings LLC and to common stockholders.

Regulatory Capital Requirements

Our principal operating subsidiaries are subject to separate regulation and capital requirements in the United States and other jurisdictions.  Timber Hill LLC and Interactive Brokers LLC are registered U.S. broker-dealers and futures commission merchants, and their primary regulators include the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the National Futures Association.  Timber Hill Europe 
 
 
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AG is registered to do business in Switzerland as a securities dealer and is regulated by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority.  Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited is subject to regulation by the U.K. Financial Services Authority.  Our various other operating subsidiaries are similarly regulated.

At September 30, 2012, aggregate excess regulatory capital for all of the Operating Companies was $2.9 billion.  The following table summarizes capital, capital requirements and excess regulatory capital (millions):


  Net Capital/ Eligible Equity   Requirement   Excess
IB LLC
$
                1,585
  $
               214
  $
            1,371
TH LLC
 
                     636
   
                   43
   
                 593
THE
 
                     597
   
                 198
   
                 399
Other regulated Operating Companies
 
                     509
   
                   22
   
                 487
  $
                3,327
  $
               477
  $
            2,850
 
 
At September 30, 2012, all of the Operating Companies were in compliance with their respective regulatory capital requirements.
 
For additional information regarding our net capital requirements see note 14 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I , Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
Principal Indebtedness

LLC is the borrower under a $100.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which had no balance outstanding as of September 30, 2012.

Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility

On May 17, 2012, LLC entered into a $100 million three-year senior secured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks.  This credit facility replaced a similar two-year facility that expired on May 17, 2012.  LLC is the sole borrower under this credit facility.  The facility’s interest rate is indexed to the  British Bankers Association LIBOR rate or the overnight federal funds rate for the relevant term, at the borrower’s option, and is secured by a first priority interest in all of the capital stock of each entity owned directly by LLC (subject to customary limitations with respect to foreign subsidiaries).  The facility may be used to finance working capital needs and general corporate purposes, including downstreaming funds to LLC’s regulated broker-dealer subsidiaries as regulatory capital.  This allows LLC to take advantage of market opportunities when they arise, while maintaining substantial excess regulatory capital.  The financial covenants contained in this credit facility are as follows:

 
·
minimum consolidated shareholders’ equity, as defined, of $3.6 billion, with quarterly increases equal to 25% of positive consolidated income;
 
 
·
maximum total debt to capitalization ratio of 30%;
 
 
·
minimum liquidity ratio of 1.0 to 1.0; and
 
 
·
maximum total debt to net regulatory capital ratio of 35%.

At September 30, 2012, LLC was in compliance with all of the covenants of this credit facility.  At maturity, subject to meeting certain terms of the facility, the Company will have an option to convert the facility to a one-year term loan.

Senior Notes

Prior to January 2012, LLC periodically issued senior notes in private placements to certain qualified customers of IB LLC.  LLC used the proceeds from sales of the senior notes to provide capital to LLC’s broker-dealer subsidiaries in the form of subordinated loans and for other general purposes.  Based on a review of its available liquidity resources, which resulted in a determination of a strong liquidity position, in January 2012, the Company decided to discontinue the Senior Notes Program.  It is the Company’s intention that no new Senior Notes will be issued.
 
There were no senior notes outstanding at September 30, 2012 and senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2011 were $101.4 million, all being 3% notes.  During the period from January 1 through September 30, 2012, no senior notes were issued, and $101.4 million senior notes were redeemed.

 
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Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures are comprised of compensation costs of our software engineering staff for development of software for internal use and expenditures for computer, networking and communications hardware.  These expenditure items are reported as property and equipment.  Capital expenditures for property and equipment were approximately $14.0 million and $9.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  We anticipate that our 2012 gross capital expenditures will be level to prior years, including ongoing costs related to the expanding and upgrading our data centers and backup facilities.  We expect our future capital expenditures to rise as we continue our focus on technology infrastructure initiatives to further enhance our competitive position.  We anticipate that we will fund capital expenditures with cash from operations and cash on hand.  In response to changing economic conditions, we believe we have the flexibility to modify our capital expenditures by adjusting them (either upward or downward) to match our actual performance.  If we pursue any strategic acquisitions, we may incur additional capital expenditures.

