Form 20-F

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 20-F

 

¨   REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

x   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002

OR

¨   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Commission file number 1-14554

BANCO SANTANDER-CHILE

(FORMERLY KNOWN AS BANCO SANTIAGO)

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

SANTANDER-CHILE BANK

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Chile

(Jurisdiction of incorporation)

 

Bandera 140

Santiago, Chile

Telephone: 011-562 320-2000

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

 

Title of each class


  

Name of each exchange

on which registered


American Depositary Shares, each representing the right to receive 1,039 Shares of Common Stock without par value

   New York Stock Exchange

Shares of Common Stock, without par value*

   New York Stock Exchange

*   Santander-Chile’s shares of common stock are not listed for trading, but only in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares, pursuant to the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

None

(Title of Class)

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

 

None

(Title of Class)

The number of outstanding shares of each class of common stock of Banco Santander-Chile at December 31, 2002 was:

 

188,446,126,794 Shares of Common Stock, without par value

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x    No ¨

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 ¨ Item 18 x

 



BANCO SANTANDER-CHILE

 


Table of Contents


 

     Page

Forward-Looking Statements

   3

Certain Terms and Conventions

   4

Presentation of Financial Information

   5

PART I

        8

ITEM 1.    IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

   8

ITEM 2.    OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

   8

ITEM 3.    KEY INFORMATION

   8

A.    Selected Financial Data

   8

B.    Capitalization and Indebtedness

   15

C.    Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

   15

D.    Risk Factors

   15

ITEM 4.    INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

   23

A.    History and Development of the Company

   23

B.    Organizational Structure

   24

C.    Business Overview

   29

D.    Regulation and Supervision

   34

ITEM 5.    OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

   43

A.    Critical Accounting Policies

   43

B.    Operating Results

   45

C.    Liquidity and Capital Resources

   56

D.    Asset and Liability Management

   68

E.    Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

   97

F.    Trend Information

   97

ITEM 6.    DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

   108

A.    Directors and Senior Management

   108

B.    Compensation

   112

C.    Board Practices

   112

D.    Employees

   113

E.    Share Ownership

   114

ITEM 7.    MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

   115

A.    Major Shareholders

   115

B.    Related Party Transactions

   115

C.    Interests of Experts and Counsel

   117

ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL INFORMATION

   117

A.    Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

   117

ITEM 9.    THE OFFER AND LISTING

   119

A.    Historical Trading Information

   119

B.    Plan of Distribution

   120

C.    Nature of Trading Market

   120

D.    Selling Shareholders

   120

E.    Dilution

   120

F.    Expenses of the Issue

   120

ITEM 10.    ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

   121

A.    Share Capital

   121

B.    Memorandum and Articles of Association

   122

C.    Material Contracts

   129

D.    Exchange Controls

   129

E.    Taxation

   120

F.    Dividends and Paying Agents

   135

G.    Statement by Experts

   135

H.    Documents on Display

   135

 

i


I.    Subsidiary Information

   136

ITEM 11.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

   137

ITEM 12.    DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

   177

PART II

    

ITEM 13.    DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELIQUENCIES

   178

ITEM 14.    MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

   178

ITEM 15.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

   178

ITEM 16.    AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

   178

PART III

    

ITEM 17.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   178

ITEM 18.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   178

ITEM 19.    EXHIBITS

   178

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION

   182

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

   183

 

ii


CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

We have made statements in this Annual Report on Form 20-F that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements appear throughout this annual report and include statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations regarding:

 

•      asset growth and alternative sources of funding

 

•      projected capital expenditures

•      growth of our fee-based business

 

•      liquidity

•      financing plans

 

•      trends affecting:

•      impact of competition

 

•      our financial condition

•      impact of regulation

 

•      our results of operation

•      exposure to market risks:

 

•      expected synergies from the merger

•      interest rate risk

 

•      projected costs savings from the merger

•      foreign exchange risk

 

•      merger expenses

•      equity price risk

 

•      integration of our computer system

 

The sections of this prospectus which contain forward-looking statements include, without limitation, “Item 3: Key Information—Risk Factors,” “Item 4: Information on the Company—Strategy,” “Item 4: Information on the Company,” “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—,”“Item 8: Financial Information—Legal Proceedings,” and “Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—.” Our forward-looking statements also may be identified by words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “intends,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “seeks,” “aim,” “combined,” “estimates,” “probability,” “risk,” “VaR,” “target,” “goal,” “objective,” “future” or similar expressions.

 

You should understand that the following important factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents which are incorporated by reference, could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements:

 

•      changes in capital markets in general that may affect policies or attitudes towards lending to Chile or Chilean companies

 

•      increased costs

•      the monetary and interest rate policies of the Central Bank

•      inflation

 

•      unanticipated increases in financing and other costs or the inability to obtain additional debt or equity financing on attractive terms

•      deflation

•      unemployment

 

•      changes in, or failure to comply with, banking regulations

•      unanticipated turbulence in interest rates

•      movements in foreign exchange rates

 

•      our ability to integrate the businesses of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile successfully after the merger

•      movements in equity prices or other rates or prices

 

•      our ability to integrate back-office operations

•      changes in Chilean and foreign laws and regulations

 

•      obstacles in the integration of our systems

•      changes in taxes

•      competition, changes in competition and pricing environments

 

•      the challenges inherent in diverting management’s focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and from operational matters during the integration process

•      natural disasters

 

•      conditions imposed in connection with the merger

•      our inability to hedge certain risks economically

•      the adequacy of loss allowances

 

•      our ability to successfully market and sell additional services to our existing customers

•      technological changes

 

•      disruptions in client service

•      changes in consumer spending and saving habits

   

 

3


•      the success of our post-merger branding strategy

 

•      an inaccurate or ineffective client segmentation model

•      successful implementation of new technologies

•      loss of market share

 

•      our ability to carry our anticipated headcount reductions

•      successful integration of both banks

   

 

You should not place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. Our independent public accountants have neither examined nor compiled the forward-looking statements and, accordingly, do not provide any assurance with respect to such statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this document speak only as of the date of this Annual Report, and we do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

Certain Terms and Conventions

 

When we use first person, personal pronouns in this report, such as “we”, “us”, or “our”, we mean Santander-Chile and its consolidated subsidiaries, the bank resulting from the merger of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile.

 

When we refer to “Santiago” in this Annual Report, we refer to Banco Santiago and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to its merger with Old Santander-Chile. When we refer to “Old Santander-Chile” in this Annual Report, we refer to the former Banco Santander-Chile and its consolidated subsidiaries, which ceased to exist upon its merger into Santiago, effected on August 1, 2002.

 

As used in this Annual Report, the term “billion” means one thousand million (1,000,000,000).

 

In this Annual Report, references to “$”, “US$”, “U.S.$”, “U.S. dollars” and “dollars” are to United States dollars, references to “Chilean pesos” “pesos” or “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos and references to “UF” are to Unidades de Fomento. The UF is an inflation-indexed Chilean monetary unit with a value in Chilean pesos that changes daily to reflect changes in the official Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) of the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (the Chilean National Institute of Statistics). See “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and Note 1(c) to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

4


Presentation of Financial Information

 

Currency and Accounting Principles

 

Santander-Chile is a Chilean bank and maintains its financial books and records in Chilean pesos and prepares its Audited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in Chile and the rules of the Superintendencia de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras (the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions, which is referred to herein as the “Superintendency of Banks”), which together differ in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). References to “Chilean GAAP” in this Annual Report are to accounting principles generally accepted in Chile, as supplemented by the applicable rules of the Superintendency of Banks. See Note 28 to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Santander-Chile as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 and for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 contained elsewhere in this Annual Report (together with the notes thereto, the “Audited Consolidated Financial Statements”) for a description of the principal differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to Santander-Chile, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and shareholders’ equity. Pursuant to Chilean GAAP, amounts expressed in the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and all other amounts included elsewhere throughout this Annual Report for all periods expressed in Chilean pesos are expressed in constant Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2002. See Note 1(b) to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Loans

 

Unless otherwise specified, all references herein (except in the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements) to loans are to loans and financial leases before deduction for loan loss allowance, and, except as otherwise specified, all market share data presented herein are based on information published periodically by the Superintendency of Banks. Non-performing loans include loans for which either principal or interest is overdue, and which do not accrue interest. Restructured loans for which no payments are overdue are not ordinarily classified as non-performing loans. Past due loans include, with respect to any loan, only the portion of principal and interest that is 90 or more days overdue, and do not include the installments of such loan that are not overdue or that are less than 90 days overdue, unless legal proceedings have been commenced for the entire outstanding balance according to the terms of the loan, in which case the entire loan is considered past due within 90 days after initiation of such proceedings. This practice differs from that normally followed in the United States, where the amount classified as past due would include the entire amount of principal and interest on any and all loans which have any portion overdue. See “Item 5D: Asset and Liability Management—Selected Statistical Information—Loan Portfolio—Classification of Loan Portfolio—Classification of Loan Portfolio Based on the Borrower’s Payment Performance.”

 

According to the regulations established by the Superintendency of Banks, Santander-Chile is required to charge off corporate loans no later than 24 months after being classified as past due, if unsecured, and if secured, no later than 36 months after being classified as past due. When an installment of a past due corporate loan (whether secured or unsecured) is charged off, Santander-Chile must charge off all installments which are overdue. However, this does not preclude Santander-Chile from charging off the entire amount of the loan, if it deems such action to be necessary. Once any amount of a loan is charged off, each subsequent installment must be charged off as it becomes overdue. In the case of past due consumer loans, a similar practice applies, except that after the first installment becomes three months past due, Santander-Chile must charge off the entire remaining part of the loan. Santander-Chile may charge off any loan (whether corporate or consumer) before the first installment becomes overdue, but only in accordance with special procedures established by the Superintendency of Banks and must charge off an overdue loan (whether corporate or consumer) before that time according to the terms set forth above in certain circumstances.

 

Outstanding loans and the related percentages of Santander-Chile’s loan portfolio made up of corporate and consumer loans in the section entitled “Item 4B: Business Overview” are categorized based on the nature of the borrower. Outstanding loans and related percentages of the loan portfolio of Santander-Chile made up of corporate and consumer loans in the section entitled “Item 5D: Asset and Liability Management—Selected Statistical Information” are categorized in accordance with the reporting requirements of the Superintendency of Banks, which are based on the type and term of loans.

 

5


Shareholder’s Equity

 

Unless otherwise specified, all references to “shareholders’ equity” (except in the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements) as of December 31 of any year are to shareholders’ equity in the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements excluding dividends, if any, paid in respect of such year then ended, such dividends having been paid in the following year. See “Item 8A: Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends and Dividend Policy.”

 

Effect of Rounding

 

Certain figures included in this Annual Report and in the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this Annual Report have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, certain percentage amounts in this Annual Report may vary from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain other amounts that appear in this Annual Report may not sum due to rounding.

 

Economic and Market Data

 

In this Annual Report, unless otherwise indicated, all macro-economic data related to the Chilean economy is based on information published by the Banco Central de Chile (the Chilean Central Bank) (the “Central Bank”), and all market share and other data related to the Chilean financial system is based on information published by the Superintendency of Banks and our analysis of such information. Information regarding the consolidated risk index of the Chilean financial system as a whole is not available. The Superintendency of Banks publishes the unconsolidated risk index for the financial system three times a year in February, June and October.

