Table of Contents

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

 

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018

 

or

 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from __________   to __________

 

Commission File Number 001-10647

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Massachusetts		04-2795294
(State or other jurisdiction		(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)

 

22 East Broadway

Gardner, Massachusetts 01440

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

(978) 630-1800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $0.01 par value

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes  ☐ No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

 

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

 

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on December 29, 2017 was approximately $2,406,427 based on a total of 5,869,334 shares of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates on December 29, 2017, at the closing price of $0.41 per share as reported on the OTCQB market on December 29, 2017.

 

The number of shares of outstanding common stock of the registrant as of September 15, 2018 was 10,297,139.

 

Documents incorporated by reference:  None

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

FORM 10-K

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

			PAGE
PART I
	Item 1.	Business	1
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	6
	Item 2.	Properties	12
	Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	12
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures (Not applicable.)	12
PART II
	Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	12
	Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	14
	Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14
	Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	19
	Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	19
	Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	20
	Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	20
	Item 9B.	Other Information	21
PART III
	Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	22
	Item 11.	Executive Compensation	26
	Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	28
	Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	32
	Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	34
PART IV
	Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	35
	Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	36
		Signatures	37

 

 

 

 

 

PART I

 

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements as defined under the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding our financial performance, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations and any other future events are forward-looking statements and based on our beliefs and assumptions. Words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “might,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” and other similar words are one way to identify such forward-looking statements. Actual results could vary materially from these forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect our current view with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions including, without limitation, those risks and uncertainties contained in the Risk Factors section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings made with the SEC. Although we believe that our expectations are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Based upon changing conditions, any one or more of these events described herein as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected or intended may not occur. All prior and subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to our Company or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. We do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law.

 

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS.

 

Overview

 

We have been developing and manufacturing advanced optical instruments since 1982. Today, the majority of our business is the design and manufacture of high-quality medical devices and approximately 17% of our revenue in fiscal year 2018 is from the design and manufacture of military and industrial products. Our medical instrumentation line includes traditional endoscopes and endocouplers as well as other custom imaging and illumination products for use in minimally invasive surgical procedures. Much of our recent development efforts have been targeted at the development of next generation endoscopes. Over the last ten years, we have funded internal research and development programs to develop next generation capabilities for designing and manufacturing 3D endoscopes and very small Microprecision™ lenses, anticipating future requirements as the surgical community continues to demand smaller and more enhanced imaging systems for minimally invasive surgery. Our unique proprietary technology in these areas, combined with recent developments in the areas of 3D displays and millimeter sized CMOS image sensors, has allowed us to begin commercialization of these technologies. Thus, over 30% of our revenues in each of the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018 were derived from engineering and design services we performed for our customers to incorporate our technologies and capabilities into their medical device products. We believe that new products based on these technologies provide enhanced imaging for existing surgical procedures which help to enable development of many new medical device products and related medical procedures. Over 50% of our total revenues in fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018 were derived from the assembly and manufacture of endoscopic medical devises, sub-assemblies and optical components ordered by our customers and usually developed from the engineering and design services we perform for them. We expect sales revenue increases to come from the orders from our customers to manufacture the products we help them engineer and design.

 

History

 

We incorporated in Massachusetts in December 1982 and have been publicly-owned since November 1990. References to our Company contained herein include our two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Precise Medical, Inc. and Wood’s Precision Optics Corporation, Limited, except where the context otherwise requires. Our website is www.poci.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute part of this report.

 

Principal Products and Services

 

Our Current Core Business: Since 1982, we have manufactured medical products such as endoscopes and endocouplers. We have developed and sold endoscopes incorporating various optical technologies including our proprietary Lenslock™ technology, for use in a variety of minimally invasive surgical and diagnostic procedures. Today, we produce endoscopes for various applications, which are CE marked and therefore certified for sale throughout the European Economic Area. Since 1985, we have developed, manufactured and sold a proprietary product line of endocouplers. We also design and manufacture custom optical medical devices to satisfy our customers’ specific requirements. In addition to medical devices, we also manufacture and sell components and assemblies specially designed for industrial and military use.

 

 

 

 

Microprecision™ Lenses and Micro Medical Cameras: While the size of endoscopes has gradually decreased over time, the widespread use of very small endoscopes, with diameters of one millimeter or smaller, has been limited, in part, we believe, by the inability of traditional lens fabrication methods to support these smaller sizes with good image quality and acceptable manufacturing costs. We believe our Microprecision™ optics technology provides a solution to this problem. Combined with recent advances by other companies in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, or CMOS, image sensor fabrication techniques, our Microprecision™ lenses and proprietary manufacturing techniques enable the manufacture of micro medical cameras at low prices and with sizes on the order of one millimeter or less, characteristics that make them well suited to medical applications.

  

In June 2015, we announced a partnership with OmniVision Technologies, Inc., and Fujikura, Ltd., in which we jointly developed a CMOS based camera module with a diameter of 1.6 mm and 400 x 400 pixel resolution, representing superior image quality for camera modules of its size. In June 2017 OmniVision Technologies, Inc. announced our collaboration with them in the development of an even smaller, high-quality optical solution based on a newly developed OmniVision image sensor integrated with our Microprecsion™ lenses. This solution enables even smaller diameter endoscopes for use in medical procedures.

 

We are currently engaged in development projects with numerous customers to design and produce even smaller CMOS based camera modules together with customized illumination using various technologies to match the needs of the medical device endoscopes. We are also currently designing disposable versions of our camera modules and assemblies designed for single-use and reduced risk of contamination from repeated use. We believe these on-going improvements are significant to the continued evolution and acceptance of our Microprecision™ technology platform. 

 

We have been engaged by various customers for an increasing amount of development work relating to the design of endoscopes and camera assemblies that utilize our Microprecision™ technology. We have now received two production orders exceeding $1 each from two customers for their custom designed products, and we believe in the future we will receive follow-on orders from these customers as well as production orders from other customers currently in our engineering and design pipeline.

 

3D Endoscopes: Our 3D endoscopes provide next generation optical imaging for minimally invasive surgical procedures that utilize hand-held rigid endoscopes by using the brain’s natural ability to perceive depth, which is the third dimension, by viewing one’s environment through two eyes. Utilizing our proprietary technology to provide independent images to right and left eyes, surgeons can view the operative field with 3D perception.

 

Competition and Markets

 

We sell our products in a highly competitive market and we compete for business with both foreign and domestic manufacturers. Many of our current competitors are larger than us and have substantially greater resources than we do. In addition, there is an ongoing risk that other domestic or foreign companies who do not currently service or manufacture products for our target markets, some with greater experience in the optics industry and greater financial resources than we have, may seek to produce products or services that compete directly with ours.

 

While our resources are substantially more limited than those of some of our competitors, we believe that we can compete successfully in this market on the basis of product quality, price, delivery and innovation. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to maintain a technological advantage over our competitors. To this end, we intend to continue to aggressively support and augment our internal engineering, research and development resources and to aggressively pursue patent protection for existing and new technology. We believe that our unique technical capabilities in the areas of Microprecision™ optics, micro medical cameras and illumination, as well as 3D endoscopes currently represent competitive advantages for us in the minimally invasive surgical device market.

 

 

 

 

Market Opportunities

 

Microprecision™ Lenses and Micro Medical Cameras: While other approaches exist for the manufacture of camera lenses, we design custom camera module assemblies with the combined objectives of low cost, small size, range of optical specifications and high image quality desired by our customer’s device specifications. By enabling the production of millimeter sized and smaller cameras with low manufacturing costs, we believe our Microprecision™ technology opens the possibility to replace existing re-sterilizable endoscopes with a single-use alternative. Also, the small size of our Microprecision™ lenses and micro medical cameras combined with our proprietary illumination techniques can provide visualization for existing procedures that are currently performed blind or with sub-optimal imaging, and we believe can facilitate the development of new surgical procedures that are currently impractical without sub-millimeter visualization instrumentation.

 

3D Endoscopes and Robotic Surgery Systems: 3D endoscopes have been used for many years as part of robotic surgery systems partly because the market price of robotic surgery systems is high enough to support the cost of a high quality custom 3D display. Competition amongst medical device companies, many of which are our customers for other products, in the area of 3D robotic surgery systems is increasing, and various companies are now pursuing less expensive, procedure specific robotic systems. We believe our experience and expertise in 3D endoscopes for medical applications could be a benefit to various companies in this area that could provide us with new product development and manufacturing opportunities.

  

Sales and Marketing

 

We market our engineering design and manufacturing services relating to 3D endoscopes, Microprecision™ optical components and micro medical cameras by leveraging our existing relationships with major medical device companies – many of whom are current customers. We intend to make our existing and future technologies available to our customers for use in their current and newly developed minimally invasive surgical products and to eventually develop and market our own proprietary products, which incorporate these new technologies. In addition to direct sales channels through our existing customer relationships and referrals, we also develop new sales opportunities through our website, email mailings and attendance at market specific tradeshows.

 

International Business

 

We have had negligible direct export sales to date. However, our medical products have received the CE mark certification, which permits sales into the European Economic Area and which benefits our customers as they market their products manufactured by us or containing our sub-assemblies into markets outside the United States. In the future, we may establish or use additional production facilities overseas to produce key components for our business, such as lenses. From the 1990s through approximately 2014, we maintained a physical presence in Asia to support business and quality control activities throughout the region as needed. We continue to acquire various optical components from overseas to meet the needs of custom device designs. We believe that the availability of specialized components and cost savings from various overseas production resources is essential to our ability to deliver complex and unique device designs and to compete on a price basis in the medical products area particularly and to our profitability generally.

 

Research and Development

 

We believe that our future success depends, to a large degree, on our ability to continue to conceive and develop new optical products and technologies to enhance the performance characteristics and methods of manufacture of existing and new products. Although development work on behalf of customers is almost entirely performed under revenue generating contracts and customer purchase orders, research and development expenses are incurred on our own proprietary products and technology, such as Microprecision™ optics, micro medical cameras and 3D endoscopes. Accordingly, we treat engineering expenses not consumed in customer contracted development and our investment of funds and resources in internal product and intellectual property development as research and development expense in the accompanying statement of operations. For the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, research and development expenses were $456,377 and $464,162, respectively.

 

 

 

 

Raw Materials and Principal Suppliers

 

A key raw material component for our products is precision grade optical glass, which we obtain from a few suppliers, principally SCHOTT North America, Inc. and Ohara Corporation.

  

We obtain CMOS sensors used in our development of endoscope products for our customers from various suppliers including OmniVision Technologies, Inc., and AWAIBA Lda. We believe that while the number of sources of supply is limited for the CMOS sensors with the specifications used in medical device endoscopes we develop, the manufacturing capacities of those suppliers is adequate to meet our demand in the next twelve months. Likewise, a limited number of suppliers provide CMOS electronic cabling services for the smallest sensors, such as FujiKura, Ltd. and NET USA, Inc., and High Speed Interconnects. However, we believe our demand for these services is relatively small compared to these companies’ and others’ capacities for CMOS sensor electronic cabling services.

 

Patents and Trademarks

 

We rely, in part, upon patents, trade secrets and proprietary knowledge as well as personnel policies and employee confidentiality agreements concerning inventions and other creative efforts to develop and maintain our competitive position. We plan to file for patents, copyrights and trademarks in the United States and in other appropriate countries to protect our intellectual property rights to the greatest extent practicable. We currently hold rights to various United States patents, and have patent applications pending, including applications for our new generation of micro medical cameras and 3D endoscopes. Our current patent portfolio includes patents, rights to patents and patent applications that cover various aspects of our technology in the following areas:

 

	—	Medical devices;
	—	3-D endoscopes;
	—	Microprecision™ lenses and micro medical cameras;
	—	Military products.

  

The patents contained in our current patent portfolio have various expiration dates through May 2036. We are not aware of any infringements of these patents. While we believe that our pending applications relate to patentable devices or concepts, these patents may not ultimately be issued and we may not be able to successfully defend these patents or effectively limit the development of competitive products and services.

 

In July 2011, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc., in which we received $2.5 million in connection with the sale of certain intellectual property. Pursuant to the agreement, we agreed to assign to Intuitive Surgical all of the issued and non-expired patents and pending patent applications that we held on the date of the agreement, and in return, Intuitive Surgical agreed to grant to us a royalty-free, worldwide license to these patents in fields outside of medical robotics.

 

We intend to continue to innovate and extend our technological capabilities in the areas of 3-D endoscopy Microprecision™ optics, micro medical cameras, and related illumination techniques, and to aggressively pursue patent protection for such developments.

 

Employees

 

As of June 30, 2018, we had 30 employees, 26 of which were full-time employees. There were 20 employees in manufacturing, 6 in engineering/research and development and 4 in finance and administration. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements. We believe our relations with our employees are very good.

 

 

 

 

Customers

 

Revenues from our largest customers, as a percentage of total revenues, for fiscal years 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

 

		2018				2017
Customer A			16				5
Customer B			14				10
Customer C			8				10
Customer D			4				11
All Others			58				64
			100	%			100	%

 

No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues in fiscal years 2018 and 2017. At June 30, 2018, our four largest customer account receivable balances were 22%, 16%, 13%, and 13%, respectively, of total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2017, our five largest account receivable balances were 16%, 15%, 12%, 12%, and 11% of the total accounts receivable. No other accounts accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable at June 30, 2018 or 2017.

 

Environmental Matters

 

Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relative to the protection of the environment. From time to time, we use a small amount of hazardous materials in our operations. We believe that we currently comply with all applicable environmental laws and regulations and intend to do our best efforts to remain in compliance.

  

Government Regulations

 

Domestic Regulation. We currently develop, manufacture and sell several medical products, the marketing of which is subject to governmental regulation in the United States. Medical devices are regulated in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and, in some cases, by certain state agencies. The FDA regulates the research, testing, manufacture, safety, effectiveness, labeling, promotion and distribution of medical devices in the United States. Generally, medical devices require clearance or approval prior to commercial distribution. Additionally, certain material changes to, and changes in, intended uses of, medical devices are also subject to FDA review and clearance or approval. Non-compliance with applicable requirements can result in failure of the FDA to grant pre-market clearance or approval, withdrawal or suspension of approval, suspension of production, or the imposition of various other penalties.