Seasonality

Our businesses are subject to seasonal fluctuations, reflecting varying numbers of market participants at times during the year and varying numbers of trading days from quarter-to-quarter, including declines in trading activity due to holidays.  Typical seasonal trends may be superseded by market or world events, which can have a significant impact on prices and trading volume.

Inflation

Although we cannot accurately anticipate the effect of inflation on our operations, we believe that inflation has not had for the three most recent years, and is not likely in the foreseeable future to have, a material impact on our results of operations.

Strategic Investments and Acquisitions

We periodically engage in evaluations of potential strategic investments and acquisitions.  The Company holds strategic investments in electronic trading exchanges including: Boston Options Exchange, LLC; OneChicago LLC and CBOE Stock Exchange, LLC.  The Company has also made investments in Quadriserv Inc., an electronic securities lending platform provider and Factor Advisors, LLC, an Exchange Traded Funds (“ETF”) issuer.
 
We intend to continue making acquisitions on an opportunistic basis, generally only when the acquisition candidate will, in our opinion, enable us to acquire either technology or customers faster than we could develop them on our own.  At September 30, 2012, there were no definitive agreements with respect to any material acquisition.

Certain Information Concerning Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

IBG, Inc. may be exposed to a risk of loss not reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for futures products, which represent obligations of the Company to settle at contracted prices, which may require repurchase or sale in the market at prevailing prices.  Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance sheet risk as IBG, Inc.’s cost to liquidate such futures contracts may exceed the amounts reported in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

Critical Accounting Policies

Valuation of Financial Instruments

Due to the nature of our operations, substantially all of our financial instrument assets, comprised of securities owned, securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities borrowed and receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are carried at fair value based on published market prices and are marked to market daily, or are assets which are short-term in nature (such as U. S. government treasury bills or spot foreign exchange) and are reflected at amounts approximating fair value.  Similarly, all of our financial instrument liabilities that arise from securities sold but not yet purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are short-term in nature and are reported at quoted market prices or at amounts approximating fair value.  Our long and short positions are valued at either the last consolidated trade price or the last consolidated bid/offer mid-point (where applicable) at the close of regular trading hours, in their respective markets.  Given that we manage a globally integrated market making portfolio, we have large and substantially offsetting positions in securities and commodities that trade on different exchanges that close at different times of the trading day.  As a result, there may be large and anomalous swings in the value of our positions daily and, accordingly, in our earnings in any period.  This is especially true on the last business day of each calendar quarter, although such swings tend to come back into equilibrium on the first business day of the succeeding calendar quarter.

Principles of Consolidation, including Noncontrolling Interests
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of IBG, Inc. and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries.  As sole managing member of LLC, IBG, Inc. exerts control over the Group’s operations.  In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation,
 
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the Company consolidates the Group’s consolidated financial statements and records as noncontrolling interest the interests in the Group that IBG, Inc. does not own.
 
        We are the sole managing member of LLC and, as such, operate and control all of the business and affairs of LLC and its subsidiaries and consolidate LLC’s financial results into our financial statements.  We hold approximately 11.9% ownership interest in LLC.  Holdings is owned by the original members of LLC and holds approximately 88.1% ownership interest in LLC.  Our share of LLC’s net income, excluding Holdings’ noncontrolling interest, is approximately 11.9% and similarly, outstanding shares of our common stock represent approximately 11.9% of the outstanding membership interests of LLC.
 
Prior to the June 6, 2012 amendment to the Exchange Agreement (Note 4), the Company was required to report Holdings’ ownership as redeemable noncontrolling interests (i.e., temporary equity) pursuant to ASC 810-10-45, ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 480-10-S99-3A (formerly FASB Emerging Issues Task Force Topic D-98), outside of total equity (see Note 17) in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.  Redemption value of these redeemable noncontrolling interests is measured as the number of equivalent shares of member interests in LLC owned by Holdings multiplied by the then current market price per share of the Company’s common stock.  The excess of the redemption value over the book value of these interests, which does not affect net income attributable to common stockholders or cash flows, is required to be accounted for as a reduction of the Company’s stockholders’ equity in the consolidated statement of financial condition.
 