 

Exchange Rates

 

This Annual Report contains translations of certain Chilean peso amounts into US dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. These translations should not be construed as representations that the Chilean peso amounts actually represent such US dollar amounts, were converted from US dollars at the rate indicated in preparing the audited and interim unaudited consolidated financial statements, could be converted into US dollars at the rate indicated or were converted at all. Unless otherwise indicated, such US dollar amounts, in the case of information concerning Santiago and Old Santander-Chile, have been translated from Chilean pesos based on the observed exchange rate reported by the Central Bank on December 31, 2002, which was Ch$712.38 per US$1.00. The observed exchange rate reported by the Central Bank on December 31, 2002 is based upon the actual exchange rate of December 31, 2002 and is the exchange rate specified by the Superintendency of Banks for use by Chilean banks in the preparation of their financial statements for the periods ended December 31, 2002. The observed exchange rate on June 19, 2003 was Ch$705.95 per US$1.00, reflecting an accumulated appreciation of 0.9% from December 31, 2002. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for the Chilean peso. For more information on the observed exchange rate see “Item 3: Exchange Rates.”

 

Merger – Accounting Treatment

 

On August 1, 2002, Old Santander-Chile merged into Santiago. Immediately thereafter, Santiago changed its name to “Banco Santander Chile.” The merger is being accounted for under Chilean GAAP in a manner commonly referred to as a “pooling of interests” on a prospective basis from January 1, 2002. Under Chilean GAAP, any financial statements we issue as of or for periods ending August 1, 2002 or thereafter will reflect the combined operations of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile from January 1, 2002. Our historical financial statements under Chilean GAAP as of and for periods ended prior to August 1, 2002 have not been and will not be restated to reflect the merger. As such, for Chilean GAAP purposes, our historical financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001 are those of Santiago which is deemed to be the predecessor entity of Santander-Chile.

 

The merger is being accounted for under US GAAP as a merger of entities under common control, as Banco Santander Central Hispano controlled both Santiago and Old Santander-Chile beginning May 3, 1999. US GAAP requires that we record the transaction in a manner similar to a pooling of interests based on the carrying values for Santiago and Old Santander-Chile included in the accounting records of the common parent, Banco Santander Central Hispano. However, to the extent that in connection with the merger Santiago issued Santiago shares or paid

 

6


cash (in the case of fractional shares) for Old Santander-Chile shares held by parties other than Banco Santander Central Hispano and its affiliates, the transaction has been accounted for using the purchase method based on fair values. As a consequence of the merger, Santiago is required to restate its US GAAP historical financial statements previously issued for all periods during which common control existed. See “Item 8A: Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.

 

Unaudited Combined Financial and Statistical Information

 

Unless otherwise indicated financial and statistical data included in this Annual Report and identified as “combined” reflect the aggregation of Santiago’s and Old Santander-Chile’s financial condition and results of operation as separately reported under the Chilean GAAP as of the dates and for the periods indicated, without elimination of inter-company balances or transactions and without reflecting merger synergies or expenses. Tables showing this aggregation are provided in “Item 5G: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Reconciliation of Combined Financial and Statistical Information.” There were no material inter-company balances or transactions between Santiago and Old Santander-Chile as of the dates and for the periods for which combined information is provided.

 

7


PART I

 

ITEM 1.    IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

 

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 2.    OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 3.    KEY INFORMATION

 

The following table presents historical financial information about us as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated. The following table should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP and the rules of the Superintendency of Banks, which together differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 28 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the material differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income for the years ended and as of December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 and shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2001 and 2002.

 

Under Chilean GAAP, the merger between Santiago and Old Santander-Chile is accounted for as a “pooling of interest” on a prospective basis. As such, the historical financial statements for periods prior to the merger are not restated under Chilean GAAP. Under U.S. GAAP, the merger between the two banks, which have been under the common control of Banco Santander Central Hispano since May 3, 1999, is accounted for in a manner similar to a pooling of interests under U.S. GAAP. As a consequence of the merger, we are required to restate our previously issued U.S. GAAP historical financial information to retroactively present the financial results for the merged bank as if Santiago and Old Santander-Chile had been combined throughout the periods during which common control existed. Under U.S. GAAP, the reported financial information for periods presented prior to August 3, 1999 reflects book values of Old Santander-Chile. See Note 28(a) to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,

 
     1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    2002

 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31,
2002)(1)
    (in thousands
of U.S.$)(1)(2)
 

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT DATA

                                    

Chilean GAAP:

                                    

Interest revenue

   694,660     585,686     644,025     596,763     1,031,577     1,448,072  

Interest expense

   (473,517 )   (369,140 )   (403,245 )   (336,714 )   (512,131 )   (718,902 )

Net interest revenue

   221,143     216,545     240,780     260,049     519,446     729,170  

Allowances for loan losses

   (40,935 )   (68,964 )   (47,589 )   (47,946 )   (91,207 )   (128,032 )

Net interest revenue after provision for loan losses

   180,208     147,582     193,191     212,103     428,239     601,138  

Total fees and income from services, net

   34,423     34,198     40,584     49,773     102,142     143,382  

Other operating income, net

   8,983     22,467     17,052     12,881     (13,819 )   (19,398 )

Loan loss recoveries

   6,128     8,810     9,355     11,672     25,134     35,282  

Other income and expenses, net

   9,216     9,024     3,182     10,272     (31,957 )   (44,860 )

Operating expenses

   (142,496 )   (155,831 )   (147,659 )   (158,552 )   (286,832 )   (402,639 )

Loss from price-level restatement

   (12,295 )   (7,336 )   (11,973 )   (7,843 )   (13,024 )   (18,283 )

Income before income taxes

   78,039     50,104     94,377     118,634     184,749     259,341  

Income taxes

   (448 )   6,054     (424 )   3,645     (27,434 )   (38,510 )

 

8


     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,

 
     1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    2002

 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002)(1)     (in thousands
of U.S.$)(1)(2)
 

Net income

   77,591     56,159     93,953     122,279     157,315     220,831  

Net income per share

   0.78     0.57     0.95     1.24     0.83     0.00117  

Net income per American Depositary Share(3)

   814.9     589.8     986.7     1,284.2     867.4     1.22  

Dividends per share(4)

   0.63     0.78     0.57     0.95     1.24     0.00174  

Dividends per ADS(4)

   646.7     814.9     589.8     986.7     1,284.2     1.80  

Weighted average shares outstanding (in millions)

   98,934.2     98,934.2     98,934.2     98,934.2     188,446.1     —    

Weighted average shares outstanding (in millions) US GAAP

   89,511.9     155,106.7     188,446.1     188,446.1     188,446.1     —    

U.S. GAAP:

                                    

Net interest income (5)

   172,099     353,481     434,322     479,300     515,707     723,921  

Provision for loan losses

   (34,544 )   85,595     (56,644 )   (71,629 )   (66,150 )   92,858  

Amortization of goodwill

   13,695     29,667     40,119     40,150     —       —    

Long-term borrowings

   1,402,487     3,315,124     3,062,309     3,730,767     3,092,171     4,340,620  

Net income

   22,593     65,949     134,554     159,469     138,128     193,897  

Net income per Share(6)

   0.25     0.43     0.71     0.85     0.73     0.00103  

Net income per ADS (6)

   262.2     441.8     741.8     879.2     761.6     1.07  

Weighted average ADS outstanding (in millions) US GAAP

   86.152     149.285     181.377     181.377     181.377     —    

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA

                                    

Chilean GAAP:

                                    

Cash and due from banks

   548,287     372,187     531,255     572,051     978,234     1,373,193  

Investments (7)

   542,232     761,558     587,644     972,342     2,499,378     3,508,492  

Loans net of allowances

   4,836,429     4,624,433     4,763,882     5,091,569     7,699,097     10,807,572  

Loan loss allowances

   (66,795 )   (95,289 )   (91,939 )   (97,263 )   (167,654 )   (235,344 )

Other assets

   255,711     256,090     327,758     325,083     483,758     679,075  

Total assets (5)

   6,182,658     6,014,268     6,210,539     6,961,045     11,660,467     16,368,332  

Deposits

   3,215,418     3,201,495     3,231,161     3,579,244     6,083,909     8,540,260  

Other interest-bearing liabilities

   1,956,417     1,896,107     2,034,843     2,331,958     3,921,207     5,504,378  

Shareholders’ equity

   505,006     484,212     525,464     554,943     963,205     1,352,096  

U.S. GAAP:

                                    

Total assets

   4,493,774     10,960,939     10,511,824     11,993,076     11,336,297     15,913,272  

Shareholders’ equity (8)

   588,831     1,393,352     1,424,084     1,412,076     1,788,694     2,510,871  

Goodwill

   213,827     598,599     558,449     518,299     736,723     1,034,171  
     As of for the Year Ended December 31,

 
     1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

 

CONSOLIDATED RATIOS

                              

Chilean GAAP:

                              

Profitability and Performance

                              

Net interest margin(9)

   4.1 %   3.9 %   4.6 %   4.5 %   4.8 %

Return on average total assets(10)

   1.3 %   0.9 %   1.6 %   1.9 %   1.3 %

Return on average shareholders’ equity(11)

   15.9 %   12.2 %   19.8 %   23.2 %   16.2 %

Capital

                              

Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets

   8.0 %   7.4 %   8.1 %   8.1 %   8.3 %

Total liabilities as a multiple of shareholders’ equity

   11.2     11.4     10.8     11.5     11.1  

Credit Quality

                              

Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans

   2.3 %   3.5 %   2.4 %   2.1 %   3.2 %

Allowance for loans losses as percentage of total loans

   1.4 %   2.0 %   1.9 %   1.9 %   2.1 %

 

9


     As of for the Year Ended December 31,

     1998

     1999

     2000

     2001

     2002

Past due loans as a percentage of total loans (13)

   1.1%      1.3%      1.3%      1.3%      2.1%

Operating Ratios

                                

Operating expenses/operating revenue(14)

   53.9%      57.0%      49.5%      49.1%      47.2%

Operating expenses/average total assets

   2.3%      2.5%      2.5%      2.4%      2.4%

U.S. GAAP:

                                

Profitability and Performance

                                

Net interest margin(15)

   4.2%      3.5%      4.4%      4.5%      4.7%

Return on average total assets(16)

   0.5%      0.7%      1.2%      1.4%      1.2%

Return on average shareholders’ equity(17)

   3.8%      5.4%      10.1%      11.7%      8.6%

OTHER DATA

                                

Inflation Rate(18)

   4.7%      2.3%      4.5%      2.6%      2.8%

Revaluation (Devaluation) Rate (Ch$/U.S.$) at period end(19)

   7.7%      11.4%      8.5%      14.6%      8.6%

Number of employees at period end(21)

   4,881      4,747      4,772      4,489      8,314

Number of branches and offices at period end

   161      162      167      169      347

Note: n/a = not applicable.

 

(1)   Except per share data, percentages and ratios, share amounts and employee numbers.

 

(2)   Amounts stated in U.S. dollars as of and for the year ended December 31, 2002 have been translated from Chilean pesos at the observed exchange rate of Ch$712.38 = U.S.$1.00 as of December 28, 2002. See “Item 3: Key Information—Exchange Rates” for more information on the observed exchange rate.

 

(3)   1 ADS = 1,039 shares of common stock.

 

(4)   The dividends per share of common stock and per ADS are determined based on the previous year’s net income. The dividend per ADS is calculated on the basis of 1,039 shares per ADS.

 

(5)   Net interest income and total assets on a U.S. GAAP basis have been determined by applying the relevant U.S. GAAP adjustments to net interest income presented in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation S-X but calculated on a Chilean GAAP basis (see Notes 23 and 27 to our financial statements).

