UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2010
or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 1-13881
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 52-2055918 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
10400 Fernwood Road, Bethesda, Maryland | 20817 | |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code (301) 380-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class |
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value (358,522,350 shares outstanding as of January 29, 2010) |
New York Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a small reporting company. See definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x | Accelerated filer ¨ | Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Smaller Reporting Company ¨ | |||
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of shares of common stock held by non-affiliates at June 19, 2009, was $5,960,238,420
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement prepared for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into
Part III of this report.
FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS
FISCAL YEAR ENDED JANUARY 1, 2010
Page No. | ||||
Item 1. |
3 | |||
Item 1A. |
16 | |||
Item 1B. |
21 | |||
Item 2. |
21 | |||
Item 3. |
21 | |||
Item 4. |
22 | |||
Item 5. |
23 | |||
Item 6. |
24 | |||
Item 7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
25 | ||
Item 7A. |
62 | |||
Item 8. |
64 | |||
Item 9. |
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
121 | ||
Item 9A. |
121 | |||
Item 9B. |
121 | |||
Item 10. |
122 | |||
Item 11. |
122 | |||
Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
122 | ||
Item 13. |
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |
122 | ||
Item 14. |
122 | |||
Item 15. |
127 | |||
130 |
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Throughout this report, we refer to Marriott International, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, as we, us, or the Company. Unless otherwise specified, each reference to a particular year means the fiscal year ended on the date shown in the table below, rather than the corresponding calendar year:
Fiscal Year |
Fiscal Year-End Date |
Fiscal Year |
Fiscal Year-End Date | |||
2009 | January 1, 2010 | 2004 | December 31, 2004 | |||
2008 | January 2, 2009 | 2003 | January 2, 2004 | |||
2007 | December 28, 2007 | 2002 | January 3, 2003 | |||
2006 | December 29, 2006 | 2001 | December 28, 2001 | |||
2005 | December 30, 2005 | 2000 | December 29, 2000 |
Item 1. | Business. |
We are a worldwide operator and franchisor of hotels and related lodging facilities. We were organized as a corporation in Delaware in 1997 and became a public company in 1998 when we were spun off as a separate entity by the company formerly named Marriott International, Inc. Our operations are grouped into the following five business segments:
Segment |
Percentage of 2009 Total Revenues |
||
North American Full-Service Lodging Segment |
44 | % | |
North American Limited-Service Lodging Segment |
18 | % | |
International Lodging Segment |
11 | % | |
Luxury Lodging Segment |
13 | % | |
Timeshare Segment |
13 | % | |
Other unallocated corporate |
1 | % |
Prior to November 3, 2007, our operations also included our synthetic fuel business, which we now classify as discontinued operations.
We develop, operate, and franchise hotels and corporate housing properties under numerous separate brand names, and we develop, operate, and market timeshare, fractional ownership, and residential properties under four separate brand names. We also provide services to home/condominium owner associations for projects associated with several of our brands.
Financial information by segment and geographic area for the 2009, 2008, and 2007 fiscal years appears in Footnote No. 19, Business Segments, of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report.
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Lodging
We operate or franchise 3,420 lodging properties worldwide, with 595,461 rooms as of year-end 2009 inclusive of 30 home and condominium products (3,034 units) for which we manage the related owners associations. In addition, we provided 2,072 furnished corporate housing rental units, which are not included in the totals. We believe that our portfolio of lodging brands is the broadest of any company in the world and that we are the leader in the quality tier of the vacation timesharing business. Consistent with our focus on management and franchising, we own very few of our lodging properties. We manage and franchise lodging properties employing the following brands:
North American Full-Service Lodging Segment | International Lodging Segment | |
Marriott® Hotels & Resorts |
Marriott® Hotels & Resorts | |
JW Marriott® |
JW Marriott® | |
Renaissance® Hotels |
Renaissance® Hotels | |
Renaissance ClubSport® |
Courtyard by Marriott® | |
Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott® | ||
North American Limited-Service Lodging Segment | Residence Inn by Marriott® | |
Courtyard by Marriott® (Courtyard) |
Marriott Executive Apartments® | |
Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott® (Fairfield Inn & Suites) |
||
SpringHill Suites by Marriott ® (SpringHill Suites) |
Timeshare Segment | |
Residence Inn by Marriott® (Residence Inn) |
Marriott Vacation Club ® | |
TownePlace Suites by Marriott® (TownePlace Suites) Marriott ExecuStay® |
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club® The Ritz-Carlton Residences® | |
Grand Residences by Marriott® | ||
Luxury Lodging Segment | ||
The Ritz-Carlton® |
||
Bulgari Hotels & Resorts® |
||
EDITIONSM * |
* | At year-end 2009, no EDITION properties were yet open. |
Additionally, as discussed in greater detail under the New Lodging Products caption, in November 2009 we announced the launch of the Autograph Collection SM, a new brand within the companys global portfolio that will be comprised of upper-upscale and luxury, independent hotels with distinctive personalities, located in major cities and desired destinations worldwide. At year-end 2009, no Autograph Collection properties were yet open.
The North American Full-Service segment and the North American Limited-Service segment include properties located in the continental United States and Canada. The Luxury segment includes worldwide properties. The International segment includes full-service and limited-service properties located outside the continental United States and Canada. Unless otherwise indicated, our references to Marriott Hotels & Resorts throughout this report include Marriott Conference Centers and JW Marriott, references to Renaissance Hotels include Renaissance ClubSport, and references to Fairfield Inn & Suites include Fairfield Inn®.
Company-Operated Lodging Properties
At year-end 2009, we operated 1,098 properties (280,130 rooms) under long-term management agreements with property owners, 35 properties (9,277 rooms) under long-term lease agreements with property owners (management and lease agreements together, the Operating Agreements), and eight properties (1,785 rooms) as owned. The figures noted for properties operated under long-term management agreements include 30 home and condominium products (3,034 units) for which we manage the related owners associations.
Terms of our management agreements vary, but typically, we earn a management fee, which comprises a base management fee, which is a percentage of the revenues of the hotel and an incentive management fee, which is based on the profits of the hotel. Our management agreements also typically include reimbursement of costs of operations (both direct and indirect). Such agreements are generally for initial periods of 20 to 30 years, with options for us to renew for up to 50 or more additional years. Our lease agreements also vary, but may include fixed annual rentals plus additional rentals based on a percentage of annual revenues in excess of a fixed amount. Many of the Operating Agreements are subordinated to mortgages or other liens securing indebtedness of the owners. Additionally, many of our Operating Agreements permit the owners to terminate the agreement if certain performance metrics are not met and financial returns fail to meet defined levels for a period of time and we have not cured such deficiencies.
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For lodging facilities that we operate, we generally are responsible for hiring, training, and supervising the managers and employees required to operate the facilities and for purchasing supplies, both for which we generally are reimbursed by the owners. We provide centralized reservation services and national advertising, marketing and promotional services, as well as various accounting and data processing services. We are generally reimbursed by owners for the cost of providing these services.
Franchised Lodging Properties
We have franchising programs that permit the use of many of our lodging brand names and systems by other hotel owners and operators. Under these programs, we generally receive an initial application fee and continuing royalty fees, which typically range from 4 percent to 6 percent of room revenues for all brands, plus 2 percent to 3 percent of food and beverage revenues for certain full-service hotels. In addition, franchisees contribute to our national marketing and advertising programs and pay fees for use of our centralized reservation systems. At year-end 2009, we had 2,279 franchised properties (304,269 rooms).
Timeshare and Residential
We develop, operate, market, and sell timeshare interval, fractional ownership, and residential properties under four brand names and generate revenues from three primary sources: (1) selling fee simple and other forms of timeshare intervals and personal residences; (2) financing consumer purchases; and (3) operating the resorts. Many resorts are located adjacent to company-operated hotels, such as Marriott Hotels & Resorts and The Ritz-Carlton, and owners have access to certain hotel facilities during their vacation. Owners can trade their annual interval for intervals at other Marriott timesharing resorts or for intervals at certain timesharing resorts not otherwise sponsored by Marriott through a third-party exchange company. Owners can also trade their unused interval for points in the Marriott Rewards® frequent guest program, enabling them to stay at over 3,352 company-operated or franchised properties worldwide.
We also sell residential real estate in conjunction with luxury hotel development (Ritz-Carlton-Residential) and Timeshare segment projects (Ritz-Carlton Residences and Grand Residences by Marriott-Residential) and receive branding fees for sales of such branded residential real estate by others. Residences developed in conjunction with hotels are typically constructed and sold by hotel owners with limited amounts, if any, of our capital at risk. We typically open our Timeshare segment residential projects over time with limited inventory available at any one time. While the worldwide residential market is very large, the luxurious nature of our residential properties, the quality and exclusivity associated with our brands, and the hospitality services that we provide, all serve to make our residential properties distinctive.
Seasonality
In general, business at company-operated and franchised properties is relatively stable and includes only moderate seasonal fluctuations. Business at some resort properties may be seasonal depending on location.
Relationship with Major Customer
We operate a number of properties under long-term management agreements that are owned or leased by Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (Host). In addition, Host is a partner in several partnerships that own properties operated by us under long-term management agreements. See Footnote No. 25, Relationship with Major Customer, in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report for more information.
Intellectual Property
We operate in a highly competitive industry and our brand names, trademarks, service marks, trade names and logos are very important to the sales and marketing of our properties and services. We believe that our brand names and other intellectual property have come to represent the highest standards of quality, caring, service and value to our customers and the traveling public. Accordingly, we register and protect our intellectual property where we deem appropriate and otherwise protect against its unauthorized use.
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Summary of Properties by Brand
At year-end 2009, we operated or franchised the following properties by brand (excluding 2,072 corporate housing rental units):
Company-Operated | Franchised | |||||||
Brand |
Properties | Rooms | Properties | Rooms | ||||
U.S. Locations |
||||||||
Marriott Hotels & Resorts |
142 | 73,024 | 184 | 55,770 | ||||
Marriott Conference Centers |
11 | 3,243 | | | ||||
JW Marriott |
11 | 6,570 | 5 | 1,553 | ||||
Renaissance Hotels |
37 | 16,963 | 40 | 11,606 | ||||
Renaissance ClubSport |
| | 2 | 349 | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton |
40 | 12,115 | | | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton-Residential (1) |
25 | 2,613 | | | ||||
Courtyard |
280 | 43,895 | 488 | 63,745 | ||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites |
3 | 1,055 | 617 | 54,567 | ||||
SpringHill Suites |
31 | 4,916 | 224 | 24,930 | ||||
Residence Inn |
139 | 19,598 | 452 | 51,397 | ||||
TownePlace Suites |
34 | 3,659 | 150 | 14,792 | ||||
Marriott Vacation Club (2) |
41 | 9,728 | | | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club (2) |
7 | 339 | | | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton Residences (1), (2) |
3 | 222 | | | ||||
Grand Residences by Marriott-Fractional (2) |
1 | 199 | | | ||||
Grand Residences by Marriott-Residential (1), (2) |
2 | 91 | | | ||||
Non-U.S. Locations |
||||||||
Marriott Hotels & Resorts |
131 | 38,107 | 34 | 10,148 | ||||
JW Marriott |
26 | 10,030 | 1 | 310 | ||||
Renaissance Hotels |
50 | 17,351 | 14 | 4,313 | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton |
34 | 10,171 | | | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton-Residential (1) |
1 | 93 | | | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton Serviced Apartments |
3 | 474 | | | ||||
Bulgari Hotels & Resorts |
2 | 117 | | | ||||
Marriott Executive Apartments |
22 | 3,781 | 1 | 99 | ||||
Courtyard |
47 | 10,121 | 43 | 7,445 | ||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites |
| | 9 | 1,109 | ||||
SpringHill Suites |
| | 1 | 124 | ||||
Residence Inn |
3 | 405 | 14 | 2,012 | ||||
Marriott Vacation Club (2) |
11 | 2,126 | | | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club (2) |
2 | 122 | | | ||||
The Ritz-Carlton Residences (1), (2) |
1 | 15 | | | ||||
Grand Residences by Marriott-Fractional (2) |
1 | 49 | | | ||||
Total |
1,141 | 291,192 | 2,279 | 304,269 | ||||
(1) | Represents projects where we manage the related owners association. Residential products are included once they possess a certificate of occupancy. |
(2) | Indicates a Timeshare product. Includes products in active sales as well as those that are sold out. |
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The following table provides additional detail, by brand, as of year-end 2009, for our Timeshare properties:
Total Properties (1) |
Properties in Active Sales (2) | |||
100 Percent Company-Developed |
||||
Marriott Vacation Club |
52 | 29 | ||
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club and Residences |
9 | 8 | ||
Grand Residences by Marriott and Residences |
4 | 4 | ||
Joint Ventures |
||||
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club and Residences |
4 | 4 | ||
Total |
69 | 45 | ||
(1) | Includes products that are in active sales as well as those that are sold out. Residential products are included once they possess a certificate of occupancy. |
(2) | Products in active sales may not be ready for occupancy. |
Summary of Properties by Country
At year-end 2009, we operated or franchised properties in the following 68 countries and territories:
Country |
Properties (1) | Rooms (1) | ||
Americas |
||||
Argentina |
1 | 318 | ||
Aruba |
4 | 1,635 | ||
Bahamas |
2 | 32 | ||
Brazil |
4 | 1,115 | ||
Canada |
57 | 12,026 | ||
Cayman Islands |
3 | 753 | ||
Chile |
2 | 485 | ||
Colombia |
1 | 239 | ||
Costa Rica |
5 | 1,094 | ||
Curaçao |
2 | 484 | ||
Dominican Republic |
2 | 445 | ||
Ecuador |
2 | 401 | ||
El Salvador |
1 | 133 | ||
Honduras |
1 | 153 | ||
Jamaica |
1 | 427 | ||
Mexico |
18 | 4,541 | ||
Panama |
2 | 543 | ||
Peru |
1 | 300 | ||
Puerto Rico |
6 | 1,731 | ||
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
2 | 539 | ||
Suriname |
1 | 140 | ||
Trinidad and Tobago |
1 | 119 | ||
United States |
2,969 | 476,939 | ||
U.S. Virgin Islands |
4 | 919 | ||
Venezuela |
2 | 476 | ||
Total Americas |
3,094 | 505,987 | ||
United Kingdom and Ireland |
||||
Ireland |
5 | 859 | ||
United Kingdom (England, Scotland, and Wales) |
56 | 11,156 | ||
Total United Kingdom and Ireland |
61 | 12,015 |
(1) | Includes Timeshare products that are in active sales as well as those that are sold out. Products in active sales may not be ready for occupancy. |
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Country |
Properties (1) | Rooms (1) | ||
Middle East and Africa |
||||
Armenia |
1 | 226 | ||
Bahrain |
2 | 452 | ||
Egypt |
7 | 3,412 | ||
Israel |
1 | 342 | ||
Jordan |
3 | 644 | ||
Kuwait |
2 | 577 | ||
Qatar |
3 | 910 | ||
Saudi Arabia |
3 | 749 | ||
Turkey |
6 | 1,739 | ||
United Arab Emirates |
7 | 1,382 | ||
Total Middle East and Africa |
35 | 10,433 | ||
Asia |
||||
China |
47 | 18,859 | ||
Guam |
1 | 357 | ||
India |
9 | 2,335 | ||
Indonesia |
8 | 1,723 | ||
Japan |
10 | 3,151 | ||
Malaysia |
7 | 3,019 | ||
Pakistan |
2 | 506 | ||
Philippines |
2 | 643 | ||
Singapore |
2 | 1,001 | ||
South Korea |
5 | 1,758 | ||
Thailand |
19 | 4,437 | ||
Vietnam |
2 | 874 | ||
Total Asia |
114 | 38,663 | ||
Australia |
8 | 2,353 | ||
Continental Europe |
||||
Austria |
8 | 1,979 | ||
Belgium |
5 | 878 | ||
Czech Republic |
5 | 936 | ||
Denmark |
1 | 401 | ||
France |
13 | 3,012 | ||
Georgia |
2 | 245 | ||
Germany |
29 | 6,902 | ||
Greece |
1 | 314 | ||
Hungary |
2 | 472 | ||
Italy |
8 | 1,813 | ||
Kazakhstan |
3 | 465 | ||
Netherlands |
3 | 942 | ||
Poland |
2 | 758 | ||
Portugal |
4 | 1,179 | ||
Romania |
1 | 402 | ||
Russia |
9 | 2,321 | ||
Spain |
9 | 2,371 | ||
Switzerland |
3 | 620 | ||
Total Europe |
108 | 26,010 | ||
Total-All Countries and Territories |
3,420 | 595,461 | ||
(1) | Includes Timeshare products that are in active sales as well as those that are sold out. Products in active sales may not be ready for occupancy. |
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Descriptions of Our Brands
North American Full-Service Segment, North American Limited-Service Segment,
and International Segment Lodging Products
Marriott Hotels & Resorts is our global flagship brand, primarily serving business and leisure upper-upscale travelers and meeting groups. Marriott Hotels & Resorts properties are located in downtown, urban, and suburban areas, near airports, and at resort locations. Marriott Hotels & Resorts is a performance-inspired brand that caters to the achievement guest.
Typically, properties contain 300 to 700 well-appointed rooms, the Revive® bedding package, in-room high-speed Internet access, swimming pools, convention and banquet facilities, destination-driven restaurant and lounges, room service, concierge lounges, wireless Internet access in public places, and parking facilities. Eighteen properties have over 1,000 rooms. Many resort properties have additional recreational facilities, such as tennis courts, golf courses, additional restaurants and lounges, and many have spa facilities. New and renovated properties typically reflect the M.I.greatroomSM, a reinvented lobby featuring functional seating, state-of-the-art technology, and innovative food and beverage concepts in a stylish setting, as well as the new Marriott guest room, which features contemporary residential design, warm colors, rich woods and architectural detail, flat-screen high-definition televisions, plug and play technology, and bathrooms reflecting spa-like luxury. At year-end 2009, there were 545 Marriott Hotels & Resorts properties (198,755 rooms), excluding JW Marriott and Marriott Conference Centers.
At year-end 2009, there were 11 Marriott Conference Centers (3,243 rooms) throughout the United States. Some of the centers are used exclusively by employees of sponsoring organizations, while others are marketed to outside meeting groups and individuals. In addition to the features found in a typical Marriott full-service property, the centers typically include expanded meeting room space, banquet and dining facilities, and recreational facilities.
JW Marriott is a brand made up of a collection of beautiful properties and resorts that cater to accomplished, discerning travelers seeking an elegant environment with discreet personal service. At year-end 2009, there were 43 properties (18,463 rooms) primarily located in gateway cities and upscale locations throughout the world. JW Marriott offers anticipatory service and exceptional amenities, many with world-class golf and spa facilities. In addition to the features found in a typical Marriott full-service property, the facilities and amenities at JW Marriott properties normally include larger guest rooms, higher end décor and furnishings, upgraded in-room amenities, upgraded executive lounges, business centers and fitness centers, and 24-hour room service.
Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Marriott Conference Centers, and JW Marriott Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2009 |
Properties | ||||
United States (42 states and the District of Columbia) |
353 | (140,160 rooms | ) | ||
Non-U.S. (57 countries and territories) |
|||||
Americas |
44 | ||||
Continental Europe |
35 | ||||
United Kingdom and Ireland |
52 | ||||
Asia |
39 | ||||
Middle East and Africa |
17 | ||||
Australia |
5 | ||||
Total Non-U.S. |
192 | (58,595 rooms | ) | ||
Renaissance Hotels is a distinctive, global, full-service lifestyle brand that targets business and leisure travelers seeking to expand their horizons and live life to the fullest.
Renaissance Hotels properties are generally located at downtown locations in major cities, in suburban office parks, near major gateway airports, and in destination resorts. Renaissance hotels echo and embrace their locales-from exquisite, historic castles, to meticulously modern skyscrapers. Most properties contain from 300 to 500 rooms, featuring indigenous and intriguing design elements, distinctive restaurants and lounges, unique in-room dining options, state-of-the-art technology, and inspiring meeting and banquet facilities. At year-end 2009, there were 143 Renaissance Hotels properties (50,582 rooms), including two Renaissance ClubSport properties (349 rooms).
9
Renaissance Hotels Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2009 |
Properties | ||||
United States (28 states and the District of Columbia) |
79 | (28,918 rooms | ) | ||
Non-U.S. (30 countries and territories) |
|||||
Americas |
7 | ||||
Continental Europe |
24 | ||||
United Kingdom and Ireland |
4 | ||||
Asia |
23 | ||||
Middle East and Africa |
6 | ||||
Total Non-U.S. |
64 | (21,664 rooms | ) | ||
Courtyard is our select-service hotel product for the upper-moderate price tier. Focused primarily on transient business travel, Courtyard hotels are designed to offer a refreshing environment to help guests stay connected, productive and balanced, while accommodating their need for choice and control when traveling. The hotels typically contain 90 to 150 rooms in suburban locales and 140 to 340 rooms in downtown domestic and international locales. Well-landscaped grounds typically include a courtyard with a pool and outdoor social areas. Hotels feature functionally designed guest rooms and meeting rooms, free in-room high-speed Internet access, free wireless high-speed Internet access (Wi-Fi) in the lobby (in North America), a swimming pool, an exercise room, and The Market (a self-serve food store open 24 hours a day). While many hotels currently offer a breakfast buffet, the brand is transitioning to a new state-of-the-art lobby design and food and beverage concept. The multifunctional space enables guests to work, relax, eat, drink, and socialize at their own pace, taking advantage of enhanced technology and The Bistros breakfast and dinner offerings. The new, sophisticated lobby design is intended to keep Courtyard well positioned against its competition by providing better value through superior facilities, technology, and service to generate stronger connections with our guests. At year-end 2009, there were 858 Courtyards (125,206 rooms) operating in 33 countries and territories.