The Company has elected to recognize changes in redemption value in each reporting period immediately as they occur as if the end of each reporting period was also the redemption date for the entire redeemable noncontrolling interest under paragraph 15(b) of ASC 480-10-S99-3A, notwithstanding that the redeemable noncontrolling interests are redeemable over a period of time pursuant to a redemption schedule (Note 4).
 
For periods after the Amendment, the noncontrolling interests in LLC attributable to Holdings will be reported as a component of permanent equity.

Earnings per share
 
The Company has determined to reflect Topic D-98 measurement adjustments for non-fair value redemption rights through application of the two-class method of calculating earnings per share in lieu of recognizing the impact through the determination of net income attributable to common shareholders.  Furthermore, in accordance with footnote 17 of ASC 480-10-S99-3A, the Company has elected to treat only the portion of the periodic measurement adjustments that reflect a redemption in excess of fair value as being akin to a dividend, reducing net income attributable to common stockholders for purposes of applying the two-class method.  Decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests through Topic D-98 measurement adjustments are reflected in the application of the two-class method only to the extent they represent recoveries of amounts previously accounted for by applying the two-class method.

Stock-Based Compensation
 
IBG, Inc. follows ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, to account for its stock-based compensation plans. ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees to be recognized in the financial statements using a fair value-based method. As a result, IBG, Inc. expenses the fair value of awards granted to employees, generally 50% in the year of grant in recognition of plan forfeiture provisions (described below) and the remaining 50% over the related vesting period utilizing the “graded vesting” method permitted under ASC 718-10.  In the case of “retirement eligible” employees (those employees older than 59), 100% of awards are expensed when granted.
 
Awards granted under the ROI Unit Stock Plan and the Stock Incentive Plan are subject to forfeiture in the event an employee ceases employment with the Company. The plans provide that employees who discontinue employment with the Company without cause and continue to meet the terms of the plans’ post-employment provisions will forfeit 50% of unvested previously granted awards unless the employee is over the age of 59, in which case the employee would be eligible to receive 100% of unvested awards previously granted.

Contingencies

Our policy is to estimate and accrue for potential losses that may arise out of litigation and regulatory proceedings, to the extent that such losses are probable and can be estimated, in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies.  Potential losses that might arise out of tax audits, to the extent that such losses are “more likely than not,” would be estimated and accrued in accordance with ASC 740-10.  Significant judgment is required in making these estimates and our final liabilities may ultimately be materially different.  Our total liability accrued with respect to litigation and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case basis and represents an estimate of probable losses based on, among other factors, the progress of each case, our experience with and industry experience with similar cases and the opinions and views of internal and external legal counsel.  Given the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of our litigation and regulatory matters, particularly in cases or proceedings in which substantial or indeterminate damages or fines are sought, or where
 
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cases or proceedings are in the early stages, we cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for cases or proceedings where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred.

We have been from time to time subject to certain pending and legal actions which arise out of the normal course of business.  Litigation is inherently unpredictable, particularly in proceedings where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages, or which are in their early stages.  We cannot predict with certainty the actual loss or range of loss related to such legal proceedings, the manner in which they will be resolved, the timing of final resolution or the ultimate settlement.  Consequently, we cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses related to such legal matters, even in instances where it is reasonably possible that a future loss will be incurred.  As of September 30, 2012, we, along with certain of our subsidiaries, have been named parties to legal actions, which we and/or such subsidiaries intend to defend vigorously.  Although the results of legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management that the resolution of these actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect, if any, on our business or financial condition, but may have a material impact on the results of operations for a given period.  As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, reserves provided for potential losses related to litigation matters were not material.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information.  Therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.  Such estimates include the estimated fair values of IBG LLC and the Company in connection with accounting for redeemable noncontrolling interests, value of investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, including capitalized internally developed software, the allowance for doubtful accounts, compensation accruals, current and deferred taxes and estimated contingency reserves.
 