 

(6)   Net income per share in accordance with U.S. GAAP has been calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding at the end of the period.

 

(7)   Includes principally Chilean government securities, corporate securities, other financial investments and investment collateral under agreements to repurchase.

 

(8)   Shareholders’ equity as of December 31 of each year.

 

(9)   Net interest revenue divided by average interest earning assets (as presented in “Item 5: Selected Statistical Information”).

 

(10)   Net income divided by average total assets (as presented in “Item 5: Selected Statistical Information”).

 

(11)   Net income divided by average shareholders’ equity (as presented in “Item 5: Selected Statistical Information”).

 

(12)   Non-performing loans consist of nonaccrual loans and restructured loans earning no interest. Pursuant to regulations of the Superintendency of Banks, we cease to accrue interest on a loan as soon as it becomes overdue as to any payment of principal or interest.

 

(13)   Past due loans are loans that are 90 days or more overdue.

 

(14)   Operating revenue includes “Net interest revenue,” “Total fees and income from services, net” and “Other operating income, net.”

 

10


(15)   Net interest margin on a U.S. GAAP basis has been determined by applying the relevant U.S. GAAP adjustments to net interest income presented in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation S-X but calculated on a Chilean GAAP basis. See Notes 23 and 27 to our financial statements.

 

(16)   Net income divided by average total assets. Average total assets were calculated as an average of the beginning and ending balance for each year, and total assets on a U.S. GAAP basis has been determined by applying the relevant U.S. GAAP adjustments to total assets presented in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation S-X. See Note 28 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

(17)   Average shareholders’ equity was calculated as an average of the beginning and ending balance for each year. Shareholders’ equity on a U.S. GAAP basis has been determined by applying the relevant U.S. GAAP adjustments to shareholders’ equity presented in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation S-X. See Note 28 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

(18)   Based on information published by the Central Bank.

 

(19)   The number of employees presented in this table for the years 1998-2001 are those of Santiago only, excluding subsidiaries, because consolidated employee information is not available for all years presented. The figure for 2002 is consolidated.

 

11


Exchange Rates

 

Chile has two currency markets, the Mercado Cambiario Formal, or the Formal Exchange Market and the Mercado Cambiario Informal, or the Informal Exchange Market. Under the Central Bank Act, the Central Bank determines which purchases and sales of foreign currencies must be carried out in the Formal Exchange Market. Pursuant to Central Bank regulations which are currently in effect, all payments, remittances or transfers of foreign exchange abroad which are required to be effected through the Formal Exchange Market may be effected with foreign currency procured outside the Formal Exchange Market. The Formal Exchange Market is comprised of the banks and other entities so authorized by the Central Bank. The conversion from pesos to U.S. dollars of all payments and distributions with respect to the ADSs described in this Annual Report must be transacted at the spot market rate in the Formal Exchange Market. Current regulations require that the Central Bank be informed of certain transactions and that they be effected through the Formal Exchange Market.

 

The reference exchange rate for the Formal Exchange Market is reset daily by the Central Bank, taking internal and external inflation into account, and is adjusted daily to reflect variations in parities between the peso and each of the U.S. dollar, the Euro and the Japanese yen. The observed exchange rate for a given date is the average exchange rate of the transactions conducted in the Formal Exchange Market on the immediately preceding banking day, as certified by the Central Bank.

 

Until August 1999, authorized transactions by banks were generally transacted within a certain band above or below the reference exchange rate. In order to maintain the average exchange rate within such limits, the Central Bank intervened by selling and buying foreign currencies on the Formal Exchange Market.

 

On September 2, 1999, the Central Bank eliminated the exchange rate band as an instrument of exchange rate policy, introducing more flexibility to the exchange market. The Central Bank announced it will intervene in the exchange market only in special and qualified cases.

 

Purchases and sales of foreign currencies which may be effected outside the Formal Exchange Market can be carried out in the Informal Exchange Market. The Informal Exchange Market reflects transactions carried out at informal exchange rates by entities not expressly authorized to operate in the Formal Exchange Market, such as certain foreign exchange houses and travel agencies. There are no limits imposed on the extent to which the rate of exchange in the Informal Exchange Market can fluctuate above or below the observed exchange rate. On December 31, 2002, the average exchange rate in the Informal Exchange Market was approximately the same as the published observed exchange rate for such date of Ch$712.38 per U.S.$1.00.

 

The following table sets forth the annual low, high, average and period-end observed exchange rate for U.S. dollars for each of the following periods, as reported by the Central Bank.

 

     Daily Observed Exchange Rate Ch$ Per U.S.$(1)

Year


   Low(2)

   High(2)

   Average(3)

   Period End

1998

   439.18    475.41    460.29    473.77

1999

   468.69    550.93    508.78    527.70

2000

   501.04    580.37    539.49    572.68

2001

   557.13    716.62    634.94    656.20

2002

   641.75    756.56    689.24    712.38

Month


                   

December 2002

   692.94    712.38    701.95    712.38

January 2003

   709.22    738.87    722.48    734.34

February 2003

   733.10    755.26    745.21    753.54

March 2003

   725.49    758.21    743.28    727.36

April 2003

   705.32    731.56    718.25    705.32

May 2003

   694.22    712.22    703.53    710.12

June 2003(4)

   705.24    716.86    712.16    705.95

Source: Central Bank.

 

12


(1)   Nominal figures.

 

(2)   Exchange rates are the actual low and high, on a day-by-day basis for each period.

 

(3)   The average of monthly average rates during the year.

 

(4)   As of June 19, 2003.

 

Dividends

 

Under the current General Banking Law, a Chilean bank may only pay a single dividend per year (i.e., interim dividends are not permitted), Santander-Chile’s annual dividend is proposed by its Board of Directors and is approved by the shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting held the following year with respect to which the dividend is proposed. Following shareholder approval, the proposed dividend is declared and paid. Historically, the dividend for a particular year has been declared and paid no later than May of the following year. Dividends are paid to shareholders of record on the fifth day preceding the date set for payment of the dividend. The applicable record dated for the payment of dividends to holders of ADSs will, to the extent practicable, be the same.

 

Under the Chilean Companies Law, Chilean companies are generally required to distribute at least 30% of their earnings (calculated in accordance with Chilean GAAP) as dividends, but a bank is permitted to distribute less than 30% of its earnings, and may distribute no dividends at all, in any given year if the holders of at least two thirds of the bank’s outstanding shares of common stock so determine. The balances of Santander-Chile’s distributable net income is generally retained for use in Santander-Chile’s business (including for the maintenance of any required legal reserves). Although Santander-Chile’s Board of Directors currently intends to pay regular annual dividends, the amount of dividend payments will depend upon, among other factors, Santander-Chile’s then current level of earnings, capital and legal reserve requirements, as well as market conditions, and there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of future dividends.

 

Dividends payable to holders of ADSs are net of foreign currency conversion expenses of the depositary and will be subject to the Chilean withholding tax currently at the rate of 35% (subject to credits in certain cases as described in “Taxation”). Owners of the ADSs will not be charged any dividend remittance fees by the Depositary with respect to cash or stock dividends. See Item 10E: Taxation.”

 

Under the Foreign Investment Contract (as defined herein), the Depositary, on behalf of ADS holders, is granted access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert cash dividends from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars and to pay such U.S. dollars to ADS holders outside Chile, net of taxes, and no separate registration by ADR holders is required. In the past, Chilean law required that holders of shares of Chilean companies who were not residents of Chile to register as foreign investors under one of the foreign investment regimes contemplated by Chilean law in order to have dividends, sale proceeds or other amounts with respect to their shares remitted outside Chile through the Formal Exchange Market. On April 19, 2001 the Central Bank deregulated the Exchange Market eliminating the need to obtain approval from the Central Bank in order to remit dividends, but at the same time this eliminated the possibility of accessing the Formal Exchange market. These changes do not affect the current Foreign Investment Contract which was signed prior to April 19, 2001 which grants access to the Formal Exchange Market with prior approval of the Central Bank. See Item 10D: Exchange Controls.

 

The following table presents dividends paid by us in nominal terms:

 

Year


   Dividend
MCh$ (1)


   Per share
Ch$/share (2)


   Per ADR (3)

   % over
earnings


 

2000

   50,529    0.51    530.65    100.0 %

2001

   88,510    0.89    929.53    100.0  

2002

   118,764    1.20    1,247.25    100.0  

2003

   157,315    0.83    867.4    100.0  

(1)   Million of nominal pesos.

 

(2)   Calculated on the basis of 98,934 million shares for 2000, 2001 and 2002 and 188,446 million shares for 2003.

 

13


(3)   Calculated on the basis of 1,039 shares per ADS.

 

The following table presents dividends paid by Old Santander-Chile in the three years prior to the merger.

 

Year


   Dividend
MCh$ (1)


     Per share
Ch$/share (2)


     Per ADR (3)

     % over
earnings


 

2000

   40,742      1.61      353.49      75.0 %

2001

   47,406      1.88      414.05      60.0  

2002

   92,093      3.66      804.35      100.0  

(1)   Million of nominal pesos.

 

(2)   Calculated on the basis of 25,188 million shares.

 

(3)   Calculated on the basis of 220 shares per ADS.

 

14


B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

 

Not applicable

 

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

 

Not applicable

 

D. Risk Factors

 

You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as all the other information presented in this Annual Report before investing in securities issued by us. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we do not know about or that we currently think are immaterial may also impair our business operations. Any of the following risks, if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.

 

We are subject to market risks that are presented both in this subsection and in “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

 

Risks Associated with the Merger

 

We may fail to recognize the contemplated benefits of the merger

 

The value of our securities could be adversely affected to the extent we fail to realize the benefits we hope to achieve from the integration of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile, in particular, cost savings arising from integration of the two banks’ operations. We may fail to realize these projected cost savings in the time frame we anticipate or at all due to a variety of factors, including our inability to carry out anticipated headcount reductions, the integration of our back office operations or delays or obstacles in the integration of our systems. It is possible that the merger could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of our ongoing business and inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies between the two former banks. Moreover, the success of the merger will at least in part be subject to a number of political, economic and other factors that are beyond our control.

 

The merger may affect our access to funding from Chilean pension funds (AFPs)

 

Chilean regulations impose restrictions on the share of assets that an AFP may allocate to a single issuer, which is currently fixed at 7% (including any securities issued by the issuer and any bank deposits with the issuer). As a result of the merger, the deposits and investments of several AFPs, which had separately invested in Old Santander-Chile and Santiago prior to the merger, in the aggregate currently exceed by half a percentage point (approximately Ch$973,909 million (US$1.3 billion)) the maximum exposure allowed by Chilean regulations. This excess aggregate exposure represents 8.1% of our total liabilities at March 2003. We expect the AFPs that currently exceed their exposure limit to gradually reduce their excess exposure to us (by reducing the deposits they maintain with us and the level of their investments in our securities) during the next three years. AFPs have until August 2005 to return to the investment limits imposed by Chilean regulations. We cannot assure you that this reduction will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

As the AFPs reduce their exposure to us, we may need to seek alternative sources of funding which could be more expensive and, as a consequence, may negatively impact our margins, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our expected market share loss may exceed our projections

 

Based on our prior experience with full service bank mergers in Chile, we expect the integration of operations to cause a loss in our market share of between one and four percentage points of market share, principally due to over-exposure of certain corporate customers, overlapping of clients and disruptions in client services. There can be no assurance that our actual market share loss will not exceed our projections. A market share loss in excess of two percentage points could adversely affect our market positioning, financial results and results of operations.

