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PART IV

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2013 Commission File Number 1-5794
MASCO CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware   38-1794485
(State of Incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
21001 Van Born Road, Taylor, Michigan   48180
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 313-274-7400
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class   Name of Each Exchange
On Which Registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value   New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer þ   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

The aggregate market value of the Registrant's Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant on June 28, 2013 (based on the closing sale price of $19.49 of the Registrant's Common Stock, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange on such date) was approximately $6,794,823,000.

Number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock at January 31, 2014:

356,404,200 shares of Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

   


Table of Contents

Masco Corporation
2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item
   
  Page
    PART I    
1.   Business   2
1A.   Risk Factors   8
1B.   Unresolved Staff Comments   13
2.   Properties   14
3.   Legal Proceedings   14
4.   Mine Safety Disclosures   14
    PART II    
5.   Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities   15
6.   Selected Financial Data   17
7.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   18
7A.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk   38
8.   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data   39
9.   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure   89
9A.   Controls and Procedures   89
9B.   Other Information   89
    PART III    
10.   Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance   90
11.   Executive Compensation   90
12.   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters   90
13.   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence   90
14.   Principal Accounting Fees and Services   90
    PART IV    
15.   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule   91
    Signatures   92

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PART I

Item 1.    Business.

        Masco Corporation manufactures, distributes and installs home improvement and building products, with an emphasis on brand-name consumer products and services holding leadership positions. We are among the largest manufacturers in North America of a number of home improvement and building products, including faucets, cabinets, architectural coatings and windows, and we are one of the largest installers of insulation for new home construction. We provide broad product offerings in a variety of styles and price points and distribute products through multiple channels, including directly to homebuilders and wholesale and retail channels. Approximately 81 percent of our 2013 sales were generated by our North American operations.

        Sales of home improvement and building products at retailers increased by almost 6 percent during 2013, despite continued economic uncertainties, weak consumer confidence and modest consumer spending. Housing starts increased approximately 18 percent during 2013, with the pace slowing in the second half of the year.

        Throughout 2013, we continued to focus on our four strategic initiatives to improve our performance, and we achieved gains in each of those areas. First, we are extending and expanding our product leadership positions by leveraging our brands and introducing innovative new and improved products. We believe that we gained market share in our North American plumbing business with our DELTA®, PEERLESS®, and BRIZO® brands, and internationally with our HANSGROHE® products. Our decorative architectural products businesses focused on the professional segment with BEHRPRO® paint and KILZ® PRO-X product lines. BEHR® paint also expanded its product offering by introducing its MARQUEE™ exterior paint and PREMIUM DECKOVER® solid color coating for wood and concrete surfaces and by pursuing international opportunities. Milgard Manufacturing, our manufacturer of windows in the western U.S., and our U.K. Window Group continued to gain share in their markets. Our Masco Contractor Services business continued to achieve share gains in the installation of insulation for the new home construction, retrofit and commercial channels.

        Another strategic initiative is to improve our performance by reducing costs, primarily through supply chain savings, and implementing lean principles and production process improvements. Over the last several years, we have taken out over $600 million of fixed costs, on a gross basis. We continue to seek improvements in our global supply chain to realize cost savings by or through simplifying the purchasing process and coordinating logistical operations.

        Another strategic initiative is to improve our underperforming businesses, and during 2013, we saw our Cabinets and Related Products and our Installation and Other Services segments return to profitability. Approximately one third ($200 million) of our fixed cost reduction was attributable to our cabinetry businesses and one third came from our insulation businesses. By lowering our breakeven point, each of these segments saw a return to profitability during 2013 at much lower levels of revenue than historically. By reducing our fixed costs, we believe that we are strengthening the foundation for continued growth. Our Installation segment continued its improvement during 2013 through incremental new home construction activity, cost reductions from lean processes, leveraging our ERP system and supply chain savings.

        Our final strategic initiative is strengthening our balance sheet through net debt reduction and maintaining strong liquidity through continued working capital improvements. We continued to reduce our debt by approximately $200 million through the retirement of notes due in August. At December 31, 2013, we had approximately $1.5 billion of cash, cash investments and short-term bank deposits.

        We believe that we have managed our businesses successfully through the economic crisis and subsequent recession of recent years. We believe that our focus on our strategic initiatives of expanding our product leadership positions, reducing costs, improving our underperforming businesses and

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strengthening our balance sheet have improved our performance and, as we continue to focus on these initiatives, will position us well as our markets continue to recover.

Recent Developments

        On January 8, 2014, we announced that Timothy Wadhams is retiring from his position as the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, effective February 14, 2014. Our Board of Directors has elected Keith J. Allman, age 51, to succeed Mr. Wadhams as President and Chief Executive Officer and to join the Company's Board of Directors, effective as of February 14, 2014. Mr. Allman joined the Company in 1998 and has served most recently as a Group President, with responsibilities for our Plumbing and North American Cabinet businesses. We thank Mr. Wadhams for his 37 years of service.

Our Business Segments

        We report our financial results in five business segments aggregated by similarity in products and services. The following table sets forth the contribution of our segments to net sales and operating profit (loss) for the three years ended December 31, 2013. Additional financial information concerning our operations by segment and by geographic regions, as well as general corporate expense, net, as of and for the three years ended December 31, 2013, is set forth in Note P to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Report.

 
   
  (In Millions)
 
 
  Net Sales (1)  
 
  2013   2012   2011  

Cabinets and Related Products

  $ 1,014   $ 939   $ 934  

Plumbing Products

    3,183     2,955     2,913  

Installation and Other Services

    1,412     1,209     1,077  

Decorative Architectural Products

    1,927     1,818     1,670  

Other Specialty Products

    637     574     576  
               

Total

  $ 8,173   $ 7,495   $ 7,170  
               
               
 
  Operating Profit (Loss)
(1)(2)(3)(4)
 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Cabinets and Related Products

  $ (10 ) $ (89 ) $ (126 )

Plumbing Products

    394     307     322  

Installation and Other Services

    37     (19 )   (79 )

Decorative Architectural Products

    351     329     196  

Other Specialty Products

    35     (31 )   (401 )
               

Total

  $ 807   $ 497   $ (88 )
               
               

(1)
Amounts exclude discontinued operations.

(2)
Operating profit (loss) is before general corporate expense, net, and gain on sale of fixed assets, net.

(3)
Operating profit (loss) is before net charges of $77 million regarding the 2012 litigation settlement, primarily in the Installation and Other Services segment and $9 million regarding the 2011 litigation settlements in the Cabinets and Related Products and the Other Specialty Products segments.

(4)
Operating profit (loss) includes impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets as follows: For 2012 – Other Specialty Products – $42 million. For 2011 – Plumbing Products – $1 million; Decorative Architectural Products – $75 million; and Other Specialty Products – $374 million.

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        All of our operating segments, except the Plumbing Products segment, normally experience stronger sales during the second and third calendar quarters, corresponding with the peak season for new home construction and repair and remodel activity.

Cabinets and Related Products

        In North America, we manufacture and sell value-priced, stock and semi-custom assembled cabinetry for kitchen, bath, storage, home office and home entertainment applications in a broad range of styles and price points to address consumer preferences. We have also expanded our product offerings in this segment to include the manufacture and sale of kitchen countertops, as well as an integrated bathroom vanity and countertop solution. In the United Kingdom, we manufacture and sell assembled and ready-to-assemble kitchen, bath, and storage cabinetry. Our KRAFTMAID® brand is sold primarily to dealers, home centers and mass merchants and our MERILLAT®, MOORES™ and QUALITY CABINETS™ brands are sold primarily to dealers and homebuilders for both home improvement and new home construction. Cabinet sales are significantly affected by levels of activity in both new home construction and retail consumer spending, particularly spending for major kitchen and bathroom renovation projects. A significant portion of our sales for home improvement are made through home center retailers.

        Our Cabinet segment was particularly affected by the economic downturn and decline in new home construction and repair and remodel activity. While improving, consumer spending for big ticket remodeling projects, including large kitchen and bath remodeling projects, continues to be below normal levels, which impacts our profitability. Although home construction is improving and is expected to continue to improve, the demand for new homes remains below the historic average and demand has increased for multi-family housing units, which are smaller than single-family housing units and require fewer cabinets for the kitchen and bathrooms. We continue our strategy to increase sales in this segment through brand building, new product introductions aimed to provide differentiated products to our multiple sales channels, and product innovation. We also continue to focus on our cost structure in this segment and improving cabinet production efficiencies.

        The cabinet manufacturing industry in the United States and the United Kingdom includes several large competitors and numerous local and regional competitors. In recent years, we have experienced significant competition in the form of discounts and new product offerings by our competitors, which have impacted the segment's results of operations. We also face competition from foreign manufacturers. In addition to price, we believe that competition in this industry is based largely on product quality, responsiveness to customer needs, product features and selection. Our North American competitors include American Woodmark Corporation and Fortune Brands Home & Security, Inc.

        The raw materials used in this segment are primarily hardwood lumber, plywood and particleboard, and are available from multiple sources, both domestic and foreign.

Plumbing Products

        The businesses in our Plumbing Products segment sell a wide variety of faucet, bathing and showering devices that are manufactured by or for us. The majority of our plumbing products are sold in North America and Europe under the brand names DELTA®, PEERLESS®, HANSGROHE®, AXOR®, BRIZO®, BRASSTECH®, BRISTAN™, GINGER®, NEWPORT BRASS and PLUMB SHOP®. Our products include single-handle and double-handle faucets, showerheads, handheld showers, valves, bathing units and toilets. These products are sold to major retail accounts and to wholesalers and distributors that, in turn, sell our products to plumbers, building contractors, remodelers, smaller retailers and others.

        In 2013, we began the process of integrating our plumbing products sold under our AQUA GLASS® and AMERICAN SHOWER & BATH™ brands into the DELTA and PEERLESS brands. As a result of the integration, we exited the wholesale plumbing distribution channel for these bath products. Our

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INNOVEX® and acrylic tub and shower systems, bath and shower enclosure units, shower trays and laundry tubs are now manufactured and sold under the Delta and Peerless, Aqua Glass, American Shower & Bath and MIROLIN® brand names. These products are sold primarily to home center retailers for home improvement and new home construction in North America, although the Mirolin products are also sold to wholesalers and distributors in Canada.

        Our spas are manufactured and sold under HOT SPRING®, CALDERA® and other trademarks directly to independent dealers. Major competitors include Kohler, Aquatic, Maax and Jacuzzi. We sell HÜPPE® shower enclosures through wholesale channels in Europe. HERITAGE™ ceramic and acrylic bath fixtures and faucets are principally sold in the United Kingdom directly to select retailers.

        Also included in our Plumbing Products segment are brass and copper plumbing system components and other plumbing specialties, which are sold to plumbing, heating and hardware wholesalers and to home center retailers, hardware stores, building supply outlets and other mass merchandisers. These products are marketed in North America for the wholesale trade under our BRASSCRAFT® and BRASSTECH® trademarks and for "do-it-yourself" consumers under our MASTER PLUMBER® and PLUMB SHOP® trademarks, and are also sold under private label.

        We believe that our plumbing products are among the leaders in sales in North America and Europe, with American Standard, Kohler, Moen and Pfister as major competitors. We are also experiencing competition from foreign manufacturers, including GROHE, particularly in Germany, China and the Middle East. We face significant competition from private label products (including house brands sold by certain of our customers). Many of the faucet and showering products with which our products compete are manufactured by foreign manufacturers that are putting downward pressures on price, particularly in the emerging markets we are entering. The businesses in our Plumbing Products segment source products primarily from Asia and manufacture products in the United States, Europe and Asia. In addition to price, we believe that competition for our plumbing products is based largely on brand reputation, product quality, product innovation and features and breadth of product offering.

        A substantial portion of our plumbing products contain brass, the major components of which are copper and zinc. We have multiple sources, both domestic and foreign, for the raw materials used in this segment, and sufficient raw materials have been available for our needs. We have encountered price volatility for brass, brass components and any components containing copper and zinc; therefore, we have implemented a hedging strategy to minimize the impact of this volatility. Federal legislation mandating a national standard for lead content in plumbing products used to convey drinking water became effective in January 2014. Faucet and water supply valve manufacturers, including our plumbing product companies, are required to obtain adequate supplies of lead-free brass or suitable alternative materials for continued production of faucets and certain of our other plumbing products. Our plumbing products that are affected by this legislation meet the federal standards. Our Delta Faucet business uses DIAMOND™ SEAL TECHNOLOGY, which reduces the number of potential leak points in a faucet, simplifies installation and satisfies legislation regarding the acceptable lead content in plumbing products.

Installation and Other Services

        Our Installation and Other Services segment sells installed building products and distributes building products primarily for new home construction, and, to a lesser extent, retrofit and commercial construction, throughout the United States. In addition to insulation, we sell installed gutters, after-paint products, garage doors and fireplaces. The installation and distribution of insulation comprised approximately twelve percent, eleven percent and nine percent of our consolidated net sales in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Installed building products are supplied primarily to homebuilders by our network of branches located across the United States. Our distributed products include insulation, insulation accessories, gutters and roofing, among others. Distributed products are sold primarily to contractors and dealers (including lumber yards) from distribution centers in various parts of the United States.

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        In response to the economic downturn and resulting decline in new home construction, we expanded our ability to serve the residential retrofit and light commercial channels. Within the Installation and Other Services segment, we have several initiatives related to improved residential energy efficiency, including retrofit installation services (primarily insulation) delivered directly to homeowners and traditional remodeler contractors, as well as through retailers and dealer outlets.

        In addition to price, we believe that competition in this industry is based largely on customer service and the quality of installation service. We believe that we are a leading provider of installed insulation in the new home construction industry in the United States. Our competitors include several regional contractors, as well as numerous local contractors and lumber yards. We believe that our capabilities and financial resources are substantial compared to regional and local contractors.

        We procure the materials used by this segment, primarily insulation, from multiple sources.

Decorative Architectural Products

        We produce architectural coatings including paints, primers, specialty paint products, stains and waterproofing products. The products are sold in the United States, Canada, China, Mexico and South America under the brand names BEHR® and KILZ® to "do-it-yourself" and professional customers through home centers, paint stores and other retailers. Net sales of architectural coatings comprised approximately 21 percent in 2013 and approximately 20 percent of our consolidated net sales in each of 2012 and 2011. Our competitors include large national and international brands such as Benjamin Moore, Glidden, Olympic, Sherwin-Williams, Valspar and Zinsser, as well as many regional and other national brands. In addition to price, we believe that competition in this industry is based largely on product quality, technology and product innovation, customer service and brand reputation. In 2013, Behr introduced MARQUEE™ exterior paint with enhanced stain-blocking and fade-resistant properties, and PREMIUM DECKOVER™, a deck resurfacing product which conceals cracks and splinters in wood surfaces and helps to create a slip-resistant finish for decks.

        Our BEHR products are principally sold through The Home Depot, this segment's and our largest customer. The loss of this segment's sales to The Home Depot would have a material adverse effect on this segment's business and on our consolidated business as a whole.

        Titanium dioxide is a major ingredient in the manufacture of paint. The price for titanium dioxide can fluctuate as a result of surges in global demand and production capacity limitations, which can impact our operating results in this segment. Petroleum products are also used in the manufacture of architectural coatings. Significant increases in the cost of crude oil and natural gas lead to higher raw material costs (e.g., for resins, solvents and packaging, as well as titanium dioxide), which can adversely affect the segment's results of operations. We have agreements with the significant suppliers of the major raw materials used in this segment which are intended to help assure continued availability.