  

We previously notified the FDA of our intent to market our endoscopes, image couplers, beamsplitters, adapters and video ophthalmoscopes, and the FDA has determined that we may market such devices, subject to the general control provisions of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. We obtained this FDA permission without the need to undergo a lengthy and expensive approval process due to the FDA’s determination that such devices met the regulatory standard of being substantially equivalent to existing FDA-approved devices.

 

In the future, we plan to market additional medical devices that may require the FDA’s permission to market such products. We may also develop additional products or seek to sell some of our current or future medical products in a manner that requires us to obtain the permission of the FDA to market such products, as well as the regulatory approval or license of other federal, state and local agencies or similar agencies in other countries. The FDA has authority to conduct detailed inspections of manufacturing plants in order to assure that “good manufacturing practices” are being followed in the manufacture of medical devices, to require periodic reporting of product defects to the FDA and to prohibit the sale of devices, which do not comply with law.

 

 

 

 

Foreign Requirements. Sales of medical device products outside the United States are subject to foreign regulatory requirements that may vary from country to country. Our failure to comply with foreign regulatory requirements would jeopardize our ability to market and sell our products in foreign jurisdictions. The regulatory environment in the European Union member countries of the European Economic Area for medical device products differs from that in the United States. Medical devices sold in the European Economic Area must bear the Conformité Européenne, or CE mark. Devices are classified by manufacturers according to the risks they represent, with a classification of Class III representing the highest risk devices and Class I representing the lowest risk devices. Once a device has been classified, the manufacturer can follow one of a series of conformity assessment routes, typically through a registered quality system, and demonstrate compliance to a “European Notified Body.” The CE mark may then be applied to the device. Maintenance of the system is ensured through annual on-site audits by the notified body and a post-market surveillance system requiring the manufacturer to submit serious complaints to the appropriate governmental authority. All of our medical products are manufactured in conformity with the CE mark requirements.

 

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS.

 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

 

In addition to the other information set forth in this annual report, you should carefully consider the following factors, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our Company. The following information should be read together and in conjunction with “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1. Business,” “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods. 

 

As of June 30, 2018 and September 17, 2018, we may have to pursue additional funding for our operations if we do not maintain adequate sales revenues.

 

For the year ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $100,657, and our net loss for the year was $351,390. As of June 30, 2018, we had $402,738 in cash and cash equivalents, $769,923 of accounts receivable and $1,932,844 of current liabilities, including $857,842 of customer advances paid against open purchase orders from our customers. If we do not maintain adequate sales revenue, we may not have sufficient cash to continue operations without obtaining additional funding for operations. We may have to pursue several options to manage cash flow and raise capital including issuing debt, equity or entering into a strategic alliance. The sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities would result in additional dilution to our stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that could restrict our operations or finances. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms or achieve positive cash flow, we may not be able to continue to conduct operations, develop new products, grow market share, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements, any of which would negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

  

We have a history of losses, we may continue to incur losses and we may never achieve profitability; and we may need to raise additional funds.

 

 

 

 

During the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we incurred net losses of $351,390 and $1,006,457, respectively. Our accumulated deficit at June 30, 2018 amounted to $45,022,122. We had working capital of $481,876 and $479,604 as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities amounted to $100,657. We may continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve sustained profitability. We must generate sufficient cash flow or raise additional capital to pursue our product development initiatives, penetrate markets for the sale of our products and continue to conduct operations. We cannot provide any assurance that we will raise additional capital. We believe that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, strategic alliances, or other means. We may not raise enough capital to meet our needs and we may have to raise additional capital in the future. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in our efforts to further commercialize our products and complete development projects and manufacturing services for our customers, which are critical to the realization of our business plan and to our future operations.

 

We rely on a small number of customers who may not consistently purchase our products in the future and if we lose any one of these customers, our revenues may decline.

 

In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, our two largest customers represented approximately 16%, and 14%, respectively, of our total revenues. In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017, our three largest customers represented approximately 11%, 10%, and 10%, respectively, of our total revenues. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues during those periods. At June 30, 2018, our four largest customer account receivable balances were 22%, 16%, 13%, and 13%, respectively, of total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2017, our five largest account receivable balances were 16%, 15%, 12%, 12%, and 11%, respectively, of the total accounts receivable.

 

In the future, a small number of customers may continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in any given period. These customers may not consistently purchase our products at a particular rate over any subsequent period. A loss of any of these customers could adversely affect our revenues.

 

We could suffer unrecoverable losses on our customers’ accounts receivable, which would adversely affect our financial results.

 

At June 30, 2018, our four largest customer account receivable balances were 22%, 16%, 13%, and 13%, respectively, of total accounts receivable. While we believe we have a varied customer base and have experienced strong collections in the past, we may experience changes in our customer base, including reductions in purchasing commitments, which could also have a material adverse effect on our revenues and liquidity. Additionally, our customers could become unable or unwilling to pay amounts owed to us. During fiscal 2018, we recorded a $227,500 reserve against accounts receivable amounts owed to us by one customer that has not been able to pay us for design services we provided. We have not purchased insurance on our accounts receivable balances. Large uncollectible accounts receivable balances could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

 

We rely heavily upon the talents of our Chief Executive Officer, the loss of whom could damage our business.

 

Our performance depends, to a large extent, on a small number of key scientific, technical, managerial and marketing personnel. In particular, we believe our success is highly dependent upon the services and reputation of our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Joseph N. Forkey. The loss of Dr. Forkey’s services could damage our business. Dr. Forkey provides highly valuable contributions to our capabilities in optical instrument development, in management of new technology and in potentially significant longer-term Company initiatives.

 

 

 

 

We must continue to be able to attract employees with the scientific and technical skills that our business requires and if we are unable to attract and retain such individuals, our business could be severely damaged.

 

Our ability to attract employees with a high degree of scientific and technical talent is crucial to the success of our business. There is intense competition for the services of such persons and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to attract and retain individuals possessing the necessary qualifications. If we cannot attract such individuals, we may not be able to perform the necessary design services for our customers or produce our products causing damage to our business or an inability to meet customer demand or increase revenues.

  

We are subject to a high degree of regulatory oversight and, if we do not continue to receive the necessary regulatory approvals, our revenues may decline.

 

The FDA has granted us clearance to manufacture and market the medical products we currently sell in the United States. However, prior FDA approval may be required before we can market additional medical products that we may develop in the future. We may also seek to sell current or future medical products in a manner that requires us to obtain FDA permission to market such products. We may also require the regulatory approval or license of other federal, state or local agencies or comparable agencies in other countries.

 

We may lose the FDA’s permission to manufacture and market our current products or may not obtain the necessary regulatory permission, approvals or licenses for the manufacturing or marketing of any of our future products. Also, we cannot predict the impact on our business of FDA regulations or determinations arising from future legislation or administrative action. If we lose the FDA’s permission to manufacture and market our current products or we do not obtain regulatory permission to manufacture and market our future products, our revenues may decline and our business may be harmed.

 

We face risks inherent in product development and production under fixed-price purchase orders and these purchase orders may not be profitable over time.

 

A portion of our business has been devoted to research, development and production under fixed-price purchase orders. For our purposes, a fixed-price purchase order is any purchase order under which we will provide products or services for a fixed-price over an extended period of time, usually six months or longer. Fixed-price purchase orders represented approximately 25% to 50% of our total revenues during the last several years. We expect that revenues from fixed-price purchase orders will continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in future fiscal years.

 

Because they involve performance over time, we cannot predict with certainty the expenses involved in meeting our obligations under fixed-price purchase orders. Therefore, we can never be sure at the time we enter into any single fixed-price purchase order that such purchase order will continue to be profitable for us throughout the fixed-price period.

 

We primarily perform engineering and manufacturing services for our customers who could decide to use another vendor for these services in the future.

 

A significant portion of our revenues are derived from engineering and manufacturing services that we perform to design and fabricate medical device products or sub-assemblies of medical device products for our customers who in turn sell the products to the end users. Our customers typically own the proprietary rights to and control commercial distribution of the final products. Therefore, in many of these cases we do not own the proprietary rights to the medical device products that we manufacture or that our sub-assemblies are made a part of. Our customers could decide to use other suppliers for these services based on cost, quality, delivery time, production capacities, competitive and regulatory considerations or other factors. Thus, revenues from our customers and the products and services we provide them are subject to significant fluctuation on a product to product basis from period to period.

 

 

 

 

Third parties may infringe on our intellectual property and, as a result, we could incur significant expense in protecting our patents or not have sufficient resources to protect them.

 

We utilize a number of licensed patents that are important to our business. In July 2011, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc., in which we received $2.5 million in connection with the sale of certain intellectual property. Pursuant to the agreement, we agreed to assign to Intuitive Surgical all of the issued and non-expired patents and pending patent applications we held at the time of the agreement and, in return, Intuitive Surgical agreed to grant to us a royalty-free, worldwide license to these patents in fields outside of medical robotics.

 

Although we are not currently aware of any past or present infringements of our patents, we plan, jointly with Intuitive Surgical, to protect these patents from infringement and obtain additional patents whenever feasible. To this end, we have obtained confidentiality agreements from our employees and consultants and others who have access to the design of our products and other proprietary information. Protecting and obtaining patents, however, is both time consuming and expensive. We therefore may not have the resources necessary to assert all potential patent infringement claims or pursue all patents that might be available to us. If our competitors or other third parties infringe on our patents, our business may be harmed.

  

Third parties may claim that we have infringed on their patents and, as a result, we could be prohibited from using all or part of any technology used in our products.

 

Should third parties claim a proprietary right to all or part of any technology that we use in our products, such a claim, regardless of its merit, could involve us in costly litigation. If successful, such a claim could also result in us being unable to freely use the technology that was the subject of the claim, or sell products embodying such technology. If we engage in litigation, our expenses may increase and our business may be harmed. If we are prohibited from using a particular technology in our products, our revenues may decline and our business may be harmed.

 

We depend on the availability of certain key supplies and services that are available from only a few sources and if we experience difficulty with a supplier, we may have difficulty finding alternative sources of these supplies or services.

 

We require certain key supplies to develop and manufacture our products, particularly our precision grade optical glass, which is available from only a few sources, each of which is located outside of the United States. Additionally, we rely on outside vendors to grind and polish certain of our lenses and other optical components, such as prisms and windows. We also rely on a limited number of suppliers for specialized CMOS sensors and the electronic wiring of those sensors. Based upon our ordering experience to date, we believe the materials and services required for the production of our products are currently available in sufficient quantities to meet our needs. Our requirements are small relative to the total supply, and we are not currently encountering problems with availability. However, this does not mean that we will continue to have timely access to adequate supplies of essential materials and services in the future or that supplies of these materials and services will be available on satisfactory terms when the need arises. Our business could be severely damaged if we become unable to procure these essential materials and services in adequate quantities and at acceptable prices.

 

From time to time, subcontractors may produce some of our products for us, and our business is subject to the risk that these subcontractors fail to make timely delivery. Our products and services are also used as components of the products and services of other manufacturers. We are therefore subject to the risk that manufacturers who integrate our products or services into their own products or services are unable to acquire essential supplies and services from third parties in a timely fashion. If this occurs, we may not be able to deliver our products on a timely basis and our revenues may decline.

 

 

 

 

Our customers may claim that the products we sold them were defective and if our insurance is not sufficient to cover such a claim, we would be liable for the excess.

 

Like any manufacturer, we are and always have been exposed to liability claims resulting from the use of our products. We maintain product liability insurance to cover us in the event of liability claims, and as of September 22, 2018, no such claims have been asserted or threatened against us. However, our insurance may not be sufficient to cover all possible future product liabilities.

 

We would be liable if our business operations harmed the environment and a failure to maintain compliance with environmental laws could severely damage our business.

 

Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. From time to time, we use hazardous materials in our operations. Although we believe that we are in compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations, our business could be severely damaged by any failure to maintain such compliance.

 

Our quarterly financial results vary quarter to quarter and depend on many factors. As a result, we cannot predict with a high degree of certainty our operating results in any particular fiscal quarter.

 

Our quarterly operating results may vary significantly depending upon factors such as:

 

—

the timing of completion of significant customer orders;

 

—

the timing and amount of our research and development expenditures;

 

—

the costs of initial product production in connection with new products;

 

—

the timing of new product introductions—both by us and by our competitors;

  

—

the timing and level of market acceptance of new products or enhanced versions of our existing products;

 

—

our ability to retain existing customers and customers’ continued demand for our products and services;

 

—

our customers’ inventory levels, and levels of demand for our customers’ products and services; and

 

—

competitive pricing pressures.

 

We may not be able to grow or sustain revenues or achieve or maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis and levels of revenue and/or profitability may vary from one such period to another.

 

Some of our competitors are large, well-financed companies who have research and marketing capabilities that are superior to ours.

 

The industries in which we operate are highly competitive. Many of our existing and potential competitors have greater financial resources and manufacturing capabilities, more established and larger marketing and sales organizations and larger technical staffs than we have. Other companies, some with greater experience in the optics, semiconductor or medical products industries, are seeking to produce products and services that compete with our products and services.

 

 

 

 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR STOCK

 

Trading in our common stock is limited and the price of our common stock may be subject to substantial volatility.

 

Our common stock is quoted on OTCQB, the OTC market tier for companies that report to the SEC, under the symbol PEYE. We expect our common stock to continue to be quoted on the OTCQB for the foreseeable future. Broker-dealers may decline to trade in OTCQB stocks given the market for such securities is often limited, the stocks are more volatile and the risk to investors is greater. These factors may reduce the potential market for our common stock by reducing the number of potential investors. This may make it more difficult for investors in our common stock to sell shares to third parties or to otherwise dispose of their shares. This could cause our stock price to decline. 

 

Additionally, the price of our common stock may be volatile as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

—

our ability to successfully conceive and to develop new products and services to enhance the performance characteristics and methods of manufacture of existing products;

 

—

our ability to retain existing customers and customers’ continued demand for our products and services;

 

—

the timing of our research and development expenditures and of new product introductions;

 

—

the timing and level of acceptance of new products or enhanced versions of our existing products; and

 

—

price and volume fluctuations in the stock market at large which do not relate to our operating performance.

 

“Penny stock” rules may make buying or selling our securities difficult which may make our stock less liquid and make it harder for investors to buy and sell our securities.