 

15


Risks Associated with Our Business

 

Increased competition and industry consolidation may adversely affect results of our operations

 

The Chilean market for financial services is highly competitive. We compete with other Chilean private sector domestic and foreign banks, with Banco del Estado, a public-sector bank, with finance companies and with large department stores that make consumer loans to a large portion of the Chilean population. The lower-middle to middle income segments of the Chilean population and the small and medium-sized corporate segments have become the target markets of several banks, and competition in these segments is likely to increase. As a result, net interest margins in these segments are likely to decline. Although we believe that demand for financial products and services from the lower-middle to middle income market segments and for small and medium-sized companies will continue to grow during the remainder of the decade, we cannot assure you that net interest margins will be maintained at their current levels.

 

We also face competition from non-bank and non-finance competitors (principally department stores) with respect to some of our credit products, such as credit cards and consumer loans. In addition, we face competition from non-bank finance competitors, such as leasing, factoring and automobile finance companies, with respect to credit products, and mutual funds, pension funds and insurance companies, with respect to savings products. Currently, banks continue to be the main suppliers of leasing, factoring and mutual funds, and the insurance sales business has seen rapid growth.

 

The increase in competition within the Chilean banking industry in recent years has led to, among other things, consolidation in the industry. For example, in January 2002 Banco de Chile and Banco de A. Edwards, the third and fifth largest banks in Chile respectively, merged to become the largest Chilean bank at that time. We expect the trends of increased competition and consolidation to continue and result in the formation of new large financial groups. Consolidation, which can result in the creation of larger and stronger competitors, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations by decreasing the net interest margins we are able to generate. In addition, the recently enacted Law No. 19,769 allows insurance companies to participate and compete with us in the residential mortgage business.

 

Banco Santander Central Hispano controls a significant percentage of our share capital and exercises significant influence over board decisions

 

Banco Santander Central Hispano owns approximately 84.137% of our outstanding ordinary shares, which gives it the power to elect a majority of our board of directors and to determine the outcome of most matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including matters that could affect our duration and existence.

 

We currently engage in, and expect from time to time in the future to engage in, financial and commercial transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates of Banco Santander Central Hispano. Among other transactions, we may, from time to time, have credit lines and outstandings with Banco Santander Central Hispano and its affiliated financial institutions around the world. As of December 31, 2002 we have no outstanding loan amounts with Santander Central Hispano. In addition, from time to time, in the normal course of business and on prevailing market terms, we enter into certain transactions with Banco Santander Central Hispano and other related parties for the provision of advisory and advertising services and for the rental of real estate. For additional information concerning our transactions with affiliates and other related parties, see Note 16 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. While we believe that such transactions in the past have generally had a beneficial effect on us, no assurances can be given that any such transaction, or combination of transactions, will not have a material adverse effect on us in the future.

 

Our exposure to individuals and small businesses could lead to higher levels of past due loans and subsequent write-offs

 

A substantial number of our customers consists of individuals (approximately 35.4% of the value of the total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2002) and, to a lesser extent, small companies (those with annual sales of less than US$1.1 million) which comprised approximately 11.8% of the value of the total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2002. As part of our business strategy, we seek to increase lending and other services to small companies and

 

16


individuals. Small companies and individuals are, however, more likely to be adversely affected by downturns in the Chilean economy than large corporations and high-income individuals. Consequently, in the future we may experience higher levels of past due loans, which could result in higher provisions for loan losses. In 1997, the Superintendency of Banks increased the level of provisions required for consumer loans (including loans to high income individuals) due to concerns regarding the levels of consumer indebtedness and vulnerability of the banking sector in an economic downturn. There can be no assurance that the levels of past due loans and subsequent write-offs will not be materially higher in the future.

 

Our results of operations are affected by interest rate volatility

 

Our results of operation depend to a great extent on our net interest revenue. In 2002, net interest revenue represented 85.5% of our operating income. Changes in market interest rates could affect the interest rates earned on our interest-earning assets differently from the interest rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities leading to a reduction in our net interest revenue. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including the reserve policies of the Central Bank, deregulation of the financial sector in Chile, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors. Any volatility in interest rates could adversely affect our business, our future financial performance and the price of our securities. Over the period from December 31, 1998 to December 31, 2002, yields on the Chilean government’s 90 day note as reported on those dates moved from 13.49% to 2.88%, decreasing every year, with a high of 8.69% and low of 6.14% in the twelve months ended December 31, 2001, and a high of 6.00% and a low of 2.87% in the twelve months ended December 31, 2002.

 

The growth of our loan portfolio may expose us to increased loan losses

 

From December 31, 1997 to December 31, 2002, our aggregate loan portfolio (on an unconsolidated combined basis) grew by 19.5% in nominal terms to Ch$7,731,346 million, while our consumer loan portfolio grew by 18.0% in nominal terms to Ch$709,522 million, each calculated in accordance with the loan classification system of the Superintendency of Banks. On a historical basis, during the same period, our aggregate loan portfolio grew by 75.0%, while our consumer loan portfolio grew by 137.8% in nominal terms. Because the method of classification of loans used by the Superintendency of Banks for its public information differs in minor respects from that used by us for internal accounting purposes, the foregoing figures may differ from the figures included in our financial statements. The further expansion of our loan portfolio (particularly in the consumer and real estate segments) can be expected to expose us to a higher level of loan losses and require us to establish higher levels of provisions for loan losses.

 

Our loan portfolio may not continue to grow at the same rate

 

There can be no assurance that in the future our loan portfolio will continue to grow at the same or similar rates as the historical growth rate of that previously experienced by Santiago or Old Santander-Chile. Due to the economic slowdown in Chile in recent years and the recession of 1999, loan demand has not been as strong as it was in the mid 1990s. Average loan growth has, however, remained significant in the last five years. According to the Superintendency of Banks, from December 31, 1997 to December 31, 2002, the aggregate amount of loans outstanding in the Chilean banking system (on an unconsolidated basis) grew 41.8% in nominal terms to Ch$31,674,779 million as of December 31, 2002. A reversal of the rate of growth of the Chilean economy could adversely affect the rate of growth of our loan portfolio and our risk index and, accordingly, increase our required reserves for loan losses.

 

Risks Relating to Chile

 

Our growth and profitability depend on the level of economic activity in Chile and other emerging markets

 

A substantial amount of our loans are to borrowers doing business in Chile. Accordingly, the recoverability of these loans in particular, our ability to increase the amount of loans outstanding and our results of operations and financial condition in general, are dependent to a significant extent on the level of economic activity in Chile. The Chilean economy has been influenced, to varying degrees, by economic conditions in other emerging market countries. We cannot assure you that the Chilean economy will continue to grow in the future or that future developments in or affecting the Chilean economy, including further consequences of continuing economic

 

17


difficulties in Brazil, Argentina and other emerging markets, will not materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

According to data published by the Central Bank, the Chilean economy contracted at a rate of 0.8% in 1999 and grew at a rate of 4.2% in 2000, 3.1% in 2001 and 2.1% in 2002. The lower economic growth prevailing in 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 have adversely affected the overall asset quality of the Chilean banking system and that of our own portfolios. According to information published by the Superintendency of Banks, the unconsolidated risk index of the Chilean financial system as a whole increased from 1.98% as of October 31, 1999, to 2.08% as of October 2000, but decreased to 1.90% as of October 2001 and was 2.00% as of February 28, 2003, the latest figure available. Our consolidated risk index as of March 31, 2003 was 1.84%. Our results of operations and financial condition could also be affected by changes in economic or other policies of the Chilean government, which has exercised and continues to exercise a substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector, or other political or economic developments in Chile.

 

Although economic conditions are different in each country, investors’ reactions to developments in one country may affect the securities of issuers in other countries, including Chile. For instance, the devaluation of the Mexican peso in December 1994 set off an economic crisis in Mexico that negatively affected the market value of securities in many countries throughout Latin America. The crisis in the Asian markets, beginning in July 1997, resulted in sharp devaluations of other Asian currencies and negatively affected markets throughout Asia, as well as in many markets in Latin America, including Chile. Similar adverse consequences resulted from the 1998 crisis in Russia and the devaluation of the Brazilian real in 1999. In part due to the Asian and Russian crises, the Chilean stock market declined significantly in 1998 to levels equivalent to 1994.

 

The economic problems being encountered by Argentina and Brazil may have an adverse effect on the Chilean economy and on our results of operations and the market value of our securities, including the notes

 

We are directly exposed to risks related to the weakness in the Argentine and Brazilian economies. As of December 31, 2002, approximately 1.3% and 0.7% of our loan portfolio was comprised of loans to Argentine and Brazilian companies, respectively. A continued recession in Argentina and continuing political uncertainty in Brazil may result in higher allowances for loan losses.

 

Argentina’s insolvency and recent default on its public debt, which deepened the existing financial, economic and political crises in that country, could adversely affect Chile, the market value of our securities, or our business. If Argentina’s economic environment continues to deteriorate or does not improve, the economy in Chile, as both a neighboring country and a trading partner, could also be affected and could experience slower growth than in recent years.

 

Our business could be affected by political uncertainty in Brazil. This could result in the need for us to increase our loan allowances, thus affecting our financial results, our results of operations and the price of our securities (including the notes).

 

Securities prices of Chilean companies including banks are, to varying degrees, influenced by economic and market considerations in other emerging market countries and by the US economy. We cannot assure you that the Argentine economic crisis and the political uncertainty in Brazil will not have an adverse effect on Chile, the price of our securities, or our business.

 

Currency fluctuations could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of our securities

 

The Chilean government’s economic policies and any future changes in the value of the Chilean peso against the US dollar could affect the dollar value of our securities. The peso has been subject to large devaluations in the past and could be subject to significant fluctuations in the future. In the period from December 31, 1997 to December 31, 2002, the value of the Chilean peso relative to the US dollar decreased approximately 62.0%, as compared to an 8.8% decrease in value in the period from December 31, 1994 to December 31, 1997. The observed exchange rate on December 31, 2002 was Ch$712.38 = US$1.00, reflecting a depreciation of 8.6% in the year 2002. Our results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates between the peso and the dollar

 

18


despite our policy and Chilean regulations relating to the general avoidance of material exchange rate mismatches. In order to avoid material exchange rate mismatches, we enter into forward exchange transactions. As of December 31, 2002, our foreign currency denominated liabilities and Chilean peso-denominated liabilities that contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates exceeded our foreign currency denominated assets and Chilean peso-denominated assets that contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates by Ch$11,396 million (US$16.0 million).

 

We may decide to change our policy regarding exchange rate mismatches. Regulations that limit such mismatches may also be amended or eliminated. Greater exchange rate mismatches will increase our exposure to the devaluation of the peso, and any such devaluation may impair our capacity to service foreign-currency obligations and may, therefore, materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation. Notwithstanding the existence of general policies and regulations that limit material exchange rate mismatches, the economic policies of the Chilean government and any future fluctuations of the peso against the dollar could affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Inflation could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations

 

Although Chilean inflation has moderated in recent years, Chile has experienced high levels of inflation in the past. High levels of inflation in Chile could adversely affect the Chilean economy and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and, indirectly, the value of our securities (including the notes). The following table shows the annual rate of inflation (as measured by changes in the Chilean consumer price index and as reported by the Chilean National Institute of Statistics during the last five years ended December 31). There can be no assurance that Chilean inflation will not change significantly from the current level.