        Our Decorative Architectural Products segment also includes LIBERTY® and BRAINERD® branded cabinet, door, window and other hardware, which is manufactured for us and sold to home centers, other retailers, original equipment manufacturers and wholesalers. Key competitors in North America include Amerock, Top Knobs and house brands. Decorative bath hardware and shower accessories are sold under the brand names DELTA®, FRANKLIN BRASS® and DECOR BATHWARE® to distributors, home centers and other retailers. Competitors include Moen, Gatco and house brands sold by certain of our customers.

Other Specialty Products

        We manufacture and sell vinyl, fiberglass and aluminum windows and patio doors, as well as the ESSENCE SERIES® windows and doors, which combines a wood interior with a fiberglass exterior, under the MILGARD® brand name for home improvement and new home construction, principally in the western United States. MILGARD products are sold primarily through dealers and, to a lesser extent,

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directly to production and custom homebuilders and through lumber yards and home centers. This segment's competitors in North America include national brands, such as Jeld-Wen, Marvin, Pella and Andersen, and numerous regional brands.

        In the United Kingdom, we manufacture and sell windows, related products and components under several brand names including GRIFFIN™, PREMIER™ and DURAFLEX™. Sales are primarily through dealers and wholesalers to the repair and remodeling markets, although our DURAFLEX products are also sold to other window fabricators. United Kingdom competitors include many small and mid-sized firms and a few large, vertically integrated competitors.

        In addition to price, we believe that competition in this industry in both the domestic and foreign markets is based largely on customer service, product quality and brand reputation.

        We manufacture and sell a complete line of manual and electric staple gun tackers, staples and other fastening tools under the brand names ARROW® and POWERSHOT®. We sell these products through various distribution channels including home centers and other retailers and wholesalers. Our principal North American competitor in this product line is Stanley Black & Decker.

        The raw materials used in this segment have been available from multiple sources.

Additional Information

        We hold U.S. and foreign patents, patent applications, licenses, trademarks, trade names, trade secrets and proprietary manufacturing processes. As a manufacturer and distributor of brand name products, we view our trademarks and other intellectual property rights as important, but do not believe that there is any reasonable likelihood of a loss of such rights that would have a material adverse effect on our present business as a whole.

        We are subject to U.S. and foreign government regulations, particularly those pertaining to health and safety (including protection of employees and consumers), climate disruption and environmental issues. In addition to our responsibilities for environmental remediation, our businesses are subject to other requirements regarding protection of the environment and worker health and safety. Our businesses are subject to requirements relating to the emission of volatile organic compounds which may impact our sourcing of particleboard, require that we install special equipment in manufacturing facilities or that we reformulate paint products. As described above, our Plumbing Products segment is subject to restrictions on lead content in some of its products. Compliance with such laws and regulations could significantly affect product performance as well as our production costs. We monitor applicable laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, climate disruption and worker health and safety, and incur ongoing expense relating to compliance. We do not expect compliance with the federal, state and local regulations relating to the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment and worker health and safety, will result in material capital expenditures or have a material adverse effect on our earnings or competitive position.

        We do not consider backlog orders to be material in any of our segments.

        At December 31, 2013, we employed approximately 32,000 people. We have generally experienced satisfactory relations with our employees.

Available Information

        Our website is www.masco.com. Our periodic reports and all amendments to those reports required to be filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. This Report is being posted on our website concurrently with its filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Material contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Report.

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Item 1A.    Risk Factors.

        There are a number of business risks and uncertainties that could affect our business. These risks and uncertainties could cause our actual results to differ from past performance or expected results. We consider the following risks and uncertainties to be most relevant to our specific business activities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently believe to be immaterial, also may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A significant portion of our business relies on home improvement and new home construction activity, both of which are cyclical.

        A significant portion of our business relies on home improvement, including spending on repair and remodeling projects, and new home construction activity, principally in North America and Europe. Macroeconomic conditions including consumer confidence levels, fluctuations in home prices, unemployment and underemployment levels, and the availability of home equity loans and mortgages and the interest rates for such loans, affect both consumers' discretionary spending on home improvement projects as well as new home construction activity. Adverse changes or uncertainty regarding these macroeconomic conditions could result in a decline in spending on home improvement projects and a decline in demand for new home construction, both of which could adversely affect our results of operations and our financial position. While improving, both new home construction and consumer spending for big ticket remodeling projects continues to be well below historic average levels, which affect our results of operations.

If we do not maintain strong brands or respond to changing consumer preferences and purchasing practices, we could lose share and our results could be adversely affected.

        Our competitive advantage is due, in part, to our ability to maintain our strong brands and to develop and introduce innovative new and improved products. While we continue to invest in brand building and brand awareness, these initiatives may not be successful. The uncertainties associated with developing and introducing new and improved products, such as gauging changing consumer preferences and successfully developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling these products, may impact the success of our product introductions. If we do not introduce new or improved products in a timely manner or if these products do not gain widespread acceptance, we could lose share, which could negatively impact our operating results.

        The volatile and challenging economic environment of recent years has caused shifts in consumer preferences and purchasing practices and changes in the business models and strategies of our customers. For example, consumers are increasingly using the internet and mobile technology to research home improvement products and to inform and enhance their purchasing and ownership experience for these products, particularly with consumer-initiated messaging. E-business is a rapidly developing area, and development of a successful e-business strategy involves significant time, investment and resources. If we are unable to successfully execute our e-business strategy, our brands may lose share.

        Similarly, the quantity, type and prices of products demanded by consumers and our customers have shifted. For example, demand has increased for multi-family housing units such as apartments and condominiums, which typically have smaller kitchens and smaller and fewer bathrooms, each with fewer cabinets and faucets, as well less insulation, than single-family houses. While the economy is recovering, we are experiencing growth in certain channels for lower price point products. These shifts have negatively impacted our sales and/or our profitability, and it is uncertain whether these shifts represent long-term changes in consumer preferences.

        If we do not timely and effectively identify and respond to these changing consumer preferences and purchasing practices, our relationships with our customers and with consumers could be harmed, the

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demand for our brands and products could be reduced and our results of operations could be negatively affected.

Our actions to improve our underperforming businesses have been costly and may not yield all of the anticipated benefits.

        The downturn in home improvement and new home construction activity during the recent recession impacted our results, particularly in our Cabinets and Related Products and Installation and Other Services segments and certain businesses in our Plumbing Products segment. In response, we implemented initiatives to reduce costs and increase sales; however, there is no assurance that our efforts will yield all of the anticipated benefits. Our cost-saving initiatives, including rationalizing our businesses, closing plants and reducing headcount have been complex, time-consuming and expensive. The consolidation of our North American Cabinet businesses, in particular, has involved the integration of multiple manufacturing processes and information technology platforms. While we have experienced positive results from these initiatives, there is no assurance that these benefits will continue.

        Our strategy to increase our sales in the Cabinets and Related Products segment through brand building and new product introductions requires time to develop, implement and assess. Further, this segment faces pricing pressures, competition from low-cost manufacturers and a shift in the mix of products in certain channels to more value-priced products. If we cannot successfully implement these initiatives or respond to these changing market dynamics, our results of operations may continue to be negatively impacted.

        Further, if the economy recovers faster than expected, we may not be able to increase our manufacturing and installation capacity to support demand, which could result in lost share and, ultimately, could negatively impact our operating results.

Our sales are concentrated with two significant customers.

        The size and importance of individual customers to our businesses continues to increase. In 2013, sales to our largest customer, The Home Depot, were $2.3 billion (approximately 28 percent of consolidated net sales). Lowe's is our second largest customer. In 2013, sales to Lowe's were less than ten percent of our consolidated net sales. These home center customers may reduce the number of vendors they purchase from and can make significant changes in their volume of purchases. Additionally, home centers can significantly affect the prices we receive for our products and services, our cost of doing business with them and the terms and conditions on which we do business. Although homebuilders, dealers and other retailers represent other channels of distribution for our products and services, the loss of a substantial portion of our sales to The Home Depot or the loss of our sales to Lowe's would have a material adverse effect on our business.

        Further, as some of our customers expand their markets and their targeted customers, conflicts between our existing distribution channels have and will continue to occur, which could impact our results of operations. In addition, we may undermine the business relationships we have with our current customers if we increase the amount of business we transact directly with consumers. In addition, our large retail customers are increasingly requesting product exclusivity, which may affect our ability to offer products to other customers and may diminish our ability to leverage economies of scale.

We face significant competition.

        Our products and services face significant competition. We believe that we compete on the basis of price, product and service quality, brand reputation, customer service and product features and innovation. Home centers continue to purchase select products in our segments directly from low-cost foreign manufacturers for sale as private label and house brand merchandise. Additionally, home

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centers, which have historically concentrated their sales efforts on retail consumers and remodelers, are increasingly marketing directly to professional contractors and installers, which may impact our margins on our products that contractors and installers would otherwise buy through our dealers and wholesalers.

        In our other distribution channels, we compete with foreign manufacturers in a variety of our product groups. These foreign manufacturers are putting downward pressures on price, particularly in the emerging markets we are entering. In some of our segments, we are experiencing a shift in the mix of products we sell toward more value-priced or opening price point products, which may impact our ability to maintain or gain share and our profitability.

        Our ability to maintain our competitive position in our industries and to grow our businesses depends upon successfully maintaining our relationships with major customers, implementing growth strategies and entering new geographic areas, including successful international penetration, developing a successful e-business strategy, maintaining strong brands, managing our cost structure, accommodating shorter life-cycles for our products, and developing and innovating products, none of which is assured.

If we experience increased commodity costs or limited availability of commodities, our operating results could be negatively impacted.

        We buy various commodities to manufacture our products, including, among others, wood, brass (made of copper and zinc), titanium dioxide and resins. Fluctuations in the availability and prices of these commodities could increase our costs to manufacture our products. Further, increases in energy costs could increase our production costs as well as our transportation costs, each of which could negatively affect our financial condition and operating results.

        It has been, and likely will continue to be, difficult for us to pass on to customers cost increases to cover our increased commodity and production costs. Our existing arrangements with customers, competitive considerations and customer resistance to price increases may delay or make us unable to adjust selling prices. If we are not able to increase the prices of our products or achieve cost savings to offset increased commodity and production costs, our financial condition and operating results could be negatively impacted. If we are able to increase our selling prices, sustained price increases for our products may lead to sales declines and loss of share, particularly if our competitors do not increase their prices. When commodity prices decline, we may receive pressure from our customers to reduce our prices.

        To minimize price volatility associated with certain anticipated commodity purchases, we use derivative instruments, including commodity futures and swaps. This strategy may increase the possibility that we may make commitments to purchase these commodities at prices that subsequently exceed their market prices, which could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

We are dependent on third-party suppliers and manufacturers, and the loss of a key supplier or manufacturer could negatively affect our operating results.

        Our ability to offer a wide variety of products depends on our ability to obtain an adequate supply of products and components from manufacturers and other suppliers. We rely heavily or, in certain cases, exclusively, on third-party suppliers for some of our products and key components. Failure by our suppliers to provide us quality products on commercially reasonable terms, or to comply with applicable legal requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results. Resourcing these products and components to another supplier could take time and involve significant costs. Accordingly, the loss of a key supplier, or a substantial decrease in the availability of products or components from our suppliers, could disrupt our business and adversely impact our operating results.

        Further, we manufacture products in Asia and source products and components from third parties in Asia. The distances involved in these arrangements, together with differences in business practices,

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shipping and delivery requirements, the limited number of suppliers, and laws and regulations, have increased the complexity of our supply chain logistics and the potential for interruptions in our production scheduling. If we are unable to effectively manage our supply chain, our operating results could be negatively affected.

International political, monetary, economic and social developments affect our business.

        Approximately 20 percent of our sales are made outside of North America (principally in Europe) and are transacted in currencies other than U.S. dollars (principally the Euro and the British pound sterling). Increased international sales make up an important part of our future strategic plans. In addition, we manufacture products in Asia and source products, components and raw materials from third parties in Asia. We face risks associated with changes in political, monetary, economic and social environments, labor conditions and practices, the laws, regulations and policies of foreign governments, cultural differences and differences in enforcement of contract and intellectual property rights. U.S. laws and regulations affecting activities of U.S. companies doing business abroad, including tax laws, laws regulating various business practices, and trade regulations which may include duties and tariffs can also impact us. Our international operating results may also be influenced by economic conditions in Europe. The financial reporting of our consolidated operating results is affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which may present challenges in comparing operating performance from period to period.

The long-term performance of our businesses relies on our ability to attract, develop and retain talented personnel.

        To be successful, we must attract, develop and retain highly qualified and talented personnel who have the experience, knowledge and expertise to successfully implement our key business strategies. We compete for employees with a broad range of employers in many different industries, including large multinational firms, and we invest significant resources in recruiting, developing, motivating and retaining them. The failure to attract and retain key employees, or to develop effective succession planning to assure smooth transitions of those employees and the knowledge and expertise they possess, could negatively affect our competitive position and our operating results. Further, as the economy continues to recover, if we are unable to recruit, train and retain sufficient skilled labor, we may not be able to adequately satisfy increased demand for our products and services, which could impact our operating results.

Claims and litigation could be costly.

        We are, from time to time, involved in various claims, litigation matters and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business and which could have a material adverse effect on us. These matters may include contract disputes, automobile liability and other personal injury claims, warranty disputes, environmental claims or proceedings, other tort claims, employment and tax matters and other proceedings and litigation, including class actions.

        We are subject to product safety regulations, recalls and direct claims for product liability that can result in significant liability and, regardless of the ultimate outcome, can be costly to defend or manage. Also, we rely on other manufacturers to provide us with products or components for products that we sell. Due to the difficulty of controlling the quality of products or components sourced from other manufacturers, we are exposed to risks relating to the quality of such products and to limitations on our recourse against such suppliers.

        We have also experienced class action lawsuits in recent years predicated upon claims for antitrust violations, product liability and wage and hour issues. We have generally denied liability and have vigorously defended these cases. Due to their scope and complexity, however, these lawsuits can be

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particularly costly to defend and resolve, and we have and may continue to incur significant costs as a result of these types of lawsuits.

        Our homebuilder customers are subject to construction defect and home warranty claims in the ordinary course of their business. Our contractual arrangements with these customers may include our agreement to defend and indemnify them against various liabilities. These claims, often asserted several years after completion of construction, can result in complex lawsuits or claims against the homebuilders and many of their subcontractors, including us, and may require us to incur defense and indemnity costs even when our products or services are not the principal basis for the claims.

        Although we intend to defend all claims and litigation matters vigorously, given the inherently unpredictable nature of claims and litigation, we cannot predict with certainty the outcome or effect of any claim or litigation matter.

        We maintain insurance against some, but not all, of these risks of loss resulting from claims and litigation. We may elect not to obtain insurance if we believe the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented. The levels of insurance we maintain may not be adequate to fully cover any and all losses or liabilities. If any significant accident, judgment, claim or other event is not fully insured or indemnified against, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        See Note U to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Report for additional information about litigation involving our businesses.

If we are required to take additional significant non-cash charges, our financial resources could be reduced and our financial flexibility may be negatively affected.

        We have recorded significant goodwill and other intangible assets related to prior business combinations on our balance sheet. The valuation of these assets is largely dependent upon the expectations for future performance of our businesses. In recent years, we have recorded significant non-cash impairment charges for financial investments, goodwill and other intangible assets. While new home construction and home improvement activity are improving, the extent of the recovery remains uncertain.