Courtyard Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2009 |
Properties | ||||
United States (49 states and the District of Columbia) |
768 | (107,640 rooms | ) | ||
Non-U.S. (32 countries and territories) |
|||||
Americas |
32 | ||||
Continental Europe |
33 | ||||
United Kingdom and Ireland |
2 | ||||
Asia |
17 | ||||
Middle East and Africa |
3 | ||||
Australia |
3 | ||||
Total Non-U.S. |
90 | (17,566 rooms | ) | ||
Fairfield Inn & Suites is our hotel brand that competes in the moderate-price tier and is primarily aimed at value-conscious business travelers. Fairfield Inn & Suites (which includes Fairfield Inn) offers a broad range of amenities, including free in-room high-speed Internet access and free Wi-Fi access in the lobby, on-site business services (copying, faxing, and printing), a business center/lobby computer with Internet access and print capability, complimentary hot continental breakfast buffet, The Market (a self-serve food store open 24 hours a day, at most locations), exercise facilities (at most locations), and a swimming pool. A typical Fairfield Inn & Suites or Fairfield Inn property has 60 to 140 rooms in suburban locations and up to 200 rooms in urban destinations. At year-end 2009, there were 342 Fairfield Inn & Suites properties and 287 Fairfield Inn properties (629 properties total), operating in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Fairfield Inn & Suites and Fairfield Inn Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2009 |
Properties | ||||
United States (49 states) |
620 | (55,622 rooms | ) | ||
Non-U.S. Americas (Canada and Mexico) |
9 | (1,109 rooms | ) | ||
SpringHill Suites is our all-suite brand in the upper-moderate-price tier primarily targeting business travelers. SpringHill Suites properties typically have 90 to 165 suites that have approximately 25 percent more space than a traditional hotel guest room with separate areas for sleeping, working, and relaxing. The brand offers a broad range of amenities, including free in-room high-speed Internet access and free Wi-Fi access in the lobby, The Market (a self-serve food store open 24 hours a day), complimentary hot breakfast buffet, lobby computer and on-site business services (copying, faxing, and printing), exercise facilities, and a swimming pool. At year-end 2009, there were 256 properties (29,970 rooms) located in the United States and Canada.
Residence Inn is North Americas leading upscale extended-stay hotel brand designed for business and leisure travelers staying five or more nights. Residence Inn provides upscale design and style with spacious suites that feature separate living, sleeping, working, and kitchen areas. Guests can maintain their own pace and routines
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through free in-room high-speed Internet access and free Wi-Fi access in the lobby, on-site exercise options, and comfortable places to work or relax. Additional amenities include free hot breakfast and evening social events, free grocery shopping services, 24-hour friendly and knowledgeable staffing, and laundry facilities. At year-end 2009, there were 608 Residence Inn properties (73,412 rooms) located in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Residence Inn Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2009 |
Properties | ||||
United States (47 states and the District of Columbia) |
591 | (70,995 rooms | ) | ||
Non-U.S. Americas (Canada and Mexico) |
17 | (2,417 rooms | ) | ||
TownePlace Suites is a moderately priced extended-stay hotel brand that is designed to appeal to business and leisure travelers who stay for five nights or more. Designed for the self-sufficient, value-conscious traveler, each suite generally provides functional spaces for living and working, including a full kitchen and a home office. TownePlace Suites associates are trained to provide insightful local knowledge, and each hotel specializes in delivering service that helps guests settle in to the local area. Additional amenities include housekeeping services, on-site exercise facilities, an outdoor pool, 24-hour staffing, free in-room high-speed Internet access and free Wi-Fi access in the lobby, and laundry facilities. At year-end 2009, 184 TownePlace Suites properties (18,451 rooms) were located in 41 states.
Marriott ExecuStay provides furnished corporate apartments primarily for long-term stays nationwide. ExecuStay owns no residential real estate and provides units primarily through short-term lease agreements with apartment owners and managers and franchise agreements. At year-end 2009, Marriott leased approximately 1,750 apartments and our 10 franchisees leased approximately 2,100 apartments. Apartments are located in 43 different markets in the United States, of which 35 are franchised.
Marriott Executive Apartments. We provide temporary housing (Serviced Apartments) for business executives and others who need quality accommodations outside their home country, usually for 30 or more days. Some Serviced Apartments operate under the Marriott Executive Apartments brand, which is designed specifically for the long-term international traveler. At year-end 2009, 20 Marriott Executive Apartments and three other Serviced Apartments properties (3,911 rooms total) were located in 14 countries and territories. All Marriott Executive Apartments are located outside the United States.
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Luxury Segment Lodging Products
The Ritz-Carlton is a leading global luxury lifestyle brand of hotels and resorts renowned for their distinctive architecture and for the high quality level of their facilities, dining options, and exceptional personalized guest service. Most of The Ritz-Carlton hotels have 250 to 400 guest rooms and typically include meeting and banquet facilities, a variety of restaurants and lounges, a club level, gift shops, high-speed Internet access, flat-screen high-definition televisions, swimming pools, and parking facilities. Guests at most of The Ritz-Carlton resorts have access to additional recreational amenities, such as tennis courts, golf courses, and health spas. A number of the domestic hotels also include residences that provide luxurious real estate choices from one-bedroom apartments to spacious penthouses, and residents can avail themselves of the services and facilities offered by the hotel. Certain other residences projects are stand-alone and not associated with a Ritz-Carlton hotel. In each case, we manage the related owners associations.
The Ritz-Carlton Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2009 (1) |
Properties | ||||
United States (19 states and the District of Columbia) |
65 | (14,728 rooms | ) | ||
Non-U.S. (23 countries and territories) |
|||||
Americas |
7 | ||||
Continental Europe |
7 | ||||
United Kingdom and Ireland |
1 | ||||
Asia |
17 | ||||
Middle East and Africa |
6 | ||||
Total Non-U.S. |
38 | (10,738 rooms | ) | ||
(1) | Includes 26 home and condominium projects (2,706 units) for which we manage the related owners associations. |
Bulgari Hotels & Resorts. Through a joint venture with jeweler and luxury goods designer Bulgari SpA, we operate distinctive luxury hotel properties in prime locations under the name Bulgari Hotels & Resorts. The first property (58 rooms), the Bulgari Hotel Milano, opened in Milan, Italy, in 2004. The second property, the Bulgari Resort Bali, opened in late 2006 and includes 59 private villas, two restaurants, and comprehensive spa facilities. In November 2007, we opened two new restaurants in Tokyo, Japan, which we operate in connection with two new Bulgari retail stores. Other projects are currently in various stages of development in Europe, Asia, and North America.
EDITION. In 2007, we announced that we had entered into an agreement with hotel innovator Ian Schrager to create next-generation lifestyle boutique hotels to be designed by Schrager and operated by Marriott. The EDITION brand will offer a personal, intimate, individualized, and unique lodging experience on a global scale. The first EDITION hotel is expected to open in 2010.
Timeshare Segment Lodging Products
The Marriott Vacation Club (MVC) brand offers full-service villas featuring living and dining areas, one-, two-, and three-bedroom options, a full kitchen, and washer/dryer units. Customers may purchase a one-week interval or more at each resort. In 52 locations worldwide, this brand draws United States and international customers who vacation regularly with a focus on family, relaxation, and recreational activities. In the United States, in addition to other areas, MVC is located in beach and/or golf communities in Arizona, California, South Carolina, Florida, and Hawaii, in ski resorts in California, Colorado, and Utah, and in Las Vegas, Nevada. Internationally, MVC has resorts in Aruba, France, Spain, St. Thomas (U.S. Virgin Islands), the West Indies, and Thailand.
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club brand offers a luxury-tier fractional ownership product that combines the benefits of second-home ownership with personalized services and amenities. This brand is designed as a private club whose members have access to all The Ritz-Carlton Clubs, and is offered in ski, golf, and beach destinations in the Bahamas, California, Colorado, St. Thomas (U.S. Virgin Islands), Florida, and Hawaii. Customers have the option to purchase multiple-week intervals and points-based equity memberships.
The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand offers luxury-tier personal residences that combine the benefits of second-home ownership with personalized services and amenities. Typically located in golf or beach destinations, The Ritz-Carlton Residences developed by us are currently in sales at locations in the Bahamas, California, Florida, and Hawaii.
Grand Residences by Marriott is an upper-quality-tier fractional ownership and personal residence brand for corporate and leisure customers. This brand is currently offering ownership in projects located in Lake Tahoe, California, Panama City, Florida, Kauai, Hawaii, and London, England. Customers typically purchase three-to-13-week intervals.
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The Timeshare segments owner base continues to expand, with approximately 398,000 owners at year-end 2009, compared to approximately 391,000 at year-end 2008.
Timeshare (all brands) Geographic Distribution at Year-End 2009 |
Resorts | Units | ||
Continental United States |
46 | 8,897 | ||
Hawaii |
8 | 1,682 | ||
Caribbean |
7 | 1,048 | ||
Europe |
5 | 932 | ||
Asia |
3 | 332 | ||
Total |
69 | 12,891 | ||
New Lodging Products
Autograph Collection. In November 2009, we announced the launch of the Autograph Collection, a new brand within the Companys global portfolio that will be comprised of upper-upscale and luxury, independent hotels located in major cities and desired destinations worldwide.
The Autograph Collection will take the innovative approach of grouping these iconic hotels according to the unique experience that guests are seeking whether it is a resort, historic hotel, boutique arts, or urban-edge hotel in a dynamic gateway city. Each hotel will be unique and distinct with its own identity, appealing to a growing segment of our customers who are looking for an experience that an independent hotel can deliver.
We expect to sign contracts to add approximately 25 or more existing hotels to this portfolio through 2010, with locations throughout the world.
Other Activities
Marriott Golf manages 42 golf course facilities as part of our management of hotels and for other golf course owners.
We operate 13 systemwide hotel reservation centers, eight in the United States and Canada and five in other countries and territories, which handle reservation requests for our lodging brands worldwide, including franchised properties. We own one of the U.S. facilities and lease the others.
We focus on increasing value for the consumer and selling the way the customer wants to buy. Our Look No Further® Best Rate Guarantee gives customers access to the same rates whether they book through our telephone reservation system, our website, or any other Marriott reservation channel. Also key to our success is our strong Marriott Rewards loyalty program and our information-rich and easy-to-use www.Marriott.com website. Our reservation system manages and controls inventory availability and pricing set by our hotels and allows us to utilize online and offline agents where cost effective. With almost 3,500 hotels, economies of scale enable us to minimize costs per occupied room, drive profits for our owners, and enhance our fee revenue.
During 2009, we unveiled the first in a series of improvements to www.Marriott.com that will make it easier for guests to find and book hotels and manage their Marriott Rewards accounts online. With 75 percent of our guests saying they use our website when planning or booking their stay and with over $6 billion in annual property-level gross revenues, www.Marriott.com is one of the largest online retail sites. The upgrade to www.Marriott.com, which includes our North American website, as well as our international websites in the United Kingdom, Germany, China, Latin America, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Brazil and France, allows for faster bookings and one-click guest access to a Marriott Rewards® account. These changes are designed to generate more revenue and further reduce booking costs. The redesign extends to Marriotts industry-leading Travel Agent website (www.Marriott.com/travelagents), which includes new functionalities such as allowing travel agents easier access and booking of our rates and the ability to view commission statements online. Additionally, Marriotts certified Hotel Sales Specialists can create their own user-friendly name and password for easier navigation of the site.
Building on more than 20 years of energy conservation experience, we are committed to protecting the environment. Our Spirit to Preserve® environmental strategy calls for: greening our $10 billion supply chain; further reducing fuel and water consumption by 25 percent per available room; creating green construction standards for hotel developers to achieve LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certificationsan internationally recognized green building certification system designed by the U.S. Green Building Council; educating and inspiring employees and guests to support the environment; and helping protect the rainforest. Earlier in 2009, we invited guests to add to our $2 million commitment to help save the rainforest in Brazil.
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For new properties, we have introduced a green hotel prototype that is in the process of being pre-certified LEED compliant. The green hotel prototype will save owners approximately $100,000 and six months in design time, and reduce a hotels energy and water consumption by up to 25 percent, based on national averages. These savings, combined with incentives offered in many jurisdictions, could provide a payback for the LEED building investment in about two years. The U.S. Travel Association confirms that travelers place the importance of supporting environmentally responsible travel service suppliers as a necessity, even in an economic downturn.
Sales Force One, a sales deployment strategy that aligns sales efforts around customer needs, reduces duplication of sales efforts and enables coverage for a larger number of accounts. To support this strategy, we continue to realign our sales organization to provide total account management for group, business transient, extended-stay, and catering customers. The rollout of Sales Force One, which began in late 2007, is scheduled for completion by mid-2011. The realigned sales organization is known as Global Sales, which is made up of four components: Enterprise Sales, which is responsible for setting overall segment strategies and account-specific strategies for large corporate and association customers; Area Sales, assigned to a designated geographical area, and which is responsible for proactively selling a cross-brand portfolio; Property Sales, which is responsible for booking group and catering business that falls outside Sales Office parameters; and The Sales Office, which is responsible for evaluating and closing inbound leads, developing new business and executing event planning for select-service and extended-stay hotels.
Our Architecture and Construction (A&C) division provides design, development, construction, refurbishment, and procurement services to owners and franchisees of lodging properties on a voluntary basis outside the scope of and separate from our management or franchise contracts. Similar to third-party contractors, A&C provides these services for owners and franchisees of Marriott-branded properties on a fee basis.
Competition
We encounter strong competition both as a lodging operator and as a franchisor. We believe that by operating a number of hotels among our brands, we stay in direct touch with customers and react to changes in the marketplace more quickly than chains that rely exclusively on franchising. There are approximately 852 lodging management companies in the United States, including several that operate more than 100 properties. These operators are primarily private management firms, but also include several large national chains that own and operate their own hotels and also franchise their brands. Our management contracts are typically long-term in nature, but most allow the hotel owner to replace the management firm if certain financial or performance criteria are not met.
In the current economic environment, faced with significant reductions in demand, we have taken steps to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency. Due to the competitive nature of our industry, we have focused these efforts on areas that have limited or no impact on the guest experience. While additional cost reductions may become necessary to preserve operating margins, we would expect to implement any such efforts in a manner designed to maintain customer loyalty, owner preference, and associate satisfaction, to help maintain or increase our market share.
Affiliation with a national or regional brand is prevalent in the U.S. lodging industry. In 2009, approximately 69 percent of U.S. hotel rooms were brand-affiliated. Most of the branded properties are franchises, under which the operator pays the franchisor a fee for use of its hotel name and reservation system. The franchising business is concentrated, with the six largest franchisors operating multiple brands accounting for a significant proportion of all U.S. rooms.
Outside the United States, branding is much less prevalent and most markets are served primarily by independent operators, although branding is more common for new hotel development. We believe that chain affiliation will increase in overseas markets as local economies grow, trade barriers are reduced, international travel accelerates and hotel owners seek the economies of centralized reservation systems and marketing programs.
Based on lodging industry data, we have a 10 percent share of the U.S. hotel market (based on number of rooms) and we estimate less than a 1 percent share of the lodging market outside the United States. We believe that our hotel brands are attractive to hotel owners seeking a management company or franchise affiliation because our hotels typically generate higher occupancies and Revenue per Available Room (RevPAR) than our direct competitors in most market areas. We attribute this performance premium to our success in achieving and maintaining strong customer preference. We believe that the location and quality of our lodging facilities, our marketing programs, our reservation systems and our emphasis on guest service and guest and associate satisfaction are contributing factors across all of our brands.
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Properties that we operate or franchise are regularly upgraded to maintain their competitiveness. Most of our management agreements provide for the allocation of funds, generally a fixed percentage of revenue, for periodic renovation of buildings and replacement of furnishings. These ongoing refurbishment programs, along with periodic brand initiatives, are generally adequate to preserve or enhance the competitive position and earning power of the hotels and timeshare properties. Competitor hotels converting to one of Marriotts brands typically complete renovations as needed in conjunction with the conversion.
The vacation ownership industry is comprised of a number of highly competitive companies including several branded hotel companies. Since entering the timeshare industry in 1984, we have become a recognized leader in vacation ownership worldwide. Competition in the timeshare interval, fractional, and residential business is based primarily on the quality and location of timeshare resorts, trust in the brand, the pricing of product offerings, and the availability of program benefits, such as exchange programs. We believe that our focus on offering distinct vacation experiences, combined with our financial strength, diverse market presence, strong brands, and well-maintained properties, will enable us to remain competitive. Approximately 65 percent of our timeshare ownership resort sales came from additional purchases by or referrals from existing owners in 2009, as compared to 53 percent in 2008. The increase in 2009 reflected additional marketing and promotional efforts.
Marriott Rewards is our frequent guest program with over 32 million members and nine participating Marriott brands. The Marriott Rewards program yields repeat guest business by rewarding frequent stays with points toward free hotel stays and other rewards, or airline miles with any of 31 participating airline programs. We believe that Marriott Rewards generates substantial repeat business that might otherwise go to competing hotels. In 2009, approximately 50 percent of our room nights were purchased by Marriott Rewards members. In addition, the ability of timeshare owners to convert unused intervals into Marriott Rewards points enhances the competitive position of our timeshare brands. We continue to enhance our Marriott Rewards loyalty program offerings and specifically and strategically market to this large and growing customer base. In 2009, the Marriott Rewards program eliminated blackout dates at nearly 2,900 hotels worldwide, giving Marriott Rewards members greater access to redemption nights at the Companys brands. Our loyal Marriott Rewards member base is a low cost and high impact vehicle for our revenue generation efforts.
Discontinued Operations
Synthetic Fuel
Our synthetic fuel operation consisted of four coal-based synthetic fuel production facilities (the Facilities). Because tax credits under Section 45K of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) were not available for the production and sale of synthetic fuel produced from coal after calendar year-end 2007, we shut down the Facilities and permanently ceased production of synthetic fuel in late 2007. Accordingly, we now report this business segment as a discontinued operation. Contemporaneously with the shutdown, we transferred the Facilities to the lessors of the sites where the Facilities were located in exchange for the release of our obligations under the leases to restore the premises to their original conditions. The book value of the Facilities was zero at year-end 2007, as a result of the Facilities being transferred to the lessors. Costs associated with shutting down the synthetic fuel operation and transferring the Facilities to the site lessors were not material.
Employee Relations
At year-end 2009, we had approximately 137,000 employees, approximately 7,900 of whom were represented by labor unions. We believe relations with our employees are positive.
Environmental Compliance
The properties we operate or develop are subject to national, state and local laws and regulations that govern the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relate to protecting the environment. Those environmental provisions include requirements that address health and safety; the use, management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes; and emission or discharge of wastes or other materials. We believe that our operation of properties and our development of properties comply, in all material respects, with environmental laws and regulations. Our compliance with such provisions also has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position, nor do we anticipate that such compliance will have a material impact in the future.
Internet Address and Company SEC Filings
Our Internet address is www.Marriott.com. On the investor relations portion of our website, www.Marriott.com/investor, we provide a link to our electronic SEC filings, including our annual report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports. All such filings are available free of charge and are available as soon as reasonably practicable after filing. The information found on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with or furnish to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).
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Item 1A. | Risk Factors. |
Forward-Looking Statements
We make forward-looking statements in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this report based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements include information about our possible or assumed future results of operations, which follow under the headings Business and Overview, Liquidity and Capital Resources, and other statements throughout this report preceded by, followed by or that include the words believes, expects, anticipates, intends, plans, estimates or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, including the risks and uncertainties described below and other factors we describe from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC. We therefore caution you not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Risks and Uncertainties
We are subject to various risks that could have a negative effect on the Company and its financial condition. You should understand that these risks could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements contained in this report and in other Company communications. Because there is no way to determine in advance whether, or to what extent, any present uncertainty will ultimately impact our business, you should give equal weight to each of the following:
Lodging and Timeshare Industry Risks
Our industries are highly competitive, which may impact our ability to compete successfully with other hotel and timeshare properties for customers. We generally operate in markets that contain numerous competitors. Each of our hotel and timeshare brands competes with major hotel chains in national and international venues and with independent companies in regional markets. Our ability to remain competitive and to attract and retain business and leisure travelers depends on our success in distinguishing the quality, value, and efficiency of our lodging products and services from those offered by others. If we are unable to compete successfully in these areas, this could limit our operating margins, diminish our market share, and reduce our earnings.
We are subject to the range of operating risks common to the hotel, timeshare, and corporate apartment industries. The profitability of the hotels, vacation timeshare resorts, and corporate apartments that we operate or franchise may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including:
(1) | the availability of and demand for hotel rooms, timeshare interval, fractional ownership, and residential products, and apartments; |
(2) | pricing strategies of our competitors; |
(3) | international, national, and regional economic and geopolitical conditions; |
(4) | the impact of war, actual or threatened terrorist activity and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to war, terrorist activity or threats; |
(5) | the desirability of particular locations and changes in travel patterns; |
(6) | travelers fears of exposure to contagious diseases, such as H1N1 Flu, Avian Flu and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS); |
(7) | the occurrence of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes; |
(8) | taxes and government regulations that influence or determine wages, prices, interest rates, construction procedures, and costs; |
(9) | the costs and administrative burdens associated with compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including, among others, those associated with franchising, timeshare, lending, privacy, marketing and sales, licensing, labor, employment, immigration, the environment, and the U.S. Department of the Treasurys Office of Foreign Asset Control and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; |
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(10) | the availability and cost of capital to allow us and potential hotel owners and joint venture partners to fund investments; |
(11) | regional and national development of competing properties; |
(12) | increases in wages and other labor costs, energy, healthcare, insurance, transportation and fuel, and other expenses central to the conduct of our business or the cost of travel for our customers, including recent increases in energy costs and any resulting increase in travel costs or decrease in airline capacity; |
(13) | organized labor activities, which could cause the diversion of business from hotels involved in labor negotiations, loss of group business, and/or increased labor costs; |
(14) | foreign currency exchange fluctuations; and |
(15) | trademark or intellectual property infringement. |
Any one or more of these factors could limit or reduce the demand or the prices our hotels are able to obtain for hotel rooms, timeshare units, residential units, and corporate apartments or could increase our costs and therefore reduce the profit of our lodging businesses. Reduced demand for hotels could also give rise to losses under loans, guarantees, and noncontrolling equity investments that we have made in connection with hotels that we manage. Even where such factors do not reduce demand, property-level profit margins may suffer if we are unable to fully recover increased operating costs from our guests. Similarly, our fee revenue could be impacted by weak property-level revenue or profitability.
Our hotel management and franchise agreements may also be subject to premature termination in certain circumstances, such as the bankruptcy of a hotel owner or franchisee, or a failure under some agreements to meet specified financial or performance criteria that are subject to the risks described in this section, which the Company fails or elects not to cure. A significant loss of agreements due to premature terminations could hurt our financial performance or our ability to grow our business.
Current general economic conditions and the slowdown in the lodging and timeshare industries will continue to impact our financial results and growth. The present weak economic conditions in the United States, Europe and much of the rest of the world and the uncertainty over the duration of that weakness and the prospects for recovery will continue to have a negative impact on the lodging and timeshare industries. As a result of current economic conditions, we continue to experience reduced demand for our hotel rooms and timeshare products. Accordingly, our financial results have been impacted by the economic slowdown, and we expect that our future financial results and growth will be further harmed until a meaningful recovery is well under way.
Operational Risks
Our lodging operations are subject to international, national, and regional conditions. Because we conduct our business on a national and international platform, our activities are susceptible to changes in the performance of regional and global economies. In recent years, our business has been hurt by decreases in travel resulting from recent economic conditions, the military action in Iraq, and the heightened travel security measures that have resulted from the threat of further terrorism. Our future economic performance is similarly affected by the economic environment in the United States and other regions, which remains affected by the current worldwide economic weakness, the resulting unknown pace of business travel, and the occurrence of any future incidents in the countries where we operate.