 

Year


   Inflation (CPI)

1998

   4.7

1999

   2.3

2000

   4.5

2001

   2.6

2002

   2.8

Source: Chilean National Institute of Statistics

    

 

There can be no assurance that our operating results will not be adversely affected by changing levels of inflation, or that Chilean inflation will not change significantly from the current level.

 

Banking regulations may restrict our operations and thereby adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations

 

We are subject to regulation by the Superintendency of Banks. In addition, we are subject to regulation by the Central Bank with regard to certain matters, including interest rates and foreign exchange. During the Chilean financial crisis of 1982 and 1983, the Central Bank and the Superintendency of Banks strictly controlled the funding, lending and general business matters of the banking industry in Chile.

 

Pursuant to the Ley General de Bancos, Decreto con Fuerza de Ley No. 3 de 1997, or the General Banking Law, all Chilean banks may, subject to the approval of the Superintendency of Banks, engage in certain businesses other than commercial banking depending on the risk associated with such business and the financial strength of the bank. Such additional businesses include securities brokerage, mutual fund management, securitization, insurance brokerage, leasing, factoring, financial advisory, custody and transportation of securities, loan’s collection and financial services. The General Banking Law also applies to the Chilean banking system a modified version of the capital adequacy guidelines issued by the Basle Committee on Banking Regulation and Supervisory Practices and limits the discretion of the Superintendency of Banks to deny new banking licenses. There can be no assurance that regulators will not in the future impose more restrictive limitations on the activities of banks, including us, than those currently in effect. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

 

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Historically, Chilean banks have not paid interest on amounts deposited in checking accounts. However, on February 28, 2002, the Central Bank amended the applicable regulations in order to allow banks to pay interest on checking accounts beginning on June 1, 2002, at an interest rate that may not exceed 4% per annum until May 31, 2003. Currently, there are no restrictions applicable after May 31, 2003 on the interest that may be paid on checking accounts. We have begun to pay interest on some checking accounts under certain conditions. If competition or other factors lead us to pay higher interest rates on checking accounts, to relax the conditions under which we pay interest or to increase the number of checking accounts on which we pay interest, any such change could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

 

Chile has different corporate disclosure and accounting standards than those you may be familiar with in the United States

 

The accounting, financial reporting and securities disclosure requirements in Chile differ from those in the United States. Accordingly, the information about us available to you will not be the same as the information available to shareholders of a US company.

 

There are also important differences between Chilean and US accounting and financial reporting standards. As a result, Chilean financial statements and reported earnings generally differ from those reported based on US accounting and reporting standards.

 

As a regulated financial institution, we are required to submit to the Superintendency of Banks unaudited unconsolidated balance sheets and income statements, excluding any note disclosure, prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP and the rules of the Superintendency of Banks on a monthly basis. This information is made public by the Superintendency of Banks within approximately three months of receipt. The Superintendency of Banks also makes summary financial information available within three weeks of receipt. Such disclosure differs in a number of significant respects from information generally available in the United States with respect to US financial institutions.

 

The securities laws of Chile, which govern open or publicly listed companies such as us, have as a principal objective promoting disclosure of all material corporate information to the public. Chilean disclosure requirements, however, differ from those in the United States in some important respects. In addition, although Chilean law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, applicable Chilean laws are different from those in the United States and in certain respects the Chilean securities markets are not as highly regulated and supervised as the US securities markets.

 

Chile imposes controls on foreign investment and repatriation of investments that may affect your investment in, and earnings from, our ADSs.

 

Equity investments in Chile by persons who are not Chilean residents have generally been subject to various exchange control regulations which restrict the repatriation of the investments and earnings therefrom. In April 2001, the Central Bank eliminated the regulations that affected foreign investors except that investors are still required to provide the Central Bank with information related to equity investments and conduct such operations within Chile’s Formal Exchange Market. The ADSs are subject to a contract, dated May 17, 1994, among the depositary, us and the Central Bank that remains in full force and effect. The ADSs continue to be governed by the provisions of such contract subject to the regulations in existence prior to April 2001. The contract grants the depositary and the holders of the ADSs access to the Formal Exchange Market, which permits the depositary to remit dividends it receives from us to the holders of the ADSs. The contract also permits ADS holders to repatriate the proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock withdrawn from the ADS facility, or that have been received free of payment as a consequence of spin-offs, mergers, capital increases, wind-ups, share dividends or preemptive rights transfers, enabling them to acquire the foreign currency necessary to repatriate earnings from such investments. Pursuant to Chilean law, the contract cannot be amended unilaterally by the Central Bank, and there are judicial precedents (although not binding with respect to future judicial decisions) indicating that contracts of this type may not be abrogated by future legislative changes or agreements of the board of directors of the Central Bank. Holders of shares of our common stock, except for shares of our common stock withdrawn from the ADS facility or received in the manner described above, are not entitled to the benefits of the contract, may not have

 

20


access to the Formal Exchange Market, and may have restrictions on their ability to repatriate investments in shares of our common stock and earnings therefrom.

 

Owners of ADSs are entitled to receive dividends on the underlying shares to the same extent as the holders of shares. Dividends received by holders of ADSs will be paid net of foreign currency exchange fees and expenses of the depositary and will be subject to Chilean withholding tax, currently imposed at a rate of 35.0% (subject to credits in certain cases). If for any reason, including changes in Chilean law, the depositary were unable to convert Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars, investors would receive dividends and other distributions, if any, in Chilean pesos.

 

We cannot assure you that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to holders of our ADSs, the disposition of the shares underlying them or the repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition or the payment of dividends will not be imposed in the future, nor can we advise you as to the duration or impact of such restrictions if imposed.

 

Risks Relating to our ADSs

 

There may be a lack of liquidity and market for our shares and ADSs.

 

The ADSs are listed and traded on the NYSE. The common stock is listed and traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Chile Electronic Stock Exchange and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange, which we refer to collectively as the Chilean Stock Exchanges, although the trading market for the common stock is small by international standards. As of December 31, 2002, we had 188,446,126,794 shares of common stock outstanding. The Chilean securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than major securities markets in the United States. According to Article 14 of the Ley de Mercado de Valores, Ley No. 18,045, or the Chilean Securities Market Law, the Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, or the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, may suspend the offer, quotation or trading of shares of any company listed on one or more Chilean Stock Exchanges for up to 30 days if, in its opinion, such suspension is necessary to protect investors or is justified for reasons of public interest. Such suspension may be extended for up to 120 days. If, at the expiration of the extension, the circumstances giving rise to the original suspension have not changed, the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance will then cancel the relevant listing in the registry of securities. In addition, the Santiago Stock Exchange may inquire as to any movement in the price of any securities in excess of 10.0% and suspend trading in such securities for a day if it deems necessary.

 

Although the common stock is traded on the Chilean Stock Exchanges, there can be no assurance that a liquid trading market for the common stock will continue. Approximately 15.9% of our outstanding common stock was held by the public (i.e., shareholders other than Banco Santander Central Hispano). A limited trading market in general and our concentrated ownership in particular may impair the ability of an ADS holder to sell in the Chilean market shares of common stock obtained upon withdrawal of such shares from the ADR facility in the amount and at the price and time such holder desires, and could increase the volatility of the price of the ADSs.

 

You may be unable to exercise preemptive rights.

 

The Ley Sobre Sociedades Anónimas, Ley No. 18,046 and the Reglamento de Sociedades Anónimas, which we refer to collectively as the Chilean Corporations Law, and applicable regulations require that whenever we issue new common stock for cash, we grant preemptive rights to all of our shareholders (including holders of ADSs), giving them the right to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. Such an offering would not be possible unless a registration statement under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, were effective with respect to such rights and common stock or an exemption from the registration requirements thereunder were available.

 

Since we are not obligated to elect to make a registration statement available with respect to such rights and the common stock, you may not be able to exercise your preemptive rights. If a registration statement is not filed or an applicable exemption is not available, the depositary will sell such holders’ preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds thereof if a premium can be recognized over the cost of any such sale.

 

21


You may have fewer and less well defined shareholders’ rights than with shares of a company in the United States.

 

Our corporate affairs are governed by our estatutos, or bylaws, and the laws of Chile. Under such laws, our shareholders may have fewer or less well-defined rights than they might have as shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction. For example, under legislation applicable to Chilean banks, our shareholders would not be entitled to appraisal rights in the event of a merger or other business combination undertaken by us.

 

22


ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

 

A.    History and Development of the Company

 

Overview

 

We were formed on August 1, 2002 by the merger of two leading Chilean banks, Santiago and Old Santander-Chile, both of which were subsidiaries of our controlling shareholder, Banco Santander Central Hispano. We are the largest bank in Chile in terms of total assets, total deposits, loans and shareholder’s equity. As of December 31, 2002, we had total assets of Ch$11,660,467 million (US$16,368 million), loans net of allowances outstanding of Ch$7,699,097 million (US$10,807 million) deposits of Ch$6,083,909 million (US$8,540 million) and shareholders’ equity of Ch$963,205 million (US$1,352 million).

 

As of December 31, 2002 we employed 8,314 people and had the largest branch network in Chile with 347 branches. Our headquarters are located in Santiago and we operate in every major regional sector in Chile.

 

We provide a broad range of commercial and retail banking services to our customers. Among the products we offer are Chilean peso and foreign currency denominated loans to finance a variety of commercial transactions, trade financing, foreign currency forward contracts, credit lines and a variety of retail banking services, including mortgage financing. We seek to offer our customers a wide range of products while providing high levels of service. In addition to our traditional banking operations, we offer a variety of financial services including financial leasing, financial advisory services, mutual fund management, securities brokerage, insurance brokerage and investment management.

 

Prior to the merger, Santiago was the most profitable bank in Chile in terms of return on equity among the five largest Chilean banks in terms of shareholders’ equity, which we consider our peer group, while Old Santander-Chile had the best efficiency ratio within the same peer group. Santiago had the largest market share in terms of loans in the middle segment (middle to upper-income retail) while Old Santander-Chile had the largest such market share in the corporate and low- to middle-income segments. We believe the complementary strengths of the two banks give us the ability to compete effectively across all segments.

 

Old Santander-Chile was established as a subsidiary of Banco Santander Central Hispano in 1978. In 1982, Old Santander-Chile acquired a significant portion of the assets and liabilities of Banco Español-Chile, a domestic bank that had become insolvent. In July 1996, Old Santander-Chile was merged into Banco Osorno y la Unión becoming “Banco Santander-Chile”, the third largest private bank in terms of outstanding loans at that date. The combined efficiency ratio of the merged bank decreased from 63.1% on a combined basis as of year-end 1995 to 44.5% as of year-end 2001.

 

Santiago was founded in 1977 and by 1982 had become the second largest private sector Chilean bank in terms of outstanding loans. In January 1997, Santiago merged with Banco O’Higgins with Santiago being the surviving entity. In 1999, Santiago became a controlled subsidiary of Banco Santander Central Hispano. As of June 30, 2002, Santiago was the second largest private sector bank in Chile in terms of total assets, deposits, loans and shareholders’ equity. Following the merger with Banco O’Higgins, the combined efficiency ratio of the merged bank decreased to 49.1% as of year-end 2001 from 56.9% on a combined basis as of year-end 1996.

 

We believe that the expertise gained in the above mergers will help us to effectively consolidate the operations of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile and reduce the operational costs of the merged bank.