Income Taxes
 
IBG, Inc. accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes.  The Company’s income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated future taxes to be paid. We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions.  Determining income tax expense requires significant judgments and estimates.
 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of the underlying assets and liabilities.  In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations.  In projecting future taxable income, we begin with historical results adjusted for the results of discontinued operations and changes in accounting policies and incorporate assumptions including the amount of future state, federal and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax-planning strategies.  These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses.  In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three years of cumulative operating income (loss).
 
The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across our global operations.  Changes in tax laws and rates could also affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future.  Management is not aware of any such changes that would have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, or financial position.
 
ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, on the basis of the technical merits. ASC 740 also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.
 
The Company records tax liabilities in accordance with ASC 740 and adjusts these liabilities when management’s judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available.  Because of the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities.  These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which new information is available.
 
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

        Subsequent to the adoption of the ASC, the FASB will issue Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) as the means to add to or delete from, or otherwise amend the ASC.  In 2012, prior to the issuance of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, ASUs 2012-01 through 2012-07 have been issued.  Following is a summary of recently issued ASUs that have affected or may affect the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements:



 
Affects
Status
     
ASU 2011-03
Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements
Fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early application is not permitted.
     
ASU 2011-04
Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS
To be applied prospectively for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early adoption is not permitted for public entities.
     
ASU 2011-08
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment
Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early adoption is permitted.
     
ASU 2011-11
Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.  Retrospective disclosures for comparative periods presented will be required.
     
ASU 2012-02
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment
Effective for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012.  Early adoption is permitted.
     
ASU 2012-03
Technical Amendments and Corrections to SEC Sections - Amendments to SEC section of ASC pursuant to SEC Staff Bulletin 114, Technical Amendments Pursuant to SEC Release No. 33-9520 and Corrections Relating to Accounting Standards Update 2010-22.
Effective upon issuance in August 2012, adopted for the quarter ended September 30, 2012.
     
ASU 2012-04
Technical Corrections and Improvements - Amendments to the ASC correcting for differences between source literature and the ASC, guidance clarification and reference corrections and relocation of guidance to more appropriate locations within the ASC, and Conforming Amendments Related to Fair Value (Topic 820).
Effective upon issuance in October 2012 or, in the case of amendments subject to transitional guidance, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012.
 
 
Adoption of those ASUs that became effective during 2012, prior to the issuance of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, did not have a material effect on those financial statements.  Management is assessing the potential impact on the Company’s financial statements of adopting ASUs that will become effective during the remainder of fiscal 2012, and in the future.

ASC/IFRS Convergence

In February 2010, the SEC issued Commission Statement in Support of Convergence and Global Accounting Standards, a formal statement updating the status of its November 2008 Roadmap for the Potential Use of Financial Statements Prepared in
 
 
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Accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards by U.S. Issuers (“IFRS Roadmap”).  The statement supported convergence of accounting standards and the development of a single set of global accounting standards.  As directed in this statement, the SEC staff issued Work Plan for the Consideration of Incorporating International Financial Reporting Standards into the Financial Reporting System for U.S. Issuers (the “Work Plan”) in May 2010, and issued a follow-up Staff Paper, subtitled Exploring a Possible Method of Incorporation in May 2011.  The Work Plan outlines the steps to be taken to provide the SEC with information to be able to conclude whether IFRS should be adopted for U.S. registrants and the Staff Paper discusses alternative approaches (“Convergence” and “Endorsement”) to adoption that could be applied.  Within the Staff Paper, the SEC Staff has issued a Request for Comment on these alternatives.  The Comment period ended July 31, 2011 and the SEC Staff issued two Staff Papers, A Comparison of U.S. GAAP and IFRS and Analysis of IFRS in Practice on November 16, 2011.