The growing significance of our operations outside of the United States also makes us increasingly susceptible to the risks of doing business internationally, which could lower our revenues, increase our costs, reduce our profits or disrupt our business. We currently operate or franchise hotels and resorts in 68 countries, our operations outside the United States represented approximately 16 percent of our revenues in 2009, and we expect that the international share of our total revenues will increase in future years. As a result, we are increasingly exposed to a number of challenges and risks associated with doing business outside the United States, including those listed below, any of which could reduce our revenues or profits, increase our costs, or disrupt our business: (1) compliance with complex and changing laws, regulations and policies of foreign governments that may impact our operations, including foreign ownership restrictions, import and export controls, and trade restrictions; (2) compliance with U.S. laws that affect the activities of U.S. companies abroad; (3) limitations on our ability to repatriate non-U.S. earnings in a tax effective manner; (4) the difficulties involved in managing an organization doing business in many different countries; (5) uncertainties as to the enforceability of contract and intellectual property rights under local laws; and (6) rapid changes in government policy, political or civil unrest, acts of terrorism or the threat of international boycotts or U.S. anti-boycott legislation.
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New branded hotel products that we launch in the future may not be successful. We may in the future launch additional branded hotel products. We cannot assure that our recently launched EDITION and The Autograph Collection brands or new hotel products we may launch in the future will be accepted by hotel owners, potential franchisees, or the traveling public, that we will recover the costs we incurred in developing the brands, or that the brands will be successful. In addition, some of these new brands involve or may involve cooperation and/or consultation with a third party, including some shared control over product design and development, sales and marketing, and brand standards. Disagreements with these third parties regarding areas of consultation or shared control could slow the development of these new brands and/or impair our ability to take actions we believe to be advisable for the success and profitability of such brands.
Risks relating to natural disasters, contagious disease, terrorist activity, and war could reduce the demand for lodging, which may adversely affect our revenues. So called Acts of God, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural disasters and the spread of contagious diseases, such as H1N1 Flu, Avian Flu, and SARS, in locations where we own, manage or franchise significant properties, and areas of the world from which we draw a large number of customers can cause a decline in the level of business and leisure travel and reduce the demand for lodging. Actual or threatened war, terrorist activity, political unrest, civil strife, and other geopolitical uncertainty can have a similar effect. Any one or more of these events may reduce the overall demand for hotel rooms, timeshare units, and corporate apartments or limit the prices that we are able to obtain for them, both of which could adversely affect our profits.
Unresolved disputes with the owners of the hotels that we manage or franchise may result in litigation. Consistent with our focus on management and franchising, we own very few of our lodging properties. The nature of our responsibilities under our management agreements to manage each hotel and enforce the standards required for our brands under both management and franchise agreements may be subject to interpretation and will from time to time give rise to disagreements. Such disagreements may be more likely as hotel returns are depressed as a result of current economic conditions. We seek to resolve any disagreements in order to develop and maintain positive relations with current and potential hotel owners and joint venture partners but are not always able to do so. Failure to resolve such disagreements has resulted in litigation, and could do so in the future. If any such litigation results in a significant adverse judgment, settlement or court order, we could suffer significant losses, our profits could be reduced, or our future ability to operate our business could be constrained.
Damage to, or other potential losses involving, properties that we own, manage or franchise may not be covered by insurance. We have comprehensive property and liability insurance policies with coverage features and insured limits that we believe are customary. Market forces beyond our control may nonetheless limit the scope of insurance coverage that we can obtain and our ability to obtain coverage at reasonable rates. Certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, or terrorist acts, may be uninsurable or too expensive to justify obtaining insurance. As a result, we may not be successful in obtaining insurance without increases in cost or decreases in coverage levels. In addition, in the event of a substantial loss, the insurance coverage we carry may not be sufficient to pay the full market value or replacement cost of our lost investment or that of hotel owners or in some cases could result in certain losses being totally uninsured. As a result, we could lose some or all of the capital we have invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property, and we could remain obligated for guarantees, debt, or other financial obligations related to the property.
Development and Financing Risks
While we are predominantly a manager and franchisor of hotel properties, we depend on capital to buy, develop, and improve hotels and to develop timeshare properties, and we or our hotel owners may be unable to access capital when necessary. In order to fund new hotel investments, as well as refurbish and improve existing hotels, both the Company and current and potential hotel owners must periodically spend money. The availability of funds for new investments and improvement of existing hotels depends in large measure on capital markets and liquidity factors, over which we can exert little control. Ongoing instability in the financial markets following the 2008 worldwide financial crisis and the contraction of available liquidity and leverage continue to constrain the capital markets for hotel and real estate investments. As a result, while lenders have shown a willingness to work with borrowers to extend relief in the short to medium term, many current and prospective hotel owners are still finding new hotel financing on commercially viable terms to be challenging. Our ability to recover loan and guarantee advances from hotel operations or from owners through the proceeds of hotel sales, refinancing of debt or otherwise may also affect our ability to recycle and raise new capital. In addition, any further downgrade of our credit ratings by Standard & Poors, Moodys Investor Service, Fitch Ratings, or other rating agencies could reduce our availability of capital or increase our cost of capital.
Our growth strategy depends upon third-party owners/operators, and future arrangements with these third parties may be less favorable. Our present growth strategy for development of additional lodging facilities entails entering into and maintaining various arrangements with property owners. The terms of our management agreements, franchise agreements, and leases for each of our lodging facilities are influenced by contract terms offered by our
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competitors, among other things. We cannot assure you that any of our current arrangements will continue or that we will be able to enter into future collaborations, renew agreements, or enter into new agreements in the future on terms that are as favorable to us as those that exist today.
Our ability to grow our management and franchise systems is subject to the range of risks associated with real estate investments. Our ability to sustain continued growth through management or franchise agreements for new hotels and the conversion of existing facilities to managed or franchised Marriott brands is affected, and may potentially be limited, by a variety of factors influencing real estate development generally. These include site availability, financing, planning, zoning and other local approvals, and other limitations that may be imposed by market and submarket factors, such as projected room occupancy, changes in growth in demand compared to projected supply, territorial restrictions in our management and franchise agreements, costs of construction, and anticipated room rate structure.
Our development activities expose us to project cost, completion, and resale risks. We develop new hotel, timeshare interval, fractional ownership, and residential properties, both directly and through partnerships, joint ventures, and other business structures with third parties. As demonstrated by the 2009 impairment charges associated with our Timeshare business, our ongoing involvement in the development of properties presents a number of risks, including that: (1) continued weakness in the capital markets may limit our ability, or that of third parties with whom we do business, to raise capital for completion of projects that have commenced or for development of future properties; (2) properties that we develop could become less attractive due to further decreases in demand for residential, fractional or interval ownership, increases in mortgage rates and/or decreases in mortgage availability, market absorption or oversupply, with the result that we may not be able to sell such properties for a profit or at the prices or selling pace we anticipate, potentially requiring additional changes in our pricing strategy that could result in further charges; (3) construction delays, cost overruns, lender financial defaults, or so called Acts of God such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or fires may increase overall project costs or result in project cancellations; and (4) we may be unable to recover development costs we incur for these projects that are not pursued to completion.
Development activities that involve our co-investment with third parties may result in disputes that could increase project costs, impair project operations, or increase project completion risks. Partnerships, joint ventures, and other business structures involving our co-investment with third parties generally include some form of shared control over the operations of the business and create additional risks, including the possibility that other investors in such ventures could become bankrupt or otherwise lack the financial resources to meet their obligations, or could have or develop business interests, policies or objectives that are inconsistent with ours. Although we actively seek to minimize such risks before investing in partnerships, joint ventures or similar structures, actions by another investor may present additional risks of project delay, increased project costs, or operational difficulties following project completion. Such disputes may also be more likely in the current difficult business environment.
Other Risks Associated with Timeshare and Residential Properties
Disruption in the credit markets could impair our ability to sell the loans that our Timeshare business generates. Our Timeshare business provides financing to purchasers of our timeshare and fractional properties, and we periodically sell interests in those loans in the securities markets. Disruption in the credit markets in the second half of 2008 and much of 2009 impaired the timing and volume of the timeshare loans that we sell, as well as the financial terms of such sales. Deteriorating market conditions resulted in the delay of a planned fourth quarter 2008 sale to the 2009 first quarter with terms that were less favorable to us than they had been historically and higher sales costs to us than we had originally anticipated. Market conditions improved throughout 2009 and we successfully completed a sale in the fourth quarter of 2009 on terms that were substantially more favorable than the first quarter 2009 transaction. Nonetheless, financial markets have not returned to pre-2008 conditions and another deterioration could delay future sales, sharply increase their cost to us, or prevent us from selling our timeshare notes entirely. Delays in note sales or increases in sale costs could cause us to reduce spending in order to maintain our leverage and return targets, and could also result in increased borrowing to provide capital to replace proceeds from such sales.
Risks associated with development and sale of residential properties that are associated with our lodging and timeshare properties or brands may reduce our profits. In certain hotel and timeshare projects we participate, through noncontrolling interests and/or licensing fees, in the development and sale of residential properties associated with our brands, including luxury residences, and condominiums under our Ritz-Carlton and Marriott brands. Such projects pose additional risks beyond those generally associated with our lodging and timeshare businesses, which may reduce our profits or compromise our brand equity, including the following:
| Recent decreases in residential real estate, vacation home prices, and demand generally will continue to reduce our profits and could result in losses on residential sales, increase our carrying costs due to a slower pace of sales than we anticipated, and could make it more difficult to convince future hotel development partners of the value added by our brands; |
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| Increases in interest rates, reductions in mortgage availability, or increases in the costs of residential ownership could prevent potential customers from buying residential products or reduce the prices they are willing to pay; and |
| Residential construction may be subject to warranty and liability claims, and the costs of resolving such claims may be significant. |
Purchase defaults on the loans our Timeshare business generates could reduce our Timeshare revenues and profits. We are also subject to the risk of default on the financing we provide to purchasers of our timeshare and fractional properties. Purchaser defaults could force us to foreclose on the loan and reclaim ownership of the financed property, both for loans that we have not securitized and in our role as servicer for the loans we have sold in the securities markets. If we cannot resell foreclosed properties in a timely manner or at a price sufficient to repay the loans and our costs, we could incur losses, impairment charges on loans we have yet to securitize or our residual interest in loans that we have securitized.
Technology, Information Protection, and Privacy Risks
A failure to keep pace with developments in technology could impair our operations or competitive position. The lodging and timeshare industries continue to demand the use of sophisticated technology and systems, including those used for our reservation, revenue management and property management systems, our Marriott Rewards program, and technologies we make available to our guests. These technologies and systems must be refined, updated, and/or replaced with more advanced systems on a regular basis. If we are unable to do so as quickly as our competitors or within budgeted costs and time frames, our business could suffer. We also may not achieve the benefits that we anticipate from any new technology or system, and a failure to do so could result in higher than anticipated costs or could impair our operating results.
An increase in the use of third-party Internet services to book online hotel reservations could adversely impact our revenues. Some of our hotel rooms are booked through Internet travel intermediaries such as Expedia.com®, Travelocity.com®, and Orbitz.com®, as well as lesser-known online travel service providers. These intermediaries initially focused on leisure travel, but now also provide offerings for corporate travel and group meetings. Although Marriotts Look No Further® Best Rate Guarantee has greatly reduced the ability of intermediaries to undercut the published rates at our hotels, intermediaries continue to use a variety of aggressive online marketing methods to attract customers, including the purchase, by certain companies, of trademarked online keywords such as Marriott from Internet search engines such as Google®, Bing® and Yahoo® to steer customers toward their websites (a practice currently being challenged by various trademark owners in federal court). Although Marriott has successfully limited these practices through contracts with key online intermediaries, the number of intermediaries and related companies that drive traffic to intermediaries websites is too large to permit us to eliminate this risk entirely. Our business and profitability could be harmed if online intermediaries succeed in significantly shifting loyalties from our lodging brands to their travel services, diverting bookings away from www.Marriott.com, or through their fees increasing the overall cost of Internet bookings for our hotels.
Failure to maintain the integrity of internal or customer data could result in faulty business decisions, damage of reputation and/or subject us to costs, fines, or lawsuits. Our businesses require collection and retention of large volumes of internal and customer data, including credit card numbers and other personally identifiable information of our customers as they are entered into, processed by, summarized by, and reported by our various information systems and those of our service providers. We also maintain personally identifiable information about our employees. The integrity and protection of that customer, employee, and company data is critical to us. If that data is inaccurate or incomplete, we could make faulty decisions. Our customers and employees also have a high expectation that their personal information will be adequately protected by ourselves or our service providers, and the regulatory environment surrounding information, security and privacy is increasingly demanding, in both the United States and other jurisdictions in which we operate. A significant theft, loss, or fraudulent use of customer, employee, or company data by us or by a service provider could adversely impact our reputation and could result in remedial and other expenses, fines, and litigation.
Changes in privacy law could adversely affect our ability to market our products effectively. We rely on a variety of direct marketing techniques, including telemarketing, email marketing, and postal mailings. Any further restrictions in laws such as the Telemarketing Sales Rule, CANSPAM Act, and various U.S. state laws, or new federal laws, regarding marketing and solicitation or international data protection laws that govern these activities could adversely affect the continuing effectiveness of telemarketing, email, and postal mailing techniques and could force further changes in our marketing strategy. If this occurs, we may not be able to develop adequate alternative marketing strategies, which could impact the amount and timing of our sales of timeshare units and other products.
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We also obtain access to potential customers from travel service providers or other companies with whom we have substantial relationships and market to some individuals on these lists directly or by including our marketing message in the other companys marketing materials. If access to these lists was prohibited or otherwise restricted, our ability to develop new customers, and introduce them to our products could be impaired.
Other Risks
Changes in tax and other laws and regulations could reduce our profits or increase our costs. Our businesses are subject to regulation under a wide variety of U.S. federal and state and foreign laws, regulations and policies. In response to the recent economic crisis and the current recession, we anticipate that many of the jurisdictions in which we do business will review tax and other revenue raising laws, regulations and policies, and any resulting changes could impose new restrictions, costs or prohibitions on our current practices and reduce our profits. In particular, U.S. and foreign governments may revise tax laws, regulations or official interpretations in ways that could have a significant impact on us, including modifications that could reduce the profits that we can effectively realize from our non-U.S. operations or that could require costly changes to those operations or the way in which they are structured. For example, most U.S. company effective tax rates reflect the fact that income earned and reinvested outside the United States is generally taxed at local rates, which are often much lower than U.S. tax rates. If changes in tax laws, regulations or interpretations were to significantly increase the tax rates on non-U.S. income, our effective tax rate could increase, our profits could be reduced, and if such increases were a result of our status as a U.S. company, could place us at a disadvantage to our non-U.S. competitors if those competitors remain subject to lower local tax rates.
If we cannot attract and retain talented associates, our business could suffer. We compete with other companies both within and outside of our industry for talented personnel. If we are not able to recruit, train, develop, and retain sufficient numbers of talented associates, we could experience increased associate turnover, decreased guest satisfaction, low morale, inefficiency, or internal control failures. Insufficient numbers of talented associates could also limit our ability to grow and expand our businesses.
Delaware law and our governing corporate documents contain, and our Board of Directors could implement, anti-takeover provisions that could deter takeover attempts. Under the Delaware business combination statute, a stockholder holding 15 percent or more of our outstanding voting stock could not acquire us without Board of Directors consent for at least three years after the date the stockholder first held 15 percent or more of the voting stock. Our governing corporate documents also, among other things, require supermajority votes in connection with mergers and similar transactions. In addition, our Board of Directors could, without stockholder approval, implement other anti-takeover defenses, such as a stockholders rights plan to replace the stockholders rights plan that expired in March 2008.
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments. |
None.
Item 2. | Properties. |
Company-operated properties are described in Part I, Item 1. Business, earlier in this report. We believe our properties are in generally good physical condition with the need for only routine repairs and maintenance and periodic capital improvements. Most of our regional offices and reservation centers, both domestically and internationally, are located in leased facilities. We also lease space in six office buildings with combined space of approximately 1.3 million square feet in Maryland and Florida where our corporate, Ritz-Carlton, and Marriott Vacation Club International headquarters are located.
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings. |
From time to time, we are subject to certain legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including adjustments proposed during governmental examinations of the various tax returns we file. While management presently believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm the companys financial position, cash flows, or overall trends in results of operations, legal proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings could occur that could have individually or in aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.
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Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. |
No matters were submitted to a vote of shareholders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
See Part III, Item 10 of this report for information about our executive officers.
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Item 5. | Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. |
Market Information and Dividends
The range of prices of our common stock and cash dividends declared per share for each quarterly period within the last two years are as follows:
Stock Price |
Cash Dividends Declared Per Share (1) | ||||||||
High | Low | ||||||||
2008 First Quarter |
$ | 37.59 | $ | 31.17 | $ | 0.0742 | |||
Second Quarter |
37.89 | 28.33 | 0.0866 | ||||||
Third Quarter |
30.27 | 22.12 | 0.0866 | ||||||
Fourth Quarter |
30.24 | 11.88 | 0.0866 | ||||||
Stock Price |
Cash Dividends Declared Per Share (1) | ||||||||
High | Low | ||||||||
2009 First Quarter |
$ | 22.12 | $ | 12.22 | $ | 0.0866 | |||
Second Quarter |
25.23 | 15.97 | | ||||||
Third Quarter |
25.49 | 18.94 | | ||||||
Fourth Quarter |
28.50 | 24.14 | |
(1) | For periods prior to the stock dividends that were declared during 2009, all per share data in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock dividends. See the Basis of Presentation caption in Footnote No. 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for additional information regarding the stock dividends. |
As discussed in Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, weak economic conditions in much of the world, instability in the financial markets, and weak consumer confidence all contributed to a difficult business environment in 2009. We responded aggressively to the economic climate by reducing costs and lowering investment spending throughout the company, and taking decisive measures to enhance our liquidity and manage our balance sheet. Accordingly, our Board of Directors (the Board) declared stock dividends, rather than cash dividends, in each of the 2009 second, third and fourth quarters. While the Board again declared a cash dividend of $0.04 per share on February 4, 2010, the Board each quarter considers whether and in what form to declare a dividend.
At January 29, 2010, there were 358,522,350 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding held by 44,867 shareholders of record. Our Class A Common Stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange. The fiscal year-end closing price for our stock was $27.25 on December 31, 2009, and $20.06 on January 2, 2009. All prices are reported on the consolidated transaction reporting system.
Fourth Quarter 2009 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On August 2, 2007, we announced that our Board of Directors increased, by 40 million shares, the authorization to repurchase our Class A Common Stock for a total outstanding authorization of approximately 51 million shares on that date. We repurchase shares in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions. We did not repurchase any shares during the 2009 fourth quarter. As of year-end 2009, the maximum number of shares that may be purchased under our authorization was 21.3 million.
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Item 6. | Selected Financial Data. |
The following table presents a summary of selected historical financial data for the Company derived from our financial statements as of and for our last 10 fiscal years.
Since the information in this table is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our financial statements, including the related notes, you should read Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our Consolidated Financial Statements in our Form 10-K for each respective year for more detailed information including, among other items, restructuring costs and other charges incurred in 2001, 2008, and 2009, and timeshare strategy-impairment charges incurred in 2009.
Fiscal Year (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions, except per share data) |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Statement Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues (2) |
$ | 10,908 | $ | 12,879 | $ | 12,990 | $ | 11,995 | $ | 11,129 | $ | 9,778 | $ | 8,712 | $ | 8,222 | $ | 7,768 | $ | 7,911 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating (loss) income (2) (7) |
$ | (152 | ) | $ | 765 | $ | 1,183 | $ | 1,089 | $ | 671 | $ | 579 | $ | 476 | $ | 448 | $ | 371 | $ | 758 | |||||||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations attributable to Marriott |
$ | (346 | ) | $ | 359 | $ | 697 | $ | 712 | $ | 543 | $ | 487 | $ | 380 | $ | 365 | $ | 269 | $ | 490 | |||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (3) |
| | | (109 | ) | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations (4) |
| 3 | (1 | ) | 5 | 126 | 109 | 122 | (88 | ) | (33 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to Marriott |
$ | (346 | ) | $ | 362 | $ | 696 | $ | 608 | $ | 669 | $ | 596 | $ | 502 | $ | 277 | $ | 236 | $ | 479 | |||||||||||||||
Per Share Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted (losses) earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Marriott shareholders (6) |
$ | (0.97 | ) | $ | 0.97 | $ | 1.73 | $ | 1.64 | $ | 1.16 | $ | 1.01 | $ | 0.76 | $ | 0.71 | $ | 0.51 | $ | 0.95 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted losses per share from cumulative effect of accounting change (6) |
| | | (0.25 | ) | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings (losses) per share from discontinued operations attributable to Marriott shareholders (6) |
| 0.01 | | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.25 | (0.17 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.02 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted (losses) earnings per share attributable to Marriott shareholders (6) |
$ | (0.97 | ) | $ | 0.98 | $ | 1.73 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 1.43 | $ | 1.23 | $ | 1.01 | $ | 0.54 | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.93 | |||||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared per share (6) |
$ | 0.0866 | $ | 0.3339 | $ | 0.2844 | $ | 0.2374 | $ | 0.1979 | $ | 0.1632 | $ | 0.1459 | $ | 0.1360 | $ | 0.1261 | $ | 0.1163 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (at year-end): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 7,933 | $ | 8,903 | $ | 8,942 | $ | 8,588 | $ | 8,530 | $ | 8,668 | $ | 8,177 | $ | 8,296 | $ | 9,107 | $ | 8,237 | ||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (2) |
2,234 | 2,975 | 2,790 | 1,818 | 1,681 | 836 | 1,391 | 1,553 | 2,708 | 1,908 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareholders equity |
1,142 | 1,380 | 1,429 | 2,618 | 3,252 | 4,081 | 3,838 | 3,573 | 3,478 | 3,267 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Base management fees (2) |
$ | 530 | $ | 635 | $ | 620 | $ | 553 | $ | 497 | $ | 435 | $ | 388 | $ | 379 | $ | 372 | $ | 383 | ||||||||||||||||
Franchise fees (2) |
400 | 451 | 439 | 390 | 329 | 296 | 245 | 232 | 220 | 208 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incentive management fees (2) |
154 | 311 | 369 | 281 | 201 | 142 | 109 | 162 | 202 | 316 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total fees |
$ | 1,084 | $ | 1,397 | $ | 1,428 | $ | 1,224 | $ | 1,027 | $ | 873 | $ | 742 | $ | 773 | $ | 794 | $ | 907 | ||||||||||||||||
Fee Revenue-Source: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North America (5) |
$ | 806 | $ | 1,038 | $ | 1,115 | $ | 955 | $ | 809 | $ | 682 | $ | 592 | $ | 626 | $ | 664 | $ | 779 | ||||||||||||||||
Outside North America |
278 | 359 | 313 | 269 | 218 | 191 | 150 | 147 | 130 | 128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total fees |
$ | 1,084 | $ | 1,397 | $ | 1,428 | $ | 1,224 | $ | 1,027 | $ | 873 | $ | 742 | $ | 773 | $ | 794 | $ | 907 | ||||||||||||||||
(1) | All fiscal years included 52 weeks, except for 2008 and 2002, which each included 53 weeks. |
(2) | Balances do not reflect the impact of discontinued operations. |
(3) | We adopted Statement of Position 04-2, Accounting for Real Estate Time Sharing Transactions, in our 2006 first quarter, which we reported in our Consolidated Statements of Income as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle. |
(4) | In 2002, we announced our intent to sell, and subsequently did sell, our Senior Living Services business and exited our Distribution Services business. In 2007, we exited our synthetic fuel business. These businesses are now reflected as discontinued operations. |
(5) | Includes the continental United States and Canada. |
(6) | For periods prior to the stock dividends issued in the third and fourth quarters of 2009, all per share data have been retroactively adjusted to reflect stock dividends. Additionally, for periods prior to 2006, all per share data have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the June 9, 2006, stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend. |
(7) | We have reclassified the provision for loan losses for all periods presented to General, administrative and other within Operating (loss) income from its own caption below Operating (loss) income. See Footnote No. 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information. |
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Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
BUSINESS AND OVERVIEW
We are a worldwide operator and franchisor of 3,420 properties (595,461 rooms) and related facilities. The figures in the preceding sentence are as of year-end 2009 and include 30 home and condominium products (3,034 units) for which we manage the related owners associations. In addition, we provided 2,072 furnished corporate housing rental units, which are not included in the totals.