 

Relationship with Banco Santander Central Hispano

 

We believe that our relationship with our controlling shareholder, Banco Santander Central Hispano, offers us a significant competitive advantage over our peer Chilean banks. Banco Santander Central Hispano is one of the largest financial groups in Latin America, in terms of total assets measured on a region-wide basis, and a leading financial institution in Europe. Banco Santander Central Hispano’s principal operations are in Spain, Portugal,

 

23


Germany, Italy, Belgium and Latin America. Banco Santander Central Hispano also has significant operations in New York, Puerto Rico and London, as well as strategic investments in The Royal Bank of Scotland Group, and financial investments in Commerzbank, San Paolo-IMI and Banque Commerciale du Maroc. In Latin America, Banco Santander Central Hispano has majority shareholdings in banks in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.

 

Our relationship with Banco Santander Central Hispano provides us with access to the group’s client base, while its multinational focus allows us to offer international solutions to our clients’ financial needs. We also have the benefit of selectively borrowing from Banco Santander Central Hispano’s product offerings in other countries. Banco Santander Central Hispano has extensive experience in developing innovative financial products, particularly in the areas of residential mortgages, bancassurance and savings products.

 

We believe that our relationship with Banco Santander Central Hispano will also enhance our ability to manage credit and market risks by adopting policies and know-how developed by Banco Santander Central Hispano. Our internal auditing function has been strengthened and is more independent from management as a result of the addition of an internal auditing department that concurrently reports directly to our credit committee and the audit committee of Banco Santander Central Hispano. We believe that this structure leads to greater monitoring and control of our exposure to operational risks.

 

Banco Santander Central Hispano’s support includes the assignment of managerial personnel to key supervisory areas of Santander Chile, like Credit Risk, Auditing, Accounting and Financial Control. Santander Chile does not pay any management fees to Banco Santander Central Hispano in connection with these or other support services.

 

Merger Update

 

We have substantially completed the merger integration process. We believe that the affiliation of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile as commonly controlled subsidiaries of Banco Santander Central Hispano prior to the merger has facilitated the integration process. The last major areas to be integrated were information systems (in the Operations and Technology area), and branch network (in the Retail Banking area) which were the most sensitive to changes and their integration was deferred these to minimize disruption of client services. We substantially completed the integration of systems and integrated the branch network on April 24, 2003.

 

Despite our best efforts, we expect our market share to decrease during the years following the merger. We expect this decline because of client overlapping, and possible disruption of client services during the integration process. We will seek to limit our loss of market share to mainly low-yielding corporate loans which we believe will have a lower impact on our net interest revenue. We do not believe that under current market and economic conditions such a reduction in market share will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations, although we can give no assurances in this regard. We estimate that during the year following the mergers of Santiago and O’Higgins in January 1997, and Old Santander-Chile and Osorno in April 1996, the merged banks experienced a loss of market share in terms of total loans of 1% to 2%. In the merger of Banco de A. Edwards and Banco de Chile, the most recent full service bank merger in Chile, we estimate that the merged entity experienced a market share loss in terms of total loans of 1.4%, from October 3, 2001 to December 31, 2002. Between August 1, 2002 and December 31, 2002 Banco Santander Chile’s loan market share decreased from 27.2% to 24.4%. There can be no assurance that our decline of market share will not exceed the market share losses experienced by other recently merged banks. See “Risk Factors—Risks Associated with the Merger—Our expected market share loss may exceed our projections”.

 

We continue to explore, on an ongoing basis, the advisability of selling some of our assets. Therefore, we may decide to dispose of certain assets in the future. We do not anticipate that any such sale will have a material adverse effect on our core business. Currently, we are not required by law or regulatory action to dispose of any assets.

 

B. Organizational Structure

 

The following table sets forth our significant subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002, including the principal activity, ownership interest and, if different, percentage of voting power held by us. All of our significant subsidiaries are incorporated in Chile.

 

24


     Ownership &
Voting power


Company


   2002

Santiago Leasing S.A.

   99.50%

Santiago Corredores de Bolsa Ltda.

   99.20%

Santander S.A. Administradora Gral. de Fondos

   99.96%

Santiago S.A. Administradora de Fondos de Inversión

   —  

Santiago Asesorías Financieras Ltda.

   —  

Santiago Agente de Valores Ltda.

   —  

Santiago Corredora de Seguros Ltda.

   —  

Cobranzas y Recaudaciones Ltda. (C y R)

   99.90%

Santiago Factoring Ltda.

   99.90%

Santander S.A. Agente de Valores

   99.03%

Santander Administradora de Fondos Mutuos S.A.

   99.96%

Santander S.A. Sociedad Securitizadora

   99.64%

Corredora de Seguros Santander Ltda.

   99.99%

 

25


The following chart shows Banco Santander Central Hispano’s ownership structure of us as of December 31, 2002.

 

LOGO

 

Management Team

 

On August 1, 2002, a new management assumed full control of our operations. The President and Chairman of the board is Mauricio Larraín Garcés, former Vice-Chairman of Old Santander-Chile’s board. The Chief Executive Officer is Fernando Cañas Berkowitz, former Chief Executive Officer of Santiago.

 

A new organizational structure was put in place on October 31, 2002. The chart below sets forth the names and areas of responsibility of our senior commercial managers.

 

Commercial Structure

 

LOGO

 

The chart below sets forth the names and areas of responsibilities of our operating managers.

 

26


Operating Structure

 

LOGO


*   Employees of Santander Chile Holding.

 

Asset and Liability Committee

 

One of the first committees that was redesigned in anticipation of the merger was the Asset and Liabilities Management Committee. See “Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk.” Our asset and liability management policies are developed by the Asset and Liabilities Management Committee following guidelines and limits established by Banco Santander Central Hispano’s Global Risk Department. Prior to the merger, each bank’s Asset and Liabilities Management Committee was composed of senior members of each of Old Santander-Chile’s and Santiago’s Finance Division and their respective General Managers and Controllers. Since the merger, the composition of the Asset and Liabilities Management Committee has been modified. It now includes the Chairman of the Board, three members of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Manager of the Finance Division and the Financial Controller. Senior members of Santander Chile’s Finance Division meet daily and, on a formal basis, weekly with the Asset and Liabilities Management Committee and outside consultants.

 

Credit Risk

 

We apply the credit risk standards and procedures of Old Santander-Chile, which mirror those followed by Banco Santander Central Hispano. We have already implemented the underwriting and monitoring procedures of Old Santander-Chile. In 2002 the Credit Risk Department reviewed the credit risk classifications of the portfolios of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile. In those cases in which a client of both banks had been assigned a dissimilar risk classification, we have adopted the policy of classifying the client in the lower classification level. The main differences were located in the commercial real estate portfolio. Total provisions and charge-offs associated with credit-risk leveling in 2002 were Ch$11,950 million.

 

27


We believe that Banco Santander Central Hispano’s credit risks standards are more conservative than the standards imposed on Chilean banks by the Superintendency of Banks. In particular, Banco Santander Central Hispano’s guidelines impose total independence between the commercial and credit risk areas and all credit operations must be approved by a committee integrated by both commercial and credit risk managers. We believe that these mechanisms contribute to sound growth and a healthier loan portfolio.

 

The Credit Risk Department is currently reviewing the loan classification of former Santiago’s loan portfolio especially in the middle and small-sized company segments. As a result, total loan loss provisions losses increased 14.3% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. This rise was mainly due to an increase in our risk index, mainly due to changes in risk classifications in Santiago’s loan portfolio. Our consolidated risk index as of March 31, 2003 reached 1.84%.

 

Personnel

 

Between August 1, 2002 and December 31, 2002 headcount fell by 628 persons. As of December 31, 2002, on a consolidated basis we had 8,314 employees, 7,767 of whom were bank employees and 547 of whom were employees of our subsidiaries. We expect to further reduce our headcount by approximately 800 additional persons as additional measures related to the merger are fully completed. The costs associated with the retirement program and the other headcount reduction were recognized fully in 2002 and amounted to Ch$22,063 million (US$31 million).

 

SeeItem 6D: Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees” for additional information regarding our personnel.

 

Systems’ Integration

 

The systems’ integration is complete. We decided to adopt the Santiago platform as our standard system. We adopted a cautious approach to the merger of systems so as to minimize client-service disruptions.

 

Distribution Network

 

We integrated the Santiago and Old Santander-Chile branch networks once the operating systems of both banks were integrated. We believe that this integration will enable the branch offices, once connected under a single network, to minimize client-service difficulties. Concurrent with the integration of systems, we integrated Santander’s and Santiago’s branch networks (excluding the Banefe branch network) and launched the new commercial brand “Santander Santiago” for these branches. The main brands of the new bank are “Santander Santiago”, “Banefe” and “Santiago Express”. The ATM networks of both former banks is also interconnected. The internet functions were also united and a new website was launched simultaneously with the merger of systems and the integration of the branch network. We have also merged the sales forces of the two Banks.

 

Merger Expenses and Synergies

 

In 2002 we recognized Ch$63,381 million (US$89 million) in costs and charges related to the merger integration process which encompasses the majority of the merger integration costs. These merger expenses mainly consisted of :

 

    Ch$38,629 million in direct merger costs recognized entirely as non-operating expenses and that can be broken down as follows:

 

    Severance payments: Ch$22,063 million

 

    Charge-off of computer systems: Ch$6,765 million

 

    Remodeling and moving of headquarters and central services: Ch$4,851 million

 

    Consulting: Ch$2,490 million

 

    Other charge-offs: Ch$1,092 million

 

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    Marketing: Ch$706 million

 

    Other expenses: Ch$662 million

 

    Harmonization costs related to the leveling of depreciation standard of fixed assets: Ch$12,802 million

 

    Provision expenses due to the leveling of credit risk classifications: Ch$11,950 million.

 

Total provisions for loan losses increased 14.3% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. This rise was mainly due to an increase in our risk index, mainly due to changes in risk classifications in Santiago’s loan portfolio. Our risk index as of March 31, 2003 reached 1.84%.

 

Capital Expenditures

 

The following table reflects capital expenditures in each of the three years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.

 

     Years ended December 31,

     2000

   2001

   2002

     (in millions of constant
Ch$ of December 31, 2002)

Land and Buildings

   1,509    2,300    1,902

Machinery and Equipment

   5,002    5,816    4,858

Furniture and Fixtures

   1,182    481    1,525

Vehicles

   70    342    781

Other

   252    197    6,589
    
  
  

Total

   8,015    9,136    15,655
    
  
  

 

For a discussion of our capital expenditures for the past three fiscal years and our projected expenditures for 2002, see “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Capital Expenditures.”

 

C. Business Overview

 

Our internal organization is structured on the basis of the client segments we serve. We provide a full range of financial services to corporate and individual customers through two major business units: Retail Banking and Wholesale Banking.

 

Retail Banking

 

This segment includes lending carried out through our branch network primarily to individuals, small companies and micro-businesses. Retail Banking offers customers a range of products, including consumer loans, credit cards, auto loans, commercial loans, foreign trade financing and residential mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2002, retail banking represented 49.4% of our total loans outstanding and 99.3% of our total clients. As of the same date, we had 347 total branches, 60 of which operated under the Banefe brand name and 37 under the SantiagoExpress brand name. The remaining 190 branches are operated under the newly created Santander Santiago brand name.

 

We divide clients in this segment into the following sub-segments:

 

    Middle- and upper-income, consisting of individuals with a monthly income of Ch$500,000 (US$702) and above. This segment accounts for 57.0% of our total clients and 30.8% of our loans as of December 31, 2002.