        Expectations about the recovery may impact whether we are required to recognize additional non-cash, pre-tax impairment charges for goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets or other long-lived assets. If the value of our goodwill or other intangible assets is further impaired, our earnings and shareholders' equity would be adversely affected.

        We have also recorded a valuation allowance related to our deferred tax assets. A return to sustainable profitability in our U.S. operations is required before we would change our judgment regarding the need for this valuation allowance. While we believe that we may reverse all or a portion of the valuation allowance as early as the second half of 2014, this is not assured. Until such time, the profits from our U.S. operations will be offset by the net operating loss carryforward, resulting in a lower U.S. effective tax rate than we would normally incur.

        Further, our credit agreement contains financial covenants we must comply with, including covenants regarding limits on our debt to total capitalization ratio. If we are required to record additional non-cash impairment charges, our shareholders' equity would be reduced, and our borrowing capacity under our credit agreement may be limited. In the past we have negotiated amendments to our credit agreement to allow for the add-back to shareholders' equity for impairment charges we have taken. There can be no assurance that in the future we would be able to further amend our credit agreement, that alternative financing would be available on acceptable terms and at acceptable rates, or that we would be permitted to obtain alternative financing under the terms of our existing financing arrangements.

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Compliance with government regulation and industry standards could impact our capital expenditures and operating results.

        We are subject to U.S. and foreign government regulations, particularly those pertaining to health and safety (including protection of employees and consumers), climate disruption and environmental issues. In addition to complying with current requirements and requirements that will become effective at a future date, even more stringent requirements could be imposed on our industries in the future. Additionally, some of our products must be certified by industry organizations. Compliance with these regulations and industry standards may require us to alter our manufacturing and installation processes and our sourcing, which could adversely impact our competitive position. Further, if we do not effectively and timely comply with such regulations and industry standards, our operating results could be negatively affected.

Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments.

        None.

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Item 2.    Properties.

        The table below lists our principal North American properties for segments other than Installation and Other Services.

Business Segment
  Manufacturing   Warehouse and
Distribution
 

Cabinets and Related Products

    8     8  

Plumbing Products

    18     4  

Decorative Architectural Products

    8     8  

Other Specialty Products

    10     5  
           

Totals

    44     25  
           
           

        Most of our North American facilities range from single warehouse buildings to complex manufacturing facilities. We own most of our North American manufacturing facilities, none of which are subject to significant encumbrances. A substantial number of our warehouse and distribution facilities are leased.

        Our Installation and Other Services segment operates approximately 190 installation branch locations and approximately 70 distribution centers in the United States, most of which are leased.

        The table below lists our principal properties outside of North America.

Business Segment
  Manufacturing   Warehouse and
Distribution
 

Cabinets and Related Products

    1     1  

Plumbing Products

    11     26  

Decorative Architectural Products

         

Other Specialty Products

    7      
           

Totals

    19     27  
           
           

        Most of our international facilities are located in China, Germany and the United Kingdom. We own most of our international manufacturing facilities, none of which are subject to significant encumbrances. A substantial number of our international warehouse and distribution facilities are leased.

        Our corporate headquarters are located in Taylor, Michigan and are owned by us. We own an additional building near our corporate headquarters that is used by our Masco Technical Services (research and development) department. We continue to lease an office facility in Luxembourg which serves as a headquarters for most of our foreign operations.

        Each of our operating divisions assesses the manufacturing, distribution and other facilities needed to meet its operating requirements. Our buildings, machinery and equipment have been generally well maintained and are in good operating condition. We believe our facilities have sufficient capacity and are adequate for our production and distribution requirements.

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings.

        Information regarding legal proceedings involving us is set forth in Note U to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures.

        Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.    Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

        The New York Stock Exchange is the principal market on which our common stock is traded. The following table indicates the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange and the cash dividends declared per common share for the periods indicated:

 
  Market Price    
 
 
  Dividends
Declared
 
Quarter
  High   Low  

2013

                   

Fourth

  $ 22.90   $ 19.11   $ .075  

Third

    22.94     18.27     .075  

Second

    22.83     18.43     .075  

First

    21.07     16.91     .075  
                   

Total

              $ .30  
                   
                   

2012

                   

Fourth

  $ 17.19   $ 14.06   $ .075  

Third

    16.48     11.53     .075  

Second

    14.68     11.55     .075  

First

    14.41     10.75     .075  
                   

Total

              $ .30  
                   
                   

        On January 31, 2014, there were approximately 4,779 holders of record of our common stock.

        We expect that our practice of paying quarterly dividends on our common stock will continue, although the payment of future dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other factors.

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Performance Graph

        The table below compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return of (i) the Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Stock Index ("S&P 500 Index"), (ii) The Standard & Poor's Industrials Index ("S&P Industrials Index") and (iii) the Standard & Poor's Consumer Durables & Apparel Index ("S&P Consumer Durables & Apparel Index"), from December 31, 2008 through December 31, 2013, when the closing price of our common stock was $22.77. The graph assumes investments of $100 on December 31, 2008 in our common stock and in each of the three indices and the reinvestment of dividends.

GRAPHIC

        The table below sets forth the value, as of December 31 for each of the years indicated, of a $100 investment made on December 31, 2008 in each of our common stock, the S&P 500 Index, the S&P Industrials Index and the S&P Consumer Durables & Apparel Index and includes the reinvestment of dividends.

 
  2009   2010   2011   2012   2013  

Masco

  $ 128.21   $ 120.32   $ 102.45   $ 165.80   $ 229.59  

S&P 500 Index

  $ 125.92   $ 144.58   $ 147.60   $ 171.04   $ 225.85  

S&P Industrials Index

  $ 120.19   $ 151.89   $ 150.97   $ 173.87   $ 243.73  

S&P Consumer Durables & Apparel Index

  $ 136.29   $ 177.91   $ 191.64   $ 232.84   $ 316.28  

        In July 2007, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to 50 million shares of our common stock in open-market transactions or otherwise. At December 31, 2013, we had remaining authorization to repurchase up to 22.6 million shares. During the first quarter of 2013, we repurchased and retired 1.7 million shares of our common stock, for cash aggregating $35 million to offset the dilutive impact of the 2013 grant of 1.7 million shares of long-term stock awards. We have not purchased any shares since March 2013.

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Item 6.    Selected Financial Data.

 
  Dollars in Millions (Except Per Common Share Data)
 
 
  2013   2012   2011   2010   2009  

Net Sales (1)

  $ 8,173   $ 7,495   $ 7,170   $ 7,183   $ 7,297  

Operating profit (loss) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

  $ 673   $ 302   $ (215 ) $ (466 ) $ 57  

Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Masco Corporation (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

  $ 282   $ (53 ) $ (394 ) $ (1,027 ) $ (145 )

Income (loss) per common share from continuing operations:

                               

Basic

  $ .79   $ (.16 ) $ (1.14 ) $ (2.95 ) $ (.42 )

Diluted

  $ .78   $ (.16 ) $ (1.14 ) $ (2.95 ) $ (.42 )

Dividends declared

  $ .30   $ .30   $ .30   $ .30   $ .30  

Dividends paid

  $ .30   $ .30   $ .30   $ .30   $ .46  

At December 31:

                               

Total assets

  $ 6,933   $ 6,875   $ 7,297   $ 8,140   $ 9,175  

Long-term debt

    3,421     3,422     3,222     4,032     3,604  

Shareholders' equity

    763     534     742     1,582     2,817  

(1)
Amounts exclude discontinued operations.

(2)
The year 2012 includes non-cash impairment charges for other intangible assets aggregating $27 million after tax ($42 million pre-tax).

(3)
The year 2011 includes non-cash impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets aggregating $291 million after tax ($450 million pre-tax).

(4)
The year 2010 includes non-cash impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets aggregating $586 million after tax ($698 million pre-tax). The year 2010 also includes a valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets of $372 million.

(5)
The year 2009 includes non-cash impairment charges for goodwill aggregating $180 million after tax ($262 million pre-tax).

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Item 7.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

        The financial and business analysis below provides information which we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. This financial and business analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

        The following discussion and certain other sections of this Report contain statements reflecting our views about our future performance and constitute "forward-looking statements" under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "assume," "seek," "appear," "may," "should," "will," "forecast" and similar references to future periods. These views involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and, accordingly, our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in such forward-looking statements. We caution you against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. In addition to the various factors included in the "Executive Level Overview," "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" and "Outlook for the Company" sections, our future performance may be affected by our reliance on new home construction and home improvement, our reliance on key customers, the cost and availability of raw materials, shifts in consumer preferences and purchasing practices, our ability to improve our underperforming businesses and our ability to maintain our competitive position in our industries. These and other factors are discussed in detail in Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this Report. Any forward-looking statement made by us speaks only as of the date on which it was made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Executive Level Overview

        We manufacture, distribute and install home improvement and building products. These products are sold for home improvement and new home construction through mass merchandisers, hardware stores, home centers, homebuilders, distributors and other outlets for consumers and contractors and direct to the consumer.

        2013 Results.    Net sales were positively affected by increased new home construction and repair and remodel activity in the U.S. and Europe. Our results of operations were positively affected by increased sales volume and the related absorption of fixed costs, as well as a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs. Also, all of our businesses were positively affected by the benefits associated with the business rationalizations and process improvement initiatives that we have implemented over the last several years.

        Our Cabinets and Related Products segment was affected by increased sales volume and selling prices, partially offset by a less favorable product mix. Our Plumbing Products segment results were favorably affected by increased sales volume and increased selling prices of our North American and International operations, partially offset by the loss of a portion of our bath products business. The Decorative Architectural Products segment was affected by increased sales volume, partially offset by a less favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs. The Installation and Other Services and Other Specialty Products segments were positively affected by increased sales volume and increased selling prices.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

        Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of any contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We regularly review our estimates and assumptions, which are based upon historical experience, as well as current economic conditions and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.

        We believe that the following critical accounting policies are affected by significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

        Revenue Recognition and Receivables

        We recognize revenue as title to products and risk of loss is transferred to customers or when services are rendered. We record revenue for unbilled services performed based upon estimates of material and labor incurred in the Installation and Other Services segment; such amounts are recorded in Receivables. We record estimated reductions to revenue for customer programs and incentive offerings, including special pricing and co-operative advertising arrangements, promotions and other volume-based incentives. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts receivable for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments. In addition, we monitor our customer receivable balances and the credit worthiness of our customers on an on-going basis. During downturns in our markets, declines in the financial condition and creditworthiness of customers impact the credit risk of the receivables involved and we have incurred bad debt expense related to customer defaults. Our bad debt expense was $8 million, $14 million and $12 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        Inventories

        We record inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with expense estimates made for obsolescence or unsaleable inventory equal to the difference between the recorded cost of inventories and their estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. On an on-going basis, we monitor these estimates and record adjustments for differences between estimates and actual experience. Historically, actual results have not significantly deviated from those determined using these estimates.

        Financial Investments

        We follow accounting guidance that defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements for our financial investments and liabilities. This guidance defines fair value as "the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date." Further, it defines a fair value hierarchy, as follows: Level 1 inputs as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 inputs as observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by market data; and Level 3 inputs as unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models or instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

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        If applicable, we record investments in available-for-sale securities at fair value, and unrealized gains or losses (that are deemed to be temporary) are recognized, net of tax effect, through shareholders' equity, as a component of other comprehensive income in our consolidated balance sheet.

        In the past, we have invested excess cash in auction rate securities. Auction rate securities are investment securities that have interest rates which are reset every 7, 28 or 35 days. At December 31, 2013, our investment in auction rate securities was $22 million; we have not increased our investment in auction rate securities since 2007. The fair value of auction rate securities is estimated, on a recurring basis, using a discounted cash flow model (Level 3 input). If we changed the discount rate used in the fair value estimate by 75 basis points, the value of the auction rate securities would change by approximately $1 million.

        We have maintained investments in a number of private equity funds, which aggregated $63 million at December 31, 2013. We carry our investments in private equity funds and other private investments at cost. It is not practicable for us to estimate a fair value for private equity funds and other private investments because there are no quoted market prices, and sufficient information is not readily available for us to utilize a valuation model to determine the fair value for each fund. These investments are evaluated, on a non-recurring basis, for potential other-than-temporary impairment when impairment indicators are present, or when an event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. Due to the significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurements used to evaluate impairment are a Level 3 input.

        Impairment indicators we consider include the following: whether there has been a significant deterioration in earnings performance, asset quality or business prospects; a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic or technological environment; a significant adverse change in the general market condition or geographic area in which the investment operates; industry and sector performance; current equity and credit market conditions; and any bona fide offers to purchase the investment for less than the carrying value. We also consider specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of and business outlook for the fund, including industry and sector performance. The significant assumptions utilized in analyzing a fund for potential other-than-temporary impairment include current economic conditions, market analysis for specific funds and performance indicators in the applicable sectors.

        We have and will continue to reduce our investments in long-term financial assets. At December 31, 2013, we have investments in 14 venture capital funds, with an aggregate carrying value of $15 million. The venture capital funds have invested in start-up or smaller, early-stage established businesses, principally in the information technology, bio-technology and health care sectors. At December 31, 2013, we also have investments in 15 buyout funds, with an aggregate carrying value of $48 million. The buyout funds have invested in later-stage, established businesses and no buyout fund has a concentration in a particular sector.

        Since there is no active trading market for these investments, they are for the most part illiquid. These investments, by their nature, can also have a relatively higher degree of business risk, including financial leverage, than other financial investments. The timing of distributions from the funds, which depends on particular events related to the underlying investments, as well as the funds' schedules for making distributions and their needs for cash, can be difficult to predict. As a result, the amount of income we record from these investments can vary substantially from quarter to quarter. Future changes in market conditions, the future performance of the underlying investments or new information provided by private equity fund managers could affect the recorded values of these investments and the amounts realized upon liquidation.

        We record an impairment charge to earnings when an investment has experienced a decline in fair value that is deemed to be other-than-temporary.

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        Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

        We record the excess of purchase cost over the fair value of net tangible assets of acquired companies as goodwill or other identifiable intangible assets. In the fourth quarter of each year, or as events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount, we complete the impairment testing of goodwill utilizing a discounted cash flow method. We selected the discounted cash flow methodology because we believe that it is comparable to what would be used by other market participants. We have defined our reporting units and completed the impairment testing of goodwill at the operating segment level, as defined by accounting guidance. Our operating segments are reporting units that engage in business activities for which discrete financial information, including five-year forecasts, is available.

        Determining market values using a discounted cash flow method requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, including long-term projections of cash flows, market conditions and appropriate discount rates. Our judgments are based upon historical experience, current market trends, consultations with external valuation specialists and other information. While we believe that the estimates and assumptions underlying the valuation methodology are reasonable, different estimates and assumptions could result in different outcomes. In estimating future cash flows, we rely on internally generated five-year forecasts for sales and operating profits, including capital expenditures, and generally a one to three percent long-term assumed annual growth rate of cash flows for periods after the five-year forecast. We generally develop these forecasts based upon, among other things, recent sales data for existing products, planned timing of new product launches, estimated housing starts and estimated repair and remodel activity.