Our operations are grouped into five business segments: North American Full-Service Lodging, North American Limited-Service Lodging, International Lodging, Luxury Lodging, and Timeshare. We operate, develop, and franchise under numerous separate brand names in 68 countries and territories.
We earn base, incentive, and franchise fees based upon the terms of our management and franchise agreements. We earn revenues from the limited number of hotels we own or lease. We also generate revenues from the following sources associated with our Timeshare segment: (1) selling timeshare interval, fractional ownership, and residential properties; (2) operating the resorts and residential properties; (3) financing customer purchases of timesharing intervals; and (4) rentals. Finally, we earn fees in association with affinity card endorsements and the sale of branded residential real estate.
We sell residential real estate either in conjunction with luxury hotel development or on a stand-alone basis under The Ritz-Carlton brand (The Ritz-Carlton Residences), and in conjunction with Timeshare segment projects (The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club and Grand Residences by Marriott-Residential). Our Timeshare segment residential projects are typically opened over time. Other residences are typically constructed and sold by third-party developers with limited amounts, if any, of our capital at risk. While the worldwide residential market is very large, the luxurious nature of our residential properties, the quality and exclusivity associated with our brands, and the hospitality services that we provide, all serve to make our residential properties distinctive.
Lodging
Weak economic conditions in the United States, Europe and much of the rest of the world, instability in the financial markets following the worldwide financial crisis that began in 2008, and weak consumer confidence all contributed to a difficult business environment in 2009. Lodging demand in the United States, as well as internationally, remained soft throughout 2009, as a result of weak economic conditions, while hotel room supply increased in several markets. Demand for our luxury properties remained particularly weak. Outside the United States, concerns in the latter half of 2009 regarding the H1N1 virus also hurt demand, particularly in Mexico, as well as in some markets in Asia, the Caribbean and South America.
We experienced continued weakness in 2009 associated with both group and business transient demand. New group meeting cancellations moderated progressively throughout 2009 as compared to the 2008 fourth quarter. New near-term group bookings remain soft, although they improved somewhat, particularly in the 2009 fourth quarter. While we continued to experience significant attrition rates in 2009 from expected attendance at meetings, that moderated somewhat in the latter half of 2009. Non-corporate demand, which remained weak in the 2009 first quarter, improved in the 2009 second quarter and even more so in the 2009 third and fourth quarters, largely as a result of significant promotional efforts and discounting aimed at replacing weak corporate business with leisure, government, and other discounted transient business. Through these challenging times, our strategy and focus continues to be to preserve profit margins by driving revenue, increasing our market share and managing costs.
Responding to the weak demand environment for hotel rooms, we continue to deploy a range of new sales promotions with a focus on leisure and group business opportunities to increase both property-level revenue and market share. We monitor market conditions continuously and are able to quickly institute high impact and low cost sales promotions as needed. These promotions are designed both to reward and retain loyal customers and to attract new guests. www.Marriott.com and our loyal Marriott Rewards member base are both low cost and high impact vehicles for our revenue generation efforts. In response to increased hesitancy to finalize group bookings, we also implemented sales associate, meeting planner, and customer incentives to close on new group business.
As more customers use social media, we have also found new ways to connect, communicating with our customers on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and through our blog Marriott on the Move. We also continue to enhance our Marriott Rewards loyalty program offerings and specifically and strategically market to this large and growing customer base. With a goal of continuing to improve the overall guest service experience, we improved www.Marriott.com in 2009 by redesigning the website to significantly enhance its functionality and modernize its appearance.
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Properties in our system instituted and are maintaining very tight cost controls. Given the current weak demand environment, we continue to work aggressively to reduce costs and enhance property-level house profit margins by modifying menus and restaurant hours, reviewing and adjusting room amenities, relaxing some brand standards for hotels, cross-training personnel, utilizing personnel at multiple properties where feasible, eliminating certain positions, and not filling some vacant positions. We have also reduced above-property costs, which are allocated to hotels, by scaling back systems, processing, and support areas. In addition, we have eliminated or not filled certain above-property positions, and have encouraged, or, where legally permitted, required employees to use their vacation time accrued during the 2009 fiscal year.
Our lodging business model involves managing and franchising hotels, rather than owning them. At year-end 2009, 46 percent of the hotel rooms in our system were operated under management agreements, 52 percent were operated under franchise agreements, and 2 percent were owned or leased by us. Our emphasis on management contracts and franchising tends to provide more stable earnings in periods of economic softness while continued unit expansion, reflecting properties added to our system, generates ongoing growth. With long-term management and franchise agreements, this strategy has allowed substantial growth while reducing financial leverage and risk in a cyclical industry. Additionally, we maintain financial flexibility by minimizing our capital investments and adopting a strategy of recycling those investments we do make.
We calculate RevPAR by dividing room sales for comparable properties by room nights available to guests for the period. We consider RevPAR to be a meaningful indicator of our performance because it measures the period-over-period change in room revenues for comparable properties. RevPAR may not be comparable to similarly titled measures, such as revenues. References to RevPAR throughout this report are in constant dollars, unless otherwise noted.
Company-operated house profit margin is the ratio of property-level gross operating profit (also known as house profit) to total property-level revenue. We consider house profit margin to be a meaningful indicator of our performance because this ratio measures our overall ability as the operator to produce property-level profits by generating sales and controlling the operating expenses over which we have the most direct control. Gross operating profit includes room, food and beverage, and other revenue and the related expenses including payroll and benefits expenses, as well as repairs and maintenance, utility, general and administrative, and sales and marketing expenses. Gross operating profit does not include the impact of management fees, furniture, fixtures and equipment replacement reserves, insurance, taxes, or other fixed expenses.
For our North American comparable company-operated properties, RevPAR decreased by 18.5 percent in 2009, compared to 2008, reflecting weakness in most markets. Our 2009 fiscal year began on January 3, 2009, and included 52 weeks while the prior year included 53 weeks and two New Years holidays. If RevPAR for 2008 was calculated for the 52 week period ended January 2, 2009, RevPAR would have declined by an average of 19.3 percent for our North American comparable company-operated properties. For our comparable managed properties outside North America, RevPAR for 2009 decreased 18.0 percent versus 2008, with weakness in most markets around the world.
Compared to 2008, worldwide comparable company-operated house profit margins for 2009 decreased by 380 basis points reflecting the impact of RevPAR declines from weak demand, partially offset by strong cost control plans in 2009 at properties in our system.
Timeshare
Weak economic conditions, instability in the financial markets, and low consumer confidence also kept demand for timeshare intervals soft in 2009. Demand for fractional and residential units was particularly weak. As a result, we slowed or canceled some development projects and closed less efficient timeshare sales offices in 2008 and 2009. We also increased marketing efforts and purchase incentives and eliminated or did not fill certain positions in 2008 and 2009. During the 2009 second and third quarters, we were able to increase sales over the 2009 first quarter through various sales promotions, including pricing adjustments. As with Lodging, our Timeshare properties have instituted very tight cost controls, and we have eliminated or not filled certain positions, and have encouraged, or, where legally permitted, required employees to use their vacation time accrued during the 2009 fiscal year. For additional information on our company-wide restructuring efforts, see our Restructuring Costs and Other Charges caption later in this Managements Discussion and Analysis section.
In response to the difficult business conditions that the Timeshare segments businesses continued to experience, we evaluated our entire Timeshare segment portfolio in the 2009 third quarter. In order to adjust the business strategy to reflect current market conditions at that time, on September 22, 2009, we approved plans for our Timeshare segment to stimulate sales, accelerate cash flow, and reduce investment spending. These decisions resulted in our recording 2009 third quarter pretax charges totaling $752 million ($502 million after-tax). We discuss these charges in more detail under the caption Timeshare Strategy-Impairment Charges later in this Managements Discussion and Analysis section.
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Since the sale of timeshare and fractional intervals and condominiums follows the percentage-of-completion accounting method, soft demand frequently is not reflected in our Timeshare segment results until later accounting periods. Intentional and unintentional construction delays could also reduce nearer-term Timeshare segment results as percentage-of-completion revenue recognition may correspondingly be delayed as well.
Our brands remain strong as a result of superior customer service with an emphasis on guest and associate satisfaction, the worldwide presence and quality of our brands, our Marriott Rewards loyalty program, an information-rich and easy-to-use website, a multichannel central reservations system, and desirable property amenities. We, along with owners and franchisees, continue to invest in our brands by means of new, refreshed, and reinvented properties, new room and public space designs, and enhanced amenities and technology offerings. We continue to enhance the appeal of our proprietary website, www.Marriott.com, through functionality and service improvements, and we continue to capture an increasing proportion of property-level reservations via this cost-efficient channel. We have added other languages to www.Marriott.com, and we have enabled guests to use handheld devices to make and confirm reservations and get directions.
See the Risk Factors section of this report for important information regarding forward-looking statements made in this report and risks and uncertainties that the Company faces.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
The following discussion presents an analysis of results of our operations for 2009, 2008, and 2007.
Continuing Operations
Revenues
2009 Compared to 2008
Revenues decreased by $1,971 million (15 percent) to $10,908 million in 2009 from $12,879 million in 2008, as a result of lower: cost reimbursements revenue ($1,152 million); Timeshare sales and service revenue ($300 million); owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue ($206 million); incentive management fees ($157 million (comprised of $108 million for North America and $49 million outside of North America)); base management fees ($105 million (comprised of $79 million for North America and $26 million outside of North America)); and franchise fees ($51 million).
The decrease in cost reimbursements revenue, to $7,682 million in 2009 from $8,834 million in 2008, reflected lower property-level costs, in response to lower occupancy and cost controls, partially offset by the impact of growth across the system. This revenue represents reimbursements of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties and relates, predominantly, to payroll costs at managed properties where we are the employer. As we record cost reimbursements based upon the costs incurred with no added markup, this revenue and related expense has no impact on either our operating income or net income. We added 35 managed properties (8,574 rooms) and 200 franchised properties (25,136 rooms) to our system in 2009, net of properties exiting the system.
The decrease in Timeshare sales and services revenue of $300 million (21 percent), to $1,123 million in 2009, from $1,423 million in 2008, primarily reflected lower demand for timeshare intervals and to a lesser extent, residential products and the Asia Pacific points program, as well as lower revenue from projects with limited available inventory in 2009, and lower reacquired and resales revenue and services revenue. The decrease was partially offset by higher revenue from projects that became reportable subsequent to the 2008 fiscal year and higher financing revenue. See BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Timeshare, later in this report for additional information on our Timeshare segment.
The decrease in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue, to $1,019 million in 2009, from $1,225 million in 2008, largely reflected $183 million of lower revenue for owned and leased properties, $19 million of lower revenue associated with our corporate housing business, $14 million of lower hotel agreement termination fees, and $5 million of lower branding fees associated with the sale of residential real estate, partially offset by $11 million of increased branding fees associated with affinity card endorsements and a $3 million favorable impact related to a property that was being renovated during 2008, and as a result was not operating at full capacity. Combined branding fees associated with affinity card endorsements and the sale of branded residential real estate totaled $70 million and $64 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in owned and leased revenue primarily reflected RevPAR declines associated with weak lodging demand.
The decrease in incentive management fees, to $154 million in 2009 from $311 million in 2008, reflected lower property-level revenue, associated with weak demand, lower RevPAR, and the associated lower property-level operating income and margins in 2009 compared to 2008. Most incentive management fees are earned only after each hotel earns a minimum return for the hotels owner. With particularly weak demand and low property-level operating income in 2009, most managed hotels did not have sufficient operating income to allow us to earn an incentive fee. In 2009, only 25 percent of managed hotels paid incentive fees to us, as compared to 56 percent in 2008. The decreases in base management fees, to $530 million in 2009 from $635 million in 2008, and franchise fees, to $400 million in 2009 from $451 million in 2008, both reflected RevPAR declines driven by weaker demand, partially offset by the favorable impact of unit growth across the system.
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2008 Compared to 2007
Revenues decreased by $111 million (1 percent) to $12,879 million in 2008 from $12,990 million in 2007, primarily as a result of lower Timeshare sales and service revenue and lower incentive management fees, partially offset by the impact of unit growth across the system. Base management and franchise fees increased by $27 million as a result of improved RevPAR in international markets and unit growth, partially offset by the impact of declines in North American RevPAR. The $27 million increase in combined base management and franchise fees also reflected the impact of both base management fees totaling $6 million in 2007 from business interruption insurance proceeds and $13 million of lower franchise relicensing fees in 2008. Incentive management fees decreased by $58 million primarily reflecting the recognition in the 2007 period of: (1) incentive management fees totaling $17 million that were calculated based on prior periods results, but not earned and due until 2007; and (2) $13 million of incentive management fees from business interruption proceeds associated with Hurricane Katrina. The decrease in incentive management fees also reflected lower property-level profitability due to lower occupancy and higher property-level wages and benefits costs and utilities costs, particularly in North America. Partially offsetting the decreases, incentive management fees from international properties increased, reflecting RevPAR and unit growth. See the BUSINESS SEGMENTS discussion later in this report for additional information.
The $15 million (1 percent) decrease in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue largely reflected $10 million of lower revenue for owned and leased properties, $17 million of lower revenue associated with a services contract that terminated at the end of the 2007 fiscal year and the receipt in 2008 of $15 million in hotel management and franchise agreement termination fees, compared to $19 million in 2007 and flat branding fees associated with both affinity card endorsements and sale of branded residential real estate (totaling $64 million in both 2008 and 2007), partially offset by $17 million of higher corporate housing revenue. The $10 million decrease in owned and leased revenue primarily reflected the conversion of owned hotels to managed hotels.
Timeshare sales and services revenue in 2008 decreased by $324 million (19 percent) compared to the prior year. The decrease primarily reflected lower demand in 2008, revenue recognition of contract sales for several projects in 2007 that reached reportability thresholds, and lower revenue from several projects with limited available inventory in 2008, as well as a decrease of $65 million in note sale gains in 2008 compared to the prior year. Partially offsetting these decreases in revenue in 2008 compared to the prior year was higher revenue associated with the Asia Pacific points program, increased interest income, revenue associated with projects that became reportable subsequent to 2007, and increased services revenue. See BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Timeshare, later in this report for additional information on our Timeshare segment.
The $111 million decrease in total revenue includes $259 million (3 percent) of increased cost reimbursements revenue to $8,834 million in 2008 from $8,575 million in the prior year. The increase in reimbursed costs is primarily attributable to sales growth and the growth in the number of properties we manage. We added six managed properties (3,100 rooms) and 157 franchised properties (19,836 rooms) to our system in 2008, net of properties exiting the system.
Timeshare Strategy-Impairment Charges
In response to the difficult business conditions that the Timeshare segments timeshare, luxury residential, and luxury fractional real estate development businesses continued to experience, we evaluated our entire Timeshare portfolio in the 2009 third quarter. In order to adjust the business strategy to reflect current market conditions at that time, on September 22, 2009, we approved plans for our Timeshare segment to take the following actions: (1) for our luxury residential projects, reduce prices, convert certain proposed projects to other uses, sell some undeveloped land, and not pursue further Marriott-funded residential development projects; (2) reduce prices for existing luxury fractional units; (3) continue short-term promotions for our U.S. timeshare business and defer the introduction of new projects and development phases; and (4) for our European timeshare and fractional resorts, continue promotional pricing and marketing incentives and not pursue further development. We designed these plans, which primarily relate to luxury residential and fractional resorts, to stimulate sales, accelerate cash flow, and reduce investment spending.
As a result of these decisions, in 2009, we recorded pretax charges totaling $752 million in our Consolidated Statements of Income ($502 million after-tax), including $614 million of pretax charges impacting operating income under the Timeshare strategy-impairment charges caption, and $138 million of pretax charges impacting non-operating income under the Timeshare strategy-impairment charges (non-operating) caption. The $752 million of pretax impairment charges were non-cash, other than $27 million of charges associated with ongoing mezzanine loan fundings and $21 million of charges for purchase commitments that we expected to fund in 2010.
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The following table details the composition of these charges.
($ in millions) | Impairment Charge | ||
2009 Operating Income Charge |
|||
Inventory impairment |
$ | 529 | |
Property and equipment impairment |
64 | ||
Other impairments |
21 | ||
Total operating income charge |
614 | ||
2009 Non-Operating Income Charge |
|||
Joint venture impairment |
71 | ||
Loan impairment |
40 | ||
Funding liability |
27 | ||
Total non-operating income charge |
138 | ||
Total |
$ | 752 | |
For additional information related to these impairment charges, including how these impairments were determined and the impairment charges grouped by product type and/or geographic location, see Footnote No. 20, Timeshare Strategy Impairment Charges.
Restructuring Costs and Other Charges
During the latter part of 2008, we experienced a significant decline in demand for hotel rooms both domestically and internationally as a result, in part, of the failures and near failures of a number of large financial service companies in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the dramatic downturn in the economy. Our capital intensive Timeshare business was also hurt both domestically and internationally by the downturn in market conditions and particularly the significant deterioration in the credit markets, which resulted in our decision not to complete a note sale in the fourth quarter of 2008 (although we did complete a note sale in the first quarter of 2009). These declines resulted in reduced management and franchise fees, cancellation of development projects, reduced timeshare contract sales, and anticipated losses under guarantees and loans. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we put certain company-wide cost-saving measures in place in response to these declines, with individual company segments and corporate departments implementing further cost-saving measures. Upper-level management responsible for the Timeshare segment, lodging development, and above-property level management of the various corporate departments and brand teams individually led these decentralized management initiatives. The various initiatives resulted in aggregate restructuring costs of $55 million that we recorded in the fourth quarter of 2008. We also recorded $137 million of other charges in the 2008 fourth quarter. For information regarding the fourth quarter 2008 charges, see Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2008 (2008 Form 10-K).
Restructuring Costs
As part of the restructuring actions we began in the fourth quarter of 2008, we initiated further cost savings measures in 2009 associated with our Timeshare segment, hotel development, above-property level management, and corporate overhead. These further measures resulted in additional restructuring costs of $51 million in 2009. For additional information on these restructuring costs, including the types of restructuring costs incurred in total and by segment, a roll forward of the restructuring liability, and cumulative restructuring costs to date since inception of the restructuring, please see Footnote No. 21, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges.
As a result of our Timeshare segments restructuring efforts, we are projecting $112 million to $117 million ($68 million to $72 million after-tax) of annual cost savings in 2010. In 2009 we realized approximately $80 million to $85 million ($48 million to $52 million after-tax) compared to the $70 million to $80 million we had projected for 2009. The 2009 savings primarily were, and we expect that future savings will primarily be, reflected in the Timeshare-direct and the General, administrative, and other expense captions in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
As a result of the hotel development restructuring efforts across several of our Lodging segments, we are projecting approximately $12 million ($7 million after-tax) of annual cost savings in 2010. In 2009, we realized $9 million ($5 million after-tax) of savings. The 2009 savings primarily were, and we expect that future savings will primarily be, reflected in the General, administrative, and other expense caption in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
The restructuring initiatives we implemented by reducing above property-level lodging management personnel and corporate overhead are projected to result in $10 million to $11 million ($6 million to $7 million after-tax) of annual cost savings in 2010, and in 2009 we realized all of the $8 million ($5 million after-tax) of savings we had projected for 2009. These savings primarily were, and are expected to be, reflected in the General, administrative, and other expense caption in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
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We anticipate that the remaining restructuring liability related to the workforce reduction will be substantially paid by the third quarter of 2010 for the Timeshare segment and by the fourth quarter of 2010 for hotel development and for above-property level management. The amounts related to the space reduction and resulting lease expense due to the consolidation of facilities in the Timeshare segment will be paid over the respective lease terms through 2014. The remaining liability related to expected fundings under guarantees will likely be substantially paid by year-end 2010.
Other Charges
We also incurred $162 million of other charges in 2009, which include $100 million recorded in the General, administrative, and other expense caption, a net $23 million recorded in Timeshare sales and services, net of direct expenses and $39 million of joint venture impairments recorded in the Equity in (losses) earnings caption of our Consolidated Statements of Income. The charges recorded in the General, administrative, and other expense caption include: (1) $49 million security deposit impairment; (2) $43 million in loan impairments now classified in General, administrative and other; (3) $11 million reversal of the related expected funding liability; (4) $4 million of accounts receivable and guarantee charges; (5) $7 million software development write-off; and (6) $8 million other asset impairment to write-off contract acquisition costs related to one property. The charges recorded in the Timeshare sales and services caption and Timeshare sales and services, net of direct expenses include: (1) $20 million in charges related to residual interest valuation; and (2) net contract cancellation allowances of $3 million. For a detailed discussion of these charges, as well as a table summarizing them by type, please see Footnote No. 21, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges. Also, for segment discussion of these charges, see the Business Segments caption that follows.