 

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    Lower-middle to middle-income, consisting of individuals with monthly income between Ch$150,000 (US$211) and Ch$500,000 (US$702) which are served through our Banefe division. This segment accounts for 37.4% of our total clients and 3.9% of our loans as of December 31, 2002.

 

    Small businesses, consisting of small companies with annual sales between Ch$96 million (US$134,831) and Ch$800 million (US$1.1 million). As of December 31, 2002, small companies represented approximately 11.7% of our total loans outstanding and 4.9% of our total clients.

 

Wholesale Banking

 

Customers in this segment include medium-sized and large domestic and multinational companies. The Wholesale Banking business includes commercial lending, leasing, factoring, infrastructure construction financing, trade financing and financial advisory, payment and cash management services. We also provide a diversified range of treasury and risk management products to these customers. In addition, we finance real estate construction and significant infrastructure projects. Customers of this group have annual sales in excess of Ch$800 million (US$1.1 million) and represented 51.8% of our total loans outstanding and 0.7% of our total clients, as of December 31, 2002.

 

We divide clients in this segment into the following sub-segments:

 

    Middle-market companies, consisting of companies with annual sales between Ch$800 million (US$1.1 million) and Ch$3.5 billion (US$4.9 million). As of December 31, 2002, medium-sized companies represented 17.8% of our total loans outstanding and 0.6% of our total clients.

 

    Large corporations, consisting of companies with annual sales in excess of Ch$3.5 billion (US$4.9 million). As of December 31, 2002, these clients represented 34.0% of our total loans outstanding and 0.1% of our total clients.

 

The table below sets forth our lines of business and certain statistical information relating to each of them as of December 31, 2002.

 

     As of December 31, 2002

Segment    Net Interest
Revenue(1)


   Fees & Income
from Services


   Net Loan Loss
Allowances(2)


    Net gain (loss)
from trading
and mark-to-
market of
financial
investments


  

Net Client

Contribution(3)


     (millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002, except for percentages)

Retail Banking(1)

   Ch$ 295,374    Ch$64,580    Ch$ (45,931 )   Ch$4,319    Ch$ 318,342

Wholesale Banking

     138,404    15,038      (16,915 )   21,730      158,257
    

  
  


 
  

Others(5)

     60,327    22,524      (3,227 )   3,624      83,158
    

  
  


 
  

Total

     494,104    102,142      (66,073 )   29,673      530,173
    

  
  


 
  


(1)   Includes foreign exchange transactions.
(2)   Includes allowances for loan losses, charge-offs and loan loss recoveries.
(3)   Equal to net interest revenue plus fee income plus net gain (loss) from trading and mark-to-market of financial investments minus allowances for loan losses.
(4)   Includes contribution of Bank subsidiaries and other non-segmented items.

 

Operations through Subsidiaries

 

The General Banking Law once restricted the ability of banks to provide non-banking financial services. Beginning in 1986, the restrictions were somewhat eased, allowing banks to provide services deemed to be complementary to the commercial banking business, provided that the services are offered through subsidiaries.

 

30


The new General Banking Law, as amended on November 4, 1997, extended the scope of permissible activities to permit us to provide directly the leasing and financial advisory services we could formerly offer only through our subsidiaries, to offer investment advisory services outside of Chile and to undertake activities we could not formerly offer directly or through subsidiaries, such as factoring, securitization, foreign investment funds, custody and transport of securities and insurance brokerage services (except social security insurance).

 

For the year ended December 31, 2002, our subsidiaries collectively accounted for approximately 22.5% of our consolidated net income. The assets and operating income of these subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002 represented 7.3% and 10.8% of our total assets and operating income, respectively. Our current subsidiaries and ownership are the following:

 

     Ownership

Company


   2002

   2001

Santiago Leasing S.A.

   99.50%    99.50%

Santiago Corredores de Bolsa Ltda.

   99.20%    99.20%

Santander S.A. Administradora Gral. de Fondos (1)

   99.96%    99.95%

Santiago S.A. Administradora de Fondos de Inversión (1)

   —      99.99%

Santiago Asesorías Financieras Ltda. (4)

   —      99.80%

Santiago Agente de Valores Ltda. (2)

   —      99.00%

Santiago Corredora de Seguros Ltda. (3)

   —      99.90%

Cobranzas y Recaudaciones Ltda. (C y R)

   99.90%    99.90%

Santiago Factoring Ltda.

   99.90%    99.90%

Santander S.A. Agente de Valores

   99.03%    99.99%

Santander Administradora de Fondos Mutuos S.A.

   99.96%    99.64%

Santander S.A. Sociedad Securitizadora

   99.64%    99.96%

Corredora de Seguros Santander Ltda.

   99.99%    99.03%

(1)   Santiago S.A. Administradora de Fondos de Inversión was merged into Santiago S.A. Administradora de Fondos Mutuos creating as of April 10, 2002 the new company Santiago S.A. Administradora General de Fondos with a 99.96% ownership by Banco Santander Chile. In 2003, Santiago S.A. Administradora General de Fondos changed its name to Santander S.A. Administradora General de Fondos.

 

(2)   On April 30, 2002 Santiago Agente de Valores was merged into Santiago Corredores de Bolsa Ltda.

 

(3)   On November 29, 2002 the company Santiago Corredora de Seguros Ltda. was merged into Corredora de Seguros Santander Ltd.

 

(4)   On December 30, 2002 the company Santiago Asesorías Financieras Ltda. was absorbed by Banco Santander Chile.

 

Competition

 

Overview

 

The Chilean financial services market consists of a variety of largely distinct sectors. The most important sector, commercial banking, includes a number of privately-owned banks and one public sector bank, BancoEstado (which operates within the same legal and regulatory framework as the private sector banks). The private sector banks, in turn, have traditionally been divided between those that are Chilean-owned, i.e., controlled by a Chilean entity and a number of foreign-owned banks which are operated in Chile but controlled by a foreign entity. The Chilean banking system is comprised of 25 private sector banks and one public sector bank. Three private sector banks along with the state-owned bank together accounted for 66.2% of all outstanding loans by Chilean financial institutions as of December 31, 2002.

 

The Chilean banking system has experienced increased competition in recent years largely due to consolidation in the industry and new legislation. For example, the merger of Banco de Chile with Banco de A. Edwards, effective January 2, 2002, resulted in the creation at that moment of the largest bank in Chile. As of December 31, 2002 Banco de Chile had a market share in total loans of 18.4% as of December 31, 2002. Shortly after the merger was effective, Santander Central Hispano announced the merger of the two banks it owned in Chile Banco Santander

 

31


Chile and Banco Santiago creating the largest bank in Chile. Commercial banks face increasing competition from other financial intermediaries who can provide larger companies with access to the capital markets as an alternative to bank loans. The enactment of the Capital Markets Reform Bill in 2001, has made it more tax-advantageous and easier for companies to issue commercial paper, adding an additional financing alternative. To the extent permitted by the General Banking Law, we seek to maintain a competitive position in this respect through the investment banking activities of our subsidiaries.

 

Under the General Banking Law, a bank must have a minimum of UF800,000 (Ch$13,395 million or approximately US$18.8 million) in paid-in capital and reserves. However, following the approval of the Capital Markets Reform Bill a bank may begin its operations with 50.0% of such amount, provided that it has a total capital ratio (effective capital to risk weighted assets) of not less than 12.0%. When the paid-in capital reaches UF600,000 (approximately Ch$10,046 million or approximately US$14.1 million) the required total capital ratio will be reduced to 10.0% of its risk weighted assets.

 

As shown in the following table, as a result of the merger we are the market leader in practically every aspect of the banking industry in Chile:

 

     Market Share
at December 31,
2002


  Rank as of
December 31,
2002


Commercial loans

       22.6%   1

Consumer loans

   26.5   1

Mortgage loans (residential and general purpose)

   26.3   1

Residential mortgage loans

   25.0   2

Foreign trade loans

   23.1   1

Total loans

   24.4   1

Deposits

   21.5   1

Mutual funds (assets managed)

   21.3   2

Mutual funds (clients)

   26.0   1

Credit card accounts

   36.5   1

Branches (1)

   21.8   1

ATM locations

   30.5   1

Source: Superintendency of Banks (unconsolidated data).

 

(1)   Excluding special-service payment centers.

 

The following tables set out certain statistics comparing our market position in comparison to our peer group, defined as the five largest banks in Chile in terms of shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2002.

 

Loans

 

As of December 31, 2002 our loan portfolio was the largest among Chilean banks. Our unconsolidated portfolio represented 24.4% of the market for loans in the Chilean financial system (comprising all commercial banks and finance companies) as of such date. The following table sets forth the market shares in terms of loans for us and our peer group as of December 31, 2002:

 

     As of December 31, 2002

 

Loans(1)


   Ch$ million

   In thousand of
US$


   Market
Share


 

Santander Chile

   7,731,346    10,852,839    24.4 %

Banco de Chile

   5,882,756    8,257,890    18.6  

Banco del Estado

   4,055,309    5,692,621    12.8  

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

   3,281,829    4,606,852    10.4  

BBVA-Banco Bhif

   2,098,189    2,945,323    6.6  
    
  
  

Total

   23,049,429    32,355,525    72.8  
    
  
  

 

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Source: Superintendency of Banks (unconsolidated data).

 

(1)   Because the method of classification of assets used by the Superintendency of Banks for its public information differs in minor respects from that used by us for accounting purposes, the amounts in this table may differ from the figures included in our financial statements and those of our predecessor banks.

 

Deposits

 

In unconsolidated terms, our 21.5% of the market for deposits ranks us in first place among banks. The following table sets forth the market shares in terms of deposits for us and our peer group as of December 31, 2002:

 

     As of December 31, 2002

 

Deposits(1)


   Ch$ million

   In thousand of
US$


   Market
Share


 

Santander Chile

   5,354,036    7,515,702    21.5 %

Banco de Chile

   4,251,364    5,967,832    17.1  

Banco del Estado

   4,009,010    5,627,629    16.1  

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

   2,448,119    3,436,535    9.8  

BBVA-Banco Bhif

   1,671,426    2,346,256    6.7  
    
  
  

Total

   17,733,955    24,893,954    71.2  
    
  
  


Source: Superintendency of Banks (unconsolidated basis).

 

(1)   Because the method of classification of assets used by the Superintendency of Banks for its public information differs in minor respects from that used by us for accounting purposes, the amounts in this table may differ from the figures included in our financial statements and those of our predecessor banks.

 

Shareholders’ equity

 

With Ch$963,205 million (US$1,352 million) in shareholders’ equity, as of December 31, 2002, we were the largest commercial bank in Chile in terms of shareholders’ equity. The following table sets forth the level of shareholders’ equity for us and our peer group as of December 31, 2002:

 

     As of December 31, 2002

 

Equity(1)


   Ch$ millions

   In thousands of
US$


   %(1)

 

Santander Chile(1)

   963,205    1,352,094    23.7 %

Banco de Chile

   618,230    867,837    15.2  

Banco del Estado

   371,600    521,632    9.1  

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

   312,141    438,166    7.7  

BBVA-Banco Bhif

   258,283    362,564    6.3  
    
  
  

Total

   2,523,459    3,542,293    62.0  
    
  
  


Source: Superintendency of Banks.

 

(1)   Percentage of total shareholders’ equity of financial system.