        In 2013, we utilized estimated housing starts, from independent industry sources, growing from current levels to 1.5 million units in 2018 (terminal growth year) and operating profit margins improving to approximate historical levels for those business units by 2018 (terminal growth year). We utilize our weighted average cost of capital of approximately 10 percent as the basis to determine the discount rate to apply to the estimated future cash flows. Our weighted average cost of capital increased in 2013 due to improving market conditions and an increased stock price. In 2013, due to improving market conditions and based upon our assessment of the risks impacting each of our businesses, we applied a risk premium to increase the discount rate to a range of 11.5 percent to 13.5 percent for most of our reporting units.

        In the fourth quarter of 2013, we estimated that future discounted cash flows projected for all of our reporting units were greater than the carrying values. Any increases in estimated discounted cash flows would have no effect on the reported value of goodwill.

        If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we measure the possible goodwill impairment based upon an allocation of the estimate of fair value of the reporting unit to all of the underlying assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any previously unrecognized intangible assets (Step Two Analysis). The excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that a reporting unit's recorded goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill.

        In 2013, we did not recognize any impairment charges for goodwill.

        A 10 percent decrease in the estimated fair value of our reporting units at December 31, 2013 would not have resulted in any additional analysis of goodwill impairment for any additional business unit.

        We review our other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or as events occur or circumstances change that indicate the assets may be impaired without regard to the reporting unit. We consider the implications of both external (e.g., market growth, competition and local economic conditions) and internal (e.g., product sales and expected product growth) factors and their potential impact on cash flows related to the intangible asset in both the near- and long-term. In 2013, we did not recognize any impairment charges for other indefinite-lived intangible assets.

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        Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. We evaluate the remaining useful lives of amortizable identifiable intangible assets at each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization.

        Stock-Based Compensation

        Our 2005 Plan provides for the issuance of stock-based incentives in various forms to employees and non-employee Directors. At December 31, 2013, outstanding stock-based incentives were in the form of long-term stock awards, stock options, phantom stock awards and stock appreciation rights.

        Long-Term Stock Awards

        We grant long-term stock awards to key employees and non-employee Directors and do not cause net share dilution inasmuch as we generally continue the practice of repurchasing and retiring an equal number of shares on the open market. We measure compensation expense for stock awards at the market price of our common stock at the grant date. There was $69 million (8 million common shares) of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock awards at December 31, 2013, which was included as a reduction of common stock and paid-in capital. We recognize this expense ratably over the shorter of the vesting period of the stock awards, typically five to ten years, or the length of time until the grantee becomes retirement-eligible at age 65. Pre-tax compensation expense for the annual vesting of long-term stock awards was $34 million for 2013.

        Stock Options

        We grant stock options to key employees. The exercise price equals the market price of our common stock at the grant date. These options generally become exercisable (vest ratably) over five years beginning on the first anniversary from the date of grant and expire no later than ten years after the grant date.

        We measure compensation expense for stock options using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. We recognize this compensation expense ratably over the shorter of the vesting period of the stock options, typically five years, or the length of time until the grantee becomes retirement-eligible at age 65. Pre-tax compensation expense for stock options was $13 million for 2013.

        We estimated the fair value of stock options at the grant date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for 2013: risk-free interest rate – 1.22%, dividend yield – 1.47%, volatility factor – 49.07% and expected option life – six years. For expense calculation purposes, the weighted average grant-date fair value of option shares granted in 2013 was $8.35 per option share.

        If we increased our assumptions for the risk-free interest rate and the volatility factor by 50 percent, the expense related to the fair value of stock options granted in 2013 would increase by 42 percent. If we lowered our assumptions for the risk-free interest rate and the volatility factor by 50 percent, the expense related to the fair value of stock options granted in 2013 would decrease by 52 percent.

        Employee Retirement Plans

        Effective January 1, 2010, we froze all future benefit accruals under substantially all of our domestic qualified and non-qualified defined-benefit pension plans. As a result of this action, the liabilities for these plans were remeasured; in addition, certain assumptions appropriate for on-going plans (e.g., turnover, mortality and compensation increases) have been modified or eliminated for the remeasurement.

        Accounting for defined-benefit pension plans involves estimating the cost of benefits to be provided in the future, based upon vested years of service, and attributing those costs over the time period each employee works. We develop our pension costs and obligations from actuarial valuations. Inherent in

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these valuations are key assumptions regarding inflation, expected return on plan assets, mortality rates and discount rates for obligations and expenses. We consider current market conditions, including changes in interest rates, in selecting these assumptions. Changes in assumptions used could result in changes to reported pension costs and obligations within our consolidated financial statements.

        In December 2013, we increased our discount rate for obligations to an average of 4.40 percent from 3.80 percent. The discount rate for obligations is based upon the expected duration of each defined-benefit pension plan's liabilities matched to the December 31, 2013 Towers Watson Rate Link curve. The discount rates we use for our defined-benefit pension plans ranged from 1.75 percent to 4.80 percent, with the most significant portion of the liabilities having a discount rate for obligations of 4.20 percent or higher. The assumed asset return was primarily 7.25 percent, reflecting the expected long-term return on plan assets.

        Our net underfunded amount for our qualified defined-benefit pension plans, which is the difference between the projected benefit obligation and plan assets, decreased to $324 million at December 31, 2013 from $462 million at December 31, 2012, primarily due to increased asset returns, as well as higher rates of return in the bond market in 2013, which decreased our long-term pension liabilities. In accordance with accounting guidance, the underfunded amount has been recognized on our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Qualified domestic pension plan assets in 2013 had a net gain of 13.6 percent compared to average gains of 12 percent for the InvestorForce Defined Benefit Plan Universe.

        Our projected benefit obligation for our unfunded non-qualified defined-benefit pension plans was $163 million at December 31, 2013 compared with $181 million at December 31, 2012. In accordance with accounting guidance, this unfunded amount has been recognized on our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012.

        At December 31, 2013, we reported a net liability of $487 million, of which $163 million was related to our non-qualified, supplemental retirement plans, which are not subject to the funding requirements of the Pension Protection Act of 2006. In accordance with the Pension Protection Act, the Adjusted Funding Target Attainment Percentage ("AFTAP") for the various defined-benefit pension plans ranges from 74 percent to 82 percent.

        We expect pension expense for our qualified defined-benefit pension plans to be $18 million in 2014 compared with $23 million in 2013. If we assumed that the future return on plan assets was one-half percent lower than the assumed asset return and the discount rate decreased by 50 basis points, the 2014 pension expense would increase by $5 million. We expect pension expense for our non-qualified defined-benefit pension plans to be $8 million in 2014 compared with $8 million in 2013.

        We anticipate that we will be required to contribute approximately $60 million to $70 million in 2014 to our qualified and non-qualified defined-benefit plans.

        Income Taxes

        The accounting guidance for income taxes requires that the future realization of deferred tax assets depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in future periods. Possible sources of taxable income include taxable income in carryback periods, the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences recorded as a deferred tax liability, tax-planning strategies that generate future income or gains in excess of anticipated losses in the carryforward period and projected future taxable income.

        If, based upon all available evidence, both positive and negative, it is more likely than not (more than 50 percent likely) such deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. Significant weight is given to positive and negative evidence that is objectively verifiable. A company's three-year cumulative loss position is significant negative evidence in considering whether deferred tax assets are realizable and the accounting guidance restricts the amount of reliance we can place on projected taxable income to support the recovery of the deferred tax assets.

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        In the fourth quarter of 2010, we recorded a $372 million valuation allowance against our U.S. Federal deferred tax assets as a non-cash charge to income tax expense. In reaching this conclusion, we considered the weaker retail sales of certain of our building products and the slower than anticipated recovery in the U.S. housing market which led to U.S. operating losses and significant U.S. goodwill impairment charges, that primarily occurred in the fourth quarter of 2010, causing us to be in a three-year cumulative U.S. loss position.

        During 2012 and 2011, objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as U.S. operating losses and significant impairment charges for U.S. goodwill in 2011 and other intangible assets, continued to outweigh positive evidence necessary to reduce the valuation allowance. As a result, we recorded increases of $65 million and $89 million in the valuation allowance related to our U.S. Federal deferred tax assets as a non-cash charge to income tax expense in 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        A return to sustainable profitability in the U.S. is required before we would change our judgment regarding the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.

        Although the recent strengthening in new home construction activity has resulted in profitability in the Company's U.S. operations in 2013, we continue to record a full valuation allowance against the U.S. Federal deferred tax assets as the Company remained in a three-year cumulative loss position throughout 2013.

        It is reasonably possible that the continued improvements in our U.S. operations could result in the objective positive evidence necessary to warrant the reversal of all or a portion of the valuation allowance, up to approximately $550 million, as early as the second half of 2014. Until such time, the profits from our U.S. operations will be offset by the net operating loss carryforward resulting in a lower U.S. effective tax rate.

        The $175 million and $203 million of deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, for which there is no valuation allowance recorded, are anticipated to be realized through the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences recorded as deferred tax liabilities.

        Should we determine that we would not be able to realize our remaining deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be recorded in the period such determination is made. The need to maintain a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets may cause greater volatility in our effective tax rate.

        The current accounting guidance allows the recognition of only those income tax positions that have a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. We believe that there is an increased potential for volatility in our effective tax rate because this threshold allows changes in the income tax environment and the inherent complexities of income tax law in a substantial number of jurisdictions to affect the computation of our liability for uncertain tax positions to a greater extent.

        While we believe we have adequately provided for our uncertain tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could vary from our liability for uncertain tax positions. Accordingly, additional provisions for tax-related matters, including interest and penalties, could be recorded in income tax expense in the period revised estimates are made or the underlying matters are settled or otherwise resolved.

        Other Commitments and Contingencies

        Warranty.    At the time of sale, we accrue a warranty liability for the estimated cost to provide products, parts or services to repair or replace products in satisfaction of warranty obligations. Our estimate of costs to service our warranty obligations is based upon the information available and includes a number of factors such as the warranty coverage, the warranty period, historical experience specific to the nature, frequency and average cost to service the claim, along with product manufacturing metrics and industry and demographic trends.

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        Certain factors and related assumptions in determining our warranty liability involve judgments and estimates and are sensitive to changes in the aforementioned factors. We believe that the warranty accrual is appropriate; however, actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates thereby requiring adjustments to previously established accruals.

        A majority of our business is at the consumer retail level through home centers and major retailers. A consumer may return a product to a retail outlet that is a warranty return. However, certain retail outlets do not distinguish between warranty and other types of returns when they claim a return deduction from us. Our revenue recognition policy takes into account this type of return when recognizing revenue, and deductions are recorded at the time of sale.

        We are subject to lawsuits and pending or asserted claims in the ordinary course of our business. Liabilities and costs associated with these matters require estimates and judgments based upon our professional knowledge and experience and that of our legal counsel. When estimates of our exposure for lawsuits and pending or asserted claims meet the criteria for recognition under accounting guidance, amounts are recorded as charges to earnings. The ultimate resolution of these exposures may differ due to subsequent developments. See Note U to our consolidated financial statements for information regarding certain of our legal proceedings.

Corporate Development Strategy

        Our business strategy includes expanding our product leadership and implementing lean principles and product process improvements across our business units. Going forward, we expect to maintain a balanced growth strategy with emphasis on cash flow, organic growth with fewer acquisitions and growth through new product development and greenfield locations related to certain Installation and Other Services businesses.

        As part of our strategic planning, we continue to review all of our businesses to determine which businesses may not be core to our long-term growth strategy.

        In early February 2013, we determined that our Danish ready-to-assemble cabinet business was no longer core to our long-term growth strategy and, accordingly, we embarked on a plan for disposition. We completed the disposition of our Danish cabinet business and a related Danish holding company in December 2013.

        See Note B to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        Historically, we have largely funded our growth through cash provided by our operations, long-term bank debt and the issuance of notes in the financial markets, and by the issuance of our common stock, including issuances for certain mergers and acquisitions.

        Maintaining high levels of liquidity and focusing on cash generation are among our financial strategies. Our total debt as a percent of total capitalization was 82 percent and 87 percent at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

        On March 28, 2013, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with a bank group, with an aggregate commitment of $1.25 billion and a maturity date of March 28, 2018. Upon entry into the Credit Agreement, the Company's credit agreement dated as of June 21, 2010, as amended, with an aggregate commitment of $1.25 billion, was terminated.

        The Credit Agreement contains financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain (A) a maximum debt to total capitalization ratio, as adjusted for certain items, of 65 percent, and (B) a minimum interest coverage ratio, as adjusted for certain items, equal to or greater than 2.5 to 1.0. The debt to total

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capitalization ratio allows the add-back, if incurred, of up to the first $250 million of certain non-cash charges, including goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, occurring from and after January 1, 2012 that would negatively impact shareholders' equity.

        At December 31, 2013, we had additional borrowing capacity, subject to availability, of up to $1.2 billion. Alternatively, at December 31, 2013, we could absorb a reduction to shareholders' equity of approximately $770 million and remain in compliance with the debt to total capitalization covenant. We were in compliance with all Credit Agreement covenants and we had no borrowings under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2013.

        On August 15, 2013, the Company repurchased and retired all of its $200 million, 7.125% Notes on the scheduled retirement date.

        We had cash, cash investments and short-term bank deposits of approximately $1.5 billion at December 31, 2013. Our cash and cash investments consist of overnight interest bearing money market demand and time deposit accounts, money market mutual funds containing government securities and treasury obligations. While we attempt to diversify these investments in a prudent manner to minimize risk, it is possible that future changes in the financial markets could affect the security or availability of these investments.

        Of the $1.5 billion and the $1.4 billion of cash, cash investments and short-term bank deposits we held at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, $622 million and $572 million, respectively, is held in our foreign subsidiaries. If these funds were needed for our operations in the U.S., their repatriation into the U.S. may result in additional U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes. The amount of such taxes is dependent on the income tax laws and circumstances at the time of distribution.

        We have maintained investments in available-for-sale and marketable securities and a number of private equity funds, principally as part of our tax planning strategies, as any gains enhance the utilization of any current and future capital tax losses. Since we have significantly reduced our capital tax losses in part by generating capital gains from investments and other sources, we have and will continue to reduce our investments in long-term financial assets.

        We utilize derivative and hedging instruments to manage our exposure to currency fluctuations, primarily related to the European euro and the U.S. dollar; commodity cost fluctuations, primarily zinc and copper; and interest rate fluctuations, primarily related to debt issuances. We review our hedging program, derivative positions and overall risk management on a regular basis.

        During 2013, we paid quarterly dividends of $.075 per common share.

        Our working capital ratio was 1.9 to 1 and 1.7 to 1 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The increase in the working capital ratio is primarily due to the payment of $200 million of 7.125% Notes in August 2013, which were included in current liabilities at December 31, 2012.

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Cash Flows

        Significant sources and (uses) of cash in the past three years are summarized as follows, in millions:

 
  2013   2012   2011  

Net cash from operating activities

  $ 645   $ 281   $ 239  

Retirement of notes

    (200 )   (791 )   (58 )

Issuance of notes, net of issuance costs

        396      

Payment for settlement of swaps

        (25 )    

Proceeds from disposition of:

                   

Businesses, net of cash disposed

    17     9      

Property and equipment

    27     67     24  

Proceeds from financial investments, net

    15     40     94  

Cash dividends paid

    (107 )   (107 )   (107 )

Capital expenditures

    (126 )   (119 )   (151 )

Purchase of Company common stock

    (35 )   (8 )   (30 )

Decrease in debt, net

    (2 )   (1 )   (5 )

Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest

    (34 )   (40 )   (18 )

Proceeds (purchases) of short-term bank deposits, net

    2     (2 )   (23 )

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

    (7 )       (10 )

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash investments

    (3 )   11     (8 )

Other, net

    (9 )   (24 )   (19 )
               

Cash increase (decrease)

  $ 183   $ (313 ) $ (72 )
               
               

        Net cash provided by operations of $645 million consisted primarily of net income adjusted for non-cash and certain other items, including depreciation and amortization expense of $186 million, a $42 million net change in deferred taxes and other non-cash items, including stock-based compensation expense and amortization expense related to in-store displays.