Operating Income
2009 Compared to 2008
Operating income decreased by $917 million (120 percent) to an operating loss of $152 million in 2009 from operating income of $765 million in 2008. The decrease in operating income reflected Timeshare strategy-impairment charges in 2009 of $614 million, $157 million of lower incentive management fees, a $156 million decrease in combined base management and franchise fees, $69 million of lower owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses, $6 million of lower Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses, partially offset by an $81 million decrease in general, administrative, and other expenses and a decrease in restructuring costs of $4 million. In the preceding Revenues section, we note the reasons for the decrease of $157 million in incentive management fees as well as the decrease of $156 million in combined base management and franchise fees as compared to 2008.
Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses in 2009 totaled $83 million. The decline of $6 million (7 percent) from $89 million in 2008 primarily reflected $50 million of lower development revenue net of product costs and marketing and selling costs and $17 million of lower services revenue net of expenses, mostly offset by $43 million of higher financing revenue net of financing expenses, $15 million of higher other revenue, net of expenses, and $3 million of higher reacquired and resales revenue, net of expenses. Lower development revenue net of product, marketing and selling costs primarily reflected lower revenue for timeshare intervals and to a lesser extent, lower revenue net of costs for our Asia Pacific points program, and a $10 million charge related to an issue with a state tax authority, partially offset by favorable reportability for several projects that reached revenue recognition reportability thresholds after 2008 and favorable variances from both a $22 million 2008 pretax impairment charge related to a joint venture that we fully consolidate ($10 million net of noncontrolling interest benefit) and a $9 million 2008 inventory write-down related to the termination of certain phases of timeshare development in Europe. Higher financing revenue net of financing expenses reflected higher note sale gains, increased residual interest accretion, a decrease in the adjustment to the fair market value of residual interests, and a decrease in the cost of financing, partially offset by lower interest income. Lower services revenue net of expenses reflected weak demand for rentals and increased maintenance cost for unsold inventory. See BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Timeshare later in this section for additional information regarding our Timeshare segment.
The $69 million (50 percent) decrease in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses was primarily attributable to a decline of $65 million in revenue, net of expenses primarily associated with weaker demand at owned and leased properties, as well as our corporate housing business, $14 million of lower hotel agreement termination fees, and $5 million of lower branding fees associated with sale of residential real estate, partially offset by $11 million of increased branding fees associated with affinity card endorsements and a $3 million favorable impact related to a property that was being renovated, during 2008, and as a result was not operating at full capacity.
General, administrative, and other expenses decreased by $81 million (10 percent) to $722 million in 2009 from $803 million in 2008. The decrease primarily reflected $186 million of lower expenses, largely due to cost savings generated from the restructuring efforts initiated in 2008 and lower incentive compensation as well as a $12 million favorable variance due to development cancellations in 2008. Additionally, in 2009 we reached final settlement regarding the Delta Airlines lease investment and recorded a $3 million recovery of the investment previously reserved in the General, administrative, and other expense caption on our Consolidated Statements of Income. For additional
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information regarding the Delta Airlines lease investment, see the Investment in Leveraged Lease caption in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2008 Form 10-K. These benefits were partially offset by the following items: $49 million of impairment charges for two security deposits that we deemed unrecoverable in 2009 due, in part, to our decision not to fund certain cash flow shortfalls, partially offset by a $15 million accrual in 2008 for the expected funding of those cash flow shortfalls and an $11 million reversal in 2009 of the remaining balance of that 2008 accrual due to the decision to no longer fund those cash flow shortfalls; 2009 provisions for loan losses of $43 million for two loans partially offset by a $22 million favorable variance from a 2008 provision on a fully impaired loan, (as discussed in Footnote No. 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, these provisions for loan losses are now part of General, administrative and other); an $8 million impairment charge related to the write-off of contract acquisition costs for one property; a $7 million write-off of Timeshare segment capitalized software costs; $12 million of expenses primarily related to write-offs of other assets that we deemed non-recoverable, performance cure accruals, and guarantee accruals associated with 12 hotels; and $4 million of bad debt expense on an accounts receivable balance. Additionally, 2009 included a $15 million unfavorable impact associated with deferred compensation expenses, compared to a $28 million favorable impact in 2008, both of which reflected mark-to-market valuations. Of the $81 million decrease in total general, administrative, and other expenses, $1 million increase was attributable to our Lodging segments, $31 million decrease was attributable to our Timeshare segment, and $51 million decrease was unallocated.
2008 Compared to 2007
Operating income decreased by $418 million (35 percent) to $765 million in 2008 from $1,183 million in 2007. The decrease in operating income reflected $261 million of lower Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses, $41 million of lower owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses, $58 million of lower incentive management fees, $55 million of restructuring costs recorded in 2008, and a $30 million increase in general, administrative and other expenses, partially offset by an increase in combined base management and franchise fees of $27 million.
Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses for 2008 totaled $89 million. The decline of $261 million (75 percent) from the prior year primarily reflected $138 million of lower development revenue, net of product costs and marketing and selling costs, $95 million of lower financing revenue net of financing expenses, $34 million of lower reacquired and resales revenue net of expenses, partially offset by $4 million of higher services revenue net of expenses, and $2 million of lower joint venture related expenses. Lower development revenue, net of product costs and marketing and selling costs, primarily reflected lower demand for timeshare interval, fractional, and residential products, lower revenue from several projects with limited available inventory in 2008, a $22 million pretax impairment charge ($10 million net of noncontrolling interest benefit), start-up costs and low reportability in 2008 associated with newer projects that have not yet reached revenue recognition thresholds, as well as lower revenue recognition for several projects that reached reportability thresholds in 2007. The decrease in financing revenue net of financing costs primarily reflected lower note sale gains in 2008, compared to the prior year. See BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Timeshare, later in this report for additional information regarding our Timeshare segment.
The $41 million (23 percent) decrease in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses primarily reflected $21 million of lower income, reflecting conversions from owned properties to managed properties, $4 million of lower termination fees, and $17 million of lower revenue associated with a services contract that terminated at the end of the 2007 fiscal year. Partially offsetting the decreases were lower depreciation charges totaling $6 million in 2008 associated with one property, compared to depreciation charges recorded in 2007 of $8 million associated with that same property that was reclassified from held for sale to held and used.
General, administrative, and other expenses increased by $30 million (4 percent) to $803 million in 2008 from $773 million in 2007. This increase reflected the following items: $44 million of increased expenses associated with, among other things, our unit growth and development, systems improvements, and initiatives to enhance our brands globally; a $16 million charge for certain guarantees; an unfavorable $9 million variance for reserve reversals in 2007; $12 million in write-offs in 2008 of costs related to development cancellations; $4 million of increased foreign exchange losses; $4 million of charges related to bad debt reserves on accounts receivable; and a $15 million increase in provision for loan losses, reflecting a $22 million 2008 provision on a fully impaired loan (see the Other Charges section of Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information) and a $3 million loan loss provision associated with one property, partially offset by favorable variances associated with a $5 million provision recorded in 2007 to write off the remaining exposure associated with our investment in a Delta Airlines lease and the reversal of $5 million of provisions in 2008 related to two previously impaired loans that were repaid (as discussed in Footnote No. 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, those provisions for loan losses are now part of General, administrative and other). See Other Charges section of Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for additional information on the charge related to certain guarantees, development cancellation write-offs, bad debt reserves, and provision for loan losses. These unfavorable variances were partially offset by a favorable variance related to a 2007 charge of $35 million resulting from excise taxes associated with the settlement of
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issues raised during the examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Department of Labor of our employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) feature of our Employees Profit Sharing, Retirement and Savings Plan and Trust (the Plan). See Footnote No. 2, Income Taxes, in our 2008 Form 10-K for additional information on the ESOP settlement. Additionally, 2008 included a $28 million favorable impact associated with deferred compensation expenses, compared to an $11 million unfavorable impact in the prior year, both of which reflected mark-to-market valuations. Of the $30 million increase in total general, administrative, and other expenses, an increase of $38 million was attributable to our Lodging segments, an increase of $13 million was attributable to our Timeshare segment, and a decrease of $21 million, primarily reflecting the 2007 ESOP settlement charge, was unallocated.
The reasons for the decrease of $58 million in incentive management fees as well as the combined base management and franchise fees increase of $27 million over the prior year are noted in the preceding Revenues section.
Gains and Other Income (Expense)
The table below shows our gains and other income for fiscal years 2009, 2008, and 2007:
($ in millions) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
Gain on debt extinguishment |
$ | 21 | $ | 28 | $ | | |||||
Gains on sales of real estate and other |
10 | 14 | 39 | ||||||||
Other note sale/repayment gains |
| | 1 | ||||||||
Gains on forgiveness of debt |
| | 12 | ||||||||
Gain/(loss) on sale of joint venture and other investments |
3 | (1 | ) | 31 | |||||||
Income/(loss) from cost method joint ventures |
2 | (3 | ) | 14 | |||||||
Impairment of equity securities |
(5 | ) | | | |||||||
$ | 31 | $ | 38 | $ | 97 | ||||||
2009 Compared to 2008
The $21 million gain on debt extinguishment in 2009 represents the difference between the purchase price and net carrying amount of Senior Notes we repurchased during the period. For additional information on the debt extinguishment, see the Liquidity and Capital Resources section later in this report. The $5 million impairment of equity securities in 2009 reflected an other-than-temporary impairment of marketable securities in accordance with the guidance for accounting for certain investments in debt and equity securities. For additional information on the impairment, see Footnote No. 5, Fair Value Measurements.
2008 Compared to 2007
The $28 million gain on debt extinguishment in 2008 represents the difference between the purchase price and net carrying amount of our Senior Notes we repurchased. For additional information on the debt extinguishment, see the Liquidity and Capital Resources section later in this report. The $25 million decrease in gains on sales of real estate and other primarily reflected a $23 million gain associated with sales of real estate in our International segment as well as other smaller gains on sale of real estate in 2007 that did not occur in 2008. The $12 million gain on forgiveness of debt in 2007 was associated with government incentives noted in the 2007 Compared to 2006 section in our 2008 Form 10-K. Gain on sale of joint venture and other investments of $31 million in 2007 reflected an $18 million gain associated with the sale of stock we held and net gains totaling $13 million on the sale of joint venture investments. Income from cost method joint ventures decreased $17 million to a loss of $3 million in 2008 compared to the prior year primarily due to certain cost method tax investments that we deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired (see the Other Charges section of Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information).
Interest Expense
2009 Compared to 2008
Interest expense decreased by $45 million (28 percent) to $118 million in 2009 compared to $163 million in 2008. Interest expense associated with commercial paper and our $2.4 billion multicurrency revolving credit facility (our Credit Facility) decreased by $25 million reflecting the repayment of our commercial paper in 2008 and increased borrowings under the Credit Facility with a lower interest rate. We also benefited from a $26 million decrease in interest costs associated with various programs that we operate on behalf of owners (including our Marriott Rewards, gift certificates, and self-insurance programs) as a result of lower interest rates, and the repurchase of some of our Senior Notes across multiple series in the 2008 fourth quarter and 2009 first quarter (see Liquidity and Capital Resources later in this section for additional information), which resulted in a $12 million reduction to interest expense, and finally, other interest expense decreases of $5 million. These decreases in interest expense were partially offset by a $23 million unfavorable variance to 2008 as a result of lower capitalized interest in 2009 associated with construction projects.
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2008 Compared to 2007
Interest expense decreased by $21 million (11 percent) to $163 million in 2008 compared to $184 million in 2007. The decrease in interest expense compared to the prior year reflected a charge of $13 million for interest on the excise taxes associated with the ESOP settlement in 2007. Interest expense associated with commercial paper and our Credit Facility decreased in 2008 reflecting a reduction in the amount of commercial paper outstanding, lower interest rates on commercial paper, and increased borrowings under the Credit Facility with a lower interest rate. As a result, year-over-year interest expense was lower by $7 million. We also benefited from a $15 million decrease in interest costs associated with various programs that we operate on behalf of owners as a result of lower interest rates, a $6 million favorable variance to the prior year for higher capitalized interest associated with construction projects, and the maturity of our Series E Senior Notes in early 2008 yielding a $6 million favorable variance to the prior year. The write-off of $2 million of deferred financing costs in 2007 related to the refinancing of our revolving credit agreement resulted in a favorable variance in 2008. These favorable variances to the prior year were partially offset by the impact of the Series I and Series J Senior Notes issuances, which occurred in the second half of 2007 that increased our interest expense in 2008 by $30 million.
Interest Income and Income Tax
2009 Compared to 2008
Interest income decreased by $14 million (36 percent) to $25 million in 2009, from $39 million in 2008, primarily reflecting $8 million of interest income we recorded in 2008 for three loans that subsequently became impaired. Because we recognize interest on impaired loans on a cash basis, we did not recognize any interest on these impaired loans in 2009. The decline in interest income also reflected $5 million of lower interest income due to a decline in interest rates on our cash balances, $2 million of previously reserved interest income collected in 2008, and $2 million of lower interest income in 2009 reflecting a reduction in principal due associated with one loan, partially offset by $4 million of additional interest income from new loans funded at year-end 2008 and in 2009.
As noted earlier in the Operating Income discussion, we now classify the 2009 and 2008 provisions for loan losses as General, administrative, and other expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Our tax provision decreased by $415 million (119 percent) to a benefit of $65 million in 2009 from a provision of $350 million in 2008, reflecting a pretax loss in 2009 and $43 million of lower tax expense associated with our deferred compensation plan. The decrease was partially offset by an increase to the effective tax rate in 2009 due to a change in our mix of worldwide income resulting from substantial reductions of foreign income in jurisdictions with low tax rates. The 2009 tax rate also reflected $52 million of income tax expense, primarily related to the treatment of funds received from certain foreign subsidiaries, an issue that is the subject of ongoing discussions between us and the IRS. The charges recorded in 2009 primarily relate to our ongoing current fiscal year exposure related to this issue. In addition to tax expense on pretax earnings, tax expense for 2008 also reflected: (1) $29 million of income tax expense primarily related to an unfavorable U.S. Court of Federal Claims decision involving a refund claim associated with a 1994 tax planning transaction; (2) $19 million of income tax expense due primarily to prior years tax adjustments, including a settlement with the IRS that resulted in a lower than expected refund of taxes associated with a 1995 leasing transaction; and (3) $24 million of income tax expense related to the tax treatment of funds received from certain foreign subsidiaries.
2008 Compared to 2007
Interest income increased by $1 million (3 percent) to $39 million from $38 million in the prior year.
As noted earlier in the Operating Income discussion and later in Footnote No. 1, Significant Accounting Policies, we now classify the 2008 provision for loan losses and $5 million of the $17 million 2007 provision for loan losses as General, administrative, and other expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We also now classify the remaining $12 million of the 2007 provision for loan losses as Equity in (losses) earnings in our Consolidated Statements of Income, as discussed under that caption later in this section.
Our tax provision decreased by $91 million (21 percent) to $350 million in 2008 from a tax provision of $441 million in 2007 and reflected the impact associated with lower pretax income in 2008, a 2007 charge for a German legislative tax change, and $6 million of taxes in 2007 associated with additional interest on the ESOP settlement. This decrease was partially offset by $39 million in higher deferred compensation costs in 2008 and a higher tax rate in 2008. The higher 2008 tax rate reflected: (1) $29 million of income tax expense primarily related to an unfavorable U.S. Court of Federal Claims decision involving a refund claim associated with a 1994 tax planning transaction; (2) $19 million of income tax expense due primarily to prior years tax adjustments, including a settlement with the IRS that resulted in a lower than expected refund of taxes associated with a 1995 leasing transaction; and (3) $24 million of income tax expense related to the tax treatment of funds received from certain foreign subsidiaries.
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Equity in (Losses) Earnings
2009 Compared to 2008
Equity in losses of $66 million in 2009 increased by $81 million from equity in earnings of $15 million in 2008 and primarily reflected a $30 million impairment charge in 2009 associated with a Luxury segment joint venture investment that we determined to be fully impaired (see the Other Charges caption in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for more information). The decrease in joint venture equity earnings also reflected an unfavorable comparison to $15 million of equity earnings in 2008 from a joint venture that sold portfolio assets and had significant associated gains, and $5 million of earnings in 2008 from another joint venture primarily reflecting insurance proceeds received by that joint venture. Further contributing to the decline were $24 million of decreased earnings in 2009 for a Timeshare segment joint venture residential and fractional project, $7 million of equity losses associated with a North American Limited-Service segment joint venture, a $3 million impairment and $2 million of other equity losses associated with an International segment joint venture, and $9 million of equity losses at certain other joint ventures, all of which were negatively affected by the weak demand environment. The unfavorable impacts also included a $3 million impairment charge for a joint venture that is not allocated to one of our segments and for which we do not expect to recover our investment. These decreases were partially offset by an unfavorable $11 million impact in 2008 associated with tax law changes in a country in which two international joint ventures operate and a 2008 impairment charge of $9 million associated with one Luxury segment joint venture under development. See the Other Charges section of Footnote No. 21, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, for more information on some of these joint venture impairments.
2008 Compared to 2007
Equity in earnings of $15 million in 2008 decreased $12 million from earnings of $3 million in 2007 and primarily reflected $14 million of increased earnings from a joint venture, which sold portfolio assets in 2008 and had significant associated gains, $10 million of favorable variances for three joint ventures that experienced losses due to start-up costs in the prior year, and $5 million of increased earnings from an International segment joint venture primarily reflecting insurance proceeds received by that joint venture in 2008, partially offset by an unfavorable $11 million impact associated with tax law changes in a country in which two international joint ventures operate, an impairment charge of $9 million associated with one Luxury segment joint venture under development, and a $7 million impact related to contract cancellation allowances recorded at one Timeshare segment joint venture (see the Other Charges section of Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information on the impairment and contract cancellation allowances). In 2007, we also recorded a $12 million loan loss provision related to one property where we have a joint venture investment that is not allocated to one of our segments, which as discussed in Footnote No. 1, Significant Accounting Policies, we now classify under the Equity in (losses) earnings caption in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Net Losses Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
2009 Compared to 2008
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased by $8 million in 2009 to $7 million, compared to $15 million in 2008. The benefit for net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2009 of $7 million are net of tax and reflected our partners share of losses totaling $11 million associated with joint ventures we consolidate, net of our partners share of tax benefits of $4 million associated with the losses.
2008 Compared to 2007
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests increased by $14 million in 2008 to $15 million. The benefits for net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2008 of $15 million are net of tax and reflected our partners share of losses totaling $24 million associated with joint ventures we consolidate, net of our partners share of tax benefits of $9 million associated with the losses.
(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations
2009 Compared to 2008
Compared to the prior year, loss from continuing operations increased by $697 million (203 percent) to a 2009 loss of $353 million from 2008 income of $344 million, loss from continuing operations attributable to Marriott increased by $705 million (196 percent) to a 2009 loss of $346 million from 2008 income of $359 million, and diluted losses per share from continuing operations attributable to Marriott increased by $1.94 (200 percent) to $0.97 per share from earnings of $0.97 per share. As discussed in more detail in the preceding sections beginning with Operating Income, the $697 million increase in loss from continuing operations compared to the prior year was due to 2009 Timeshare strategy impairment charges ($752 million), lower incentive management fees ($157 million), lower base management and franchise fees ($156 million), lower equity in earnings ($81 million), lower owned, leased, corporate housing, and other
34
revenue net of direct expenses ($69 million), lower interest income ($14 million), lower gains and other income ($7 million), and lower Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses ($6 million). Lower income taxes ($415 million), lower general, administrative, and other expenses ($81 million), lower interest expense ($45 million), and lower restructuring costs ($4 million) partially offset the unfavorable variances.
2008 Compared to 2007
Compared to the prior year, income from continuing operations decreased by $352 million (51 percent) to $344 million in 2008, income from continuing operations attributable to Marriott increased by $338 million (48 percent) to $359 million in 2008, and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Marriott decreased by $0.76 (44 percent) to $0.97. As discussed in more detail in the preceding sections beginning with Operating Income, the decrease in income from continuing operations versus the prior year was due to lower Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses ($261 million), lower gains and other income ($59 million), lower incentive management fees ($58 million), restructuring costs recorded in 2008 ($55 million), lower owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses ($41 million), and higher general, administrative, and other expenses ($30 million). Partially offsetting these unfavorable variances were lower income taxes ($91 million), higher base management and franchise fees ($27 million), lower interest expense ($21 million), higher equity in earnings ($12 million), and higher interest income ($1 million).
Business Segments
We are a diversified hospitality company with operations in five business segments: North American Full-Service Lodging, North American Limited-Service Lodging, International Lodging, Luxury Lodging, and Timeshare. In 2007, we exited the synthetic fuel business, which was formerly a separate segment but which we now report under discontinued operations.
See Footnote No. 19, Business Segments for further information on: (1) our segments including how we aggregate our individual brands into each segment, and other information about each segment, including: revenues; (loss) income from continuing operations attributable to Marriott; net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests; and equity in earnings (losses) of equity method investees; (2) revenues, financial results, and fixed assets associated with operations outside the United States; and (3) selling expenses.