In June 2012 the FASB and IASB issued a joint statement on their continuing deliberations regarding changes to lease accounting.  When issued, new lease accounting standards under the ASC and IFRS will require the reporting of lease assets and related liabilities on issuers’ statements of financial condition under a mutually agreed upon two-method approach.  Exposure Drafts detailing applicability and implementation considerations are expected to be issued during the second half of 2012, and final standards are expected to be issued in 2013.  Management will be assessing the potential effects of this change in lease accounting as the standard setting process moves forward.  Based on the scope of existing lease commitments (approximately 0.1% of total assets as of December 31, 2011 – see Note 16 to the audited financial statements contained in the Company’s 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K/A), the effect on the Company’s financial statements is not expected to be material.

On July 13, 2012, the SEC’s Office of the Chief Accountant issued its Final Staff Report on the Work Plan.  This report considered possible means of aligning IFRS with U.S. GAAP, and raised numerous concerns about the possible effects of adoption on registrants and investors.  The Staff Report did not reject some form of convergence between U.S. GAAP and IFRS, but also did not endorse adoption and did not commit to the extent or timing of adoption.  While a formal commitment regarding possible incorporation of IFRS into U.S. GAAP has not been determined, based on continuing joint efforts between the FASB and IASB, it is likely that convergence to some extent will occur in the future.  The Company applies versions of IFRS for the stand alone financial statements of several of the Operating Companies, where required, and continues to assess the potential impact of adopting IFRS on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SEC Derivatives Regulation Roadmap

In June 2012, the SEC issued for comment a policy statement on its proposed plan that would sequence the phasing in of final rules to be adopted by the Commission regulating security-based swaps in order to comply with the requirements of the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank” Act).  The policy statement provides a proposed “roadmap” for adoption of final rules, but does not mandate specific registrant compliance deadlines.  Management is monitoring this and other accounting and regulatory rulemaking developments for their potential effect on the Company’s financial statements and internal controls over financial reporting.


ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to various market risks.  Our exposures to market risks arise from assumptions built into our pricing models, equity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations related to our international operations, changes in interest rates which impact our variable-rate debt obligations, and risks relating to the extension of margin credit to our customers.

Pricing Model Exposure

Our strategy as a market maker is to calculate quotes a few seconds ahead of the market and execute small trades at tiny but favorable differentials as a result.  Our proprietary pricing model continuously evaluates and monitors the risks inherent in our portfolio, assimilates market data and reevaluates the outstanding quotes in our entire portfolio each second.  Certain aspects of the model rely on historical prices of securities.  If the behavior of price movements of individual securities diverges substantially from what their historical behavior would predict, we might incur trading losses.  We attempt to limit such risks by diversifying our portfolio across many different options, futures and underlying securities and avoiding concentrations of positions based on the same underlying security.  Historically, our losses from these events have been immaterial in comparison to our annual trading profits.

Foreign Currency Exposure

As a result of our international market making activities and accumulated earnings in our foreign subsidiaries, our income and net worth is exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.  Our European operations and some of our Asian operations are conducted by our Swiss subsidiary, THE.  THE is regulated by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority as a securities dealer and its financial statements are presented in Swiss francs.  Accordingly, THE is exposed to certain foreign exchange risks as described below:

 
57

 
 
·
THE buys and sells futures contracts and securities denominated in various currencies and carries bank balances and borrows and lends such currencies in its regular course of business.  At the end of each accounting period THE’s assets and liabilities are translated into Swiss francs for presentation in its financial statements.  The resulting gains or losses are reported as translation gain or loss in THE’s income statement.  When we prepare our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, THE’s Swiss franc balances are translated into U.S. dollars for U.S. GAAP purposes.  THE’s translation gains or losses appear as such on IBG, Inc.’s unaudited condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income, included in trading gains.

 
·
THE’s net worth is carried on THE’s books in Swiss francs in accordance with Swiss accounting standards.  At the end of each accounting period, THE’s net worth is translated at the then prevailing exchange rate into U.S. dollars and the resulting gain or loss is reported as OCI in our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition and unaudited condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income.  To a smaller extent, OCI is also produced by our other non-U.S. subsidiaries.

Historically, we have taken the approach of not hedging the above exposures, based on the notion that the cost of constantly hedging over the years would amount to more than the random impact of rate changes on our non-U.S. dollar balances.  For instance, an increase in the value of the Swiss franc would be unfavorable to the earnings of THE but would be counterbalanced to some extent by the fact that the yearly translation gain or loss into U.S. dollars is likely to move in the opposite direction.