        We continue to emphasize balance sheet management, including working capital management and cash flow generation. Days sales in accounts receivable were 46 days and 47 days, respectively, at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and days sales in inventories were 49 days and 52 days at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Accounts payable days were 67 days at December 31, 2013 and 66 days at December 31, 2012. Working capital (defined as accounts receivable and inventories less accounts payable) as a percent of sales was 10.6 percent at December 31, 2013 and 12.1 percent at December 31, 2012.

        Net cash used for financing activities was $382 million, primarily due to the retirement of $200 million of 7.125% Notes due August 15, 2013, $107 million for cash dividends paid, $34 million for dividends paid to noncontrolling interest and $35 million for the acquisition of our common stock to generally offset the dilutive impact of long-term stock awards granted in 2013.

        At December 31, 2013, we had remaining authorization from our Board of Directors to repurchase up to an additional 22.6 million shares of our common stock in open-market transactions or otherwise. We believe that our present cash balance and cash flows from operations are sufficient to fund our near-term working capital and other investment needs. We believe that our longer-term working capital and other general corporate requirements will be satisfied through cash flows from operations and, to the extent necessary, from bank borrowings and future financial market activities. Consistent with past practice, we anticipate repurchasing shares in 2014 to offset any dilution from long-term stock awards granted or stock options exercised as part of our compensation programs.

        Net cash used for investing activities was $77 million, and included $126 million for capital expenditures. Cash provided by investing activities included primarily $27 million of net proceeds from the disposition of property and equipment, $17 million from the disposition of businesses, net and $15 million

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from the net sale of financial investments. Investing activities also include net proceeds from the sale of short-term bank deposits of $2 million.

        We invest in automating our manufacturing operations to increase our productivity, improve customer service and support new product innovation. Capital expenditures for 2013 were $126 million, compared with $119 million for 2012 and $151 million for 2011. For 2014, capital expenditures, excluding any potential 2014 acquisitions, are expected to be approximately $200 million. Depreciation and amortization expense for 2013 totaled $186 million, compared with $214 million for 2012 and $263 million for 2011, including accelerated depreciation of $13 million, $28 million and $52 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For 2014, depreciation and amortization expense, excluding any potential 2014 acquisitions, is expected to be approximately $175 million. Amortization expense totaled $11 million, $12 million and $17 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        Costs of environmental responsibilities and compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations have not had, nor do we expect them to have, a material effect on our capital expenditures, financial position or results of operations.

Consolidated Results of Operations

        We report our financial results in accordance with GAAP in the United States. However, we believe that certain non-GAAP performance measures and ratios, used in managing the business, may provide users of this financial information with additional meaningful comparisons between current results and results in prior periods. Non-GAAP performance measures and ratios should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our reported results.

        Sales and Operations

        Net sales for 2013 were $8.2 billion, which increased nine percent compared with 2012. Excluding results from the acquisition of a small U.K. door business and the favorable effect of currency translation, net sales increased eight percent compared with 2012. The following table reconciles reported net sales to net sales excluding acquisitions and the effect of currency translation, in millions:

 
  Twelve Months
Ended
December 31
 
 
  2013   2012  

Net sales, as reported

  $ 8,173   $ 7,495  

– Acquisitions

    (16 )    
           

Net sales, excluding acquisitions

    8,157     7,495  

– Currency translation

    (28 )    
           

Net sales, excluding acquisitions and the effect of currency

  $ 8,129   $ 7,495  
           
           

        Net sales for 2013 were positively affected by increased sales volume of North American cabinets (such increase in cabinets was partially offset by a less favorable product mix) installation and other services, plumbing products, paints and stains, builders' hardware and windows, which, in aggregate, increased sales by approximately seven percent compared to 2012. Net sales of International plumbing products and cabinets also increased sales by one percent compared to 2012. Net sales for 2013 were also positively affected by selling prices, which increased sales by approximately one percent. Net sales for 2013 were negatively affected by lower selling prices of paints and stains.

        Net sales for 2012 were positively affected by increased sales volume of installed products, North American plumbing products, paints and stains, builders' hardware and windows, which, in aggregate, increased sales by approximately four percent compared to 2011. Net sales for 2012 were also positively

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affected by selling price increases, which increased sales by approximately three percent. Net sales for 2012 were negatively affected by the planned exit of certain cabinet and window product lines in certain geographic areas. A stronger U.S. dollar decreased sales by one percent compared to 2011.

        Our gross profit margins were 27.6 percent, 26.1 percent and 24.9 percent in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The 2013 gross profit margin reflects a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs as well as increased sales volume. The 2012 gross profit margin reflects a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs as well as increased sales volume. Both 2013 and 2012 reflect the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives.

        Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percent of sales were 19.4 percent in 2013 compared with 20.5 percent in 2012 and 21.5 percent in 2011. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percent of sales in 2013 and 2012 reflect increased sales volume and lower business rationalization costs. Both 2013 and 2012 also reflect the benefits associated with our business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives.

        Operating profit (loss) in 2013, 2012 and 2011 includes $48 million, $75 million and $111 million, respectively, of costs and charges related to business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives. Operating profit (loss) in 2012 and 2011 includes $42 million and $450 million, respectively, of impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets. Operating profit (loss) in 2012 and 2011 includes $77 million and $9 million, respectively, of net charges for litigation settlements. Operating profit (loss) in 2012 includes $8 million of net gains related to fixed asset sales. Operating profit (loss) margins, as reported, were 8.2 percent, 4.0 percent and (3.0) percent in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Operating profit margins, excluding the items above, were 8.8 percent, 6.5 percent and 5.0 percent in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        Operating margins in 2013 and 2012 were positively affected by a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs, increased sales volume and the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives.

        Other Income (Expense), Net

        Other, net, for 2013 included gains of $11 million from financial investments, net. Other, net, for 2013 also included realized foreign currency losses of $18 million and other miscellaneous items.

        In 2013, in conjunction with the transaction to sell our Danish ready-to-assemble cabinet business (included in discontinued operations), we also disposed of a related Danish holding company. This disposition triggered the settlement of loans, which resulted in the recognition of $18 million of currency translation expense, which is included in other income (expense) from continuing operations in the statement of operations.

        Other, net, for 2012 included net gains of $24 million from financial investments. During 2012, we recognized non-cash, pre-tax impairment charges aggregating $2 million for an investment in a private equity fund. Other, net, for 2012 also included realized foreign currency losses of $2 million and other miscellaneous items.

        During 2011, we recognized gains of $41 million related to the sale of TriMas common stock. We also recognized gains of $32 million related to distributions from private equity funds.

        Other, net, for 2011 also included realized foreign currency losses of $5 million and other miscellaneous items.

        Interest expense was $235 million in 2013 and $254 million in each of 2012 and 2011.

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        Income (Loss) and Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share from Continuing Operations (Attributable to Masco Corporation)

        Income and diluted income per common share from continuing operations for 2013 were $282 million and $.78 per common share, respectively. (Loss) and diluted (loss) per common share from continuing operations for 2012 were $(53) million and $(.16) per common share, respectively. (Loss) and diluted (loss) per common share from continuing operations for 2011 were $(394) million and $(1.14) per common share, respectively. (Loss) from continuing operations for 2012 included non-cash, pre-tax impairment charges for other intangible assets of $42 million ($27 million or $.08 per common share, after tax). (Loss) from continuing operations for 2011 included non-cash, pre-tax impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets of $450 million ($291 million or $.84 per common share, after tax).

        Our effective tax rate for the income (loss) from continuing operations was a 26 percent tax expense, a 125 percent tax expense, and a 10 percent tax benefit in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Compared to our normalized effective tax rate of 36 percent, the variance in the effective tax rate in 2013, 2012 and 2011 is due primarily to changes in the U.S. Federal valuation allowance and reversal of an accrual for uncertain tax positions.

Outlook for the Company

        We continue to make progress on our strategic initiatives, which include expanding our product leadership positions, reducing our costs, improving our Installation and Cabinet segments and strengthening our balance sheet. In 2014, we expect new home construction and repair and remodel activity to show continued improvement in North American and internationally. Our focus will be to continue to maximize the benefits of this activity and maintain the positive momentum. We are well positioned to grow our key brands and to gain share in our channels in 2014. Our emphasis will remain on developing our pipeline of innovation, improving our enterprise leverage, driving a high performance culture and focusing on continuous improvement across all our operating segments.

        We believe and are confident that the long-term fundamentals for new home construction and home improvement activity continue to be positive. We believe that our strong financial position, together with our current strategy of investing in leadership brands, including KRAFTMAID and MERILLAT cabinets, DELTA and HANSGROHE faucets, BEHR paint and MILGARD windows, our continued focus on innovation and our commitment to lean principles, will allow us to drive long-term growth and create value for our shareholders.

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Business Segment and Geographic Area Results

        The following table sets forth our net sales and operating profit (loss) information by business segment and geographic area, dollars in millions.

 
   
   
   
  Percent
Change
 
 
  2013   2012   2011   2013
vs.
2012
  2012
vs.
2011
 

Net Sales:

                               

Cabinets and Related Products

  $ 1,014   $ 939   $ 934     8 %   1  %

Plumbing Products

    3,183     2,955     2,913     8 %   1  %

Installation and Other Services

    1,412     1,209     1,077     17 %   12  %

Decorative Architectural Products

    1,927     1,818     1,670     6 %   9  %

Other Specialty Products

    637     574     576     11 %    %
                           

Total

  $ 8,173   $ 7,495   $ 7,170     9 %   5  %
                           
                           

North America

  $ 6,634   $ 6,046   $ 5,669     10 %   7  %

International, principally Europe

    1,539     1,449     1,501     6 %   (3 )%
                           

Total

  $ 8,173   $ 7,495   $ 7,170     9 %   5  %
                           
                           

 

 
  2013   2012   2012 (B)   2011   2011 (B)  

Operating Profit (Loss): (A)

                               

Cabinets and Related Products

  $ (10 ) $ (89 ) $ (89 ) $ (126 ) $ (126 )

Plumbing Products

    394     307     307     322     323  

Installation and Other Services

    37     (19 )   (19 )   (79 )   (79 )

Decorative Architectural Products

    351     329     329     196     271  

Other Specialty Products

    35     (31 )   11     (401 )   (27 )
                       

Total

  $ 807   $ 497   $ 539   $ (88 ) $ 362  
                       
                       

North America

  $ 649   $ 360   $ 402   $ (259 ) $ 191  

International, principally Europe

    158     137     137     171     171  
                       

Total

    807     497     539     (88 )   362  

General corporate expense, net

    (134 )   (126 )   (126 )   (118 )   (118 )

Charge for litigation settlements, net

        (77 )   (77 )   (9 )   (9 )

Gain from sales of fixed assets, net

        8     8          
                       

Total operating profit (loss)

  $ 673   $ 302   $ 344   $ (215 ) $ 235  
                       
                       

 

 
  2013   2012   2012 (B)   2011   2011 (B)  

Operating Profit (Loss) Margin: (A)

                               

Cabinets and Related Products

    (1.0 )%   (9.5 )%   (9.5 )%   (13.5 )%   (13.5 )%

Plumbing Products

    12.4  %   10.4  %   10.4  %   11.1  %   11.1  %

Installation and Other Services

    2.6  %   (1.6 )%   (1.6 )%   (7.3 )%   (7.3 )%

Decorative Architectural Products

    18.2  %   18.1  %   18.1  %   11.7  %   16.2  %

Other Specialty Products

    5.5  %   (5.4 )%   1.9  %   (69.6 )%   (4.7 )%

North America

    9.8  %   6.0  %   6.6  %   (4.6 )%   3.4  %

International, principally Europe

    10.3  %   9.5  %   9.5  %   11.4  %   11.4  %

Total

    9.9  %   6.6  %   7.2  %   (1.2 )%   5.0  %

Total operating profit (loss) margin, as reported

    8.2  %   4.0  %   N/A     (3.0 )%   N/A  

(A)
Before general corporate expense, net, gain from sales of fixed assets, net and charge for litigation settlements, net; see Note P to the consolidated financial statements.

(B)
Excluding impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets. The 2012 impairment charge for other intangible assets was as follows: Other Specialty Products – $42 million. The 2011 impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets were as follows: Plumbing Products – $1 million; Decorative Architectural Products – $75 million; and Other Specialty Products – $374 million.

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Business Segment Results Discussion

        Changes in operating profit margins in the following Business Segment and Geographic Area Results discussion exclude general corporate expense, net, charge for litigation settlements, net, gain from sales of fixed assets, net, and impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets in 2013, 2012 and 2011, as applicable.

        Business Rationalizations and Other Initiatives

        During the severe and prolonged downturn in our markets we took several actions focused on the strategic rationalization of our businesses, including business consolidations, plant closures, headcount reductions and other cost savings initiatives. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, we incurred net pre-tax costs and charges related to these initiatives of $48 million, $75 million and $111 million, respectively.

        We continue to realize the benefits of our business rationalization and continuous improvement initiatives across the enterprise and expect to identify additional opportunities to improve our business operations. We do not anticipate that any costs and charges related to our ongoing commitment to continuous improvement will be as significant as they have been.

        During 2013, our North American cabinet business continued to incur costs and charges of $11 million related to the closure of a cabinet components facility and additional severance. Our Plumbing Products segment incurred costs of $16 million related to a plant consolidation and severance in our bathing systems business in North America. Finally, we incurred $21 million of costs and charges across our business units related to other cost savings initiatives.

        In early February 2013, we determined that our Danish ready-to-assemble cabinet business was no longer core to our long-term growth strategy and, accordingly we embarked on a plan for disposition. This business unit had 2012 sales of approximately $250 million and an operating loss of approximately $30 million. The Company completed the disposition of this business and a related Danish holding company in December 2013.

        During 2012, our North American cabinet business continued to incur costs and charges of $33 million related to the closure of its countertop manufacturing facility (as a result of our strategic change to a sourcing model for countertops), the closure of a cabinet components facility and additional headcount reductions. Our Plumbing Products segment incurred costs of $25 million related to a plant closure and severance in our bathing systems business in North America and a plant closure and severance in Spain. We also incurred $14 million in costs related to severance actions at our corporate office. Finally, we incurred $3 million of costs and charges across our business units related to other cost savings initiatives.

        During 2011, we took several actions with our North American cabinet and window businesses to exit product lines and close facilities. We also incurred charges in our builder's hardware business and our Installation and Other Services segment. We incurred costs and charges of $111 million related to these and other actions. Also during 2011, we decided to dispose of several non-core businesses in the Installation and Other Services segment. These businesses were related to commercial drywall installation, millwork and framing, and were classified as discontinued operations for all periods. During 2012, we sold all of these businesses, for net proceeds of $7 million.

        Based on current plans, we anticipate costs and charges related to our business rationalizations and other initiatives to approximate $10 million in 2014. We continue to evaluate our businesses and may implement additional rationalization programs based on changes in our markets which could result in further costs and charges.