35
At year-end 2009, we operated or franchised the following properties by segment (excluding 2,072 corporate housing rental units associated with our ExecuStay brand):
Total Lodging Products | ||||||||||||
Properties | Rooms | |||||||||||
U.S. | Non-U.S. | Total | U.S. | Non-U.S. | Total | |||||||
North American Full-Service Lodging Segment (1) |
||||||||||||
Marriott Hotels & Resorts |
322 | 13 | 335 | 125,863 | 4,837 | 130,700 | ||||||
Marriott Conference Centers |
11 | | 11 | 3,243 | | 3,243 | ||||||
JW Marriott |
15 | 1 | 16 | 7,902 | 221 | 8,123 | ||||||
Renaissance Hotels |
77 | 2 | 79 | 28,569 | 786 | 29,355 | ||||||
Renaissance ClubSport |
2 | | 2 | 349 | | 349 | ||||||
427 | 16 | 443 | 165,926 | 5,844 | 171,770 | |||||||
North American Limited-Service Lodging Segment (1) |
||||||||||||
Courtyard |
768 | 16 | 784 | 107,640 | 2,847 | 110,487 | ||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites |
620 | 8 | 628 | 55,622 | 903 | 56,525 | ||||||
SpringHill Suites |
255 | 1 | 256 | 29,846 | 124 | 29,970 | ||||||
Residence Inn |
591 | 16 | 607 | 70,995 | 2,308 | 73,303 | ||||||
TownePlace Suites |
184 | | 184 | 18,451 | | 18,451 | ||||||
2,418 | 41 | 2,459 | 282,554 | 6,182 | 288,736 | |||||||
International Lodging Segment (1) |
||||||||||||
Marriott Hotels & Resorts |
4 | 152 | 156 | 2,765 | 43,584 | 46,349 | ||||||
JW Marriott |
1 | 26 | 27 | 387 | 9,953 | 10,340 | ||||||
Renaissance Hotels |
| 62 | 62 | | 20,878 | 20,878 | ||||||
Courtyard |
| 74 | 74 | | 14,719 | 14,719 | ||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites |
| 1 | 1 | | 206 | 206 | ||||||
Residence Inn |
| 1 | 1 | | 109 | 109 | ||||||
Marriott Executive Apartments |
| 23 | 23 | | 3,880 | 3,880 | ||||||
5 | 339 | 344 | 3,152 | 93,329 | 96,481 | |||||||
Luxury Lodging Segment |
||||||||||||
The Ritz-Carlton |
40 | 34 | 74 | 12,115 | 10,171 | 22,286 | ||||||
Bulgari Hotels & Resorts |
| 2 | 2 | | 117 | 117 | ||||||
The Ritz-Carlton-Residential (2) |
25 | 1 | 26 | 2,613 | 93 | 2,706 | ||||||
The Ritz-Carlton Serviced Apartments |
| 3 | 3 | | 474 | 474 | ||||||
65 | 40 | 105 | 14,728 | 10,855 | 25,583 | |||||||
Timeshare Segment (3) |
||||||||||||
Marriott Vacation Club |
41 | 11 | 52 | 9,728 | 2,126 | 11,854 | ||||||
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club |
7 | 2 | 9 | 339 | 122 | 461 | ||||||
The Ritz-Carlton Residences (2) |
3 | 1 | 4 | 222 | 15 | 237 | ||||||
Grand Residences by Marriott-Fractional |
1 | 1 | 2 | 199 | 49 | 248 | ||||||
Grand Residences by Marriott-Residential (1), (2) |
2 | | 2 | 91 | | 91 | ||||||
54 | 15 | 69 | 10,579 | 2,312 | 12,891 | |||||||
Total |
2,969 | 451 | 3,420 | 476,939 | 118,522 | 595,461 | ||||||
(1) | North American includes properties located in the continental United States and Canada. International includes properties located outside the continental United States and Canada. |
(2) | Represents projects where we manage the related owners association. Residential products are included once they possess a certificate of occupancy. |
(3) | Includes resorts that are in active sales as well as those that are sold-out. Products in active sales may not be ready for occupancy. |
36
2009 Compared to 2008
We added 254 properties (37,714 rooms) and 17 properties (3,476 rooms) exited the system in 2009, not including residential products. We also added 5 residential properties (568 units) in 2009.
Total segment financial results decreased by $1,162 million (100 percent) to $4 million in 2009 from $1,166 million in 2008, and total segment revenues decreased by $1,986 million to $10,831 million in 2009, a 15 percent decrease from total segment revenues of $12,817 million in 2008. As discussed in more detail earlier in this report, demand was weaker in 2009 than 2008.
The decrease in revenues included a $1,152 million decrease in cost reimbursements revenue, which does not impact operating income or net income attributable to Marriott. The results, compared to 2008, reflected $685 million of Timeshare impairment charges ($614 million of which were reported in the Timeshare strategy-impairment charges caption and $71 million of which we reported in the Timeshare strategy-impairment charges (non-operating) caption of our Consolidated Statements of Income. See the Timeshare strategy-impairment charges section for more information on the impairments), $157 million of lower incentive management fees, a $156 million decrease in combined 2009 base management and franchise fees, $85 million of owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses, $63 million of lower equity joint venture results, $18 million of higher restructuring costs, a $13 million decrease in net losses attributable to a noncontrolling interests benefit, a decrease of $9 million in gains and other income, and a decrease of $6 million in Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses, partially offset by $30 million of decreased general, administrative, and other expenses. As discussed in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section, these decreases included $80 million in other charges, with $57 million recorded in general, administrative, and other expenses and $23 million recorded in Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses.
The $156 million decrease in combined base management and franchise fees reflected lower demand and significantly lower RevPAR in 2009. Incentive management fees decreased by $157 million and reflected lower property-level operating revenues and margins associated with weak demand, somewhat offset by property-level cost controls. With lower property-level operating income, many managed properties did not earn sufficient income to achieve owner priority returns and, as a result, we earned no incentive fees from those properties. In 2009, 67 percent of our incentive fees were derived from hotels outside North America versus 49 percent in 2008.
Systemwide RevPAR, which includes data from our franchised properties, in addition to our owned, leased, and managed properties, for comparable North American properties decreased by 17.2 percent, and RevPAR for our comparable North American company-operated properties decreased by 18.5 percent.
Systemwide RevPAR for comparable international properties decreased by 17.9 percent, and RevPAR for comparable international company-operated properties decreased by 18.0 percent. Worldwide RevPAR for comparable systemwide properties decreased by 17.3 percent (18.4 percent using actual dollars) and worldwide RevPAR for comparable company-operated properties decreased by 18.3 percent (20.0 percent using actual dollars).
Compared to 2008, worldwide comparable company-operated house profit margins in 2009 decreased by 380 basis points and worldwide comparable company-operated house profit per available room (HP-PAR) decreased by 25.7 percent on a constant U.S. dollar basis, reflecting the impact of very tight cost control plans in 2009 at properties in our system, more than offset by the impact of year-over-year RevPAR decreases. International company-operated house profit margins declined by 270 basis points, and HP-PAR at our International managed properties decreased by 22.0 percent reflecting significant cost control plans at properties, more than offset by the impact of decreased demand. North American company-operated house profit margins declined by 440 basis points, and HP-PAR at our North American managed properties decreased by 27.7 percent also reflecting significant cost control plans at properties, more than offset by the impact of decreased demand. HP-PAR at our North American limited-service managed properties decreased by 28.7 percent, reflecting cost control plans at properties, more than offset by the impact of decreased demand.
2008 Compared to 2007
We added 215 properties (32,842 rooms) and 42 properties (7,525 rooms) exited the system in 2008, not including residential products. We also added six residential properties (567 units) in 2008.
Total segment financial results decreased by $422 million (27 percent) to $1,166 million in 2008 from $1,588 million in the prior year, and total segment revenues decreased by $92 million to $12,817 million in 2008, a 1 percent decrease from revenues of $12,909 million in 2007. While demand was weaker in 2008 compared to 2007, international and full-service properties experienced stronger demand than luxury and limited-service properties. The decrease in revenues included a $259 million increase in cost reimbursements revenue, which does not impact operating income or net income. The results,
37
compared to the year-ago period, reflected a decrease of $261 million in Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses, $58 million of lower incentive management fees, $51 million of increased general, administrative, and other expenses, a decrease of $37 million in gains and other income, $29 million of restructuring costs recorded in 2008, a decrease of $22 million in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses, and $14 million of lower equity joint venture results. These unfavorable variances were partially offset by a $27 million (3 percent) increase in combined base management and franchise fees to $1,086 million in the 2008 period from $1,059 million in 2007 and a $23 million increase in net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests.
Higher RevPAR for comparable rooms, resulting from rate increases in international markets, and new unit growth drove the increase in base management and franchise fees. The $27 million increase in combined base management and franchise fees also reflected the impact of both base management fees totaling $6 million in 2007 from business interruption insurance proceeds and $13 million of lower franchise relicensing fees in 2008. Compared to 2007, incentive management fees decreased by $58 million (16 percent) in 2008 and reflected the recognition in 2007 of $17 million of incentive management fees that were calculated based on prior periods results, but not earned and due until 2007. Furthermore, incentive management fees for 2007 also included $13 million of business interruption insurance proceeds, also associated with hurricanes in prior years. The decrease in incentive management fees also reflected lower property-level profitability due to lower RevPAR, higher property-level wages and benefits costs, and utilities costs, particularly in North America. In 2008, 56 percent of our managed properties paid incentive management fees to us versus 67 percent in 2007. In addition, in 2008, 49 percent of our incentive fees were derived from international hotels versus 35 percent in 2007.
Systemwide RevPAR, which includes data from our franchised properties, in addition to our owned, leased, and managed properties, for comparable North American properties decreased by 2.7 percent and RevPAR for our comparable North American company-operated properties decreased by 2.9 percent.
Systemwide RevPAR for comparable international properties increased by 3.6 percent, and RevPAR for comparable international company-operated properties increased by 3.3 percent. Worldwide RevPAR for comparable systemwide properties decreased by 1.5 percent (0.8 percent using actual dollars) while worldwide RevPAR for comparable company-operated properties decreased by 1.1 percent (0.2 percent using actual dollars).
Compared to the year-ago period, worldwide comparable company-operated house profit margins in 2008 decreased by 70 basis points, reflecting the impact of stronger year-over-year RevPAR associated with international properties and very tight cost control plans in 2008 at properties in our system, more than offset by the impact of year-over-year RevPAR decreases associated with properties in North America reflecting weaker demand and also higher expenses in North America primarily due to increased utilities and payroll costs. North American company-operated house profit margins declined by 140 basis points reflecting significant cost control plans at properties, more than offset by the impact of decreased demand and higher operating costs, including those associated with wages and benefits and utilities. For 2008, HP-PAR at our North American managed properties decreased by 5.8 percent. HP-PAR at our North American limited-service managed properties decreased by 8.0 percent, and worldwide HP-PAR for all our brands increased by 2.6 percent on a constant U.S. dollar basis.
Lodging Development
We opened 254 properties, totaling 37,714 rooms, across our brands in 2009 and 17 properties (3,476 rooms) left the system, not including residential products. We also added 5 residential properties (568 units). Highlights of the year included:
| Converting 19 properties (3,989 rooms), or 10 percent of our gross room additions for the year, from other brands, and 13 percent of those rooms were located in international markets; |
| Opening approximately 23 percent of all the new rooms outside the United States; |
| Adding 207 properties (24,346 rooms) to our North American Limited-Service brands; and |
| Opening two new Marriott Vacation Club properties, one in Marco Island, Florida, and the other in Bangkok, Thailand. We also opened one Ritz-Carlton Destination Club property and one Ritz-Carlton Residences property in Kapalua Bay, Hawaii, one Ritz-Carlton Destination Club property in Lake Tahoe, California, and one Grand Residences by Marriott property in Kauai, Hawaii. |
We currently have approximately 100,000 hotel rooms under construction, awaiting conversion, or approved for development in our hotel development pipeline and we expect to add 25,000 to 30,000 hotel rooms (gross) to our system in 2010.
38
We believe that we have access to sufficient financial resources to finance our growth, as well as to support our ongoing operations and meet debt service and other cash requirements. Nonetheless, our ability to develop and update our brands and the ability of hotel developers to build or acquire new Marriott-branded properties, both of which are important parts of our growth plan, depend in part on capital access, availability and cost for other hotel developers and third-party owners. These growth plans are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. See the Forward-Looking Statements and Risks and Uncertainties captions earlier in this report and the Liquidity and Capital Resources caption later in this report.
Statistics
The following tables show occupancy, average daily rate, and RevPAR for comparable properties, for each of the brands in our North American Full-Service and North American Limited-Service segments, for our International segment by region, and the principal brand in our Luxury segment, The Ritz-Carlton. We have not presented statistics for company-operated Fairfield Inn & Suites properties in these tables because we operate only a limited number of properties, as the brand is predominantly franchised, and such information would not be meaningful (identified as nm in the tables that follow). Systemwide statistics include data from our franchised properties, in addition to our owned, leased, and managed properties.
The occupancy, average daily rate, and RevPAR statistics used throughout this report for 2009 include the 52 weeks from January 3, 2009, through January 1, 2010, for 2008 include the 53 weeks from December 29, 2007, through January 2, 2009, and for 2007 include the 52 weeks from December 30, 2006, through December 28, 2007 (except in each case, for The Ritz-Carlton brand properties and properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada, which for them includes the period from January 1 through December 31 for each year).
39
Comparable Company-Operated North American Properties (1) |
Comparable Systemwide North American Properties (1) | |||||||||||||||||
2009 | Change vs. 2008 | 2009 | Change vs. 2008 | |||||||||||||||
Marriott Hotels & Resorts (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
66.3 | % | -4.3 | % | pts. | 63.4 | % | -4.6 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 157.81 | -11.8 | % | $ | 145.16 | -11.6 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 104.60 | -17.2 | % | $ | 92.09 | -17.5 | % | ||||||||||
Renaissance Hotels |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
65.3 | % | -4.2 | % | pts. | 63.8 | % | -4.3 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 153.71 | -10.7 | % | $ | 140.75 | -10.9 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 100.42 | -16.1 | % | $ | 89.75 | -16.5 | % | ||||||||||
Composite North American Full-Service (3) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
66.1 | % | -4.3 | % | pts. | 63.5 | % | -4.5 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 157.10 | -11.6 | % | $ | 144.42 | -11.5 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 103.87 | -17.0 | % | $ | 91.70 | -17.3 | % | ||||||||||
The Ritz-Carlton North America |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
61.5 | % | -6.5 | % | pts. | 61.5 | % | -6.5 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 280.76 | -14.9 | % | $ | 280.76 | -14.9 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 172.61 | -23.1 | % | $ | 172.61 | -23.1 | % | ||||||||||
Composite North American Full-Service and Luxury (4) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
65.7 | % | -4.5 | % | pts. | 63.4 | % | -4.6 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 167.93 | -12.2 | % | $ | 151.75 | -11.9 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 110.30 | -17.8 | % | $ | 96.18 | -17.9 | % | ||||||||||
Residence Inn |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
69.5 | % | -5.3 | % | pts. | 70.7 | % | -4.5 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 114.27 | -10.0 | % | $ | 113.86 | -9.2 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 79.38 | -16.4 | % | $ | 80.48 | -14.6 | % | ||||||||||
Courtyard |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
61.2 | % | -5.8 | % | pts. | 62.8 | % | -5.1 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 109.78 | -14.2 | % | $ | 111.20 | -11.7 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 67.15 | -21.7 | % | $ | 69.87 | -18.3 | % | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
nm | nm | 60.8 | % | -5.4 | % | pts. | |||||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
nm | nm | $ | 84.62 | -8.1 | % | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
nm | nm | $ | 51.41 | -15.6 | % | ||||||||||||
TownePlace Suites |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
61.3 | % | -7.4 | % | pts. | 62.8 | % | -5.9 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 77.40 | -11.5 | % | $ | 81.60 | -9.2 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 47.45 | -21.1 | % | $ | 51.24 | -16.9 | % | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
61.3 | % | -6.9 | % | pts. | 62.7 | % | -5.2 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 97.32 | -11.0 | % | $ | 98.97 | -9.2 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 59.63 | -20.0 | % | $ | 62.01 | -16.1 | % | ||||||||||
Composite North American Limited-Service (5) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
63.5 | % | -5.8 | % | pts. | 64.5 | % | -5.1 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 108.33 | -12.7 | % | $ | 104.55 | -10.0 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 68.83 | -20.0 | % | $ | 67.40 | -16.6 | % | ||||||||||
Composite North American (6) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
64.8 | % | -5.1 | % | pts. | 64.0 | % | -4.9 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 142.86 | -12.2 | % | $ | 122.71 | -10.9 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 92.52 | -18.5 | % | $ | 78.59 | -17.2 | % |
(1) | Statistics are for properties located in the continental United States and Canada for the fifty-two and fifty-three weeks ended January 1, 2010, and January 2, 2009, respectively, except for The Ritz-Carlton for which the statistics are for the twelve months ended December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008. |
(2) | Marriott Hotels & Resorts includes JW Marriott properties. |
(3) | Composite North American Full-Service statistics include Marriott Hotels & Resorts and Renaissance Hotels properties. |
(4) | Composite North American Full-Service and Luxury includes Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, and The Ritz-Carlton properties. |
(5) | Composite North American Limited-Service statistics include Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties. |
(6) | Composite North American statistics include Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, SpringHill Suites, and The Ritz-Carlton properties. |
40
Comparable Company-Operated Properties (1) |
Comparable Systemwide Properties (1) | |||||||||||||||||
2009 | Change vs. 2008 | 2009 | Change vs. 2008 | |||||||||||||||
Caribbean and Latin America (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
67.0 | % | -7.6 | % | pts. | 63.6 | % | -6.9 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 175.43 | -10.8 | % | $ | 158.85 | -10.8 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 117.59 | -19.8 | % | $ | 101.02 | -19.6 | % | ||||||||||
Continental Europe (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
66.9 | % | -3.3 | % | pts. | 65.3 | % | -4.0 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 161.17 | -11.9 | % | $ | 162.33 | -11.8 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 107.83 | -16.0 | % | $ | 106.00 | -16.9 | % | ||||||||||
United Kingdom (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
72.5 | % | -3.0 | % | pts. | 72.0 | % | -3.0 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 139.81 | -7.5 | % | $ | 139.01 | -7.6 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 101.41 | -11.1 | % | $ | 100.03 | -11.3 | % | ||||||||||
Middle East and Africa (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
68.6 | % | -9.1 | % | pts. | 68.6 | % | -9.1 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 137.31 | -8.1 | % | $ | 137.31 | -8.1 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 94.21 | -18.9 | % | $ | 94.21 | -18.9 | % | ||||||||||
Asia Pacific (2), (3) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
63.6 | % | -4.5 | % | pts. | 64.1 | % | -5.1 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 127.12 | -15.5 | % | $ | 136.15 | -12.9 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 80.80 | -21.1 | % | $ | 87.33 | -19.3 | % | ||||||||||
Regional Composite (4), (5) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
67.3 | % | -4.6 | % | pts. | 66.1 | % | -4.9 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 149.15 | -11.4 | % | $ | 149.93 | -11.0 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 100.44 | -17.1 | % | $ | 99.11 | -17.2 | % | ||||||||||
International Luxury (6) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
56.8 | % | -7.2 | % | pts. | 56.8 | % | -7.2 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 317.16 | -12.2 | % | $ | 317.16 | -12.2 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 179.99 | -22.1 | % | $ | 179.99 | -22.1 | % | ||||||||||
Total International (7) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
66.3 | % | -4.9 | % | pts. | 65.3 | % | -5.1 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 163.64 | -11.9 | % | $ | 161.89 | -11.5 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 108.45 | -18.0 | % | $ | 105.78 | -17.9 | % |
(1) | We report financial results for all properties on a period-end basis, but report statistics for properties located outside the continental United States and Canada on a month-end basis. The statistics are for January 1 through December 31. For the properties located in countries that use currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the comparison to 2008 was on a constant U.S. dollar basis. |
(2) | Regional information includes Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, and Courtyard properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada. |
(3) | Excludes Hawaii. |
(4) | Includes Hawaii. |
(5) | Regional Composite statistics include all properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada for Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, and Courtyard brands. |
(6) | Includes The Ritz-Carlton properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada and Bulgari Hotels & Resorts properties. |
(7) | Total International includes Regional Composite statistics and statistics for The Ritz-Carlton International and Bulgari Hotels & Resorts brands. |
41
Comparable Company-Operated Properties (1) |
Comparable Systemwide Properties (1) | |||||||||||||||||
2009 | Change vs. 2008 | 2009 | Change vs. 2008 | |||||||||||||||
Composite Luxury (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
59.5 | % | -6.8 | % | pts. | 59.5 | % | -6.8 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 295.11 | -13.8 | % | $ | 295.11 | -13.8 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 175.66 | -22.7 | % | $ | 175.66 | -22.7 | % | ||||||||||
Total Worldwide (3) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
65.2 | % | -5.0 | % | pts. | 64.2 | % | -4.9 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 148.61 | -12.1 | % | $ | 128.92 | -10.9 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 96.86 | -18.3 | % | $ | 82.83 | -17.3 | % |
(1) | We report financial results for all properties on a period-end basis, but report statistics for properties located outside the continental United States and Canada on a month-end basis. For the properties located in countries that use currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the comparison to 2008 was on a constant U.S. dollar basis. |
(2) | Composite Luxury includes worldwide properties for The Ritz-Carlton and Bulgari Hotels & Resorts brands. |
(3) | Total Worldwide statistics include all properties worldwide for Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, SpringHill Suites, and The Ritz-Carlton brands. Statistics for properties located in the continental United States and Canada (except for The Ritz-Carlton) represent the fifty-two and fifty-three weeks ended January 1, 2010, and January 2, 2009, respectively. Statistics for all The Ritz-Carlton brand properties and properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada represent the twelve months ended December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008. |
42
Comparable Company-Operated North American Properties (1) |
Comparable Systemwide North American Properties (1) | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | Change vs. 2007 | 2008 | Change vs. 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Marriott Hotels & Resorts (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
70.5 | % | -2.1 | % | pts. | 68.0 | % | -2.5 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 178.24 | 1.3 | % | $ | 163.37 | 1.4 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 125.69 | -1.6 | % | $ | 111.02 | -2.2 | % | ||||||||||
Renaissance Hotels |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
69.4 | % | -1.4 | % | pts. | 68.9 | % | -1.7 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 167.17 | 0.4 | % | $ | 155.35 | 0.3 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 116.05 | -1.5 | % | $ | 107.08 | -2.1 | % | ||||||||||
Composite North American Full-Service (3) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
70.3 | % | -2.0 | % | pts. | 68.1 | % | -2.3 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 176.30 | 1.2 | % | $ | 162.07 | 1.2 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 123.98 | -1.6 | % | $ | 110.38 | -2.2 | % | ||||||||||
The Ritz-Carlton North America |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
68.6 | % | -3.1 | % | pts. | 68.6 | % | -3.1 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 335.52 | -0.4 | % | $ | 335.52 | -0.4 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 230.13 | -4.7 | % | $ | 230.13 | -4.7 | % | ||||||||||
Composite North American Full-Service and Luxury (4) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
70.2 | % | -2.1 | % | pts. | 68.1 | % | -2.4 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 190.29 | 0.7 | % | $ | 171.24 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 133.52 | -2.2 | % | $ | 116.67 | -2.5 | % | ||||||||||
Residence Inn |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
74.8 | % | -2.2 | % | pts. | 75.4 | % | -2.0 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 126.06 | 0.2 | % | $ | 125.62 | 1.5 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 94.32 | -2.7 | % | $ | 94.70 | -1.1 | % | ||||||||||
Courtyard |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
67.0 | % | -2.8 | % | pts. | 68.3 | % | -2.7 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 127.86 | -1.0 | % | $ | 126.01 | 0.4 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 85.71 | -4.9 | % | $ | 86.07 | -3.4 | % | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
nm | nm | 66.2 | % | -3.9 | % | pts. | |||||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
nm | nm | $ | 91.75 | 2.1 | % | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
nm | nm | $ | 60.78 | -3.5 | % | ||||||||||||
TownePlace Suites |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
68.7 | % | -4.7 | % | pts. | 69.4 | % | -3.4 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 87.46 | 1.0 | % | $ | 89.22 | 1.3 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 60.12 | -5.4 | % | $ | 61.88 | -3.4 | % | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
69.1 | % | -2.9 | % | pts. | 68.8 | % | -3.2 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 109.00 | 0.2 | % | $ | 108.78 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 75.29 | -3.8 | % | $ | 74.85 | -3.6 | % | ||||||||||
Composite North American Limited-Service (5) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
69.4 | % | -2.7 | % | pts. | 69.9 | % | -2.8 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 123.69 | -0.5 | % | $ | 116.29 | 1.2 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 85.83 | -4.2 | % | $ | 81.24 | -2.8 | % | ||||||||||
Composite North American (6) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
69.8 | % | -2.4 | % | pts. | 69.2 | % | -2.7 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 160.85 | 0.4 | % | $ | 137.36 | 1.1 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 112.31 | -2.9 | % | $ | 95.04 | -2.7 | % |
(1) | Statistics are for properties located in the continental United States and Canada for the fifty-three and fifty-two weeks ended January 2, 2009, and December 28, 2007, respectively, except for The Ritz-Carlton for which the statistics are for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, and December 31, 2007. |
(2) | Marriott Hotels & Resorts includes JW Marriott properties. |
(3) | Composite North American Full-Service statistics include Marriott Hotels & Resorts and Renaissance Hotels properties. |
(4) | Composite North American Full-Service and Luxury includes Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, and The Ritz-Carlton properties. |
(5) | Composite North American Limited-Service statistics include Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties. |
(6) | Composite North American statistics include Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, SpringHill Suites, and The Ritz-Carlton properties. |
43
Comparable Company-Operated Properties (1) |
Comparable Systemwide Properties (1) | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | Change vs. 2007 | 2008 | Change vs. 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Caribbean and Latin America (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
74.1 | % | -0.9 | % | pts. | 70.4 | % | -1.6 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 195.63 | 11.6 | % | $ | 179.94 | 9.8 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 145.05 | 10.2 | % | $ | 126.71 | 7.4 | % | ||||||||||
Continental Europe (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
71.0 | % | -3.3 | % | pts. | 69.8 | % | -2.1 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 203.88 | 5.9 | % | $ | 207.79 | 7.4 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 144.82 | 1.2 | % | $ | 144.97 | 4.4 | % | ||||||||||
United Kingdom (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
74.8 | % | -2.0 | % | pts. | 74.2 | % | -2.3 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 175.32 | 1.3 | % | $ | 174.06 | 1.4 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 131.15 | -1.4 | % | $ | 129.09 | -1.7 | % | ||||||||||
Middle East and Africa (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
75.4 | % | 2.5 | % | pts. | 75.4 | % | 2.5 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 165.72 | 10.6 | % | $ | 165.72 | 10.6 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 125.01 | 14.4 | % | $ | 125.01 | 14.4 | % | ||||||||||
Asia Pacific (2), (3) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
70.6 | % | -4.0 | % | pts. | 71.0 | % | -3.9 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 155.27 | 5.5 | % | $ | 157.13 | 4.7 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 109.65 | -0.2 | % | $ | 111.52 | -0.8 | % | ||||||||||
Regional Composite (4), (5) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
72.5 | % | -2.4 | % | pts. | 71.4 | % | -2.2 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 180.81 | 6.0 | % | $ | 181.02 | 6.3 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 131.00 | 2.6 | % | $ | 129.21 | 3.1 | % | ||||||||||
International Luxury (6) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
69.8 | % | -0.5 | % | pts. | 69.8 | % | -0.5 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 315.83 | 7.4 | % | $ | 315.83 | 7.4 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 220.60 | 6.6 | % | $ | 220.60 | 6.6 | % | ||||||||||
Total International (7) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
72.2 | % | -2.2 | % | pts. | 71.2 | % | -2.1 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 195.65 | 6.5 | % | $ | 193.29 | 6.7 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 141.18 | 3.3 | % | $ | 137.69 | 3.6 | % |
(1) | We report financial results for all properties on a period-end basis, but report statistics for properties located outside the continental United States and Canada on a month-end basis. The statistics are for January 1 through December 31. For the properties located in countries that use currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the comparison to 2007 was on a constant U.S. dollar basis. |
(2) | Regional information includes Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, and Courtyard properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada. |
(3) | Excludes Hawaii. |
(4) | Includes Hawaii. |
(5) | Regional Composite statistics include all properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada for Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, and Courtyard brands. |
(6) | Includes The Ritz-Carlton properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada and Bulgari Hotels & Resorts properties. |
(7) | Total International includes Regional Composite statistics and statistics for The Ritz-Carlton International and Bulgari Hotels & Resorts brands. |
44
Comparable Company-Operated Properties (1) |
Comparable Systemwide Properties (1) | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | Change vs. 2007 | 2008 | Change vs. 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Composite Luxury (2) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
69.2 | % | -1.9 | % | pts. | 69.2 | % | -1.9 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 326.63 | 2.7 | % | $ | 326.63 | 2.7 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 225.87 | -0.1 | % | $ | 225.87 | -0.1 | % | ||||||||||
Total Worldwide (3) |
||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
70.4 | % | -2.3 | % | pts. | 69.5 | % | -2.6 | % | pts. | ||||||||
Average Daily Rate |
$ | 170.20 | 2.1 | % | $ | 146.02 | 2.2 | % | ||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 119.88 | -1.1 | % | $ | 101.48 | -1.5 | % |
(1) | We report financial results for all properties on a period-end basis, but report statistics for properties located outside the continental United States and Canada on a month-end basis. For the properties located in countries that use currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the comparison to 2007 was on a constant U.S. dollar basis. |
(2) | Composite Luxury includes worldwide properties for The Ritz-Carlton and Bulgari Hotels & Resorts brands. |
(3) | Total Worldwide statistics include all properties worldwide for Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, SpringHill Suites, and The Ritz-Carlton brands. Statistics for properties located in the continental United States and Canada (except for The Ritz-Carlton) represent the fifty-three and fifty-two weeks ended January 2, 2009, and December 28, 2007, respectively. Statistics for all The Ritz-Carlton brand properties and properties located outside of the continental United States and Canada represent the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, and December 31, 2007. |
45
North American Full-Service Lodging includes Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Marriott Conference Centers, JW Marriott, Renaissance Hotels, and Renaissance ClubSport.