 

Trading in our securities is subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rule and we anticipate that trading in our securities will continue to be subject to the penny stock rules for the foreseeable future. The SEC has adopted regulations that generally define a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. These rules require that any broker-dealer who recommends our securities to persons other than prior customers and accredited investors must, prior to the sale, make a special written suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to execute the transaction. Unless an exception is available, the regulations require the delivery, prior to any transaction involving a penny stock, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated with trading in the penny stock market. In addition, broker-dealers must disclose commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities they offer. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by these requirements may discourage broker-dealers from recommending transactions in our securities, which could severely limit the liquidity of our securities and consequently adversely affect the market price for our securities.

 

 

 

  

We are contractually obligated to issue shares in the future, diluting your interest in us.

 

As of June 30, 2018, there were 1,055,700 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding, at a weighted average exercise price of $0.76 per share. As of June 30, 2018, a total of 789,898 shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan. In August 2018 the Board of Directors authorized compensation agreements with our Chief Executive Officer including the issuance of 300,000 common shares and granting of stock options to purchase 350,000 shares of our common stock at $0.73 per share subject to vesting conditions, and with our Chief Financial Officer including the granting of stock options to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock at $0.70 per share subject to vesting conditions. Moreover, we expect to issue additional shares and options to purchase shares of our common stock to compensate employees, consultants and directors, and we may issue additional shares to raise capital. Any such issuances will have the effect of further diluting the interest of the holders of our securities.

  

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES.

 

We conduct our domestic operations at three facilities in Gardner, Massachusetts. The main Gardner facility is leased from a corporation owned by Mr. Richard E. Forkey, who resigned from our board of directors on July 9, 2014. We are currently a tenant-at-will, paying rent of $9,000 per month. We rent two other smaller Gardner facilities on a month-to-month basis.

 

We believe these facilities are adequate for our current operations and are adequately covered by insurance. Significant increases in production or the addition of significant equipment additions or manufacturing capabilities in connection with the production of our line of endoscopes and other products may, however, require improvements to existing facilities or the acquisition or lease of additional facilities. We may establish production facilities domestically or overseas to produce key assemblies or components, such as lenses, for our products. Overseas facilities may subject us to the political and economic risks associated with overseas operations. The loss of or inability to establish or maintain such additional domestic or overseas facilities could materially adversely affect our competitive position and profitability.

 

ITEM 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

  

Our Company, on occasion, may also be involved in other legal matters arising in the ordinary course of our business. While management believes that such matters are currently insignificant, matters arising in the ordinary course of business for which we are or could become involved in litigation may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against us or our officers and directors in their capacity as such that could have a material impact on our operations or finances.

 

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

 

Not applicable. 

  

PART II

 

ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is quoted on OTCQB, the OTC market tier for companies that report to the SEC, under the symbol PEYE. The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices for our common stock for each quarter during the last two fiscal years and the first quarter of the current fiscal year as quoted on OTCQB. Such OTC market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail markup, markdown or commissions and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

 

 

 

 

		High				Low
For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2017
First Quarter ended September 30, 2016		$	0.70			$	0.48
Second Quarter ended December 31, 2016		$	0.70			$	0.46
Third Quarter ended March 31, 2017		$	0.60			$	0.40
Fourth Quarter ended June 30, 2017		$	0.65			$	0.40

 

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2018
First Quarter ended September 30, 2017		$	0.60			$	0.40
Second Quarter ended December 31, 2017		$	0.64			$	0.40
Third Quarter ended March 31, 2018		$	0.55			$	0.41
Fourth Quarter ended June 30, 2018		$	0.55			$	0.48

 

Holders

 

As of September 26, 2018, we had approximately 73 holders of record of our common stock. Holders of record include nominees who may hold shares on behalf of multiple owners.

 

Dividends

 

We have not declared any dividends during the last two fiscal years. At present, we intend to retain our earnings, if any, to finance research and development and the expansion of our business.

 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

 

We issued 102,000 shares on May 29, 2018 to one of our consultants in return for past services. On the date of issuance the shares were valued at $0.50 per share or $51,000, Other than the 102,000 shares and as previously disclosed in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K, we did not issue any additional shares of our common stock since March 31, 2018.

 

We relied on the Section 4(a)(2) exemption from securities registration under the federal securities laws for transactions not involving any public offering. No advertising or general solicitation was employed in offering the securities. The securities were issued to an accredited investor. The securities were offered for investment purposes only and not for the purpose of resale or distribution. The transfer thereof was appropriately restricted by us.

 

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

 

The following table summarizes information about our equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2018.

 

Plan category		Number of  securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights				Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights				Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders			122,598			$	0.57				–
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders			933,102			$	0.79				789,898
Total			1,055,700			$	0.76				789,898

  

 

 

 

2006 Equity Incentive Plan

 

On November 28, 2006, our stockholders approved the Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the 2006 Plan, which succeeded the Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. Amended and Restated 1997 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the 1997 Plan. No further awards have been or will be granted under the 1997 Plan. The 2006 Plan allowed for the granting of stock options to selected employees, directors and other persons who provide services to us or our affiliates. No further awards will be granted under the 2006 Plan.

 

2011 Equity Incentive Plan

 

The Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the 2011 Plan, was adopted by our Board of Directors on October 13, 2011. The 2011 Plan allows for the granting of stock options to selected employees, directors and other persons who provide services to us or our affiliates.

 

On April 16, 2015, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan which increased the maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be awarded under the Plan from 325,000 to 1,825,000, an increase of 1,500,000 shares. In connection therewith, on April 20, 2015, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the 1,500,000 shares of common stock.

 

ITEM 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

 

As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

 

ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and Notes thereto, and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains descriptions of our expectations regarding future trends affecting our business. The following discussion sets forth certain factors we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements.

 

Overview

 

We have been a developer and manufacturer of advanced optical instruments since 1982. Today, the vast majority of our business is the design and manufacture of high-quality medical devices and approximately 17% of our business in fiscal year 2018 is the design and manufacture of military and industrial products. Our medical instrumentation line includes traditional endoscopes and endocouplers as well as other custom imaging and illumination products for use in minimally invasive surgical procedures. Much of our recent development efforts have been targeted at the development of next generation endoscopes. For the last ten years, we have funded internal research and development programs to develop next generation capabilities for designing and manufacturing 3D endoscopes and very small Microprecision™ lenses, anticipating future requirements as the surgical community continues to demand smaller and more enhanced imaging systems for minimally invasive surgery. 

  

Our unique proprietary technology in the areas of micro optical lenses and prisms, micro medical fiber and CMOS based cameras, and custom design of medical grade instruments, combined with recent developments in the areas of 3D displays and proprietary illumination techniques, has allowed us to begin commercialization of related product and service offerings to a widening group of customers addressing various medical device, defense and aerospace applications. We believe that new products based on these technologies provide enhanced optical and imaging qualities for many uses including existing surgical procedures and development of new procedures enabled by the small size and image quality of our camera modules.

 

 

 

 

We are registered to the ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 13485:2016 Quality Standards and comply with the FDA Good Manufacturing Practices and the European Union Medical Device Directive for CE marking of our medical products. Our internet website is www.poci.com.

 

The markets in which we do business are highly competitive and include both foreign and domestic competitors. Many of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we do. Furthermore, other domestic or foreign companies, some with greater financial resources than we have, may seek to produce products or services that compete with ours. We routinely outsource specialized production efforts as required to obtain the most cost effective production. Over the years, we have achieved extensive experience collaborating with other optical specialists worldwide and from the 1990s to 2014, we maintained a physical presence in Asia, specifically Hong Kong, to support business and quality control activities throughout the region as needed.

 

We believe that competition for sales of our medical products and services, which have been principally sold to original equipment manufacturers, or OEM, customers, is based on our ability to design and produce technical features, performance, engineering service and production scheduling, on-time delivery, quality control and product reliability, and competitive pricing.

 

We believe that our future success depends, to a large degree, on our ability to develop new optical products and services to enhance the performance characteristics and methods of manufacture of existing products. Accordingly, we expect to continue to seek and obtain product-related design and development contracts with customers and to selectively invest our own funds on research and development, particularly in the areas of Microprecision™ optics, micro medical cameras, illumination, and 3D endoscopes.

 

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, approximately 66% of our sales were made to eight customers. Of these, four are large, international, medical device or defense contracting companies who have been our customers for many years. Two of these customers continue to purchase products that we developed over five years ago, and the other two are purchasing products that were developed and launched into production by us more recently. The other four top customers have engaged our engineering services or purchase products that we developed in recent years. Seven of these eight customers’ revenues are for projects which rely heavily on our unique, proprietary Microprecision™ lens technology and optical visualization system expertise.

 

Current sales and marketing activities are intended to broaden awareness of the benefits of our new technology platforms, which we believe are ready for general application to medical device projects requiring surgery-grade visualization from sub-millimeter sized devices and 3D endoscopy. We market directly to established medical device companies primarily in the United States that we believe could benefit from our advanced endoscopy visualization systems. Through this direct marketing, referrals, attendance at trade shows and a presence in online professional association websites, we have expanded our on-going pipeline of projects to significant medical device companies as well as well-funded emerging technology companies. We expect our customer pipeline to continue to expand as development projects transition to production orders and new customer projects enter the development phase.

 

We continue to attend trade shows to announce our new technology, most recently at the Medical Design and Manufacturing West show in Anaheim in February 2018, and at the MD&M East show in June 2018 in New York City. Beginning in fiscal year 2014 and from time to time, we have advertised through, and received numerous leads from a business-to-business e-commerce platform. Because of the increased awareness of our new technology generated by our presence at trade shows, advertising online from time to time and direct email messages to our own customer database that we have built over the last 30 years, we continue to maintain a robust pipeline of relevant and high potential requests from potential customers for project quotations through fiscal 2018. We do not intend for the information on either the Photonics Online or any other websites to be incorporated into this report.

 

 

 

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Our critical accounting policies are included in the Notes to our Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Results of Operations for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2018 as Compared to the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2017

 

Total revenues for fiscal year 2018 were $4,038,048, an increase of $883,501, or 28.0%, from revenues for fiscal year 2017 of $3,154,547. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 revenues increased in the production category by 54.8% and decreased in the engineering services category by 6.7%. Production revenues increased primarily due to the addition of a defense industry optical sub-assembly, an increase in sales to a long-standing customer for a traditional fiber scope, and sales relating to two engineering projects converted to production during fiscal year 2018. The 6.7% decline in engineering revenues during the fiscal year 2018 is considered to be the result of normal engineering project fluctuations. Engineering revenues in fiscal year 2018 are represented by decreased revenues from certain customers as development projects transition through phases or into production, as well as increased revenues to certain other customers for new or advancing development projects. The number of engineering projects we worked on in fiscal year 2018 was similar to the number of engineering projects worked on in fiscal year 2017. The engineering projects range in type including CMOS, Microprecision™, 3D and robotic visualization and illumination systems. We believe the quality of the engineering projects continues to provide the opportunity for production purchase orders from these customers as the product advance to clinical evaluation and commercialization.

 

Revenues from our largest customers, as a percentage of total revenues, were as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2018				2017
Customer A			16				5
Customer B			14				10
Customer C			8				10
Customer D			4				11
All Others			58				64
			100	%			100	%

 

No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues in fiscal years 2018 and 2017.

 

Gross profit for fiscal year 2018 of $1,481,918, reflected an increase of $708,194, or 91.5%, as compared to gross profit for fiscal year 2017 of $773,724. Gross profit, as a percentage of revenues for fiscal year 2018, was 36.7% as compared to gross profit, as a percentage of revenues for fiscal year 2017, of 24.5%. The increase in gross margin dollars in fiscal year 2018 was due primarily to increased sales revenue compared to fiscal 2017 and increased operational efficiencies in production. The increase in gross margin percentage realized in fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017 reflects increased manufacturing efficiencies on traditional and new technology products, continued utilization of engineering resources in revenue generating projects, and greater absorption of fixed manufacturing expenses due to higher sales levels in fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017.

 

Our gross profit margins depend on a number of factors, including overall sales volume, the mix of products sold and services performed and the costs of initial production in connection with new products, technologies and manufacturing techniques. We believe that as we have gained experience in developing and manufacturing products based on the new Microprecision™ and CMOS technologies, we have become more efficient in estimating and executing engineering service contracts and manufacturing activities, causing margins to rise. As a result of the care taken to manage our custom development projects, we experienced efficient transition from engineering to production in three significant projects during the latter portion of fiscal year 2018. In each of these three projects we have successfully delivered products to our customers on time, meeting specifications and within budget. This efficient operational performance has contributed to the increased gross profit percentage in fiscal year 2018, and we believe that as overall revenues increase beyond breakeven the absorption of fixed manufacturing costs may also cause gross profit percentages to increase from their current levels.

 

 

 

 

Research and development expenses were $456,377 for fiscal year 2018 as compared to $464,162 for fiscal year 2017. The decrease of $7,785, or 1.7%, in fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017 was due primarily to the continued high utilization of our engineering resources in revenue generating activities for our customers. As a result of increases in engineering service revenue, a greater portion of our fixed engineering cost is included in cost of goods sold.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $60,682, or 4.6%, to $1,374,160 for fiscal year 2018 as compared to $1,313,478 for fiscal year 2017, resulting primarily from a $227,500 provision to bad debt expense during fiscal year 2018 relating to amounts receivable from one specific customer, offset by a reduction in consulting expense in fiscal year 2018, a $180,771 reduction in stock based compensation relating to stock options and stock issued for consulting services, and reduced wages resulting from the retirement of a sales person in January 2017 and a temporarily vacated administrative position which has since been filled. 

 

The gain on sale of assets in fiscal year 2017 of $1,515 represents the sale of previously written off assets for proceeds of $1,515.

   

The income tax provisions in fiscal years 2018 and 2017 represent the minimum statutory state income tax liability.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We have sustained recurring net losses for several years. During the year ended June 30, 2018 we incurred a net loss of $351,390 and generated cash from operating activities of $100,657. As of June 30, 2018, cash and cash equivalents were $402,738, accounts receivable were $796,923, and current liabilities were $1,932,844, including $857,842 of customer advances paid against open purchase orders from our customers. As of June 30, 2017, cash and cash equivalents were $118,405, accounts receivable were $468,548, and current liabilities were $1,218,781, including $180,137 of customer advances paid against open purchase orders from our customers.