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        Cabinets and Related Products

        Net sales of Cabinets and Related Products in 2013 increased primarily due to increased sales volume of North American and International operations and increased selling prices in North America which, in the aggregate, increased net sales by 14 percent compared to 2012. Such increases were partially offset by a less favorable product mix in North America, which reduced sales in this segment by six percent.

        Net sales in this segment in 2012 increased primarily due to increased sales volume of North American operations and by increased selling prices, which increased sales by one percent compared to 2011.

        Net sales in this segment in 2011 were negatively affected by lower sales volumes of North American cabinets and the planned exit of North American ready-to-assemble and other non-core in-stock assembled cabinet product lines, particle board and door product lines.

        Operating margins in the Cabinets and Related Products segment in 2013 were positively affected by lower business rationalization expenses and the benefits associated with such expenses incurred in prior years. Operating margins were also positively affected by a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs, as well as increased sales volume and the related absorption of fixed costs. Such increases were partially offset by a less favorable product mix.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2012 were positively affected by lower business rationalization expenses and the benefits associated with such expenses incurred in prior years.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2011 were positively affected by lower business rationalization expenses and the benefits associated with such expenses, including benefits related to the integration of the North American cabinet businesses. Such increases were partially offset by a less favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs, aggressive promotional activity and lower sales volume and the related under-absorption of fixed costs.

        Plumbing Products

        Net sales of Plumbing Products increased in 2013 primarily due to increased sales volume and increased selling prices, which, in aggregate, increased sales by eight percent compared to 2012. A weaker U.S. dollar increased sales by one percent in 2013 compared to 2012. Such increases were partially offset by the loss of a portion of our bath products business.

        Net sales in this segment increased in 2012 primarily due to increased sales volume of North American operations and increased selling prices, which, in aggregate, increased sales by approximately five percent compared to 2011. Lower sales volume of international operations decreased sales in this segment by one percent from 2011. A stronger U.S. dollar decreased sales by three percent in 2012 compared to 2011.

        Net sales in this segment in 2011 were positively affected by increased selling prices and increased sales volume in North America and International.

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        Operating margins in the Plumbing Products segment in 2013 were positively affected by increased sales volume and a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs (including the impact of the metal hedge contracts), partially offset by a less favorable product mix.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2012 were negatively affected by lower sales volume and a less favorable product mix principally related to international operations. Such declines more than offset increased North American sales volume and a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2011 were negatively affected by a less favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs, a less favorable product mix and increased expenses related to growth initiatives which offset the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives.

        Installation and Other Services

        Net sales in the Installation and Other Services segment increased in 2013 primarily due to increased sales volume related to a higher level of activity in the new home construction market, as well as increased selling prices. Net sales were also positively affected by increased retrofit and commercial sales.

        Net sales in this segment increased in 2012 primarily due to increased sales volume related to a higher level of activity in the new home construction market and increased commercial sales.

        Net sales in this segment in 2011 were positively affected by increased distribution sales, increased selling prices and increased retrofit and commercial sales. Such increases were partially offset by lower sales volume of installed products related to the decline in the new home construction market.

        Operating margins in the Installation and Other Services segment in 2013 were positively affected by increased sales volume and the related absorption of fixed costs, as well as the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives. Operating margins were also positively affected by a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2012 were positively affected by increased sales volume and the related absorption of fixed costs, as well as the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2011 were positively affected by increased sales volume, the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives and a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs.

        Decorative Architectural Products

        Net sales of Decorative Architectural Products increased in 2013, primarily due to increased sales volume of paints and stains and builders' hardware, partially offset by lower selling prices of paints and stains.

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        Net sales in this segment increased in 2012, primarily due to increased selling prices of paints and stains, as well as increased sales volume of paints and stains and builders' hardware.

        Net sales in this segment in 2011 were negatively affected by lower sales volume of paints and stains and builders' hardware, partially offset by increased selling prices of paints and stains.

        Operating margins in the Decorative Architectural Products segment in 2013 reflect the benefits of increased sales volume of paints and stains and builders' hardware. Such benefits were partially offset by a less favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs and increased promotional and advertising costs.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2012 reflect a more favorable product mix, a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs related to paints and stains and lower program costs related to builders' hardware.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2011 were negatively affected by a less favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs related to paints and stains and increased expenses related to growth initiatives. This segment was also negatively affected by increased business rationalization expenses related to the exit of a builders' hardware product line.

        Other Specialty Products

        Net sales of Other Specialty Products increased in 2013 primarily due to increased sales volume, increased selling prices and a more favorable product mix of windows in North America, which in the aggregate increased sales by eleven percent compared to 2012. Such increases were partially offset by lower sales volume and lower selling prices of staple gun tackers and other fastening tools.

        Net sales in this segment were flat in 2012 primarily due to increased sales volume of windows in Western markets in the U.S., a more favorable product mix and increased selling prices which were offset by lower sales volume of North American windows resulting from the exit of certain markets.

        Net sales in this segment in 2011 were negatively affected by lower sales volume of windows in North America (due to the expiration of the energy tax credit in 2010) and the U.K., partially offset by increased selling prices and increased sales related to new product introductions and geographic expansion.

        Operating margins in the Other Specialty Products segment in 2013 reflect increased sales volume and the related absorption of fixed costs, as well as a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs. This segment also reflects the benefits associated with the business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives. Such positive results were partially offset by lower sales volume and lower selling prices of staple gun tackers and other fastening tools.

        Operating results in the Other Specialty Products segment in 2012 were positively affected by the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives, lower business rationalization costs and a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs. These items more than offset the increased warranty expense of $12 million.

        Operating margins in this segment in 2011 were negatively affected by increased business rationalization expenses, lower sales volume and increased product launch and geographic expansion costs. Such decreases offset a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs and the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives.

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Geographic Area Results Discussion

    North America

        North American net sales in 2013 were positively impacted by increased sales volume of installation and other services, plumbing products, paints and stains, windows, cabinets (such increase in cabinets was partially offset by a less favorable product mix), and builders' hardware which, in the aggregate, increased sales by approximately nine percent compared to 2012. Net sales were also positively affected by increased selling prices of cabinets, installation and other services and windows, which increased sales by approximately two percent compared to 2012. Such increases were partially offset by lower selling prices of paints and stains.

        North American net sales in 2012 were positively impacted by increased sales volume of installation and other services, plumbing products, paints and stains, builders' hardware and windows, which, in the aggregate, increased sales by approximately four percent compared to 2011. Net sales were also positively affected by increased selling prices of plumbing products and paints and stains, which increased sales by approximately three percent compared to 2011.

        North American net sales in 2011 were negatively impacted by lower sales volume of cabinets, including the planned exit of certain product lines, paints and stains, builders' hardware and windows, partially offset by increased selling prices of plumbing products and paints and stains.

        Operating margins from North American operations in 2013 were positively affected by increased sales volume and the related absorption of fixed costs, as well as a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs. North American operations were also positively affected by lower business rationalization expenses and the benefits associated with business rationalization and other cost savings initiatives.

        Operating margins from North American operations in 2012 were positively affected by a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs, lower business rationalization expenses and the benefits associated with business rationalization and other cost savings initiatives which, in aggregate, increased operating margins by three percentage points.

        Operating margins from North American operations in 2011 were positively affected by lower business rationalization expenses and the benefits associated with business rationalization and other cost savings initiatives. Such increases offset the negative impact of lower sales volume and the related under-absorption of fixed costs and a less favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs.

        International, Principally Europe

        Net sales from international operations in 2013 increased four percent in local currencies compared to 2012, primarily due to increased sales volume of international plumbing products and cabinets and increased selling prices for International plumbing products. A weaker U.S. dollar increased International net sales by two percent in 2013 compared to 2012.

        Net sales from international operations in 2012 increased three percent in local currencies compared to 2011, primarily due to increased selling prices, partially offset by lower sales volume of international plumbing products, cabinets and windows. A stronger U.S. dollar decreased International net sales by seven percent in 2012 compared to 2011.

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        Net sales from international operations in 2011 were positively affected by increased sales volume and increased selling prices of International plumbing products, offset by lower sales volume of International cabinets.

        Operating margins from international operations in 2013 were positively affected by a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs, primarily related to international plumbing products and the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives, partially offset by a less favorable product mix.

        Operating margins from international operations in 2012 were negatively affected by a less favorable product mix, partially offset by a more favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs, primarily related to international plumbing products, the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives.

        Operating margins from international operations in 2011 were negatively affected by a less favorable product mix and a less favorable relationship between selling prices and commodity costs, offset by the benefits associated with business rationalizations and other cost savings initiatives.

Other Matters

    Commitments and Contingencies

        Litigation

        Information regarding our legal proceedings is set forth in Note U to the consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

        Other Commitments

        With respect to our investments in private equity funds, we had, at December 31, 2013, commitments to contribute up to $14 million of additional capital to such funds, representing our aggregate capital commitment to such funds less capital contributions made to date. We are contractually obligated to make additional capital contributions to these private equity funds upon receipt of a capital call from the private equity fund. We have no control over when or if the capital calls will occur. Capital calls are funded in cash and generally result in an increase in the carrying value of our investment in the private equity fund when paid.

        We enter into contracts, which include reasonable and customary indemnifications that are standard for the industries in which we operate. Such indemnifications include claims made against builders by homeowners for issues relating to our products and workmanship. In conjunction with divestitures and other transactions, we occasionally provide reasonable and customary indemnifications relating to various items, including: the enforceability of trademarks; legal and environmental issues; and provisions for sales returns. We have never had to pay a material amount related to these indemnifications, and we evaluate the probability that amounts may be incurred and we appropriately record an estimated liability when probable.

        Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.    On January 1, 2013, we adopted new accounting guidance requiring disclosure of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income. The adoption of this new guidance did not have an impact on our financial position or our results of operations.

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Contractual Obligations

        The following table provides payment obligations related to current contracts at December 31, 2013, in millions:

 
  Payments Due by Period  
 
  Less than
1 Year
  1 - 3
Years
  3 - 5
Years
  More than
5 Years
  Other (D)   Total  

Debt (A)

  $ 6   $ 1,803   $ 116   $ 1,502   $   $ 3,427  

Interest (A)

    212     485     206     526         1,429  

Operating leases

    62     99     27     73         261  

Currently payable income taxes

    32                     32  

Private equity funds (B)

    7     7                 14  

Purchase commitments (C)

    272     6                 278  

Uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties (D)

                    59     59  
                           

Total

  $ 591   $ 2,400   $ 349   $ 2,101   $ 59   $ 5,500  
                           
                           

(A)
We assumed that all debt would be held to maturity.

(B)
There is no schedule for the capital commitments to the private equity funds; such allocation was estimated.

(C)
Excludes contracts that do not require volume commitments and open or pending purchase orders.

(D)
Due to the high degree of uncertainty regarding the timing of future cash outflows associated with uncertain tax positions, we are unable to make a reasonable estimate for the period beyond the next year in which cash settlements may occur with applicable tax authorities.

        Refer to Note M of our financial statements for defined-benefit plan obligations.

Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

        We have considered the provisions of accounting guidance regarding disclosure of accounting policies for derivative financial instruments and derivative commodity instruments, and disclosure of quantitative and qualitative information about market risk inherent in derivative financial instruments, other financial instruments and derivative commodity instruments.

        We are exposed to the impact of changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity costs in the normal course of business and to market price fluctuations related to our financial investments. We have involvement with derivative financial instruments and use such instruments to the extent necessary to manage exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and commodity fluctuations. See Note F to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our derivative instruments.

        At December 31, 2013, we performed sensitivity analyses to assess the potential loss in the fair values of market risk sensitive instruments resulting from a hypothetical change of 10 percent in foreign currency exchange rates, a 10 percent decline in the market value of our long-term investments, a 10 percent change in commodity costs, or a 10 percent change in interest rates. Based upon the analyses performed, such changes would not be expected to materially affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        The management of Masco Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Masco Corporation's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

        The management of Masco Corporation assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 based on the 1992 framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in "Internal Control – Integrated Framework." Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013.

        PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, performed an audit of the Company's consolidated financial statements and of the effectiveness of Masco Corporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. Their report expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Masco Corporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 and expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's 2013 consolidated financial statements. This report appears under 'Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data' under the heading "Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm."

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Masco Corporation:

        In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a) (1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Masco Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 8. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

        A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Detroit, Michigan
February 14, 2014

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Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

MASCO CORPORATION and Consolidated Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

at December 31, 2013 and 2012

(In Millions, Except Share Data)
 
 
  2013   2012  

ASSETS

             

Current Assets:

             

Cash and cash investments

  $ 1,223   $ 1,040  

Short-term bank deposits

    321     311  

Receivables

    1,004     933  

Inventories

    765     726  

Prepaid expenses and other

    155     107  

Assets held for sale

        100  
           

Total current assets

    3,468     3,217  

Property and equipment, net

    1,252     1,326  

Goodwill

    1,903     1,894  

Other intangible assets, net

    149     151  

Other assets

    161     184  

Assets held for sale

        103  
           

Total Assets

  $ 6,933   $ 6,875  
           
           

LIABILITIES and EQUITY

             

Current Liabilities:

             

Accounts payable

  $ 902   $ 788  

Notes payable

    6     206  

Accrued liabilities

    874     823  

Liabilities held for sale

        45  
           

Total current liabilities

    1,782     1,862  

Long-term debt

    3,421     3,422  

Deferred income taxes and other

    967     1,053  

Liabilities held for sale

        4  
           

Total Liabilities

    6,170     6,341  
           

Commitments and contingencies

             

Equity:

   
 
   
 
 

Masco Corporation's shareholders' equity Common shares authorized: 1,400,000,000; issued and outstanding: 2013 – 349,500,000; 2012 – 349,000,000

    349     349  

Preferred shares authorized: 1,000,000; issued and outstanding: 2013 and 2012 – None

         

Paid-in capital

    16     16  

Retained earnings (deficit)

    55     (102 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income

    115     59  
           

Total Masco Corporation's shareholders' equity

    535     322  

Noncontrolling interest

    228     212  
           

Total Equity

    763     534  
           

Total Liabilities and Equity

  $ 6,933   $ 6,875  
           
           

   

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MASCO CORPORATION and Consolidated Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(In Millions, Except Per Common Share Data)
 
 
  2013   2012   2011  

Net sales

  $ 8,173   $ 7,495   $ 7,170  

Cost of sales

    5,918     5,539     5,383  
               

Gross profit

    2,255     1,956     1,787  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    1,582     1,535     1,543  

Charge for litigation settlements, net

        77     9  

Impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets

        42     450  
               

Operating profit (loss)

    673     302     (215 )
               

Other income (expense), net:

                   

Interest expense

    (235 )   (254 )   (254 )

Other, net

    (4 )   25     77  
               

    (239 )   (229 )   (177 )
               

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

    434     73     (392 )

Income tax expense (benefit)

    111     91     (40 )
               

Income (loss) from continuing operations

    323     (18 )   (352 )

Loss from discontinued operations, net

    (10 )   (61 )   (181 )
               

Net income (loss)

    313     (79 )   (533 )

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest

    41     35     42  
               

Net income (loss) attributable to Masco Corporation

  $ 272   $ (114 ) $ (575 )
               
               

Income (loss) per common share attributable to Masco Corporation:

                   

Basic:

                   

Income (loss) from continuing operations

  $ .79   $ (.16 ) $ (1.14 )