Since 2005, we have expanded our market making systems to incorporate cash forex and forex options to hedge our currency exposure at little or no cost and to hedge our currency exposure throughout the day on a continuous basis.  In connection with the development of our currency strategy, we determined to base our net worth in GLOBALs, a basket of currencies.  On October 3, 2011 we announced that we expanded the composition of the GLOBAL from six to 16 currencies.  The table below displays the component changes in detail.  U.S. dollar amounts are calculated using exchange rates at September 30, 2011, the effective date for the change.

GLOBAL
       
NEW
CHANGE
 
9/30/2011
GLOBAL
GLOBAL in
% of
GLOBAL
GLOBAL in
% of
% of
Currency
FX Rates
Composition
USD Equiv.
Comp.
Composition
USD Equiv.
Comp.
Comp.
USD
1.0000
0.55
0.550
49.3%
0.41
0.410
36.8%
-12.5%
EUR
1.3400
0.24
0.322
28.8%
0.17
0.228
20.4%
-8.4%
GBP
1.5594
0.03
0.047
4.2%
0.03
0.047
4.2%
0.0%
JPY
0.0130
10.00
0.130
11.6%
10.00
0.130
11.6%
0.0%
AUD
0.9674
0.03
0.029
2.6%
0.03
0.029
2.6%
0.0%
CAD
0.9545
0.04
0.038
3.4%
0.04
0.038
3.4%
0.0%
CHF
1.1034
     
0.03
0.033
3.0%
3.0%
HKD
0.1284
     
0.26
0.033
3.0%
3.0%
SEK
0.1457
     
0.09
0.013
1.2%
1.2%
MXN
0.0721
     
0.30
0.022
1.9%
1.9%
DKK
0.1801
     
0.04
0.007
0.6%
0.6%
NOK
0.1704
     
0.06
0.010
0.9%
0.9%
KRW
0.0008
     
28.00
0.024
2.1%
2.1%
BRL
0.5317
     
0.08
0.043
3.8%
3.8%
INR
0.0204
     
2.00
0.041
3.7%
3.7%
SGD
0.7646
     
0.01
0.008
0.7%
0.7%
Total GLOBALS, as measured in USD
$ 1.115
100.0%
 
$ 1.115
100.0%
0.0%

 
Because we actively manage our global currency exposure by maintaining our equity in GLOBALs, we consider ourselves a global enterprise based in a diversified basket of currencies rather than a U.S. dollar based company.  At September 30, 2012 approximately 63% of our equity was denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars.

The effects of our currency strategy appear in two places in the financial statements: (1) as a component of trading gains in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income and (2) as OCI in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition.  The full effect of the GLOBAL is captured in comprehensive income.

Reported results on a comprehensive basis reflect the U.S. GAAP convention adopted in 2011 that requires the reporting of currency translation results contained in OCI as part of reportable earnings.  Previously, currency translation results were reported only as a component of changes in Total Equity in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition.


 

 
58

 
Interest Rate Risk
 
Under our senior secured revolving credit facility, we have the ability to choose borrowing tenors from overnight to twelve months, which permits us to minimize the risk of interest rate fluctuations.  We have no borrowings outstanding under this facility as of September 30, 2012.

We pay our electronic brokerage customers interest based on benchmark overnight interest rates in various currencies.  In a higher interest rate environment, exhibiting a positive yield curve, we typically invest a portion of these funds in U.S. government treasury securities with maturities of up to three months.  Under these circumstances, if interest rates were to increase rapidly and substantially, in increments that were not reflected in the yields on these treasury securities, our net interest income from customer deposits would decrease.  Based upon investments outstanding at September 30, 2012, we had minimal exposure of this nature.

We also face the potential for reduced net interest income from customer deposits due to interest rate spread compression in a low rate environment.  Due to a currently low rate environment, a decrease of the U.S. benchmark interest rates to zero, or roughly 0.09%, would reduce our net interest income by approximately $1.6 million on an annualized basis.