 

We have traditionally funded working capital needs through product sales, management of working capital components of our business, cash received from public and private offerings of our common stock, warrants to purchase shares of our common stock or convertible notes, and by customer advances paid against purchase orders by our customers and recorded in the current liabilities section of the accompanying financial statements. We have incurred year to year and quarter to quarter operating losses during our efforts to develop current products including Microprecision™ optical elements, micro medical camera assemblies and 3D endoscopes. Our management believes that the opportunities represented by these products have the potential to generate sales increases to achieve breakeven and profitable results.

  

Until we achieve sustained breakeven and profitable results, we will be required to pursue several options to manage cash flow and raise capital, including issuing debt or equity or entering into a strategic alliance. The sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities, if converted into common stock, would result in additional dilution our current stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that could restrict our operations or finances and encumber our assets. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to secure additional capital, enter into a strategic alliance, raise funds on acceptable terms or achieve sustained positive cash from operations, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash, and we may not be able to continue to develop new products, grow market share, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements, any of which could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition, or impact our ability to continue to conduct operations.

 

 

 

  

Capital equipment expenditures during fiscal year 2018 and fiscal year 2017 were $4,448 and $27,719, respectively. Patent application expenditures during fiscal year 2018 and fiscal year 2017 were $17,189 and $7,212, respectively. Future capital equipment and patent expenditures will be dependent upon future sales and success of on-going research and development efforts.

 

Contractual cash commitments for the fiscal years subsequent to June 30, 2018 are summarized as follows:

 

		Fiscal 2018				Thereafter				Total
Capital lease for equipment, including interest		$	10,250			$	15,376			$	25,626

 

We have contractual cash commitments related to open purchase orders as of June 30, 2018 of approximately $822,430.

 

Material Trends and Uncertainties

 

We have sustained recurring net losses for several years. Until we achieve consistent breakeven and profitable results, we will be required to pursue several options to manage cash flow and raise capital, including issuing debt or equity or entering into a strategic alliance. If we are unable to secure additional capital, enter into a strategic alliance, raise funds on acceptable terms or achieve sustained positive cash from operations, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash, and we may not be able to continue to develop new products, grow market share, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements, any of which could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition, or impact our ability to continue to conduct operations.

 

Sales of our traditional endoscope products we manufacture for our customers years are continuing, and we have three new engineering projects that have transitioned to manufacturing orders during fiscal 2018. Additionally, we have an on-going pipeline of revenue generating engineering development projects with existing and new customers that are currently consuming the capacity of our engineering department. Engineering development projects are selected by us as those we believe have the greatest potential to transition into follow-on manufacturing orders as our customers introduce their products to market.

 

Our capabilities to design and manufacture entire endoscope instruments and sub-assemblies, but specifically those utilizing CMOS, 3D, and our Microprecision™ lens and camera module technologies, is the basis for our increased level of revenue generating engineering projects. We have developed expertise, intellectual property, and unique know-how in the area of micro sized camera modules comprising micro optical lens and prism elements, CMOS sensors, 3D visualization, fiber optics, and various forms of illumination that are increasingly in demand with medical device companies. We believe our capabilities in this area make endoscope products available to our customers in small sizes with high resolution and at low prices not available in the past. We also believe our technologies and know-how can lead to products meeting these criteria and they are also designed to be disposable, which is also in demand by medical device companies to mitigate the risks of operating room cross contamination.

  

Our future success in capitalizing on the demand for our design and manufacturing capabilities requires us to continue to provide engineering services valued by our customers, and to efficiently manufacture those products when orders are received from our customers. Our ability to continue to provide engineering and manufacturing services is dependent on us to continue to manage our cash flow and to raise the necessary amount of cash to fund our operating losses until sustained breakeven revenues and positive cash flow from operations are achieved.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

 

 

 

 

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

 

As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

 

ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

 

Index to Financial Statements

 

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 and 2017	F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	F-5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Precision Optics Corporation, Inc.:

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. as of June 30, 2018 and 2017 and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholder’s equity, cash flows, for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2018 and the related notes (collectively referred to as “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2018 and 2017 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ Stowe & Degon LLC

 

Westborough, Massachusetts

September 21, 2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

		2018				2017
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	402,738			$	118,405
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $232,500 at June 30, 2018 and $5,000 at June 30, 2017)			796,923				468,548
Inventories			1,144,068				1,055,447
Prepaid expenses			70,991				55,985
Total current assets			2,414,720				1,698,385
Fixed Assets:
Machinery and equipment			2,511,638				2,507,190
Leasehold improvements			553,596				553,596
Furniture and fixtures			148,303				148,303
			3,213,537				3,209,089
Less—Accumulated depreciation and amortization			3,164,051				3,136,835
Net fixed assets			49,486				72,254
Patents, net			47,275				30,086
		$	2,511,481			$	1,800,725
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Current portion of capital lease obligation		$	8,962			$	8,391
Accounts payable			703,538				694,958
Customer advances			857,842				180,137
Accrued employee compensation			238,590				189,783
Accrued professional services			98,000				71,000
Accrued warranty expense			25,000				25,000
Other accrued liabilities			912				49,512
Total current liabilities			1,932,844				1,218,781
Capital lease obligation, net of current portion			14,601				23,564
Commitments (Note 2)			–				–
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 50,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding – 10,197,139 shares at June 30, 2018 and 8,872,916 shares at June 30, 2017			101,972				88,729
Additional paid-in capital			45,484,186				45,140,383
Accumulated deficit			(45,022,122	)			(44,670,732	)
Total stockholders’ equity			564,036				558,380
		$	2,511,481			$	1,800,725

  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

for the Years Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

		2018				2017
Revenues		$	4,038,048			$	3,154,547
Cost of goods sold			2,556,130				2,380,823
Gross profit			1,481,918				773,724
Research and development expenses, net			456,377				464,162
Selling, general and administrative expenses			1,374,160				1,313,478
Gain on sale of assets			–				(1,515	)
Total operating expenses			1,830,537				1,776,125
Operating loss			(348,619	)			(1,002,401	)
Interest expense			(1,859	)			(3,144	)
Loss before provision for income taxes			(350,478	)			(1,005,545	)
Provision for income taxes			912				912
Net loss		$	(351,390	)		$	(1,006,457	)
Loss per share:
Basic and fully diluted		$	(0.04	)		$	(0.12	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and fully diluted			9,826,151				8,343,235

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

for the Years Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

		Number of Shares				Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital				Accumulated Deficit				Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, July 1, 2016			7,539,582			$	75,396			$	44,176,051			$	(43,664,275	)		$	587,172
Proceeds from private placement of common stock, net of issuance costs of $23,947			1,333,334				13,333				762,720				–				776,053
Stock-based compensation			–				–				201,612				–				201,612
Net loss			–				–				–				(1,006,457	)			(1,006,457	)
Balance, June 30, 2017			8,872,916			$	88,729			$	45,140,383			$	(44,670,732	)		$	558,380
Proceeds from private placement of common stock, net of issuance costs of $2,963			555,556				5,556				241,482				–				247,038
Proceeds from exercise of stock purchase warrants			666,667				6,667				–				–				6,667
Issuance of common stock for consulting services			102,000				1,020				49,980				–				51,000
Stock-based compensation			–				–				52,341				–				52,341
Net loss			–				–				–				(351,390	)			(351,390	)
Balance, June 30, 2018			10,197,139			$	101,972			$	45,484,186			$	(45,022,122	)		$	564,036

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the

Years Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

		2018				2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss		$	(351,390	)		$	(1,006,457	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities-
Depreciation and amortization			27,216				33,660
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable			227,500				(18,377	)
Gain on sale of assets			–				(1,515	)
Stock-based compensation expense			52,341				201,612
Non-cash consulting expense			2,400				33,900
Changes in operating assets and liabilities-
Accounts receivable			(555,875	)			300,209
Inventories			(88,621	)			78,004
Prepaid expenses			(15,006	)			32,144
Accounts payable			48,580				(457,603	)
Customer advances			677,705				180,137
Accrued expenses			75,807				(43,148	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			100,657				(667,434	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Proceeds from sale of assets			–				1,515
Additional patent costs			(17,189	)			(7,212	)
Purchases of fixed assets			(4,448	)			(27,719	)
Net cash used in investing activities			(21,637	)			(33,416	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Payment of capital lease obligation			(8,392	)			(7,857	)
Gross proceeds from private placements of common stock			210,001				780,000
Gross proceeds from exercise of stock purchase warrants			6,667				–
Private placement expenses paid			(2,963	)			(2,947	)
Net cash provided by financing activities			205,313				769,196
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents			284,333				68,346
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year			118,405				50,059
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year		$	402,738			$	118,405
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for income taxes		$	912			$	912
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Issuance of common stock to consultant		$	51,000			$	–
Private placement expenses incurred but not yet paid		$	–			$	21,000
Issuance of common stock in settlement of accounts payable		$	40,000			$	20,000

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

(1)	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

(a)	Nature of Business

 

Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. (the “Company”) designs, develops, manufactures and sells specialized optical and illumination systems and related components. The Company conducts business in one industry segment only and its customers are primarily domestic. The Company performs advanced optical and illumination system design, development, assembly and manufacturing services for products that fall into two principal areas: (i) medical products for use by hospitals and physicians; and (ii) products used by military and industrial customers.

 

(b)	Principles of Consolidation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its two wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

(c)

Revenues

 

The Company recognizes revenue when four basic criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the price to the buyer is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. The Company’s shipping terms are customarily FOB shipping point.

 

The sales price of products and services sold is fixed and determinable after receipt and acceptance of a customer’s purchase order or properly executed sales contract, typically before any work is performed. Management reviews each customer purchase order or sales contract to determine that the work to be performed is specified and there are no unusual terms and conditions that would raise questions as to whether the sales price is fixed or determinable. The Company assesses credit worthiness of customers based upon prior history with the customer and assessment of financial condition. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided for that portion of accounts receivable considered to be uncollectible, based upon historical experience and management’s evaluation of outstanding accounts receivable at the end of the year. Bad debts are written off against the allowance when identified.

 

The Company’s revenue transactions typically do not contain multiple deliverable elements for future performance obligations to customers, other than a standard one-year warranty on materials and workmanship, the estimated costs for which are provided for at the time revenue is recognized.

  

Revenues for industrial and medical products sold in the normal course of business are recognized upon shipment when delivery terms are FOB shipping point and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. Gross shipping charges reimbursable from customers, to deliver product, are insignificant and are included in the “Revenues” section of the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, while shipping costs are classified in the “selling, general and administrative expenses” section of the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

 

 

 

 

(d)	Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company includes in cash equivalents all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition. Cash and cash equivalents of $402,738 and $118,405 at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, consist primarily of cash at banks and money market funds. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on its cash and cash equivalents.

 

(e)	Inventories

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value and include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. The components of inventories at June 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

 

		2018				2017
Raw material		$	500,908			$	501,346
Work-in-progress			434,536				388,614
Finished goods			208,624				165,487
		$	1,144,068			$	1,055,447

 

The Company provides for estimated obsolescence on unmarketable inventory based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual demand and market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Inventory, once written down, is not subsequently written back up, as these adjustments are considered permanent adjustments to the carrying value of the inventory.

  

(f)	Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Maintenance and repair items are expensed as incurred. The Company provides for depreciation and amortization by charges to operations, using the straight-line and declining-balance methods, which allocate the cost of property and equipment over the following estimated useful lives:

 

Asset Classification		Estimated Useful Life
Machinery and equipment		2-7 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life
Furniture and fixtures		5 years
Vehicles		3 years

 

Depreciation expense was $27,216 and $33,660 for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

 

 

 

(g)	Significant Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its investments with highly rated financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses on these investments to date. At June 30, 2018, the Company’s four largest customer account receivable balances were 22%, 16%, 13%, and 13%, respectively, of total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2017, receivables from the Company’s five largest customers were 16%, 15%, 12%, 12% and 11%, respectively, of the total accounts receivable. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s receivables as of June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

The allowance for doubtful accounts receivable was increased from $5,000 at June 30, 2017 to $232,500 at June 30, 2018 in order to specifically reserve for $227,500 owed by one customer. Other than this doubtful account receivable, the Company has not experienced any material losses related to accounts receivable from individual customers. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security as a condition of sale, rather it relies on credit approval, balance limitation and monitoring procedures to control credit risk of trade account financial instruments. Management believes the allowance for doubtful accounts, which is established based upon review of specific account balances and historical experience, is adequate at June 30, 2018.

  

Revenues from the Company’s largest customers, as a percentage of total revenues, were as follows:

 

		2018				2017
Customer A			16%				5%
Customer B			14				10
Customer C			8				10
Customer D			4				11
All Others			58				64
			100%				100%

 

No other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenues in fiscal years 2018 and 2017. 

 

(h)	Loss per Share

 

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the number of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period such as stock options and warrants. For the year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the effect of such securities was antidilutive and not included in the diluted calculation because of the net loss generated in those periods.

 

 

 

 

The following is the calculation of loss per share for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

		Year Ended June 30
		2018				2017
Net Loss– Basic and Diluted		$	(351,390	)		$	(1,006,457	)
Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding			9,826,151				8,343,235
Potentially Dilutive Securities			–				–
Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding			9,826,151				8,343,235
Loss Per Share
Basic		$	(0.04	)		$	(0.12	)
Diluted		$	(0.04	)		$	(0.12	)

 

The number of shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants that were excluded from the computation as their effect was antidilutive was approximately 4,530,513 and 4,553,213 for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

(i)	Stock-Based Compensation

 

The measurement and recognition of compensation costs for all stock-based awards made to employees and the Board of Directors are based upon fair value over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest. The Company estimates the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation costs recognized for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $52,341 and $201,612, respectively.

 

(j)

Patents

 

Patent costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of their legal or estimated useful lives, generally five to ten years. Amortization expense was $0 for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

In July 2011, the Company assigned all of its currently issued and pending patents, as well as new inventions that it conceived before July 28, 2012, to Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. The Company retained a royalty-free, worldwide license to these patents in fields outside of medical robotics.