Loss from discontinued operations, net

    (.03 )   (.17 )   (.52 )
               

Net income (loss)

  $ .76   $ (.33 ) $ (1.66 )
               
               

Diluted:

                   

Income (loss) from continuing operations

  $ .78   $ (.16 ) $ (1.14 )

Loss from discontinued operations, net

    (.03 )   (.17 )   (.52 )
               

Net income (loss)

  $ .76   $ (.33 ) $ (1.66 )
               
               

Amounts attributable to Masco Corporation:

                   

Income (loss) from continuing operations

  $ 282   $ (53 ) $ (394 )

Loss from discontinued operations, net

    (10 )   (61 )   (181 )
               

Net income (loss)

  $ 272   $ (114 ) $ (575 )
               
               

   

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MASCO CORPORATION and Consolidated Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

 
   
  (In Millions)
 
 
  2013   2012   2011  

Net income (loss)

  $ 313   $ (79 ) $ (533 )

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest

    41     35     42  
               

Net income (loss) attributable to Masco Corporation

  $ 272   $ (114 ) $ (575 )
               
               

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (see Note O):

                   

Cumulative translation adjustment

  $ (75 ) $ 28   $ (30 )

Interest rate swaps

    2     2     (23 )

Marketable securities

            (38 )

Unrecognized pension prior service cost and net gain (loss)

    138     (45 )   (113 )
               

Other comprehensive income (loss)

    65     (15 )   (204 )

Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest:

   
 
   
 
   
 
 

Cumulative translation adjustment

  $ 8   $ 9   $ (7 )

Unrecognized pension prior service cost and net gain (loss)

    1     (7 )    
               

    9     2     (7 )

Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Masco Corporation

  $ 56   $ (17 ) $ (197 )
               
               

Total comprehensive income (loss)

  $ 378   $ (94 ) $ (737 )
               

Less: Total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest

    50     37     35  
               

Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Masco Corporation

  $ 328   $ (131 ) $ (772 )
               
               

   

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

43


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MASCO CORPORATION and Consolidated Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

 
  (In Millions)
 
 
  2013   2012   2011  

CASH FLOWS FROM (FOR) OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

                   

Net income (loss)

  $ 313   $ (79 ) $ (533 )

Depreciation and amortization

    186     214     263  

Deferred income taxes

    42     50     (112 )

Non-cash loss on disposition of businesses, net

    15     4      

(Gain) on disposition of investments, net

    (10 )   (24 )   (71 )

Impairment charges:

                   

Financial investments

        2      

Goodwill and other intangible assets

        42     450  

Discontinued operations

    10     3     130  

Stock-based compensation

    54     61     61  

Other items, net

    (3 )   (28 )   53  

Increase in receivables

    (85 )   (50 )   (60 )

Increase in inventories

    (24 )   (16 )   (54 )

Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, net

    147     102     112  
               

Net cash from operating activities

    645     281     239  
               

CASH FLOWS FROM (FOR) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

                   

Increase in debt

    3     4     4  

Payment of debt

    (5 )   (5 )   (9 )

Issuance of notes, net of issuance costs

        396      

Credit Agreement costs

    (4 )       (1 )

Retirement of Notes

    (200 )   (791 )   (58 )

Payment for settlement of swaps

        (25 )    

Purchase of Company common stock

    (35 )   (8 )   (30 )

Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest

    (34 )   (40 )   (18 )

Cash dividends paid

    (107 )   (107 )   (107 )
               

Net cash for financing activities

    (382 )   (576 )   (219 )
               

CASH FLOWS FROM (FOR) INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

                   

Capital expenditures

    (126 )   (119 )   (151 )

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

    (7 )       (10 )

Proceeds from disposition of:

                   

Marketable securities

            49  

Short-term bank deposits

    411     430     545  

Businesses, net of cash disposed

    17     9      

Property and equipment

    27     67     24  

Other financial investments

    16     43     52  

Purchases of:

                   

Other financial investments

    (1 )   (3 )   (7 )

Short-term bank deposits

    (409 )   (432 )   (568 )

Other, net

    (5 )   (24 )   (18 )
               

Net cash for investing activities

    (77 )   (29 )   (84 )
               

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash investments

    (3 )   11     (8 )
               

CASH AND CASH INVESTMENTS:

                   

Increase (decrease) for the year

    183     (313 )   (72 )

At January 1

    1,040     1,353     1,425  
               

At December 31

  $ 1,223   $ 1,040   $ 1,353  
               
               

   

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

44


Table of Contents


MASCO CORPORATION and Consolidated Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

 
  (In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
  Total   Common
Shares
($1 par value)
  Paid-In
Capital
  Retained
(Deficit)
Earnings
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
  Noncontrolling
Interest
 

Balance, January 1, 2011

  $ 1,582   $ 349   $ 42   $ 720   $ 273   $ 198  

Total comprehensive (loss) income

    (737 )               (575 )   (197 )   35  

Shares issued

        2     (2 )                  

Shares retired:

                                     

Repurchased

    (30 )   (2 )   (28 )                  

Surrendered (non-cash)

    (8 )   (1 )   (7 )                  

Cash dividends declared

    (107 )               (107 )            

Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest

    (18 )                           (18 )

Stock-based compensation

    60           60                    
                           

Balance, December 31, 2011

  $ 742   $ 348   $ 65   $ 38   $ 76   $ 215  
                           
                           

Total comprehensive (loss) income

    (94 )               (114 )   (17 )   37  

Shares issued

    (1 )   3     (4 )                  

Shares retired:

                                     

Repurchased

    (8 )   (1 )   (7 )                  

Surrendered (non-cash)

    (8 )   (1 )   (7 )                  

Cash dividends declared

    (107 )         (81 )   (26 )            

Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest

    (40 )                           (40 )

Stock-based compensation

    50           50                    
                           

Balance, December 31, 2012

  $ 534   $ 349   $ 16   $ (102 ) $ 59   $ 212  
                           
                           

Total comprehensive income

    378                 272     56     50  

Shares issued

    (8 )   3     (11 )                  

Shares retired:

                                     

Repurchased

    (35 )   (2 )   (11 )   (22 )            

Surrendered (non-cash)

    (12 )   (1 )   (11 )                  

Cash dividends declared

    (107 )         (14 )   (93 )            

Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest

    (34 )                           (34 )

Stock-based compensation

    47           47                    
                           

Balance, December 31, 2013

  $ 763   $ 349   $ 16   $ 55   $ 115   $ 228  
                           
                           

   

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

45


Table of Contents


MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

        Principles of Consolidation.    The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Masco Corporation and all majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The Company consolidates the assets, liabilities and results of operations of variable interest entities, for which the Company is the primary beneficiary.

        Use of Estimates and Assumptions in the Preparation of Financial Statements.    The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the Company to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of any contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.

        Revenue Recognition.    The Company recognizes revenue as title to products and risk of loss is transferred to customers or when services are rendered, net of applicable provisions for discounts, returns and allowances. The Company records revenue for unbilled services performed based upon material and labor incurred in the Installation and Other Services segment; such amounts are recorded in receivables. Amounts billed for shipping and handling are included in net sales, while costs incurred for shipping and handling are included in cost of sales.

        Customer Promotion Costs.    The Company records estimated reductions to revenue for customer programs and incentive offerings, including special pricing and co-operative advertising arrangements, promotions and other volume-based incentives. In-store displays that are owned by the Company and used to market the Company's products are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of three to five years; related amortization expense is classified as a selling expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

        Foreign Currency.    The financial statements of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. The resulting cumulative translation adjustments have been recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of shareholders' equity. Realized foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of operations in other income (expense), net.

        Cash and Cash Investments.    The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash investments.

        Short-Term Bank Deposits.    The Company invests a portion of its foreign excess cash in short-term bank deposits. These highly liquid investments have original maturities between three and twelve months and are valued at cost, which approximates fair value at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. These short-term bank deposits are classified in the current assets section of the Company's consolidated balance sheets, and interest income related to short-term bank deposits is recorded in the Company's consolidated statement of operations in other income (expense), net.

46


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MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        Receivables.    The Company does significant business with a number of customers, including certain home centers and homebuilders. The Company monitors its exposure for credit losses on its customer receivable balances and the credit worthiness of its customers on an on-going basis and records related allowances for doubtful accounts. Allowances are estimated based upon specific customer balances, where a risk of default has been identified, and also include a provision for non-customer specific defaults based upon historical collection, return and write-off activity. During downturns in the Company's markets, declines in the financial condition and creditworthiness of customers impacts the credit risk of the receivables involved and the Company has incurred additional bad debt expense related to customer defaults. A separate allowance is recorded for customer incentive rebates and is generally based upon sales activity. Receivables are presented net of certain allowances (including allowances for doubtful accounts) of $57 million and $71 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Receivables include unbilled revenue related to the Installation and Other Services segment of $24 million and $18 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

        Property and Equipment.    Property and equipment, including significant betterments to existing facilities, are recorded at cost. Upon retirement or disposal, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations. Maintenance and repair costs are charged against earnings as incurred.

        The Company reviews its property and equipment as an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the property and equipment below the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of property and equipment is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the current fair value. Further, the Company evaluates the remaining useful lives of property and equipment at each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining depreciation periods.

        Depreciation.    Depreciation expense is computed principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Annual depreciation rates are as follows: buildings and land improvements, 2 to 10 percent, and machinery and equipment, 5 to 33 percent. Depreciation expense was $175 million, $192 million and $234 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Such depreciation expense included accelerated depreciation of $13 million (primarily in the Cabinets and Related Products and Plumbing Products segments), $28 million (primarily in the Cabinets and Related Products and Plumbing Products segments) and $52 million (primarily in the Cabinets and Related Products and Other Specialty Products segment) in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.    The Company performs its annual impairment testing of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year, or as events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company has defined its reporting units and completed the impairment testing of goodwill at the operating segment level. The Company's operating segments are reporting units that engage in business activities, for which discrete financial information, including five-year forecasts, are available. The Company compares the fair value of the reporting units to the carrying value of the reporting units for goodwill impairment testing. Fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow method, which includes significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs).

47


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MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        Determining market values using a discounted cash flow method requires the Company to make significant estimates and assumptions, including long-term projections of cash flows, market conditions and appropriate discount rates. The Company's judgments are based upon historical experience, current market trends, consultations with external valuation specialists and other information. In estimating future cash flows, the Company relies on internally generated five-year forecasts for sales and operating profits, including capital expenditures, and generally a one to three percent long-term assumed annual growth rate of cash flows for periods after the five-year forecast. The Company utilizes its weighted average cost of capital of approximately 10 percent as the basis to determine the discount rate to apply to the estimated future cash flows. Our weighted average cost of capital increased in 2013 due to improving market conditions and an increased stock price. In 2013 and 2012, due to improving market conditions, the Company increased the discount rate to a range of 11.5 percent to 13.5 percent in 2013 for most of its reporting units compared to a range of 11 percent to 13 percent in 2012. The Company records an impairment to goodwill (adjusting the value to the estimated fair value) if the book value exceeds the estimated fair value.

        The Company reviews its other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year, or as events occur or circumstances change that indicate the assets may be impaired without regard to the reporting unit. The Company considers the implications of both external (e.g., market growth, competition and local economic conditions) and internal (e.g., product sales and expected product growth) factors and their potential impact on cash flows related to the intangible asset in both the near- and long-term.

        Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The Company evaluates the remaining useful lives of amortizable intangible assets at each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. See Note H for additional information regarding Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.

        Fair Value Accounting.    The Company follows accounting guidance for its financial investments and liabilities which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and prescribes disclosures about fair value measurements. The Company also follows this guidance for its non-financial investments and liabilities.

        The fair value of financial investments and liabilities is determined at each balance sheet date and future declines in market conditions, the future performance of the underlying investments or new information could affect the recorded values of the Company's investments in marketable securities, private equity funds and other private investments.

        The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage certain exposure to fluctuations in earnings and cash flows resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity costs and interest rate exposures. Derivative financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as either an asset or liability measured at fair value, netted by counterparty, where the right of offset exists. For derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, the gain or loss is recognized in determining current earnings during the period of the change in fair value.

        Warranty.    At the time of sale, the Company accrues a warranty liability for the estimated cost to provide products, parts or services to repair or replace products in satisfaction of warranty obligations.

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Table of Contents


MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

The Company's estimate of costs to service its warranty obligations is based upon the information available and includes a number of factors such as the warranty coverage, the warranty period, historical experience specific to the nature, frequency and average cost to service the claim, along with product manufacturing metrics and industry and demographic trends.

        Certain factors and related assumptions in determining our warranty liability involve judgments and estimates and are sensitive to changes in the aforementioned factors. The Company believes that the warranty accrual is appropriate; however, actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates thereby requiring adjustments to previously established accruals.

        A majority of the Company's business is at the consumer retail level through home centers and major retailers. A consumer may return a product to a retail outlet that is a warranty return. However, certain retail outlets do not distinguish between warranty and other types of returns when they claim a return deduction from the Company. The Company's revenue recognition policy takes into account this type of return when recognizing revenue, and deductions are recorded at the time of sale.

        Product Liability.    The Company provides for expenses associated with product liability obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The accruals are adjusted as new information develops or circumstances change that would affect the estimated liability.

        Stock-Based Compensation.    The Company measures compensation expense for stock awards at the market price of the Company's common stock at the grant date. Such expense is recognized ratably over the shorter of the vesting period of the stock awards, typically 5 to 10 years, or the length of time until the grantee becomes retirement-eligible at age 65.

        The Company measures compensation expense for stock options using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Such expense is recognized ratably over the shorter of the vesting period of the stock options, typically five years, or the length of time until the grantee becomes retirement-eligible at age 65. The Company utilizes the shortcut method to determine the tax windfall pool associated with stock options.

        Noncontrolling Interest.    The Company owns 68 percent of Hansgrohe SE at both December 31, 2013 and 2012. The aggregate noncontrolling interest, net of dividends, at December 31, 2013 and 2012 has been recorded as a component of equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

        Interest and Penalties on Uncertain Tax Positions.    The Company records interest and penalties on its uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

        Reclassifications.    Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2013 presentation in the consolidated financial statements. In the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows, the cash flows from discontinued operations are not separately classified.

        Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements.    During the third quarter ended September 30, 2013, the Company identified an error related to the classification of cash and cash investments. Foreign short-term bank deposits with terms ranging from three months to twelve months

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MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

were incorrectly classified as cash and cash investments rather than short-term bank deposits. Historic periods are revised, as detailed below, in our future filings. These classification errors were not considered material to any prior period financial statements.

        The following table presents the impact of the revisions on the Company's previously issued consolidated balance sheets (in millions).

Balance Sheet December 31, 2012
  As Reported   As Revised  

Cash and cash investments

  $ 1,351   $ 1,040  

Short-term bank deposits

        311  

Total current assets

  $ 3,217   $ 3,217  

 

Balance Sheet December 31, 2011
  As Reported   As Revised  

Cash and cash investments

  $ 1,656   $ 1,353  

Short-term bank deposits

        303  

Total current assets

  $ 3,429   $ 3,429  

        This revision had no effect on our consolidated results of operations.

        The following table presents the impact of the revisions on the Company's previously issued consolidated statement of cash flows (in millions).