We also face substantial interest rate risk due to positions carried in our market making business to the extent that long or short stock positions may have been established for future or forward dates on options or futures contracts and the value of such positions are impacted by interest rates.  We hedge such risks by entering into interest rate futures contracts.  To the extent that these futures positions do not perfectly hedge this interest rate risk, our trading gains may be adversely affected.  The amount of such risk cannot be quantified.

Dividend Risk

We face dividend risk in our market making business as we derive significant revenues and incur significant expenses in the form of dividend income and expense, respectively, from our substantial inventory of equity securities, and must make significant payments in lieu of dividends on short positions in securities in our portfolio.  Projected future dividends are an important component of pricing equity options and other derivatives, and incorrect projections may lead to trading losses.  The amount of these risks cannot be quantified.

Margin Credit

We extend margin credit to our customers, subject to various regulatory requirements.  Margin credit is collateralized by cash and securities in the customers’ accounts.  The risks associated with margin credit increase during periods of fast market movements or in cases where collateral is concentrated and market movements occur.  During such times, customers who utilize margin credit and who have collateralized their obligations with securities may find that the securities have a rapidly depreciating value and may not be sufficient to cover their obligations in the event of a liquidation.  We are also exposed to credit risk when our customers execute transactions, such as short sales of options and equities that can expose them to risk beyond their invested capital.

We expect this kind of exposure to increase with growth in our overall business.  Because we indemnify and hold harmless our clearing firms from certain liabilities or claims, the use of margin credit and short sales may expose us to significant off-balance-sheet risk in the event that collateral collected from customers is not sufficient to fully cover losses that those customers may incur and if those customers fail to satisfy their obligations.  As of September 30, 2012, we had $9.4 billion in margin credit extended to our customers.  The amount of risk to which we are exposed from the margin credit we extend to our customers and from short sale transactions by our customers is unlimited and not quantifiable as the risk is dependent upon analysis of a potential significant and undeterminable rise or fall in stock prices.  Our account level margin credit requirements meet or exceed those required by Regulation T of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve or the SEC portfolio margining regulations, as appropriate.  As a matter of practice, we enforce real-time margin compliance monitoring and liquidate customers’ positions if their equity falls below required margin requirements.

We have a comprehensive policy implemented in accordance with regulatory standards to assess and monitor the suitability of investors to engage in various trading activities.  To mitigate our risk, we also continuously monitor customer accounts to detect excessive concentration, large orders or positions, patterns of day trading and other activities that indicate increased risk to us.

Our credit exposure is to a great extent mitigated by our policy of automatically evaluating each account throughout the trading day and closing out positions automatically for accounts that are found to be under-margined.  While this methodology is effective in most situations, it may not be effective in situations where no liquid market exists for the relevant securities or commodities or where, for any reason, automatic liquidation for certain accounts has been disabled.

 
59

 

ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 


Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), management evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15, as of September 30, 2012, in conjunction with the preparation of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012.  Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that while the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, discussed later in this Item, continues to exist as of September 30, 2012, active measures are being taken, inclusive of the Remediation Plan also discussed later in this Item, to validate that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures in place will be effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company's periodic SEC filings is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.

Changes to Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting other than those described in this Item for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Remediation Plan
 
As disclosed in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012, management had identified the existence of a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to the review and interpretation of complex accounting issues as having existed as of June 30, 2012.  In September 2012, management implemented a formal remediation plan to address this material weakness. Remediation efforts to date include, but are not limited to, the following:
 
·
Established an Accounting Policy Committee.  This committee, comprised of the CFO, Chief Accounting Officer (“CAO”) and internal financial accounting and reporting, as well as SEC, tax and regulatory reporting specialists, is charged with assessing, researching and concluding on the effects of significant transactions and recently issued or newly applicable official accounting guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  This collaborative effort is expected to enhance the existing policy that required a quarterly review by the CFO and Chief Accounting Officer (“CAO”) of such significant transactions and official accounting guidance.
 