Annual Change | |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009/2008 | 2008/2007 | ||||||||||
Segment revenues |
$ | 4,848 | $ | 5,631 | $ | 5,476 | -14 | % | 3 | % | |||||
Segment results |
$ | 272 | $ | 419 | $ | 478 | -35 | % | -12 | % | |||||
2009 Compared to 2008
In 2009, across our North American Full-Service Lodging segment, we added 11 properties (3,645 rooms) and 3 properties (800 rooms) left the system.
In 2009, RevPAR for comparable company-operated North American full-service properties decreased by 17.0 percent to $103.87, occupancy decreased by 4.3 percentage points to 66.1 percent, and average daily rates decreased by 11.6 percent to $157.10.
The $147 million decrease in segment results, compared to 2008, primarily reflected a $71 million decrease in incentive management fees, a $60 million decrease in base management and franchise fees, a $15 million decrease in owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses, and a $3 million increase in general, administrative, and other expenses, partially offset by a $4 million increase in gains and other income.
The $71 million decrease in incentive management fees was largely due to lower property-level revenue and margins in 2009 compared to 2008, a result of weak demand, partially offset by property-level cost controls. Fifty-one properties paid incentive fees in 2009 compared to 101 in 2008. The $60 million decrease in base management and franchise fees was primarily driven by lower RevPAR.
Owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses, decreased $15 million and primarily reflected $18 million of net losses in 2009 associated with several properties with weak demand, partially offset by a favorable variance of $3 million related to a property that was being renovated, and as a result was not operating at full capacity during 2008.
The $4 million increase in gains and other income primarily reflected a favorable variance associated with one property that was sold for a loss in the 2008 period.
The $3 million decrease in general, administrative, and other expenses primarily reflected an $8 million impairment charge related to the write-off of contract acquisition costs for one property and a $7 million impairment charge related to a security deposit, both of which we deemed unrecoverable in 2009 (see the Other Charges caption in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for more information), which were mostly offset by $12 million in cost reductions.
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with our North American Full-Service segment properties totaled $4,322 million in 2009, compared to $4,951 million in 2008.
2008 Compared to 2007
In 2008, across our North American Full-Service Lodging segment, we added 15 properties (4,611 rooms) and three properties (493 rooms) left the system.
In 2008, RevPAR for comparable company-operated North American full-service properties decreased by 1.6 percent to $123.98, occupancy decreased by 2.0 percentage points to 70.3 percent, and average daily rates increased by 1.2 percent to $176.30.
The $59 million decrease in segment results, compared to 2007, primarily reflected a $35 million decrease in incentive management fees and a $25 million decrease in owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses, partially offset by a $2 million increase in base management and franchise fees.
The $35 million decrease in incentive management fees was in part due to the recognition, in 2007, of business interruption insurance proceeds totaling $12 million associated with Hurricane Katrina and also reflected lower demand and property-level margins in 2008 compared to 2007. The slight increase of $2 million in base management and franchise fees was a product of unit growth and an additional week of sales, mostly offset by lower RevPAR.
The decrease in owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses of $25 million primarily reflected an unfavorable $7 million impact associated with two properties undergoing renovations in 2008, $8 million of losses associated with three properties, one of which was a new property that opened in 2008, $5 million of lower contract termination fees received, $2 million of lower land rent income, and an unfavorable $3 million impact associated with one property that was sold in 2007 and is now a managed property.
46
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with our North American Full-Service segment properties totaled $4,951 million in 2008, compared to $4,782 million in 2007.
North American Limited-Service Lodging includes Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, SpringHill Suites, Residence Inn, TownePlace Suites, and Marriott ExecuStay.
Annual Change | |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009/2008 | 2008/2007 | ||||||||||
Segment revenues |
$ | 1,986 | $ | 2,233 | $ | 2,198 | -11 | % | 2 | % | |||||
Segment results |
$ | 265 | $ | 395 | $ | 461 | -33 | % | -14 | % | |||||
2009 Compared to 2008
In 2009, across our North American Limited-Service Lodging segment, we added 207 properties (24,346 rooms) and 4 properties (588 rooms) left the system. The properties that left the system were mainly franchised hotels associated with our Fairfield Inn & Suites brand.
In 2009, RevPAR for comparable company-operated North American limited-service properties decreased by 20.0 percent to $68.83, occupancy for these properties decreased by 5.8 percentage points to 63.5 percent, and average daily rates decreased by 12.7 percent to $108.33.
The $130 million decrease in segment results, compared to 2008, reflected $59 million of lower base management and franchise fees, $35 million of lower incentive management fees, $17 million of lower owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses, $9 million of lower joint venture equity earnings, $6 million of lower gains and other income, and $4 million of higher general, administrative, and other expenses.
The $59 million decrease in base management and franchise fees was largely due to lower demand and significantly lower RevPAR, partially offset by new unit growth. The $35 million decrease in incentive management fees was largely due to lower property-level revenue and margins resulting from weak demand, partially offset by property-level cost controls. Twenty-three properties paid incentive fees in 2009, compared to 256 in 2008.
The $17 million decrease in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses primarily reflected $11 million in lower revenue and property-level margins associated with weaker demand at certain leased properties and $6 million of lower property-level margins associated with our corporate housing business. The $9 million decrease in joint venture equity earnings primarily reflected equity losses at one of our joint ventures as the related properties experienced weak demand.
The $4 million increase in general, administrative, and other expenses primarily reflected a $42 million impairment charge related to two security deposits that we deemed unrecoverable in 2009 due, in part, to our decision not to fund certain cash flow shortfalls, mostly offset by a $15 million accrual in 2008 for the expected funding of those cash flow shortfalls and an $11 million reversal in 2009 of the remaining balance of that 2008 accrual due to the decision to no longer fund those cash flow shortfalls (see the Other Charges caption in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for more information). The net increase of $16 million associated with the 2008 accrual and 2009 impairment charge was partially offset by an $11 million decrease in general, administrative, and other expenses, primarily reflecting cost reductions that were part of our cost containment efforts.
The $6 million decrease in gains and other income reflected the lack of dividend distributions in the current year from one joint venture, which had a decline in available cash flow as a result of the weak demand environment.
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with our North American Limited-Service segment properties totaled $1,419 million in 2009, compared to $1,541 million in 2008.
2008 Compared to 2007
In 2008, across our North American Limited-Service Lodging segment, we added 168 properties (19,747 rooms) and 21 properties (2,519 rooms) left the system. The properties that left the system were primarily associated with our Fairfield Inn & Suites brand.
47
In 2008, RevPAR for comparable company-operated North American limited-service properties decreased by 4.2 percent to $85.83, occupancy decreased by 2.7 percentage points to 69.4 percent, and average daily rates decreased by 0.5 percent to $123.69.
The $66 million decrease in segment results, compared to 2007, reflected $43 million of lower incentive management fees, $14 million of higher general, administrative, and other expenses, $13 million of lower owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses, and $4 million of lower gains and other income, partially offset by a $10 million increase in base management and franchise fees.
The $10 million increase in base management and franchise fees was largely due to unit growth, partially offset by a decrease in relicensing fees. The $43 million decrease in incentive management fees was largely due to lower property-level revenue and margins and the recognition, in 2007, of $15 million of incentive management fees that were calculated based on prior periods results, but not earned and due until 2007.
The $14 million increase in general, administrative, and other expenses reflected a $15 million charge related to a shortfall funding under a guarantee (see the Other Charges caption in Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information). The $13 million decrease in owned, leased, corporate housing, and other revenue net of direct expenses primarily reflected $6 million of franchise agreement termination fees received in 2007, which were primarily associated with Fairfield Inn & Suites brand properties that left our system, and $7 million of lower income due to lower revenue and property-level margins associated with weaker demand at certain leased properties.
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with our North American Limited-Service segment properties totaled $1,541 million in 2008, compared to $1,470 million in 2007.
International Lodging includes International Marriott Hotels & Resorts, International JW Marriott, International Renaissance Hotels, International Courtyard, International Fairfield Inn & Suites, International Residence Inn, and Marriott Executive Apartments.
Annual Change | |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009/2008 | 2008/2007 | ||||||||||
Segment revenues |
$ | 1,145 | $ | 1,544 | $ | 1,594 | -26 | % | -3 | % | |||||
Segment results |
$ | 129 | $ | 246 | $ | 271 | -48 | % | -9 | % | |||||
2009 Compared to 2008
In 2009, across our International Lodging segment, we added 30 properties (8,734 rooms) and 8 properties (1,714 rooms) left the system largely due to quality issues.
In 2009, RevPAR for comparable company-operated international properties decreased by 18.0 percent to $108.45, occupancy for these properties decreased by 4.9 percentage points to 66.3 percent, and average daily rates decreased by 11.9 percent to $163.64. RevPAR declined in most markets around the world.
The $117 million decrease in segment results in 2009, compared to 2008, primarily reflected a $45 million decrease in incentive management fees, a $40 million decrease in owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses, a $25 million decrease in base management and franchise fees, an $8 million decrease in gains and other income, a decrease of $9 million in joint venture equity earnings, and $2 million in restructuring costs, partially offset by an $11 million decrease in general, administrative, and other expenses.
The $45 million decrease in incentive management fees was largely due to lower property-level margins, driven by weak demand and, to a lesser extent, unfavorable foreign exchange rates compared to 2008, partially offset by property-level cost controls. The $25 million decrease in base management and franchise fees was driven mainly by lower RevPAR, impacted by weak demand and, to a lesser extent, unfavorable foreign exchange rates, somewhat offset by the impact of new room additions.
The $40 million decrease in owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses primarily reflected $23 million of weaker results, driven by weak demand and lower RevPAR at some owned and leased properties, $13 million of lower termination fees, and $3 million of lower income reflecting conversions from leased properties to managed properties.
The $8 million decrease in gains and other income reflected miscellaneous gain activity in 2008 that did not occur in 2009. Restructuring costs totaling $2 million reflected severance and fringe benefit costs. See the Footnote No. 21, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges for more information.
48
The $9 million decrease in joint venture equity earnings was primarily driven by a $3 million impairment charge and $12 million in lower equity results at three joint ventures primarily reflecting lower demand. See Footnote No. 21, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges for more information on the joint venture impairment. The decrease also reflected an $11 million unfavorable impact in 2008 associated with tax law changes in a country in which two joint ventures operate, partially offset by a $5 million favorable impact associated with insurance proceeds received by one of those same joint ventures in 2008.
The $11 million decrease in general, administrative, and other expenses reflected $15 million in cost reductions due to our cost containment efforts, partially offset by $3 million in guarantee reserves for two properties. See the Other Charges caption in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for more information.
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with our International segment properties totaled $529 million in 2009, compared to $707 million in 2008.
2008 Compared to 2007
In 2008, across our International Lodging segment, we added 21 properties (6,619 rooms) and 16 properties (3,905 rooms) left the system, primarily due to quality issues.
In 2008, RevPAR for comparable company-operated international properties increased by 2.6 percent to $131.00, occupancy for these properties decreased by 2.4 percentage points to 72.5 percent, and average daily rates increased by 6.0 percent to $180.81. Results for our international operations were favorable across most regions, but weakened progressively throughout 2008 and especially in the fourth quarter. RevPAR increases compared to the prior year were strongest in the Middle East, Central and Southeast Asia, South America, and Central Europe.
The $25 million decrease in segment results in 2008, compared to the prior year, primarily reflected a $32 million decrease in gains and other income, a $15 million increase in general, administrative, and other expenses, and a decrease of $5 million in joint venture equity earnings, partially offset by an $18 million increase in incentive management fees and an $11 million increase in combined base management and franchise fees. Owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses remained unchanged in 2008 compared to the prior year.
The increase in fees was largely due to higher RevPAR, driven by rate increases and, to a lesser extent, reflected unit growth and cost control plans, which increased property-level margins and incentive management fees.
The $32 million decrease in gains and other income in 2008, compared to 2007, reflected the recognition of gains totaling $9 million in 2008, compared to gains in 2007 of $41 million. The 2007 gains primarily reflected a $10 million gain associated with the sale of a joint venture and a gain totaling $23 million associated with sales of real estate. The $15 million increase in general, administrative, and other expenses reflected higher wage and benefit costs and costs associated with unit growth and development.
Joint venture equity results were lower than the prior year by $5 million primarily reflecting an unfavorable $11 million impact associated with tax law changes in a country in which two joint ventures operate, partially offset by a $5 million favorable impact associated with insurance proceeds received by one of those same joint ventures.
Owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct of expenses remained unchanged and reflected $17 million of lower income, reflecting conversions from owned properties to managed properties, which was completely offset by $11 million of stronger results at some properties, $5 million of higher termination fees, and $1 million of higher branding fees.
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with our International segment properties totaled $707 million in 2008, compared to $741 million in 2007.
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Luxury Lodging includes The Ritz-Carlton and Bulgari Hotels & Resorts.
Annual Change | |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009/2008 | 2008/2007 | ||||||||||
Segment revenues |
$ | 1,413 | $ | 1,659 | $ | 1,576 | -15 | % | 5 | % | |||||
Segment results |
$ | 17 | $ | 78 | $ | 72 | -78 | % | 8 | % | |||||
2009 Compared to 2008
In 2009, across our Luxury Lodging segment, we added 5 properties (916 rooms) and 1 property (374 rooms) left the system. In addition, we added 3 residential products (453 units) in 2009.
In 2009, RevPAR for comparable company-operated luxury properties decreased by 22.7 percent to $175.66, occupancy for these properties decreased by 6.8 percentage points to 59.5 percent, and average daily rates decreased by 13.8 percent to $295.11. Luxury Lodging has been particularly hurt by weak demand associated with the financial services industry and other corporate group business.
The $61 million decrease in segment results, compared to 2008, reflected a $20 million decrease in joint venture equity earnings, a $17 million decrease in base management fees, $13 million of lower owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses, a $6 million decrease in incentive management fees, and $5 million of increased general, administrative, and other expenses.
The $20 million decrease in joint venture equity earnings primarily reflected a $30 million impairment charge in 2009 associated with a joint venture investment that we determined to be fully impaired, partially offset by a $9 million impairment charge associated with a joint venture investment that we determined to be fully impaired in 2008 (see the Other Charges caption in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for more information).
The $17 million decrease in base management fees was largely driven by RevPAR declines associated with weaker demand. The $6 million decrease in incentive management fees was largely due to lower property-level revenue and margins in 2009 compared to 2008, a result of weak demand, partially offset by property-level cost controls and new unit growth.
The $13 million decrease in owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses primarily reflected $5 million of lower results at three properties driven by weak demand and the resulting RevPAR declines in 2009 and $6 million of lower residential branding fees.
The $5 million increase in general, administrative, and other expenses in 2009 reflected $4 million in bad debt expense related to an accounts receivable balance we deemed to be uncollectible, $5 million of expenses primarily related to write-offs of other assets that we deemed non-recoverable, $3 million in start-up costs related to a new brand, and a $2 million performance cure payment for one property, partially offset by $9 million in cost reductions related to our cost containment efforts.
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with our Luxury segment properties totaled $1,143 million in 2009, compared to $1,350 million in 2008.
2008 Compared to 2007
In 2008, across our Luxury Lodging segment, we added four properties (1,195 rooms) and one property (517 rooms) left the system. In addition, we added seven residential products (654 units) in 2008.
In 2008, RevPAR for comparable company-operated luxury properties decreased by 0.1 percent to $225.87, occupancy for these properties decreased by 1.9 percentage points to 69.2 percent, and average daily rates increased by 2.7 percent to $326.63.
The $6 million increase in segment results, compared to 2007, reflected a $7 million increase in base management and incentive management fees and $18 million of higher owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses, partially offset by $8 million of increased general, administrative, and other expenses, an $8 million decrease in joint venture equity earnings, $1 million of restructuring costs recorded in 2008, (see Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for additional information), and a $1 million decrease in gains and other income. The increase in fees over the year-ago period reflected new properties added to the system, partially offset by the receipt in 2007 of $5 million of business interruption insurance proceeds associated with hurricanes in prior years.
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The $18 million increase in owned, leased, and other revenue net of direct expenses reflected charges of $8 million in 2007 for depreciation expense associated with one property that was reclassified to held and used, as the property no longer satisfied the criteria to be classified as held for sale, compared to $6 million of depreciation charges for that same property in 2008, as well as expenses totaling $3 million in 2007 associated with opening a new leased property, $10 million of improved results in 2008 associated with two properties, one of which was being renovated in 2007, and $2 million of increased branding fees in 2008.
The $8 million increase in general, administrative, and other expenses primarily reflected costs associated with unit growth and development as well as bad debt expense related to accounts receivable deemed uncollectible (see the Other Charges caption in Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information).
The $8 million decrease in joint venture equity earnings primarily reflected a $9 million impairment charge associated with a joint venture investment that we determined to be fully impaired in 2008 (see the Other Charges caption in Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information).
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with our Luxury segment properties totaled $1,350 million in 2008, compared to $1,307 million in 2007.
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Timeshare includes our Marriott Vacation Club, The Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences, and Grand Residences by Marriott brands.