 

(k)	Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The estimated fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

  

(l)	Long-Lived Assets

 

Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

 

 

 

 

(m)	Warranty Costs

 

The Company does not incur future performance obligations in the normal course of business other than providing a standard one-year warranty on materials and workmanship to its customers (except in certain unusual and infrequently occurring situations where extended warranty terms beyond one year are negotiated with the customer). The Company provides for estimated warranty costs at the time product revenue is recognized. Warranty costs have been included as a component of cost of goods sold in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The following tables summarize warranty reserve activity for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

		2018				2017
Balance at beginning of period		$	25,000			$	25,000
Provision for warranty claims			6,109				14,842
Warranty claims incurred			(6,109	)			(14,842	)
Balance at end of period		$	25,000			$	25,000

 

(n)	Research and Development

 

Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. The Company groups development and prototype costs and related reimbursements in research and development. There were no reimbursements for research and development recorded in research and development for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

(o)	Comprehensive Income

 

Comprehensive income or loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owners sources. The Company’s comprehensive loss or income for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was equal to its net loss for the same periods.

 

(p)	Income Taxes

 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing the likelihood of utilization of existing deferred tax assets, management has considered historical results of operations and the current operating environment.

 

(q)	Segment Reporting

 

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in making decisions about how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief decision-maker is its Chief Executive Officer. To date, the Company has viewed its operations and manages its business as principally one segment. For all periods presented, over 90% of the Company’s sales have been to customers in the United States.

  

(r)	Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

 

 

 

(s)	Recent Accounting Pronouncements

   

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 provides a single, comprehensive accounting model for revenues arising from contracts with customers that supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under this model, revenue is recognized at an amount that an entity expects to be entitled to upon transferring control of goods or services to a customer, as opposed to when risks and rewards transfer to a customer under existing revenue recognition guidance. ASU 2014-09 is effective for the Company beginning in its fiscal year 2019, and may be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented or through a cumulative adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance in the year of adoption. The Company will expand its revenue related disclosures as a result of adopting the new standard, which will primarily include revenue disaggregation. The Company has adopted ASU 2014-09 for the Company’s fiscal year beginning July 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. The Company believes ASU 2014-09 will not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This guidance establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations and comprehensive income. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. This guidance provides specific classification of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. The ASU should be applied using a retrospective transition method. If it is impracticable to apply the amendments retrospectively for some of the cash flow issues, the amendments for those issues should then be applied prospectively at the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on its presentation of the consolidated statement of cash flows.

 

(2)	COMMITMENTS

 

(a)	Related Party Transactions

 

Transactions with Officers and Directors

 

The Company leases its main Gardner facility from a corporation owned by Mr. Richard E. Forkey, who resigned from the Company’s board of directors on July 9, 2014. The Company is currently a tenant-at-will, paying rent of $9,000 per month. Total rent expense paid or accrued to such related party was $108,000 in each of fiscal years 2018 and 2017, and is included in the Company’s accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Unpaid rent due to this related party in the amounts of $117,000 and $126,000 at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is include in accounts payable on the balance sheets.

 

On November 22, 2016, the Company entered into agreements with accredited investors for the sale and purchase of 1,333,334 units with each unit consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value and one warrant to purchase one-half of one share of the Company’s common stock, at a purchase price of $0.60 per unit. The Company received $780,000 in gross cash proceeds from the offering and settled an outstanding accounts payable balance with a consultant in the amount of $20,000 by issuing units. The Company is using the net proceeds from this placement for general working capital purposes.

 

The warrants issued in this offering were exercisable beginning on October 2, 2017 and expired on October 16, 2017. All warrants for 666,667 shares were exercised before October 16, 2017, by payment to the Company of $0.01 per share or an aggregate purchase price of $6,667.

 

 

 

    

In conjunction with the offering, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with the investors, whereby the Company was obligated to file a registration statement with the Securities Exchange Commission on or before 90 calendar days after November 22, 2016 to register the resale by the investors of the 1,333,334 shares and warrant shares purchased in the offering. The registration statement was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2017 and became effective on March 2, 2017.

 

Pursuant to the above transaction, the Company’s Chairman of the Board Mr. Woodward, as principal of MHW Partners, L.P., purchased 156,667 units at an aggregate purchase price of $94,000 and exercised warrants at 0.01 per share for an additional 78,333 shares.

    

Transactions with Stockholders Known by the Company to Own 5% or More of the Company’s Common Stock

 

Pursuant to the November 2016 placement described above, Dolphin Offshore Partners L.P. and Hershey Strategic Capital, L.P. purchased 916,667 and 125,000 shares, respectively, at aggregate purchase prices of $550,000 and $75,000, respectively. Dolphin Offshore Partners L.P. and Hershey Strategic Capital, L.P. also exercised warrants pursuant to the November 2016 placement described above for and additional 458,334 and 62,500 shares, respectively, at aggregate purchase prices of $4,583 and $625, respectively. At the time of these transactions, both Dolphin Offshore Partners L.P. and Hershey Strategic Capital, L.P. were beneficial owners of more than 5% of outstanding common stock.

  

(b)	Capital Lease Obligation

 

The Company entered into a five-year capital lease obligation in January 2016 for the acquisition of manufacturing equipment with payments totaling $51,252. At June 30, 2018, future minimum lease payments under the capital lease obligation are as follows:

 

Fiscal Year Ending June 30:		Amount
2019		$	10,250
2020			10,250
2021			5,126
Total minimum payments			25,626
Less: amount representing interest			2,063
Present value of minimum lease payments			23,563
Less: current portion			8,962
		$	14,601

 

The net book value of assets held under capital leases is $21,986 at June 30, 2018.

 

(c)	Operating Lease Commitments

 

The Company’s operating leases for its office space and equipment expired at various dates during fiscal year 2017 and the Company is continuing those rents on a month to month tenant at will basis. Rent expense on operating leases, excluding the related party rent described above, was $58,100 and $54,912 for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

(3)	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

(a)	Stock Options

 

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the years ended June 30:

 

		2018				2017
Cost of Goods Sold		$	8,669			$	34,676
Research and Development Expenses			15,423				31,952
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses			28,249				134,984
Stock Based Compensation Expense		$	52,341			$	201,612

  

 

 

 

No compensation has been capitalized because such amounts would have been immaterial. There was no net income tax benefit recognized related to such compensation for the years ended June 30, 2018 or 2017, as the Company is currently in a loss position. There were 40,000 stock options granted during the year ended June 30, 2018 and 15,000 stock options granted during the year ended June 30, 2017.

  

As of June 30, 2018, the unrecognized compensation costs related to options vesting in the future is $0. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as the most appropriate method for determining the estimated fair value for the stock awards. The Black-Scholes method of valuation requires several assumptions: (1) the expected term of the stock award; (2) the expected future stock volatility over the expected term; and (3) risk-free interest rate. The expected term represents the expected period of time the Company believes the options will be outstanding based on historical information. Estimates of expected future stock price volatility are based on the historic volatility of the Company’s common stock and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Zero-Bond rate. The Company utilizes a forfeiture rate based on an analysis of the Company’s actual experience. The fair value of options at date of grant was estimated with the following assumptions for options granted in fiscal year 2018:

 

		Year Ended
		June 30, 2018
Assumptions:
Option life			5.3 years
Risk-free interest rate			1.01%
Stock volatility			171%
Dividend yield			0
Weighted average fair value of grants			$    0.58

 

Stock Option and Other Compensation Plans:

 

The type of share-based payments currently utilized by the Company is stock options.

 

The Company has various stock option and other compensation plans for directors, officers and employees. The Company has the following stock option plans outstanding as of June 30, 2018: The Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) and the Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”). Vesting periods under the 2011 Plan and the 2006 Plan are at the discretion of the Board of Directors and typically average three to five years. Options under these Plans are granted at fair market value on the date of grant and typically have a term of ten years from the date of grant.

 

The 2011 Plan provides eligible participants (certain employees, directors, consultants, etc.) the opportunity to receive a broad variety of equity based and cash awards. Options granted vest and are exercisable for periods determined by the Board of Directors, not to exceed 10 years from the date of grant. On April 16, 2015, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan which increased the maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be awarded under the Plan from 325,000 to 1,825,000, an increase of 1,500,000 shares. In connection therewith, on April 20, 2015, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. At June 30, 2018, a total of 933,102 stock options are outstanding and 789,898 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2011 Plan.

  

The 2006 Plan provides eligible participants (certain employees, directors, consultants, etc.) the opportunity to receive a broad variety of equity based and cash awards. Options granted vest and are exercisable for periods determined by the Board of Directors, not to exceed 10 years from the date of grant. A total of 122,598 shares of common stock, including shares rolled forward from the 1997 Plan, have been reserved for issuance under the 2006 Plan. At June 30, 2017, a total of 123,798 stock options are outstanding, and no shares of common stock are available for future grants under the 2006 Plan.

 

   

The following tables summarize stock option activity for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

		Options Outstanding
		Number of Shares				Weighted Average Exercise Price				Weighted Average Contractual Life
Outstanding at July 1, 2016			1,136,000			$	0.79			8.00 years
Grants			15,000			$	0.40
Cancellations			(72,600	)		$	0.85
Outstanding at June 30, 2017			1,078,400			$	0.78			7.01 years
Grants			40,000			$	0.61
Cancellations			(62,700	)		$	0.99
Outstanding at June 30, 2018			1,055,700			$	0.76			6.13 years

 

Information related to the stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2018 is as follows:

 

Range of Exercise Prices				Number of Shares				Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)				Weighted- Average Exercise Price				Exercisable Number of Shares				Exercisable Weighted- Average Exercise Price
$	0.27				40,000				3.04			$	0.27				40,000			$	0.27
$	0.40				15,000				8.83			$	0.40				10,000			$	0.40
$	0.48				60,000				7.75			$	0.48				60,000			$	0.48
$	0.50				100,000				7.98			$	0.50				100,000			$	0.50
$	0.55				44,500				5.69			$	0.55				34,500			$	0.55
$	0.64				25,000				9.37			$	0.64				15,000			$	0.64
$	0.73				513,000				6.88			$	0.73				493,000			$	0.73
$	0.85				9,000				4.51			$	0.85				9,000			$	0.85
$	0.90				9,000				5.51			$	0.90				9,000			$	0.90
$	0.95				30,000				6.03			$	0.95				30,000			$	0.95
$	1.20				207,800				3.67			$	1.20				207,800			$	1.20
$	1.25				1,200				0.41			$	1.25				1,200			$	1.25
$	1.35				1,200				1.40			$	1.35				1,200			$	1.35
$	0.27–1.35				1,055,700				6.13			$	0.76				1,010,700			$	0.77

 

The aggregate intrinsic value of the Company’s “in-the-money” outstanding and exercisable options as of June 30, 2018 was $18,350 and $17,700, respectively.

 

(b)

Warrants

   

As of June 30, 2017, there were warrants outstanding for the issuance of an aggregate of 3,661,560 shares of common stock, at a weighted average exercise price of $0.75 per share. Warrants for the issuance of 2,994,893 of these shares expired on September 28, 2017, and warrants for the issuance of the remaining 666,667 shares were exercised on or before October 16, 2017, by payment to the Company for the aggregate purchase price of $6,667. There are no warrants for the purchase of the Company’s stock outstanding as of June 30, 2018.

 

 

 

  

(c)	Sale of Stock in November 2016

 

On November 22, 2016, the Company entered into agreements with accredited investors for the sale and purchase of 1,333,334 units with each unit consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value and one warrant to purchase one-half of one share of the Company’s common stock, at a purchase price of $0.60 per unit. The Company received $780,000 in gross cash proceeds from the offering and settled an outstanding accounts payable balance with a consultant in the amount of $20,000 by issuing units. The warrants for 666,667 shares were all exercised in October 2017 as described in Footnote 3.(b) Warrants. The Company used the net proceeds from this placement for general working capital purposes.

 

In conjunction with the offering, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with the investors, whereby the Company was obligated to file a registration statement with the Securities Exchange Commission on or before 90 calendar days after November 22, 2016 to register the resale by the investors of the 1,333,334 shares and warrant shares purchased in the offering. The registration statement was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2017 and became effective on March 2, 2017.

 

(d)	Sale of Stock in August 2017

 

On August 22, 2017, the Company entered into agreements with accredited investors for the sale and purchase of 466,668 unregistered shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value at a purchase price of $0.45 per share. The Company received $210,001 in gross proceeds from the offering. The Company is using the net proceeds from this placement for general working capital purposes.

  

Concurrently with the placement, the Company entered into an agreement with an investor for the sale of 88,888 unregistered shares of its common stock for services provided to the Company at a price of $0.45 per share.

 

In connection with the placement, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with the investors, whereby the Company was obligated to file a registration statement with the Securities Exchange Commission on or before 90 calendar days after August 22, 2017 to register the resale by the investors of 555,556 shares of our common stock purchased in the placement. The registration statement was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 20, 2017 and became effective on December 13, 2017.

 

(4)	INCOME TAXES

 

The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax return in Massachusetts as “major” tax jurisdictions. The periods subject to examination for its federal and state income tax returns are the years ended in 2017 and thereafter. The Company believes its income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and it does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to its financial position. Therefore, no liabilities for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded.

 

The provision for income taxes in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations consists of the minimum statutory state income tax liability of $912 for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

A reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

 

		2018				2017
Income tax expense (benefit) at federal statutory rate			(21.0)%				(34.0)%
Increase (decrease) in tax resulting from:
State taxes, net of federal benefit			(6.3)				(5.4)
Change in valuation allowance			20.4				30.9
Stock based compensation			4.5				8.0
Nondeductible items			2.3				0.2
Prior-year tax adjustments			–				0.2
Effective tax rate			(0.1)%				(0.1)%

  

 

 

 

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at June 30, 2018 and 2017 are approximately as follows:

 

		2018				2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards		$	2,601,000			$	3,716,000
Tax credit carry forwards			377,000				404,000
Reserves and accruals not yet deducted for tax purposes			360,000				383,000
Total deferred tax assets			3,338,000				4,503,000
Valuation allowance			(3,338,000	)			(4,503,000	)
Net deferred tax asset		$	–			$	–

 

The Company has provided a valuation allowance to reduce the net deferred tax asset to an amount the Company believes is “more likely than not” to be realized. The valuation allowance decreased in fiscal 2018, as compared to the prior year, by approximately $1,165,000, net of the effect of the reduction in the Federal corporate income tax rate to 21% pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act effective December 22, 2017 for tax years beginning after 2017.