·
A preliminary assessment was made during September 2012 in connection with preparations for reporting the Company’s results of operation and financial position for the quarter ended September 30, 2012.  This assessment was reviewed with the Company’s Audit Committee in September 2012 and was updated with the Audit Committee in October 2012 prior to the issuance of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012.  Similar assessments and reviews with the Audit Committee will prospectively be conducted every quarter.
 
Where the assessments indicate that further research and evaluation are required, the CFO and the CAO will recommend to the Audit Committee whether they believe the Company has sufficient professional resources to address the issues internally or if external professional resources are required.
 
·
Established a policy requiring consideration of consultation with accounting policy or other subject matter experts, not affiliated with the Company’s independent accountants, on future complex accounting interpretations should they arise from the above assessments.
 
·
When further research and evaluation of accounting policy issues is undertaken, whether conducted internally or through external consultation with accounting policy or other experts, the results of such research and evaluation will be reported to the Company’s Audit Committee.
 
 In addition, under the direction of the Audit Committee, management will continue to review and make necessary changes to the overall design of the Company’s internal control environment, as well as to policies and procedures to improve the overall effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

If our remediation plan is not successful, further material misstatements to the Company’s financial statements could occur.



 
60

 

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
There have been no material changes to the legal proceedings disclosed under Part 1, Item 3 of our Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012.  During our normal course of business, the Company’s regulated operating companies are in discussions with regulators about matters raised during regulatory examinations or otherwise subject to their inquiry.  These matters could result in censures, fines or other sanctions.  Management believes the outcome of any resulting actions will not be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  However, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these matters.
 
The Company believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of the pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial condition of the Company.  Legal reserves have been established in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies.  The ultimate resolution may differ from the amounts reserved.
 
ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS
 
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in under Part 1, Item 1A of our Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on August 31, 2012, except as listed below.
 
Risks Related to Delays in Filing our Financial Statements for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2012:

The delayed filing of our Form 10−Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 rendered us ineligible to file registration statements on Form S−3, or to use our existing shelf registration statement on Form S−3 or our registration statement on Form S−8.  We expect future filings to be submitted timely and that in September 2013 we will again become eligible to file Form S-3 and Form S-8 registration Statements as a “well known seasoned issuer”.

ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
None
 
ITEM 3.  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
None
 
ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION
 
None
 

 
61

 

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS

 
Exhibit
   
Number
 
Description
     
10.1
 
Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of IBG LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on
   
Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2007 filed by the Company on June 15, 2007).**
     
10.2
 
Form of Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of IBG Holdings LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to
   
Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on February 12, 2007).**
     
10.3
 
Exchange Agreement by and among Interactive Brokers Group, Inc., IBG Holdings LLC, IBG LLC and the
   
Members of IBG LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period
   
Ended September 30, 2009 filed by the Company on November 11, 2009).**
     
10.4
 
Tax Receivable Agreement by and between Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and IBG Holdings LLC (filed as
   
Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2007 filed by the
   
Company on June 15, 2007).**
     
10.5
 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 2 to the
   
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on April 4, 2007).**+
     
10.6
 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan. (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Amendment No. 2 to the
   
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on April 4, 2007).**+
     
10.7
 
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. Amendment to the Exchange Agreement . (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the
   
Form 8-K filed by the Company on June 6, 2012).**+
     
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document*
     
101.SCH
 
XBRL Extension Schema*
     
101.CAL
 
XBRL Extension Calculation Linkbase*
     
101.DEF
 
XBRL Extension Definition Linkbase*
     
101.LAB
 
XBRL Extension Label Linkbase*
     
101.PRE
 
XBRL Extension Presentation Linkbase*
     
     
**
 
Previously filed; incorporated herein by reference.
     
+
 
These exhibits relate to management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.
     
*
 
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012,
   
are the following materials formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) (i) the Unaudited Condensed
   
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income,
   
(iii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement
   
of Changes in Stockholders' Equity and (v) Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements tagged in detail levels 1-4.

 
62

 


 
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
   
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.
     
   
/s/ Paul J. Brody
   
Name: Paul J. Brody
   
Title: Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
   
(Signing both in his capacity as a duly authorized officer and
as principal financial officer of the registrant)
     
Date: November 9, 2012
   
 
 
63