Annual Change | ||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009/2008 | 2008/2007 | |||||||||||||
Segment Revenues |
||||||||||||||||||
Segment revenues |
$ | 1,439 | $ | 1,750 | $ | 2,065 | -18 | % | -15 | % | ||||||||
Segment Results |
||||||||||||||||||
Base management fee revenue |
$ | 47 | $ | 42 | $ | 43 | ||||||||||||
Timeshare sales and services, net |
83 | 89 | 350 | |||||||||||||||
Timeshare strategy-impairment charges (operating) |
(614 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
Restructuring costs |
(45 | ) | (28 | ) | | |||||||||||||
Joint venture equity (losses) earnings |
(12 | ) | 11 | 10 | ||||||||||||||
Gains and other income |
2 | | | |||||||||||||||
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests |
11 | 25 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
General, administrative, and other expense |
(80 | ) | (111 | ) | (98 | ) | ||||||||||||
Timeshare strategy-impairment charges (non-operating) |
(71 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
Segment results |
$ | (679 | ) | $ | 28 | $ | 306 | -2,525 | % | -91 | % | |||||||
Sales and Services Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||
Development |
$ | 626 | $ | 953 | $ | 1,208 | ||||||||||||
Services |
330 | 336 | 315 | |||||||||||||||
Financing |
130 | 106 | 195 | |||||||||||||||
Other revenue |
37 | 28 | 29 | |||||||||||||||
Sales and services revenue |
$ | 1,123 | $ | 1,423 | $ | 1,747 | -21 | % | -19 | % | ||||||||
Contract Sales |
||||||||||||||||||
Timeshare |
$ | 685 | $ | 1,081 | $ | 1,221 | ||||||||||||
Fractional |
28 | 35 | 44 | |||||||||||||||
Residential |
8 | 10 | (9 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total company |
721 | 1,126 | 1,256 | |||||||||||||||
Timeshare |
| | 33 | |||||||||||||||
Fractional |
(21 | ) | (6 | ) | 54 | |||||||||||||
Residential |
(35 | ) | (44 | ) | 58 | |||||||||||||
Total joint venture |
(56 | ) | (50 | ) | 145 | |||||||||||||
Total Timeshare segment contract sales |
$ | 665 | $ | 1,076 | $ | 1,401 | -38 | % | -23 | % | ||||||||
2009 Compared to 2008
Timeshare segment contract sales, including sales made by our timeshare joint venture projects, represent sales of timeshare interval, fractional ownership, and residential ownership products before the adjustment for percentage-of-completion accounting. Timeshare segment contract sales decreased by $411 million (38 percent), compared to 2008, to $665 million from $1,076 million. The decrease in Timeshare segment contract sales in 2009, compared to 2008, reflected a $396 million decrease in timeshare contract sales and a $22 million decrease in fractional contract sales, partially offset by $7 million of lower residential net cancellation allowances on contract sales. Sales of fractional and timeshare intervals decreased significantly as a result of weak demand, but were partially offset by a decrease in cancellation allowances of $32 million, as compared with prior year, recorded in anticipation that a portion of contract revenue previously recorded under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for certain residential and fractional projects will not be realized due to contract cancellations prior to closing (see the Other Charges caption in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for additional information).
The $311 million decrease in Timeshare segment revenues to $1,439 million from $1,750 million primarily reflected a $300 million decrease in Timeshare sales and services revenue and a $16 million decrease in cost reimbursements revenue, partially offset by a $5 million increase in base management fees. The decrease in Timeshare sales and services revenue, compared to 2008, primarily reflected lower demand for timeshare intervals and to a lesser extent, residential products and the Asia Pacific points program, as well as lower revenue from projects with limited available inventory in 2009, and lower reacquired and resales revenue and services revenue. Partially offsetting the decrease was higher revenue from projects that became reportable subsequent to the 2008 fiscal year and higher financing revenue. Timeshare segment revenues in 2009 and 2008 included $46 million and $68 million, respectively, of interest income and note sale gains of $37 million and $16 million, respectively.
Segment losses of $679 million in 2009 increased by $707 million from $28 million of segment income in 2008, and reflected $685 million of impairments ($614 million of which we reported in the Timeshare strategy-impairment charges caption and $71 million of which we reported in the Timeshare strategy-impairment charges (non-operating) caption of our Consolidated Statements of Income. See Timeshare strategy-impairment charges section for more information on the impairments), $17 million of higher restructuring costs, $23 million in lower joint venture equity earnings, a $14 million
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decrease in net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests, and $6 million of lower Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses, partially offset by $31 million of lower general, administrative, and other expenses and $5 million of higher base management fees.
The $6 million decrease in Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses primarily reflected $50 million of lower development revenue net of product costs and marketing and selling costs and $17 million of lower services revenue net of expenses, mostly offset by $43 million of higher financing revenue net of financing expenses, $15 million of higher other revenue, net of expenses, and $3 million of higher reacquired and resales revenue, net of expenses. Lower development revenue net of product, marketing and selling costs primarily reflected lower revenue for timeshare intervals and to a lesser extent, lower revenue net of costs for our Asia Pacific points program, and a $10 million charge related to an issue with a state tax authority, partially offset by favorable reportability for several projects that reached revenue recognition reportability thresholds after 2008 and favorable variances from both a $22 million 2008 pretax impairment charge related to a joint venture that we fully consolidate ($10 million net of noncontrolling interest benefit) and a $9 million 2008 inventory write-down related to the termination of certain phases of timeshare development in Europe as noted in the 2008 Compared to 2007 discussion that follows.
The $43 million increase in financing revenue, net of financing costs, primarily reflected: (1) a $21 million increase in note sale gains, from $16 million in 2008, which included a $12 million charge related to hedge ineffectiveness, to $37 million in 2009, due to only one note sale in 2008 as compared with two note sales in 2009; (2) $22 million of increased residual interest accretion reflecting incremental accretion from the second quarter 2008, first quarter 2009, and fourth quarter 2009 note sales; (3) a $12 million decrease in the charge that reduced the valuation of residual interests to $20 million in 2009 from $32 million in 2008; and (4) a $13 million decrease in the cost of financing due to cost containment efforts. These favorable impacts were partially offset by $22 million of lower interest income because of lower notes receivable balances in 2009 due to the completion of the 2009 second and fourth quarter note sales; and $5 million of lower settlement revenue, net of expenses, due to lower settlement volume. The $20 million recorded charge for the reduced value of residual interests in 2009 consisted of a $19 million unfavorable impact for eight previously securitized pools that reached performance triggers as a result of increased defaults in 2009, partially offset by a $4 million benefit for the release of seven of the eight performance triggers later in 2009 due to improved loan performance, and a $5 million net unfavorable impact from changes in the assumptions for discount, default and prepayment rates that we used in our estimate of fair market value (see the Other Charges caption in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for more information).
The $17 million decrease in services revenue net of expenses was driven by lower rental revenue due to the weak demand and increased maintenance cost for unsold inventory. The $15 million increase in other revenue, net of expenses, was primarily a result of higher marketing and sales revenue.
The $17 million increase in restructuring costs reflected a $24 million increase in facilities exit costs and $1 million increase in severance costs, partially offset by an $8 million decrease in development cancellations (see the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for additional information).
The $31 million decrease in general, administrative, and other expenses reflected $33 million in cost savings primarily generated from the restructuring efforts initiated in 2008, which resulted in the elimination of certain positions and other cost reductions and a $4 million favorable variance due to development cancellations in 2008, partially offset by a $7 million 2009 write-off of capitalized software development costs related to a project for which we have decided not to pursue further development. See the Other Charges caption in the Restructuring Costs and Other Charges section for additional information on the write-off of capitalized software costs.
Joint venture equity earnings decreased by $23 million and primarily reflected decreased earnings from a joint venture, attributable to weak 2009 demand for a residential and fractional project.
The $14 million decrease in net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests primarily related to a $12 million noncontrolling interest benefit recorded in 2008 related to an impairment of a joint venture we consolidate.
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with Timeshare segment properties totaled $269 million in 2009, compared to $285 million in 2008.
2008 Compared to 2007
Timeshare segment contract sales decreased by $325 million (23 percent) compared to 2007 to $1,076 million from $1,401 million. The decrease in Timeshare segment contract sales in 2008, compared to the prior year, reflected a $173 million decrease in timeshare sales, an $83 million decrease in residential sales, and a $69 million decrease in fractional sales. The decrease in timeshare contract sales reflected the impact of projects approaching sellout and significantly lower demand. Sales of residential and fractional units were significantly impacted by weak demand, as well
53
as increased cancellation allowances of $115 million recorded in anticipation that a portion of contract revenue previously recorded under the percentage-of-completion method for certain projects will not be realized due to contract cancellations prior to closing (see the Other Charges caption of Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for additional information).
The $315 million decrease in Timeshare segment revenues to $1,750 million from $2,065 million reflected a $324 million decrease in Timeshare sales and services revenue, and a $1 million decrease in base management fees, partially offset by a $10 million increase in cost reimbursements revenue. The decrease in Timeshare sales and services revenue, compared to the prior year, primarily reflected lower demand for timeshare interval, fractional, and residential projects, lower revenue from projects with limited available inventory in 2008, a decrease of $65 million in note sale gains in 2008, a $32 million impact from the reduced valuation of residual interests, contract cancellation allowances of $17 million, low reportability in 2008 associated with newer projects that have not yet reached revenue recognition reportability thresholds, as well as the recognition, in 2007, of revenues received in prior years for several projects that reached reportability thresholds in 2007. Partially offsetting the decrease was higher revenue associated with the Asia Pacific points program, revenue that became reportable subsequent to the 2007 fiscal year, and increased services revenue. Timeshare segment revenues for 2008 and 2007 included $68 million and $50 million, respectively, of interest income and note sale gains of $16 million and $81 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Segment results of $28 million in 2008 decreased by $278 million from $306 million in 2007, and reflected $261 million of lower Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses, $28 million of restructuring costs, and $13 million of higher general, administrative, and other expenses, partially offset by $24 million of higher net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests and $1 million in higher joint venture equity earnings.
The $261 million decrease in Timeshare sales and services revenue net of direct expenses primarily reflected $138 million of lower development revenue net of product costs and marketing and selling costs, $95 million of lower financing revenue net of financing expenses, $34 million of lower reacquired and resales revenue net of expenses, partially offset by $4 million of higher services revenue net of expenses, and $2 million of lower joint venture related expenses. Lower development revenue net of product costs and marketing and selling costs primarily reflected lower demand for timeshare interval, fractional, and residential projects, increased marketing and sales costs, lower revenue from several projects with limited available inventory in 2008, start-up costs in 2008 for newer projects, low reportability in 2008 associated with newer projects that have not yet reached revenue recognition reportability thresholds, revenue recognition for several projects in 2007 that reached reportability thresholds, a $9 million impact from inventory write-downs related to the termination of certain phases of timeshare development in Europe, and a $5 million net impact from contract cancellation allowances (see the Other Charges caption of Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for additional information). In addition, development revenue net of product costs and marketing and selling costs reflected an impairment charge. We recorded a pretax charge of $22 million ($10 million net of noncontrolling interest benefit) in the 2008 third quarter within the Timeshare-direct caption of our Consolidated Statements of Income related to the impairment of a fractional and whole ownership real estate project held for development by a joint venture that we consolidate. We made the adjustment in accordance with the guidance for accounting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets to adjust the carrying value of the real estate to its estimated fair value at year-end 2008. The predominant items we considered in our analysis were the downturn in market conditions including contract cancellations, and tightening in the credit markets, especially for jumbo mortgage loans. We estimated the fair value of the inventory utilizing a probability weighted cash flow model that reflected our expectations of future performance discounted at a 10 year risk-free interest rate determined from the yield curve for U.S. Treasury instruments (3.68 percent). The $25 million noncontrolling interests benefit reflected our joint venture partners portion of the losses of subsidiaries that we consolidate. The $25 million noncontrolling interests benefit also reflected the impact of the pretax benefit of $12 million in 2008, representing our joint venture partners pretax share of the $22 million impairment charge.
The $95 million decrease in financing revenue, net of financing costs, primarily reflected $65 million of lower note sale gains in 2008 compared to 2007, mostly attributable to higher note sale volumes in 2007, $42 million of lower residual interest accretion, and $6 million of increased financing costs, partially offset by $18 million of increased interest income. Lower note sale gains of $65 million reflected a $12 million charge in the 2008 fourth quarter related to hedge ineffectiveness on note sale hedges and the $42 million of lower residual interest accretion reflected a $32 million charge in the 2008 fourth quarter related to the reduction in the valuation of residual interests due to an increase in the market rate of interest at which future cash flows were discounted to estimate the fair market value (see the Other Charges caption of Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information regarding these charges). In 2008 and 2007, we sold notes receivable originated by our Timeshare segment in connection with the sale of timeshare interval and fractional ownership products of $300 million and $520 million, respectively. The $34 million of lower reacquired and resales revenue net of expenses represented increased marketing and selling costs coupled with increased product cost relative to prior year.
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The $28 million of restructuring costs represented $14 million in severance costs, $9 million in development cancellations, and $5 million in facility exit costs incurred as a result of restructuring initiatives at the segment (see Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information related to these initiatives and the costs incurred). The $13 million increase in general, administrative, and other expenses reflected increased costs associated with wages and benefits. Joint venture equity earnings increased $1 million and reflected $10 million of start-up losses incurred in 2007 for three joint ventures, mostly offset by $7 million of contract cancellation allowances recorded at one joint venture in 2008 (see the Other Charges caption of Footnote No. 20, Restructuring Costs and Other Charges, in our 2008 Form 10-K for additional information) and $3 million of lower earnings in 2008 at one joint venture.
Cost reimbursements revenue and expenses associated with Timeshare segment properties totaled $285 million in 2008, compared to $275 million in 2007.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Synthetic Fuel
The tax credits provided under IRC Section 45K were only available for the production and sale of synthetic fuels produced from coal through December 31, 2007. Given high oil prices during 2007 and the anticipated and related phase-out of a significant portion of tax credits available for synthetic fuel produced and sold in 2007, we permanently ceased operations at our synthetic fuel facilities on November 3, 2007 and report this business as a discontinued operation. See Footnote No. 3, Discontinued Operations-Synthetic Fuel, in this report for additional information regarding the Synthetic Fuel segment.
2008 Compared to 2007
The synthetic fuel operation generated revenue of $1 million in 2008 and $352 million in 2007. Income from the Synthetic Fuel segment totaled $3 million, net of tax, in 2008, compared to a loss of $1 million in 2007. Income from the Synthetic Fuel segment of $3 million for 2008 primarily reflected the recognition in 2008 of additional tax credits as a result of the determination by the Secretary of the Treasury in 2008 of the Reference Price of a barrel of oil for 2007, partially offset by payments due to third parties based on the amount of additional tax credits.
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Under our 2002 Comprehensive Stock and Cash Incentive Plan, we award: (1) stock options to purchase our Class A Common Stock (Stock Option Program); (2) stock appreciation rights (SARs); (3) restricted stock units of our Class A Common Stock; and (4) deferred stock units. We grant awards at exercise prices or strike prices that are equal to the market price of our Class A Common Stock on the date of grant.
During 2009, we granted 0.8 million restricted stock units and 0.5 million Employee SARs, 5,600 Non-employee SARs, and 39,000 deferred stock units. See Footnote No. 4, Share-Based Compensation, later in this report for additional information.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Footnote No. 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for information on both (1) our adoption of new accounting standards in 2009, none of which had a material impact on our financial statements and (2) our first quarter of 2010 adoption of the following recently issued accounting standards and the estimated initial impact of those adoptions on our financial statements: Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 166, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets-an amendment of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement No. 140, or Accounting Standards Update No. 2009-16, Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, and FAS No. 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), or Accounting Standards Update No. 2009-17, Consolidations (Topic 810): Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities. The impact of adopting these recently issued accounting standards could, in subsequent periods, also prevent us from meeting the derecognition criteria of ASC 860, and, accordingly, prevent us from achieving sale accounting for future securitization transactions because the underlying securitization vehicles may require consolidation.
We estimate that if we had adopted the aforementioned new accounting standards as of the first day of our 2009 fiscal year, we would have reported an increase in income from continuing operations before income taxes for fiscal-year 2009 of approximately $18 million, primarily attributable to the difference between the increased amount of interest income from notes held (net of interest expense to third party debt holders) and the previously recorded accretion income attributed to residual interests for our past securitization transactions. After we adopt these new accounting standards, we will recognize higher amounts of interest income from notes held and interest expense, and we will no longer recognize gains from the sales of our timeshare notes.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Requirements and Our Credit Facilities
Although we are predominantly a manager and franchisor of hotel properties, we depend on capital to buy, develop, and improve hotels, as well as to develop timeshare properties. Capital markets were disrupted in the fourth quarter of 2008 and have remained challenging due to the worldwide financial crisis. We monitor the status of the capital markets and regularly evaluate the effect that changes in capital market conditions may have on our ability to execute our announced growth plans. We also periodically evaluate opportunities to issue and sell additional debt or equity securities, obtain credit facilities from lenders, or repurchase, refinance, or otherwise restructure our long-term debt for strategic reasons, or to further strengthen our financial position.
Our Credit Facility, which expires on May 14, 2012, and associated letters of credit, provide for $2.4 billion of aggregate effective borrowings and has supported our commercial paper program. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a fixed spread based on the credit ratings for our public debt. We also pay quarterly fees on the Credit Facility at a rate based on our public debt rating. For additional information on our Credit Facility, including participating financial institutions, see Exhibit 10, Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2007.
The Credit Facility contains certain covenants, including a single financial covenant that limits the Companys maximum leverage (consisting of Adjusted Total Debt to Consolidated EBITDA, each as defined in the Credit Facility) to not more than 4 to 1. Our outstanding public debt does not contain a corresponding financial covenant or a requirement that we maintain certain financial ratios. We currently satisfy the covenants in our Credit Facility and public debt instruments, including the leverage covenant under the Credit Facility, and do not expect the covenants to restrict our ability to meet our anticipated borrowing and guarantee levels or increase those levels should we need to do so in the future.
We believe the Credit Facility, together with cash we expect to generate from operations, remains adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans, meet debt service, and fulfill other cash requirements.
At year-end 2009, our available borrowing capacity amounted to $1.978 billion and reflected borrowing capacity of $1.863 billion under our Credit Facility and our cash balance of $115 million. Borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility of $1.863 billion was calculated as $2.404 billion of allowable effective aggregate borrowings under our Credit Facility, less letters of credit outstanding totaling $116 million, and less Credit Facility borrowings outstanding of $425 million. As noted in the previous paragraphs, we anticipate that this available capacity will be adequate to fund our liquidity needs and because we continue to have ample flexibility under the Credit Facilitys covenants, we expect that undrawn bank commitments under the Credit Facility will remain available to us even if business conditions become considerably worse than we currently anticipate.
Until the 2008 fourth quarter, when disruptions in the financial markets significantly reduced liquidity in the commercial paper market, we regularly issued short-term commercial paper primarily in the United States and, to a much lesser extent, in Europe. At that time we suspended issuing commercial paper and used funds borrowed under the Credit Facility to repay all of our previously issued commercial paper as it matured. Our Standard and Poors commercial paper rating at the end of 2009 was A3. Because the current market for A3 commercial paper is very limited, it would be very difficult to rely on the use of this market as a meaningful source of liquidity, and we do not anticipate issuing commercial paper under these conditions.
When we had commercial paper outstanding, we classified it as long-term debt based on our ability and intent to refinance it on a long-term basis. We reserved unused capacity under our Credit Facility to repay outstanding commercial paper borrowings in the event that the commercial paper market was not available to us for any reason when outstanding borrowings matured, as was the case in the 2008 fourth quarter. Given our borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility, the limitations on our ability to access the commercial paper market and fluctuations in the costs of issuing commercial paper have not affected our liquidity, and we do not expect they will do so in the future.
In 2009, the three major credit rating agencies reduced our long-term debt ratings to their lowest investment grade level. Although the agencies published outlooks indicate that they do not currently plan to reduce our debt ratings to below investment grade, we cannot assure you that our ratings will remain at their current levels. Any further downgrades of our long-term debt ratings by Standard & Poors, Moodys Investor Service, Fitch Ratings, or other similar rating agencies could increase our cost of capital, limit our access to the capital markets, or permit access only on terms that are more restrictive than those of our current outstanding debt.
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On September 15, 2009, we made a $79 million cash payment of principal and interest to retire, at maturity, all of our then outstanding Series C Senior Notes. We do not have any further public debt maturities until June 15, 2012.
Cash from Operations
Cash from operations, depreciation expense, and amortization expense for the last three fiscal years are as follows:
($ in millions) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Cash from operations |
$ | 868 | $ | 641 | $ | 778 | |||
Depreciation expense |
151 | 155 | 162 | ||||||
Amortization expense |
34 | 35 | 35 |
Our ratio of current assets to current liabilities was roughly 1.2 to 1.0 at year-end 2009 and 1.3 to 1.0 at year-end 2008. We minimize working capital through cash management, strict credit-granting policies, and aggressive collection efforts. We also have significant borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility should we need additional working capital.
Our ratios of earnings to fixed charges for the last five fiscal years, the calculations of which are detailed in Exhibit 12 to our 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K, are as follows:
Fiscal Years | ||||||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
| 3.1x | 4.3x | 5.3x | 4.6x |
In response to significantly lower demand for our timeshare products, we have correspondingly reduced our projected investment in new development. See Timeshare Strategy-Impairment Charges in this Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation section for additional information. While our Timeshare segment historically generates positive operating cash flow, year-to-year cash flow varies based on the timing of both cash outlays for the acquisition and development of new resorts and cash received from purchaser financing. We include timeshare reportable sales that we finance in cash from operations when we collect cash payments or when the notes are sold for cash. The following table shows the net operating activity from our Timeshare segment (which does not include the portion of income from continuing operations from our Timeshare segment).
($ in millions) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Timeshare segment development in excess of cost of sales |
$ | (4 | ) | $ | (299 | ) | $ | (55 | ) | |||
New Timeshare segment mortgages, net of collections |
(147 | ) | (525 | ) | (559 | ) | ||||||
Note repurchases |
(81 | ) | (56 | ) | (30 | ) | ||||||
Financially reportable sales less than (in excess of) closed sales |
29 | 126 | (16 | ) | ||||||||
Note sale gains |
(37 | ) | (16 | ) | (81 | ) | ||||||
Note sale proceeds |
349 | 237 | 515 | |||||||||
Collection on retained interests in notes sold and servicing fees |
82 | 102 | 106 | |||||||||
Other cash (outflows) inflows |
(45 | ) | 33 | (35 | ) | |||||||
Net cash inflows (outflows) from Timeshare segment activity |
$ | 146 | $ | (398 | ) | $ | (155 |