Cash Flows December 31, 2012
  As Reported   As Revised  

Net cash (for) investing activities

  $ (27 ) $ (29 )

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash investments

  $ 17   $ 11  

Decrease in cash and cash investments

  $ (305 ) $ (313 )

 

Cash Flows December 31, 2011
  As Reported   As Revised  

Net cash (for) investing activities

  $ (61 ) $ (84 )

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash investments

  $ (18 ) $ (8 )

Decrease in cash and cash investments

  $ (59 ) $ (72 )

 

Cash Flows December 31, 2010
  As Reported   As Revised  

Net cash (for) investing activities

  $ (109 ) $ (244 )

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash investments

  $ (14 ) $ (7 )

Increase in cash and cash investments

  $ 302   $ 174  

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Table of Contents


MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Concluded)

        The following table presents the impact of the revisions on the Company's previously issued consolidated balance sheets and statements of cash flows (all cash flow figures are year-to-date, in millions).

 
  Mar. 31,
2012
  June 30,
2012
  Sep. 30,
2012
  Mar. 31,
2013
  June 30,
2013
 

Cash and cash investments

                               

As reported

  $ 1,788   $ 1,853   $ 1,166   $ 1,032   $ 1,223  

As revised

  $ 1,491   $ 1,612   $ 889   $ 828   $ 1,028  

Short-term bank deposits

   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 

As reported

                     

As revised

  $ 297   $ 241   $ 277   $ 204   $ 195  

Net cash (for) from investing activities

   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 

As reported

  $ (2 ) $ (15 ) $ (42 ) $ (30 ) $ (51 )

As revised

  $ 10   $ 37   $ (17 ) $ 70   $ 62  

        The revisions did not significantly impact the effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash investments in each quarter above. These changes will be reflected in the revised statements of cash flows, in future filings.

        Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.    On January 1, 2013, the Company adopted new accounting guidance requiring disclosure of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income. The adoption of this new guidance did not have an impact on the Company's financial position or its results of operations.

B. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

        The presentation of discontinued operations includes components of the Company that the Company intends to sell, which comprises operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished from the rest of the Company.

        In February 2013, the Company determined that Tvilum, its Danish ready-to-assemble cabinet business, was no longer core to its long-term growth strategy and, accordingly, the Company embarked on a plan for disposition. In December 2013, the Company completed the disposition of this business and a related Danish holding company for net proceeds of $17 million.

        During 2011, the Company determined that several businesses in the Installation and Other Services segment were not core to the Company's long-term growth strategy. These businesses provide commercial drywall installation, millwork and framing services. During 2012, the Company disposed all of these businesses for net proceeds of $7 million.

        The Company has accounted for the business units identified in 2013 and 2011 as discontinued operations. Losses from these discontinued operations were included in loss from discontinued operations, net, in the consolidated statements of operations.

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MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

B. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Continued)

        Selected financial information for the discontinued operations during the period owned by the Company, were as follows, in millions:

 
  2013   2012   2011  

Net sales

  $ 265   $ 321   $ 389  
               
               

Operating loss from discontinued operations

  $ (7 ) $ (44 ) $ (58 )

Impairment of assets held for sale

    (10 )   (3 )   (130 )

Gain (loss) on disposal of discontinued operations, net

    3     (6 )   (3 )
               

Loss before income tax

    (14 )   (53 )   (191 )

Income tax (benefit) expense

   
(4

)
 
8
   
(10

)
               

Loss from discontinued operations, net

 
$

(10

)

$

(61

)

$

(181

)
               
               

        Included in impairment of assets held for sale in 2013 is the impairment of fixed assets. During the first quarter of 2013, the Company estimated the fair value of the business held for sale, using unobservable inputs (Level 3). After considering the currency translation gains reported in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, the Company recorded an impairment of $10 million in the first quarter of 2013.

        In 2013, in conjunction with the transaction to sell the Danish ready-to-assemble cabinet business (included in discontinued operations), the Company also disposed of a non-operating entity in Denmark. This disposition triggered the settlement of loans, which resulted in the recognition of $18 million of currency translation expense, which is included in other income (expense) from continuing operations in the statement of operations.

        Included in the impairment of assets held for sale, net in 2011 is the impairment of indefinite and definite-lived intangible assets of $56 million, the impairment of goodwill of $57 million and the impairment of fixed and other assets of $17 million. Included in the loss on disposal of discontinued operations, net in 2011 is $3 million expense reflecting the adjustment of certain assets related to businesses disposed in prior years.

        The unusual relationship between income tax expense and loss before income tax in 2012 resulted primarily from the increase in the deferred tax liability associated with the abandonment of tax basis in indefinite-lived intangibles due to the disposition of certain discontinued operations.

        The unusual relationship between income taxes and loss before income taxes in 2011 resulted primarily from certain losses providing no current tax benefit.

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MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

B. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Concluded)

        The following balance sheet items have been classified as held for sale:

 
  December 31,  
 
  2013   2012  

Receivables

  $   $ 32  

Inventories

        66  

Prepaid expenses and other

        2  

Property and equipment, net

        103  
           

Total assets

  $   $ 203  

Accounts payable

   
   
31
 

Accrued liabilities

        14  

Deferred income taxes

        4  
           

Total liabilities

  $   $ 49  

        In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company determined that the estimated fair value calculated for Tvilum was lower than the net book value. The Company assessed the long-lived assets associated with this business unit and determined that no impairment was necessary at December 31, 2012.

        Also during 2011, the Company decided to exit a product line in builders' hardware in the Decorative Architectural Products segment with net sales of $1 million and an operating loss of $15 million in 2011 (including $8 million to write-down inventory related to satisfaction of contractual obligations). In the first quarter of 2012, the Company disposed of this product line. This business was included in continuing operations through the date of disposal.

C. ACQUISITIONS

        In the first quarter of 2013, the Company acquired a small U.K. door business in the Other Specialty Products segment. The total net cash purchase price was $4 million in 2013.

        In late 2011, the Company acquired a small manufacturer of hot tubs in the Plumbing Products segment; this business allows the Company to expand its spa offering into additional price point categories. The total net cash purchase price was $10 million in 2011.

        The results of these acquisitions are included in the consolidated financial statements from the respective date of acquisition.

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MASCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

D. INVENTORIES

 
  (In Millions)
 
 
  At December 31  
 
  2013   2012  

Finished goods

  $ 398   $ 369  

Raw material

    268     261  

Work in process

    99     96  
           

Total

  $ 765   $ 726  
           
           

        Inventories, which include purchased parts, materials, direct labor and applied manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by use of the first-in, first-out method.

E. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS AND LIABILITIES

        Accounting Policy.    The Company follows accounting guidance that defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and prescribes disclosures about fair value measurements for its financial investments and liabilities. The guidance defines fair value as "the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date." Further, it defines a fair value hierarchy, as follows: Level 1 inputs as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 inputs as observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by market data; and Level 3 inputs as unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models or instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

        Financial investments that are available to be traded on readily accessible stock exchanges (domestic or foreign) are considered to have active markets and have been valued using Level 1 inputs. Financial investments that are not available to be traded on a public market or have limited secondary markets, or contain provisions that limit the ability to sell the investment are considered to have inactive markets and have been valued using Level 2 or 3 inputs. The Company incorporated credit risk into the valuations of financial investments by estimating the likelihood of non-performance by the counterparty to the applicable transactions. The estimate included the length of time relative to the contract, financial condition of the counterparty and current market conditions. The criteria for determining if a market was active or inactive were based on the individual facts and circumstances.

        Financial Investments.    The Company has maintained investments in available-for-sale securities and a number of private equity funds and other private investments, principally as part of its tax planning strategies, as any gains enhance the utilization of any current and future tax capital losses.

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E. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)

        Financial investments included in other assets were as follows, in millions:

 
  At December 31  
 
  2013   2012  

Auction rate securities

  $ 22   $ 22  
           

Total recurring investments

    22     22  

Private equity funds

   
63
   
69
 

Other investments

    3     4  
           

Total non-recurring investments

    66     73  

Total

 
$

88
 
$

95
 
           
           

        The Company's investments in available-for-sale securities included cost basis of $19 million and pre-tax unrealized gains of $3 million and had a recorded basis of $22 million at both December 31, 2013 and 2012.

        The Company's investments in private equity funds and other private investments are carried at cost. At December 31, 2013, the Company has investments in 14 venture capital funds, with an aggregate carrying value of $15 million. The venture capital funds invest in start-up or smaller, early-stage established businesses, principally in the information technology, bio-technology and health care sectors. At December 31, 2013, the Company also has investments in 15 buyout funds, with an aggregate carrying value of $48 million. The buyout funds invest in later-stage, established businesses and no buyout fund has a concentration in a particular sector.

        Recurring Fair Value Measurements.    For financial investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period, the unrealized gains or losses (that are deemed to be temporary) are recognized, net of tax effect, through shareholders' equity, as a component of other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses and charges for other-than-temporary impairments are included in determining net income, with related purchase costs based upon specific identification.

        In the past, the Company invested excess cash in auction rate securities. Auction rate securities are investment securities that have interest rates which are reset every 7, 28 or 35 days. The fair values of the auction rate securities held by the Company have been estimated, on a recurring basis, using a discounted cash flow model (Level 3 input). The significant inputs in the discounted cash flow model used to value the auction rate securities include: expected maturity of auction rate securities, discount rate used to determine the present value of expected cash flows and assumptions for credit defaults, since the auction rate securities are backed by credit default swap agreements.

        There were no changes in the fair value of Level 3 financial investments for the year ended December 31, 2013 or 2012.

        During 2011, the Company sold 1,974,000 shares of its investment in TriMas common stock for cash of $43 million; at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company did not own any shares of TriMas common stock.

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E. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)

        Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements.    It is not practicable for the Company to estimate a fair value for private equity funds and other private investments because there are no quoted market prices, and sufficient information is not readily available for the Company to utilize a valuation model to determine the fair value for each fund. These investments are evaluated, on a non-recurring basis, for potential other-than-temporary impairment when impairment indicators are present, or when an event or change in circumstances has occurred, that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment.

        Impairment indicators the Company considers include the following: whether there has been a significant deterioration in earnings performance, asset quality or business prospects; a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic or technological environment; a significant adverse change in the general market condition or geographic area in which the investment operates; industry and sector performance; current equity and credit market conditions; and any bona fide offers to purchase the investment for less than the carrying value. The Company also considers specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of and business outlook for the fund, including industry and sector performance. The significant assumptions utilized in analyzing a fund for potential other-than-temporary impairment include current economic conditions, market analysis for specific funds and performance indicators in the residential and commercial construction, bio-technology, health care and information technology sectors in which the applicable funds' investments operate. Since there is no active trading market for these investments, they are for the most part illiquid. These investments, by their nature, can also have a relatively higher degree of business risk, including financial leverage, than other financial investments. Future changes in market conditions, the future performance of the underlying investments or new information provided by private equity fund managers could affect the recorded values of such investments and the amounts realized upon liquidation. Due to the significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurements used to evaluate impairment are a Level 3 input.

        During 2013, there were no financial investments measured on a non-recurring basis. None of the Company's investments in private equity funds, for which fair value was determined, had unrealized losses in 2013 or 2012.

        During 2012, the Company recognized a $2 million loss related to private equity funds (financial investments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis) using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The remaining private equity investments in 2012 with an aggregate carrying value of $67 million, were not reviewed for impairment, as there were no indicators of impairment or identified events or changes in circumstances that would have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment.

        The Company did not have any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 financial assets in 2013 or 2012.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

E. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS AND LIABILITIES (Concluded)

        Realized Gains (Losses) and Impairment Charges.    Income from financial investments, net, included in other, net, within other income (expense), net, and impairment charges for financial investments were as follows, in millions:

 
  2013   2012   2011  

Realized gains from marketable securities

  $   $   $ 41  

Realized gains from private equity funds

    11     24     32  

Impairment of private equity funds

        (2 )    
               

Income from financial investments, net

  $ 11   $ 22   $ 73  
               
               

        The impairment charges related to the Company's financial investments recognized during 2012 were based upon then-current estimates for the fair value of certain financial investments; such estimates could change in the near-term based upon future events and circumstances.

        The fair value of the Company's short-term and long-term fixed-rate debt instruments is based principally upon modeled market prices for the same or similar issues or the current rates available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. The aggregate estimated market value of short-term and long-term debt at December 31, 2013 was approximately $3.7 billion, compared with the aggregate carrying value of $3.4 billion. The aggregate estimated market value of short-term and long-term debt at December 31, 2012 was approximately $4.0 billion, compared with the aggregate carrying value of $3.6 billion.

F. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

        The Company is exposed to global market risk as part of its normal daily business activities. To manage these risks, the Company enters into various derivative contracts. These contracts include interest rate swap agreements, foreign currency exchange contracts and contracts intended to hedge the Company's exposure to copper and zinc. The Company reviews its hedging program, derivative positions and overall risk management on a regular basis.

        Interest Rate Swap Agreements.    In March 2012, in connection with the issuance of $400 million of debt, the Company terminated the interest rate swap hedge relationships that it had entered into in August 2011. These interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and effectively fixed interest rates on the forecasted debt issuance to variable rates based on 3-month LIBOR. Upon termination, the ineffective portion of the cash flow hedges of approximately $2 million loss was recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of operations in other, net. The remaining loss of approximately $23 million from the termination of these swaps is being amortized as an increase to interest expense over the remaining term of the debt, through March 2022. At December 31, 2013, the balance remaining in accumulated other comprehensive income was $19 million. In 2013, the Company recognized an increase in interest expense of $2 million related to the annual amortization of the March 2012 terminated interest rate swap.

        In 2012, the Company recognized a decrease in interest expense of $6 million, offset by interest expense of $2 million related to the cash flow hedge terminated in March 2012. In 2011, the Company

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F. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

recognized a decrease in interest expense of $10 million related to the amortization of gains resulting from the terminations (in 2008 and 2004) of two fair value interest rate swap agreements.

        Foreign Currency Contracts.    The Company's net cash inflows and outflows exposed to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates arise from the sale of products in countries other than the manufacturing source, foreign currency denominated supplier payments, debt and other payables, and investments in subsidiaries. To mitigate this risk during 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company, including certain European operations, entered into foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency exchange contracts.

        Gains (losses) related to foreign currency forward and exchange contracts are recorded in the Company's consolidated statements of operations in other income (expense), net. In the event that the counterparties fail to meet the terms of the foreign currency forward contracts, the Company's exposure is limited to the aggregate foreign currency rate differential with such institutions.

        Metals Contracts.    During 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company entered into several contracts to manage its exposure to increases in the price of copper and zinc. Gains (losses) related to these contracts are recorded in the Company's consolidated statements of operations in cost of sales.

        The pre-tax gains (losses) included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations are as follows, in millions:

 
  Twelve Months Ended December 31,  
 
  2013   2012   2011  

Foreign Currency Contracts

                   

Exchange Contracts

  $ 2   $ (2 ) $ 3  

Forward Contracts

    1         3  

Metals Contracts

   
(7

)
 
2
   
(7

)
               

Total gains (losses)

  $ (4 ) $   $ (1 )
               
               

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

F. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Concluded)

        The Company presents its net derivatives due to the right of offset by its counterparties under master netting arrangements in current assets or accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The notional amounts being hedged and the fair value of those derivative instruments, on a gross basis, is as follows, in millions:

 
  At December 31, 2013  
 
  Notional
Amount
  Assets   Liabilities  

Foreign Currency Contracts

                   

Exchange Contracts

  $ 53              

Current liabilities

        $   $ 2  

Forward Contracts

    88              

Current liabilities

              1  

Metals Contracts

   
48
             

Current liabilities

              2