 

At June 30, 2018, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $5,516,000 and $2,915,000, respectively, which will, if not used, expire at various dates from 2019 through 2037. In addition, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards from its Hong Kong operations of approximately $2,252,000, which carry forward indefinitely.

 

(5)	PROFIT SHARING PLAN

 

The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) profit sharing plan. Employer profit sharing and matching contributions to the plan are discretionary. No employer profit sharing or matching contributions were made to the plan in fiscal years 2018 and 2017.

 

(6)	SALE OF ASSETS

 

In fiscal year 2017, the Company sold equipment that was previously written off for proceeds totaling $1,515 and recorded a gain of $1,515. The gain is included within operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ITEM 9.  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

 

None.

 

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

 

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, including internal control over financial reporting, were not effective, as of June 30, 2018, to ensure the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (i) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures are intended to be designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management.

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Our disclosure controls and procedures include components of our internal control over financial reporting. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, with our Company have been detected.

 

A “material weakness” is defined as a significant deficiency, or a combination of significant deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. A “significant deficiency” is a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects a company’s ability to initiate, authorize, record, process or report external financial data reliably in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or detected.

 

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework. Based on our evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of June 30, 2018.

 

The following is a description of two material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting:

 

Segregation of Duties: As previously disclosed in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2008-2017, our management identified a control deficiency during the 2008 fiscal year because we lacked sufficient staff to segregate accounting duties. We believe the control deficiency resulted primarily because we have the equivalent of one and one-half persons performing all accounting-related on-site duties. As a result, we did not maintain adequate segregation of duties within our critical financial reporting applications, the related modules and financial reporting processes. This control deficiency could result in a misstatement of balance sheet and income statement accounts in our interim or annual consolidated financial statements that would not be detected. Accordingly, management has determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness.

 

 

 

 

To address and remediate the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting described above, beginning with the quarter ended September 30, 2008, we instituted a procedure whereby our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and other members of our Board of Directors perform a higher level review of the quarterly and annual reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K prior to filing.

 

We believe that the step outlined above strengthens our internal control over financial reporting and mitigates the material weakness described above. As part of our 2018 assessment of internal control over financial reporting, our management has evaluated this additional control and has determined that it is operating effectively.

  

Inventory Valuation: As previously disclosed in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2009-2017, we reported a material weakness with respect to the valuation of our inventories. Specifically, the amounts used to value our inventory at June 30, 2009 with respect to overhead rates and purchased items were often inconsistent with the supporting documentation, due to year-to-year changes in overhead rates and costs of purchased items that were not properly reflected in inventory valuation. Accordingly, management had determined that this control deficiency constituted a material weakness as of June 30, 2009. One audit adjustment of approximately $58,000 to our audited financial statements as of June 30, 2011 was necessary as a result of this condition.

 

To address and remediate the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting described above, beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2009 and continuing through the year ended June 30, 2018, we implemented procedures to improve our inventory controls and documentation surrounding inventory valuation for overhead rates, and performed procedures to ensure that the pricing of inventory items was consistent with the supporting documentation. We believe that the step outlined above strengthens our internal control over financial reporting and mitigates the material weakness described above.

 

We intend to continue to remediate material weaknesses and enhance our internal controls but cannot guarantee that our efforts will result in remediation of our material weaknesses or that new issues will not be exposed in this process.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION.

 

None.

 

 

 

 

PART III

 

ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

 

Identification of Directors

 

Set forth below is certain information with respect to the individuals who are our directors as of September 17, 2018.

 

Name		Age		Position(s) or Office(s) Held
Joseph N. Forkey		50		Chief Executive Officer, President, Treasurer and Director
Andrew J. Miclot		62		Director
Richard B. Miles		75		Director
Kenneth S. Schwartz		73		Director
Peter H. Woodward		45		Chairman of the Board of Directors

  

Board Composition. Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes that are as nearly equal in number as possible, with each class serving for a staggered term of office. Only one class is elected each year. Each director serves a three-year term and until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified. Our Board currently consists of five directors. Our Class I directors are Peter H. Woodward and Kenneth S. Schwartz. Our Class II director is Andrew J. Miclot. Our Class III directors are Joseph N. Forkey and Richard Miles.

 

Biographies and Qualifications of Our Directors. The biographies of our directors and certain information regarding each director’s experience, attributes, skills and/or qualifications that led to the conclusion that the individual should be serving as a director of our Company are as follows:

 

Dr. Joseph N. Forkey

 

Dr. Joseph N. Forkey, son of Richard E. Forkey, has served as our Chief Executive Officer, President and Treasurer since February 8, 2011. Dr. Forkey has been a member of our Board of Directors since 2006. He served as our Chairman of our Board of Directors from February 2011 to July 2014. He served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer from April 2006 to February 2011, and held the position of our Chief Scientist from September 2003 to April 2006. Since joining us, he has been involved in general technical and management activities of our Company, as well as investigations of opportunities that leverage our newly developed technologies. Dr. Forkey holds B.A. degrees in Mathematics and Physics from Cornell University, and a Ph.D. in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University. Prior to joining us, Dr. Forkey spent seven years at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School as a postdoctoral fellow and research staff member. Dr. Forkey is a valuable member of our Board due to his depth of scientific, operating, strategic, transactional, and senior management experience in our industry. Additionally, Dr. Forkey has held positions of increasing responsibility at our Company and holds an intimate knowledge of our Company due to his longevity in the industry and with us.

 

Andrew Miclot

 

Mr. Miclot was appointed to our Board on March 2, 2016. Mr. Miclot has more than 30 years of leadership experience with medical device suppliers and brings substantial global industry knowledge to our Company. Since January 2018, Mr. Miclot has been the President, Vice Chairman and Director of WishBone Medical, Inc., a pediatric orthopedic company dedicated to the unmet needs of children suffering from orthopedic challenges. From October 2015 to January 2018, Mr. Miclot served as President, CEO and Director of Micro Machine Co., a supplier of medical products for the orthopedic and spinal industries. Prior to joining Micro Machine Co., from May 2013 to September 2014, Mr. Miclot was Executive Vice President of MicroTechnologies, Inc., a medical device supplier. Mr. Miclot was General Manager and Senior Vice President of ArthroCare Corporation from June 2009 to March 2013. From January 2008 to March 2009, Mr. Miclot was President, CEO and Director of Ascension Orthopedics, Inc. He was Vice President of Marketing for the orthopedic global business unit at Orthofix, Inc. from April 2007 to January 2008, and from March 1994 to April 2007, he served as Senior Vice President with Symmetry Medical Inc., a medical device supplier. Mr. Miclot has a BA degree in Speech and Hearing and a MA degree in Audiology from Indiana University and a MBA from the Lake Forest Graduate School of Management, earned in 1991.

 

 

 

 

Richard B. Miles

 

Professor Richard B. Miles was appointed to our Board of Directors in November 2005. He was a member of the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering faculty at Princeton University from 1972 until 2013, at which time he retired from his Princeton academic appointment and became Professor Emeritus and Senior Scholar. From 1980 to 1996 he served as Chairman of Engineering Physics at Princeton. In 2017 he joined Texas A&M University and was appointed TEES Distinguished Research Professor of Aerospace Engineering. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, serves on the Board of Directors of the Hertz Foundation and the Board of Trustees of Pacific University, Oregon and is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America (OSA) and the American Institute Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). Professor Miles is a valuable member of our Board due to his depth of scientific experience and familiarity with the field of our technologies, insight into the academic community, and familiarity with the latest developments and innovations in science and technology.

 

Kenneth S. Schwartz

 

Dr. Schwartz was appointed to our Board effective July 9, 2014 in connection with the sale and purchase agreement we entered into in July 2014. Dr. Schwartz is currently the Medical Director at New York Radiology Alliance, a position he has held since October 2010 and, since 2016, the Regional Medical Director of Radiology for Envision Health Services. He also serves as the Chairman of Radiology at Brookdale Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York. He was the founding and managing Partner of S and D Medical LLP, a 60-person radiology group providing radiology services to eleven hospitals and imaging centers in the New York metropolitan area, for over ten years until he sold the practice in 2010. He had served on the Board of Directors at ARKS Radiology Management, Inc. from June 1999-June 2015 and serves on the Board of Trustees at the Brookhaven Memorial Hospital Medical Center. Dr. Schwartz also served as the Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Medical Imaging at the New York Institute of Technology in the College of Osteopathic Medicine from July 2007 to July 2012. Dr. Schwartz earned a BS from Brooklyn College and a Medical Degree from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He was a Diagnostic Radiology Resident at North Shore University Hospital in the Memorial Hospital-Sloan Kettering Cornell Cooperating Program.

 

Peter H. Woodward

 

Mr. Woodward was appointed to our Board effective July 9, 2014 and as chairman of the Board in connection with the sale and purchase agreement we entered into in July 2014. Mr. Woodward is the founder of MHW Capital Management, LLC, or MHW, a position he has held since September 2005. MHW specializes in large equity investments in public companies implementing operating strategies to significantly improve their profitability. From 1996 to 2005, Mr. Woodward was the Managing Director for Regan Fund Management, LLC. He served as the President and Chief Executive Officer and Director of Cartesian, Inc. from June 2015 to July 2018, and currently serves as Chairman of the Board and Chairman of the Audit Committee for TSS, Inc. Mr. Woodward holds a BA in economics from Colgate University and a Masters of International Affairs with a concentration in international economics and finance from Columbia University. He is also a Chartered Financial Analyst.

 

Richard E. Forkey

 

Mr. Richard E. Forkey currently serves as Founder and Director Emeritus. Effective February 8, 2011, Mr. Forkey resigned as Chief Executive Officer, President and Treasurer of our Company, and effective July 9, 2014, he resigned as Director. He had served as a Director and Chief Executive Officer since he founded our Company in 1982.

 

 

 

 

Identification of Executive Officers

 

Set forth below is certain information with respect to the individuals who are our executive officers as of September 17, 2018.

 

Name		Age		Position(s) or Office(s) Held
Joseph N. Forkey		50		Chief Executive Officer, President, Treasurer and Director
Donald A. Major		57		Chief Financial Officer and Secretary

 

Biographies and Qualifications of Our Executive Officers. The biographies of our executive officers and certain information regarding each officer’s experience, attributes, skills and/or qualifications that led to the conclusion that the individual should be serving as an executive officer of our Company are as follows:

 

Dr. Joseph N. Forkey

 

For Dr. Forkey’s full biography, please refer to the section entitled “Biographies and Qualifications of Our Directors.”

 

Donald A. Major

 

Mr. Major served as a member of our Board from 2005 until June 2016, when he resigned as a Board member and assumed the role of our Chief Financial Officer. From February 2012 until June 2016, Mr. Major also served as our Executive Vice President for Corporate Development. Mr. Major is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive) and has experience in public accounting and in financial officer positions in publicly held and start-up medical device companies. Mr. Major has been an independent consultant since October 2007, providing companies with various management services as well as sourcing services for a private equity firm. From October 2006 to May 2007, he served as Vice President of Corporate Development of Advanced Duplication Services LLC. From February 2002 to late 2008, Mr. Major served as Vice President and Treasurer of Anderson Entertainment, LLC (formerly Digital Excellence LLC), which was owned by a private equity firm and sold to Advanced Duplication Services LLC. Prior to that time, Mr. Major served in various executive financial positions in public and closely held medical device companies such as Bioplasty, Inc, Uroplasty, Inc., Advanced Bio-Surfaces, Inc. and as an audit manager with Grant Thornton, Minneapolis. He earned his B.A. in Accounting in 1984 from Michigan State University.

  

Other Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

 

None of our directors or executive officers has been involved in any bankruptcy or criminal proceedings, nor have there been any judgments or injunctions brought against any of our directors or executive officers during the last ten years that we consider material to the evaluation of the ability and integrity of any director or executive officer.

 

SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

 

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires our directors, executive officers and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our securities to file reports of beneficial ownership and changes in beneficial ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Forms 3 (Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership), 4 (Statement of Changes of Beneficial Ownership of Securities) and 5 (Annual Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities). Officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

 

Based solely upon a review of reports provided to us by our officers and directors, we believe that, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, no person required to file reports under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 failed to file such reports on a timely basis during such fiscal year, except that we are aware that Dolphin Offshore Partners LP which owns approximately 20% of our common stock based on available public records as of September 17, 2018 has not filed a Form 3 to date. Dolphin Offshore Partners LP is not affiliated with our Company.

 

 

 

 

Code of Ethics

 

We previously adopted a Corporate Code of Ethics and Conduct that applies to all employees, officers and directors of our Company, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, a copy of which was filed as Exhibit 14.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2008 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 2008. A copy of our Corporate Code of Ethics and Conduct can be obtained free of charge by contacting our Secretary, c/o Precision Optics Corporation, Inc., 22 East Broadway, Gardner, Massachusetts 01440.

 

Procedure for Nominating Directors

 

There have been no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors.

 

The Board of Directors will consider candidates for director positions that are recommended by any of our stockholders. Any such recommendation should be provided to our Secretary. The recommended candidate should be submitted to us in writing addressed to our Secretary, c/o Precision Optics Corporation, Inc., 22 East Broadway, Gardner, Massachusetts 01440. The recommendation should include the following information: name of candidate; address, phone and fax number of candidate; a statement signed by the candidate certifying that the candidate wishes to be considered for nomination to our Board of Directors and stating why the candidate believes that he or she would be a valuable addition to our Board of Directors; a summary of the candidate’s work experience for the prior five years and the number of shares of our stock beneficially owned by the candidate.

 

The Board will evaluate the recommended candidate and shall determine whether or not to proceed with the candidate in accordance with our procedures. We reserve the right to change our procedures at any time to comply with the requirements of applicable laws.

 

Committees of the Board of Directors

 

The Board of Directors has the responsibility for establishing broad corporate policies and reviewing our overall performance rather than day-to-day operations. The Board’s primary responsibility is to oversee management of our Company and, in so doing, serve the best interests of our Company and our stockholders.

 

Our Board of Directors has the ability to establish, or disband, such committees as necessary or appropriate to serve the needs of our Company. In February 2012, our Board of Directors made the determination to restructure and unanimously voted to disband its committees, including its Audit Committee. Our full Board of Directors performs all of the functions normally designated to an audit committee, compensation committee and nominating committee.

 

Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

 

As of February 2012, the Board of Directors no longer has a separately designated audit committee. Now, the functions of the audit committee are conducted by the entire Board, whose members are named above. We do not currently have an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

  

We believe that each member of our Board is financially literate and possesses sufficient experience, both professionally and by virtue of his service on our Board, to be fully capable of discharging his duties as a member of our Board performing audit committee functions.

 

 

 

 

ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

 

Executive Compensation

 

Summary Executive Compensation

 

The following table sets forth all compensation for our fiscal years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 awarded to, earned by, or paid to our Principal Executive Officer, our most highly compensated executive officer and our most highly compensated employee, all of which are referred to herein as the “Named Executive Officers.” No other executive officer earned over $100,000 in the last completed fiscal year.

 

Summary Executive Compensation Table for the Fiscal Years Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

Name and Principal Position		Year June 30,				Salary ($)				Bonus ($)				Stock Awards ($) (1)				Option Awards ($) (2)				All Other Compensation ($)				Total ($)
Joseph N. Forkey		2018					120,000				0				0				0				0				120,000
Director, Chief Executive Officer, President and Treasurer		2017					120,000				0				0				0				0				120,000
Donald A. Major		2018					159,843				0				0				0				0				159,843
Chief Financial Officer, Secretary		2017					160,183				0				0				0				0				160,183
Richard G. Cyr		2018					145,000				38,120	(3)			0				0				0				183,120
Optics Laboratory Manager		2017					145,000				8,127	(3)			0				0				0				153,127

 

(1)	Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of stock awards granted in the respective fiscal year as computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation. The fair value of each stock award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. A discussion of the assumptions used in calculating the amounts in this column may be found in the Notes to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2018 set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These amounts do not represent the actual amounts paid to or realized by the directors during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
(2)	Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of stock option awards granted in the respective fiscal year as computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. A discussion of the assumptions used in calculating the amounts in this column may be found in the Notes to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2018 set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These amounts do not represent the actual amounts paid to or realized by the directors during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
(3)	Represents a performance award for the respective fiscal year.

  

Employment Contracts

 

On July 27, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a new compensation agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Joseph Forkey effective August 2, 2018. Pursuant to the agreement, we will pay Mr. Forkey a base salary of $200,000 per year beginning retroactively on July 1, 2018. On August 2, 2018, we also granted Mr. Forkey a stock option to purchase up to 350,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.73 per share. The options vest as follows: (i) one–half of the options vest if we achieve revenues of $1.5 million or higher for two consecutive fiscal quarters, based on the reported revenues in our Form 10-Ks or 10-Qs; and (ii) one-half of the options vest if our common stock is trading at $1.00 per share or higher for fifteen consecutive trading days. In the event of a change of control all unvested options will vest. We will also grant Mr. Forkey 300,000 shares of common stock at a rate of 50,000 shares per fiscal quarter retroactively starting January 1, 2017 and through the quarter ended June 30, 2018. Such shares will be issued in three tranches of 100,000 shares each, on the date of signing the compensation agreement, on January 1, 2019, and on January 1, 2020.

 

 

 

 

In June 2016 we entered into a consulting agreement with Mr. Major to serve as our Chief Financial Officer from June 15, 2016 to June 30, 2017, with such term to renew automatically on a month to month basis thereafter unless terminated by either party with 30 days’ notice. Mr. Major received compensation at a rate of $6,500 per month to work up to an estimated 40% full-time equivalent per month in his capacity as our Chief Financial Officer. If Mr. Major worked more than the 40% full-time equivalent in any given month, Mr. Major received additional compensation, up to a maximum amount of $16,000 in any given month. This consulting agreement was terminated pursuant to the new compensation agreement with Mr. Major made effective on August 1, 2018.

 

On July 27, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a new compensation agreement with our Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, Donald Major effective August 1, 2018 pursuant to which we will pay Mr. Major a base salary of $175,000 per year for a minimum 75% full-time commitment, and grant Mr. Major a stock option to purchase up to 100,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.70 per share, the closing price of our common stock on August 2, 2018. The options vest as follows: 33,000 options vest three months following the grant date; 33,000 options vest three months following the end of the second consecutive quarter with Company quarterly revenues of $1,500,000 or greater, as reported in our Form 10-Q and / or 10-K filings; 34,000 options vest three months following the end of a second consecutive quarter with a Company gross margin percentage of 30% or greater, as reported in our Form 10-Q or 10-K filings. All options vest and become exercisable and Mr. Major will receive a severance payment equal to six weeks of base salary upon the effective date of an involuntary termination of Mr. Major as Chief Financial Officer for a reason other than cause or upon the effective date of a change in control of the Company.

 

Apart from the agreements described above, we have no other employment contracts in place with any Named Executive Officer or any compensatory plan or arrangement with respect to any Named Executive Officer where such plan or arrangement will result in payments to such Named Executive Officer upon or following his resignation, or other termination of employment with us and our subsidiaries, or as a result of a change-in-control of our Company or a change in the Named Executive Officers’ responsibilities following a change-in-control.

 

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2018

 

The following table shows grants of options outstanding on June 30, 2018, the last day of our fiscal year, to each of the Named Executive Officers named in the Summary Executive Compensation Table.

 

Name		Number of securities underlying unexercised options exercisable				Number of securities underlying unexercised options unexercisable				Option exercise price ($)				Option expiration date
Joseph N. Forkey			150,000				0				1.20			03/02/2022
Donald A. Major			400				0				1.25			11/25/2018
			400				0				1.35			11/24/2019
			27,600				0				1.20			03/02/2022
			3,000				0				0.85			01/02/2023
			3,000				0				0.90			01/02/2024
			30,000				0				0.95			07/09/2024
			60,000				0				0.73			05/18/2025
			80,000				0				0.50			06/20/2026
Richard G. Cyr			40,000				0				0.27			07/14/2021
			15,000	(1)			10,000	(1)			0.73			05/18/2025

 

(1)	The options were granted on May 18, 2015. 5,000 options vested on August 18, 2015 and 15,000 options vested on February 14, 2018.  The remaining 10,000 options will vest in accordance with the achievement of specified performance criteria.

 

 

 

 

Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan

 

We have a defined contribution 401(k) profit sharing plan. Employer profit sharing and matching contributions to the plan are discretionary. No employer profit sharing contributions were made to the plan in fiscal years 2018 and 2017. No employer matching contributions were made to the plan in fiscal years 2018 and 2017.

  

Director Compensation

 

The following table sets forth cash amounts and the value of other compensation paid to our directors, but does not include the compensation of Dr. Joseph N. Forkey, our Chief Executive Officer, President, and Treasurer, as his compensation is reflected in the Summary Executive Compensation Table. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, our Board of Directors determined that Dr. Joseph N. Forkey was our employee director and, therefore, would not earn any fees related to service on our Board.

 

Director Compensation Table for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2018

 

Name of Director		Fees earned or paid in cash ($)(1)				Total ($)
Richard E. Forkey (2)			0				0
Andrew J. Miclot			2,000				2,000
Richard B. Miles			2,000				2,000
Kenneth S. Schwartz			2,000				2,000
Peter H. Woodward			2,250				2,250

 

(1)	Under our director compensation plan, each director receives $250 per board or committee meeting that the director attends. We also reimburse our directors for travel expenses.

 

(2)	Mr. Richard E. Forkey served as our Chief Executive Officer until February 8, 2011 and as a Director until July 9, 2014. He currently serves as the Founder and Director Emeritus. He receives no compensation for this position.

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

 

The following tables set forth information regarding our common stock owned as of the close of business on September 17, 2018 by the following persons: (i) each person who is known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our common stock, (ii) each of our directors who beneficially owns our common stock, (iii) each of our Named Executive Officers who beneficially own our common stock and (iv) all executive officers and directors, as a group, who beneficially own our common stock. The information on beneficial ownership in the table and footnotes thereto is based upon data furnished to us by, or on behalf of, the persons listed in the table.

 

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially own, subject to applicable community property laws.

 

In computing the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we deemed outstanding shares of common stock subject to options held by that person or group that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days after September 17, 2018. We did not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person or group.

 

 

 

 

Stockholders Known by Us to Own Over 5% of Our Common Stock

 

		Amount of beneficial ownership (1)												Percent of
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner		Shares Owned				Shares – Rights to Acquire				Total Number				Shares Beneficially Owned (2)
Dolphin Offshore Partners LP (3) 4828 First Coast Highway, STE 5 Fernandina, FL 32034			2,070,625				0				2,070,625				20.1	%
Stuart L Sternberg (4) 85 Bellevue Ave Rye, NY 10580			1,091,355				0				1,091,355				10.6	%
Hershey Strategic Capital, LP (5) 888 7 th Ave., 17 th Floor New York, New York 10019			986,480				0				986,480				9.6	%
MHW Partners, L.P. (6) 150 East 52 nd  Street 30 th  Fl. New York, New York 10022			674,013				90,000				764,013				7.4	%

 

(1)

Represents shares with respect to which each beneficial owner listed has or will have, upon acquisition of such shares upon exercise or conversion of options, warrants, conversion privileges or other rights exercisable within 60 sixty days, sole voting and investment power. For the purposes of this table, we have not assumed the limitations on exercise set forth in certain warrants, which limit the number of shares of common stock that the holder, together with all other shares of common stock beneficially owned by such person, does not exceed 4.999% of the total outstanding shares of common stock.

 

(2)	As of September 17, 2018, there were 10,297,139 issued shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. Percentages are calculated on the basis of the amount of issued and outstanding common stock plus, for each person or group, any securities that such person or group has the right to acquire within 60 days pursuant to options, warrants, conversion privileges or other rights.
(3)	We relied, in part, on the Schedule 13D/A filed jointly by Dolphin Offshore Partners, L.P., Dolphin Mgmt. Services, Inc. and Peter E. Salas on October 13, 2017 and on the Schedule 13D/A filed jointly by Dolphin Offshore Partners, L.P., Dolphin Mgmt. Services, Inc. and Peter E. Salas on December 27, 2017 for this information.   Dolphin Offshore Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, is an investment manager. Dolphin Mgmt. Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is the managing general partner of Dolphin Offshore Partners, L.P. Peter E. Salas is the President, sole shareholder and controlling person of Dolphin Mgmt. Services, Inc. Peter Salas is a U.S. citizen.
	Dolphin Offshore Partners, L.P., Dolphin Mgmt. Services, Inc. and Peter E. Salas each may be deemed to beneficially own an aggregate of 2,070,625 shares of common stock. Dolphin Offshore Partners, L.P., Dolphin Mgmt. Services, Inc. and Peter E. Salas each may be deemed to have shared power to vote or direct the vote, and dispose or direct the disposition, of all such shares of common stock.
(4)	We relied, in part, on the Schedule 13G and Form 3 jointly filed by Stuart Sternberg on November 25, 2015, and on a Form 4 filed with the SEC on January 26, 2016 by Stuart Sternberg for this information.   Stuart Sternberg beneficially owns 1,091,355 shares of common stock, of which 924,688 shares are held in street name.

 

 

 

 

(5)	We relied, in part, on the Schedule 13D/A jointly filed by Hershey Strategic Capital, LP, Hershey Management I, LLC and Hershey Strategic Capital GP, LLC on October 10, 2017 and on the Schedule 13D/A jointly filed by Hershey Strategic Capital, LP, Hershey Management I, LLC and Hershey Strategic Capital GP, LLC on December 1, 2016 for this information.   Hershey Management I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is the investment advisor of Hershey Strategic Capital, LP, a Delaware limited partnership. Hershey Strategic Capital GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is the general partner of Hershey Strategic Capital, LP. Adam Hershey is the sole managing member of both Hershey Management I, LLC and Hershey Strategic Capital GP, LLC. As the investment advisor, Hershey Management I, LLC has the voting and dispositive power with respect to all of the shares of common stock owned by Hershey Strategic Capital, LP. On July 9, 2014, Richard E. Forkey resigned as a director and Hershey Strategic Capital, LP designated Peter H. Woodward and Dr. Kenneth S. Schwartz to our Board of Directors and such designees were so appointed.   Pursuant to the securities purchase agreement among us and several investors dated July 1, 2014, Hershey Strategic Capital, LP is entitled to designate two members of our Board of Directors, one of whom will be Chairman. If either of the directors designated by Hershey Strategic Capital, LP resigns from the Board of Directors before the third anniversary of the closing date of the transaction reflected in the purchase agreement, Hershey Strategic Capital, LP has the right to appoint an additional member of our Board of Directors, provided that funds and accounts managed Hershey Strategic Capital, LP at such time own more than one-half the number of shares purchased by Hershey Strategic Capital, LP in the transaction.   Hershey Strategic Capital, LP beneficially owns 986,480 shares of common stock. Hershey Strategic Capital, LP is managed by Adam Hershey, and in such capacity, Mr. Hershey holds the power to vote and direct the disposition of all shares of common stock owned by Hershey Strategic Capital, LP. Hershey Management I disclaims beneficial ownership in the shares.
(6)	We relied, in part, on a Form 4 filed with the SEC on December 1, 2016 by Peter H. Woodward, on a Schedule 13D/A jointly filed with the SEC on November 3, 2015 by MHW Partners, L.P., MHW Capital, LLC, MHW Capital Management, LLC, and on a Form 4 filed with the SEC on October 26, 2015 by Peter H. Woodward for this information.   MHW Partners, L.P. is a Delaware limited partnership. MHW Capital, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company. MHW Capital Management, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company. MHW Capital, LLC is the general partner of MHW Partners, L.P. Mr. Woodward is the principal of MHW Capital Management, LLC and MHW Capital, LLC and in such capacity, Mr. Woodward holds the power to vote and direct the disposition of all shares of common stock owned by MHW Partners, L.P. MHW Partners, L.P., MHW Capital, LLC, MHW Capital Management, LLC and Mr. Woodward share the power to vote and direct the disposition of all shares of common stock owned by MHW Partners, L.P. Mr. Woodward is a citizen of the United States and our current Chairman of our Board of Directors.   MHW Partners, L.P. beneficially owns 674,013 shares of common stock, and 90,000 shares that may be acquired upon the exercise of outstanding stock options by Mr. Woodward. The options vested in three installments: one-third vested immediately on the date of grant; one-third vested on May 18, 2016; the remaining one-third vested on May 18, 2017. The options have an exercise price of $0.73 and expire on May 18, 2025. However, the aggregate number of shares of common stock into which such warrants and options are exercisable, and which MHW Partners, L.P. has the right to acquire beneficial ownership, is limited to the number of shares of common stock that, together with all other shares of common stock beneficially owned by MHW Partners, L.P., does not exceed 4.999% of the total outstanding shares of common stock. Accordingly, such warrants and options are not currently exercisable into common stock until the actual shares of common stock held by MHW Partners, L.P. is less than 4.999% of the total outstanding shares of common stock. MHW Partners, L.P. may waive this 4.999% restriction with 61 days’ notice to us.

 

 

 

 

Officers and Directors

 

				Amount of beneficial ownership (2)									Percent of
Name and address of beneficial owner (1)		Nature of beneficial ownership		Shares Owned			Shares – Rights to Acquire			Total Number			Shares Beneficially Owned (3)
Joseph N. Forkey (4)		Chief Executive Officer, President, Treasurer and Director		333,620			500,000			833,620			7.7%
Richard E. Forkey (5)		Director Emeritus		200,377			0			200,377			1.9%
Peter H. Woodward (6)		Chairman of the Board of Directors		674,013			90,000			764,013			7.4%
Richard B. Miles (7)		Director		15,112			74,400			89,512			0.9%
Kenneth S. Schwartz (8)		Director		14,925			60,000			74,925			*
Andrew J. Miclot (9)		Director		0			60,000			60,000			*
Donald A. Major (10)		Chief Financial Officer, Secretary		125,778			306,000			431,778			4.1%
Richard G. Cyr (11)		Optics Laboratory Manager		0			55,000			55,000			*
All directors and executive officers as a group				1,363,825			1,145,400			2,509,225			21.9%

 

* Percentage of shares beneficially owned does not exceed one percent of issued and outstanding shares of stock.

 

(1)	Unless otherwise stated, the address of each beneficial owners listed on the table is c/o Precision Optics Corporation, Inc., 22 East Broadway, Gardner, MA 01440.
(2)	Represents shares with respect to which each beneficial owner listed has or will have, upon acquisition of such shares upon exercise or conversion of options, warrants, conversion privileges or other rights exercisable within 60 sixty days, sole voting and investment power.
(3)	As of September 17, 2018, we had 10,297,139 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. Percentages are calculated on the basis of the amount of issued and outstanding common stock plus, for each person or group, any securities that such person or group has the right to acquire within 60 days of September 17, 2018 pursuant to options, warrants, conversion privileges or other rights.
(4)	Dr. Forkey is a member of our Board of Directors and serves as our Chief Executive Officer, President and Treasurer. Dr. Forkey’s beneficial ownership consists of (a) 333,620 shares of common stock held in joint ownership with his wife, Heather Forkey, with whom he shares voting and dispositive control, and (b) 500,000 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.
(5)	Mr. Forkey is our Director Emeritus. He served as our Chief Executive Officer until February 8, 2011, and Director until July 9, 2014. Mr. Forkey’s beneficial ownership consists of 200,377 shares of common stock.

 

 

 

 

(6)	Mr. Peter Woodward is the Chairman of our Board of Directors. Mr. Woodward is the managing member and general partner of MHW Partners and in such capacity, Mr. Woodward holds the power to vote and direct the disposition of all shares of common stock owned by MHW Partners. On September 28, 2012, MHW Partners purchased 222,223 shares of our common stock, and warrants to purchase up to 168,386 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.11 per share, subject to adjustment and a call provision if certain market price targets are reached, and an expiration date of September 28, 2017. On July 2, 2014, MHW Partners purchased 125,000 shares of common stock. On October 19, 2015, MHW Partners purchased 100,000 shares of common stock. On November 22, 2016 MHW Partners purchased 156,667 shares of common stock, and warrants to purchase 78,333 shares of common stock at an exercise at a variable exercise price subject to the Companies achievement of certain performance criteria. Mr. Woodward exercised the 78,333 November 22, 2016 warrants on October 16, 2017 at $0.01 per share. Mr. Woodward’s beneficial ownership consists of (a) 674,013 shares of common stock held through MHW Partners, L.P., and (b) 90,000 shares of common stock which may be acquired upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.
(7)	Mr. Miles is a member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Miles’ beneficial ownership consists of (a) 15,112 shares of common stock, and (b) 74,400 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.
(8)	Mr. Kenneth Schwartz is a member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Schwartz’s beneficial ownership consists of (a) 14,925 shares of common stock, and (b) 60,000 shares that may be acquired upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.
(9)	Mr. Andrew Miclot is a member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Miclot’s beneficial ownership consists of 60,000 shares that may be acquired upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.
(10)	Mr. Major is our Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Major’s beneficial ownership consists of (a) 125,778 shares of common stock, and (b) 306,000 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.
(11)	Mr. Cyr is our Optics Laboratory Manager and is considered a “named executive officer” as defined in Item 402(a)(3) of Regulation S-K. Mr. Cyr’s beneficial ownership consists of 55,000 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.

  

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

 

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

 

Since the beginning of the last fiscal year we had the following related party transactions.

 

Transactions with Officers and Directors

 

We lease our main facility in Gardner, Massachusetts from Equity Assets, Inc., a company wholly-owned by Mr. Richard E. Forkey, our Director Emeritus and our former Director and Chief Executive Officer until July 9, 2014. We are currently a tenant-at-will, paying rent of $9,000 per month, or an aggregate of $108,000 per year, for each of fiscal years 2018 and 2017.

 

Sale of Stock in November 2016

 

On November 22, 2016, we entered into agreements with accredited investors for the sale and purchase of 1,333,334 units with each unit consisting of one share of our common stock, $0.01 par value and one warrant to purchase one-half of one share of our common stock, at a purchase price of $0.60 per unit. We received $780,000 in gross cash proceeds from the offering and settled an outstanding accounts payable balance with a consultant in the amount of $20,000 by issuing units. We used the net proceeds from this placement for general working capital purposes.

 

 

 

 

In conjunction with the placement, we also entered into a registration rights agreement with the investors, and in compliance with the terms of the agreement the registration statement was filed on February 3, 2017 and became effective on February 24, 2017.

 

The warrants issued in this offering vested on October 2, 2017 and were all exercised on or before October 16, 2017 at $0.01 per share and by payment to the Company of an aggregate of $6,667.

 

Pursuant to the above transaction, our Chairman of the Board Mr. Woodward, as principal of MHW Partners, L.P., purchased 156,667 shares of our common stock and 78,333 warrants to purchase common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $94,000.

 

In conjunction with the 2016 offering, certain anti-dilution provisions of the warrants issued in conjunction with our September 28, 2012 financing transaction were triggered. Our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Forkey, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Major, and our director Richard B. Miles and our Chairman of the Board Mr. Woodward, as principal of MHW Partners, L.P. participated in the 2012 financing and held 2012 warrants. As a result of the 2016 offering, the warrant exercise price decreased from $1.06 to $0.95 and the number of existing September 28, 2012 warrants increased from 18,346 to 20,496 for Dr. Forkey, from 22,930 to 25,580 for Mr. Major, from 9,173 to 10,235 for Mr. Miles and 183,440 to 204,680 for Mr. Woodward, respectively. The warrants issued in conjunction with our September 28, 2012 financing transaction expired on September 28, 2017 without any being exercised.

 

Sale of Stock in August 2017

 

On August 22, 2017, we entered into agreements with accredited investors for the sale and purchase of 466,668 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value at a purchase price of $0.45 per share. We received $210,000 in gross proceeds from the offering. We intend to use the net proceeds from this placement for general working capital purposes.

 

Concurrently with the placement, we entered into an agreement with an investor for the sale of 88,888 unregistered shares of our common stock for services provided to us at a price of $0.45 per share.

 

In conjunction with the 2017 offering, certain anti-dilution provisions of the warrants issued in conjunction with our September 28, 2012 financing transaction were triggered. Our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Forkey, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Major, and our director Richard B. Miles and our Chairman of the Board Mr. Woodward, as principal of MHW Partners, L.P. participated in the 2012 financing and held 2012 warrants. As a result of the 2017 offering, the warrant exercise price decreased from $0.95 to $0.89 and the number of existing September 28, 2012 warrants increased from 20,496 to 21,849 for Dr. Forkey, from 25,580 to 27,304 for Mr. Major, from 10,235 to 10,925 for Mr. Miles and 204,680 to 218,479 for Mr. Woodward, respectively. The warrants issued in conjunction with our September 28, 2012 financing transaction expired on September 28, 2017 without any being exercised.

 

Transactions with Stockholders Known by Us to Own 5% or More of Our Common Stock

  

Pursuant to the October 2015 placement described above, Hershey Strategic Capital, L.P. purchased 37,313 shares of our common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $25,000. At the time of the transaction, Hershey Strategic Capital was a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding common stock.

  

Pursuant to the November 2016 placement described above, Dolphin Offshore Partners LP purchased 916,667 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase 458,334 shares of our common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $550,000, and Hershey Strategic Capital L.P. purchased 125,000 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase 62,500 shares of our common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $75,000. Dolphin Offshore Partners and Hershey Strategic Capital were beneficial owners of more than 5% of our outstanding common stock at the time of the placement.

 

On or before October 16, 2017 Dolphin Offshore Partners LP and Hershey Strategic Capital L.P. exercised warrants received in the November 2016 placement for 458,334 and 62,500 shares, respectively, at $0.01 per share, or $4,583 and $625, respectively by payment to the Company. Dolphin Offshore Partners and Hershey Strategic Capital were beneficial owners of more than 5% of our outstanding common stock at the time the warrants were exercised.

 

 

 

 

Director Independence

 

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, the Board of Directors determined that Messrs. Richard B. Miles, and Andrew J. Miclot were “independent” as defined under the standards of independence set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rules and the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees

 

Our principal and sole independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2018 and 2017 is Stowe & Degon LLC, referred to as Stowe. The following table presents fees for professional audit services and other services rendered by Stowe, for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

		2018				2017
Audit Fees (1)		$	83,250			$	72,246
Audit-Related Fees (2)			3,251				2,650
Total Audit and Audit-Related Fees			86,501				74,896
Tax Fees (3)			12,450				7,750
Total Fees		$	98,951			$	82,646

  

(1)	Audit fees for fiscal 2018 are comprised of fees for professional services performed for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of our quarterly financial statements of $83,250, including direct out-of-pocket expenses in the amount of $1,809. Audit fees for fiscal 2017 are comprised of fees for professional services performed for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of our quarterly financial statements of $72,246, including direct out-of-pocket expenses in the amount of $1,146.
(2)	Audit-related fees are comprised of fees for assurance and related attestation services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of our annual financial statements, or the review thereof, and fees for due diligence services.
(3)	Tax fees for fiscal 2018 and 2017 are comprised of fees for professional services performed with respect to corporate tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice.

 

Pre-Approval Policies

 

Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer, our Board of Directors pre-approves all services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. 100% of the above services and fees were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors either before or after the respective services were rendered. The Board of Directors has considered the nature and amount of fees billed by Stowe and believes that the provision of services for activities unrelated to the audit is compatible with maintaining the firm’s independence.

 

 

 

 

PART IV

 

ITEM 15.  EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

 

a.	Documents filed as part of this report

 

The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on 10-K:

 

1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The following documents are filed in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

  

2.	FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 

All financial statement schedules have been omitted as they are not required, not applicable, or the required information is otherwise included.

 

b.

Exhibits

 

The exhibits listed below are filed with or incorporated by reference in this report.

 

Exhibit		Description
2.1		Asset Purchase Agreement between the Company and Optometrics Corporation, dated January 18, 2008 (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K filed January 25, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
3.1		Articles of Organization of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc., as amended (included as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form SB-2 filed March 16, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2		Bylaws of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. (included as Exhibit 3.2 to the Form S-1 filed December 18, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.3		Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Organization of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc., dated November 25, 2008 and effective December 11, 2008 (included as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed December 11, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.4		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. (included as Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 11, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.1		Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, dated October 13, 2011 (included as Exhibit 10.2 to Form S-8 filed October 14, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.)

 

 

 

 

10.2		Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. Amended 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, dated October 14, 2011, as amended on April 16, 2015 (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed April 20, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.3		Consulting Agreement with Donald A. Major dated June 15, 2016 (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.4		Form of Purchase Agreement, by and among Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and several Investors, dated November 22, 2016 (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 29, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.5		Form of Registration Rights Agreement, by and among Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and several Investors, dated November 22, 2016 (included as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 29, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.6		Form of Purchase Agreement, by and among Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and several Investors, dated August 22, 2017 (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 25, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.7		Form of Registration Rights Agreement, by and among Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and several Investors, dated August 22, 2017 (included as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 25, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.8		Compensation Agreement, by and among Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and Joseph N. Forkey, dated August 2, 2018 (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 3, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.9*		Offer letter, by and among Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. and Donald Major, dated August 2, 2018.
14.1		Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. Corporate Code of Ethics and Conduct (included as Exhibit 14.1 to the Form 10-K filed September 28, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
21.1		Subsidiaries of the Registrant (included as Exhibit 21.1 to the Form 10-K filed September 26, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
23.1*		Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*		Certification of Officers pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

* Filed herewith.

 

Copies of above exhibits not contained herein are available to any stockholder, upon written request to: Chief Financial Officer, Precision Optics Corporation, Inc., 22 East Broadway, Gardner, MA 01440.

 

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

 

None.

 

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

	PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.
Date: September 27, 2018	By:	/s/ Joseph N. Forkey
		Joseph N. Forkey President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: September 27, 2018	By:	/s/ Donald A. Major
		Donald A. Major Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature	Capacity	Date
/s/ Joseph N. Forkey Joseph N. Forkey	Chief Executive Officer, President, Treasurer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	September 27, 2018
/s/ Donald A. Major Donald A. Major	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)	September 27, 2018
/s/ Andrew J. Miclot	Director	September 27, 2018
Andrew J. Miclot
/s/ Peter H.  Woodward	Director, Chairman	September 27, 2018
Peter H. Woodward
/s/ Richard B. Miles	Director	September 27, 2018
Richard B. Miles
/s/Kenneth S. Schwartz	Director	September 27, 2018
Kenneth S. Schwartz