 

Efficiency

 

As of December 31, 2002, on an unconsolidated basis we were the most efficient bank in our peer group. The following table sets forth the efficiency ratio defined as operating expenses divided by operating income for us and our peer group as of December 31, 2002:

 

     As of December 31,
2002


 

Efficiency ratio


   %

 

Santander Chile

   47.7 %

Banco de Chile

   58.3  

 

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Banco del Estado

   65.3

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

   52.9

BBVA-Banco Bhif

   59.3

Chilean Financial System

   53.9

Source: Superintendency of Banks (unconsolidated data).

 

Return on capital

 

As of December 31, 2002, we were the second most profitable bank in our peer group. The following table sets forth the annualized return on capital as defined by the Superintendency of Banks for us and our peer group as of December 31, 2002:

 

     As of December 31,
2002


Return on Capital


   %

Santander Chile

   19.5%

Banco de Chile

   9.3   

Banco del Estado

   8.1   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

   22.6     

BBVA-Banco Bhif

   9.1   

Chilean Financial System

   14.4     

Source: Superintendency of Banks (unconsolidated data).

 

Risk index

 

As of February 28, 2003, we had the second highest risk index among our peer group. The following table sets forth the risk index as defined by the Superintendency of Banks for us and our peer group as of February 28, 2003:

 

     As of February 28, 2003,
except Santander Chile


Risk Index


   %

Santander Chile(1)

   1.84%

Banco de Chile

   2.98   

Banco del Estado

   1.52   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

   1.33   

BBVA-Banco Bhif

   1.63   

Chilean Financial System

   2.00   

Source: Superintendency of Banks (unconsolidated data).

 

(1)   Santander-Chile’s risk index as of March 31, 2003. The average risk index for all banks and financial institutions that provide information to the Superintendency of Banks has been calculated using data as of February 28, 2003, the latest date for which data is available.

 

D.    Regulation and Supervision

 

General

 

In Chile, only banks may maintain checking accounts for their customers, conduct foreign trade operations, and together with financial companies, accept time deposits. The principal authorities that regulate financial institutions in Chile are the Superintendency of Banks and the Central Bank. Chilean banks are primarily subject to the General Banking Law and secondarily, to the extent not inconsistent with this statute, the provisions of the Chilean Corporations Law governing public corporations, except for certain provisions which are expressly excluded.

 

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The modern Chilean banking system dates from 1925 and has been characterized by periods of substantial regulation and state intervention, as well as periods of deregulation. The most recent period of deregulation commenced in 1975 and culminated in adoption of a series of amendments to General Banking Law. That law, amended most recently in 2001, granted additional powers to banks, including general underwriting powers for new issues of certain debt and equity securities and the power to create subsidiaries to engage in activities related to banking, such as brokerage, investment advisory, mutual fund services, administration of investment funds, factoring, securitization products and financial leasing services. Following the Chilean banking crisis during 1982 and 1983, the Superintendency of Banks assumed control of 21 financial institutions representing approximately 51% of the total loans in the banking system. As part of the solution to this crisis, the Central Bank permitted financial institutions to sell to it a certain portion of their problem loan portfolios, at the book value of such loan portfolios. Each institution then repurchased such loans at their economic value (which, in most cases, was much lower than the book value at which the Central Bank had acquired the loans) and the difference was to be repaid to the Central Bank out of future income. Pursuant to Law No. 18,818, which was passed in 1989, this difference was converted into a subordinated obligation with no fixed term, known as “deuda subordinada” or subordinated debt which, in case of liquidation of the institution, would be paid after the institution’s other debts had been paid in full.

 

The Central Bank

 

The Central Bank is an autonomous legal entity created by the Chilean Constitution. It is subject to the Chilean Constitution and its own ley organica constitucional, or organic constitutional law. To the extent not inconsistent with the Chilean Constitution or the Central Bank’s organic constitutional law, the Central Bank is also subject to private sector laws (but in no event is it subject to the laws applicable to the public sector). It is directed and administered by a board of directors composed of five members designated by the President of Chile, subject to the approval of the Senate.

 

The legal purpose of the Central Bank is to maintain the stability of the Chilean peso and the orderly functioning of Chile’s internal and external payment system. The Central Bank’s powers include setting reserve requirements, regulating the amount of money and credit in circulation, establishing regulations and guidelines regarding finance companies, foreign exchange (including the Formal Exchange Market) and banks’ deposit-taking activities.

 

The Superintendency of Banks

 

Banks are supervised and controlled by the Superintendency of Banks, an independent Chilean governmental agency. The Superintendency of Banks authorizes the creation of new banks and has broad powers to interpret and enforce legal and regulatory requirements applicable to banks and financial companies. Furthermore, in case of noncompliance with such legal and regulatory requirements, the Superintendency of Banks has the ability to impose sanctions. In extreme cases, it can appoint, with the prior approval of the board of directors of the Central Bank, a provisional administrator to manage a bank. It must also approve any amendment to a bank’s bylaws or any increase in its capital.

 

The Superintendency of Banks examines all banks from time to time, generally at least once a year. Banks are also required to submit their financial statements monthly to the Superintendency of Banks, and a bank’s financial statements are published at least four times a year in a newspaper with countrywide coverage. In addition, banks are required to provide extensive information regarding their operations at various periodic intervals to the Superintendency of Banks. A bank’s annual financial statements and the opinion of its independent auditors must also be submitted to the Superintendency of Banks.

 

Any person wishing to acquire, directly or indirectly, 10.0% or more of the share capital of a bank must obtain the prior approval of the Superintendency of Banks. The absence of such approval will cause the holder of such shares so acquired not to have the right to vote such shares. The Superintendency of Banks may only refuse to grant its approval, based on specific grounds set forth in the General Banking Law.

 

According to Article 35 bis of the General Banking Law the prior authorization of the Superintendency of Banks is required for:

 

35


    the merger of two or more banks,

 

    the acquisition of all or a substantial portion of a banks’ assets and liabilities by another bank,

 

    the control by the same person, or controlling group, of two or more banks, or

 

    a substantial increase in the share ownership of a bank by a controlling shareholder of that bank.

 

Such prior authorization is required solely when the acquiring bank or the resulting group of banks would own a significant market share in loans, defined by the Superintendency of Banks to be more than 15.0% of all loans in the Chilean banking system. The intended purchase may be denied by the Superintendency of Banks; alternatively the purchase may be conditioned on one or more of the following:

 

    that the bank or banks maintain an effective equity higher than 8.0% and up to 14.0% of their risk weighted assets,

 

    that the technical reserve established in article 65 of the General Banking Law be applicable when deposits exceed one and a half times the resulting bank’s paid-in capital and reserves, or

 

    that the margin for interbank loans be diminished to 20.0% of the resulting bank’s effective equity.

 

    Pursuant to the regulations of the Superintendency of Banks, the following ownership disclosures are required:

 

    banks are required to inform the Superintendency of Banks of the identity of any person owning, directly or indirectly, 5.0% or more of such banks’ shares,

 

    holders of ADSs must disclose to the depositary the identity of beneficial owners of ADSs registered under such holders’ names, and

 

    the depositary is required to notify the bank as to the identity of beneficial owners of ADSs which such depositary has registered and the bank, in turn, is required to notify the Superintendency of Banks as to the identity of the beneficial owners of the ADSs representing 5.0% or more of such bank’s shares.

 

Limitations on Types of Activities

 

Chilean banks can only conduct those activities allowed by the General Banking Law: making loans, accepting deposits and, subject to limitations, making investments and performing financial services. Investments are restricted to real estate for the bank’s own use, gold, foreign exchange and debt securities. Through subsidiaries, banks may also engage in other specific financial service activities such as securities brokerage services, mutual fund management, investment fund management, financial advisory and leasing activities. Subject to specific limitations and the prior approval of the Superintendency of Banks and the Central Bank, Chilean banks may own majority or minority interests in foreign banks.

 

On March 2, 2002 the Central Bank of Chile authorized banks to pay interest on checking accounts. On March 20, 2002 the Superintendency of Banks published guidelines establishing that beginning on June 1, 2002, banks could offer a new checking account product that pays interest. The Superintendency of Banks also stated that these accounts may be subject to minimum balance limits and different interest rates depending on average balances held in the account. This product is optional and banks may also charge fees for the use of this new product. For banks with a solvency score of less than A (See Item 4B: Chilean Regulation and Supervision—Management and Capitalization Evaluation) the Central Bank has also imposed additional caps to the interest rate that can be charged.

 

Deposit Insurance

 

In Chile, the State guarantees up to 90.0% of the principal amount of certain time and demand deposits held by natural persons. The State guarantee covers those obligations with a maximum value of UF120 per person (Ch$2,009,294 or U.S.$2,821 as of December 31, 2002) per calendar year.

 

36


Reserve Requirements

 

Deposits are subject to a reserve requirement, of 9.0% for peso-denominated demand deposits, 3.6% for UF- and peso-denominated time deposits, 19.0% for dollar-denominated and other foreign currency denominated demand deposits and 13.6% for dollar-denominated and other foreign currency denominated time deposits (with terms of less than one year). Banks are authorized to deduct daily from their foreign currency denominated liabilities subject to reserve requirement, the balance in foreign currency of certain loans and financial investments held outside of Chile. The deductions should be done as follows:

 

    first, term liabilities denominated in foreign currency and subject to reserve requirements,

 

    second, if there is any positive difference, demand liabilities denominated in foreign currency and subject to reserve requirements, and

 

    finally, foreign loans subject to reserve requirements. The total amount deductible cannot exceed 70.0% of a bank’s effective equity.

 

The Central Bank has statutory authority to increase reserve requirements up to an average of 40.0% for demand deposits (of any denomination) and up to 20.0% for time deposits (of any denomination) to implement monetary policy. In addition, a 100.0% technical reserve applies to demand deposits, deposits in checking accounts, or obligations payable on sight incurred in the ordinary course of business, other deposits unconditionally payable immediately or within a term of less than 30 days and time deposits payable within 10 days prior to maturity, to the extent their aggregate amount exceeds 2.5 times the amount of a bank’s paid-in capital and reserves.

 

Minimum Capital

 

Under the General Banking Law, a bank must have a minimum paid-in capital and reserves of UF800,000 (Ch$13,395 million or U.S.$18.8 million as of December 31, 2002). However, a bank may begin its operations with 50.0% of such amount, provided that it has a total capital ratio (defined as effective equity as a percentage of risk weighted assets) of not less than 12.0%. When such a bank’s paid-in capital reaches UF600,000 (Ch$10,046 million or U.S.$14.1 million as of December 31, 2002) the total capital ratio required is reduced to 10.0%.

 

Capital Adequacy Requirements

 

According to the General Banking Law, each bank should have an effective equity of at least 8.0% of its risk weighted assets, net of required allowances. Effective equity is defined as the aggregate of:

 

    a bank’s paid-in capital and reserves, excluding capital attributable to subsidiaries and foreign branches,

 

    its subordinated bonds, considered at the issuing price (but decreasing 20.0% for each year during the period commencing six years prior to maturity), but not exceeding 50.0% of its Net Capital Base, and

 

    its voluntary allowances for loan losses, up to 1.25% of risk weighted assets.

 

Banks should also have Capital basico, or Net Capital Base, of at least 3.0% of its total assets, net of allowances. Net Capital Base, is defined as a bank’s paid-in capital and reserves and is similar to Tier 1 capital except that it does not include net income for the period. An amendment to the General Banking Law enacted on November 7, 2001 eliminated the exclusion of the investment in subsidiaries and foreign branches from the calculation of Net Capital Base.

 

The calculation of risk weighted assets is based on a five category risk classification system to be applied to a bank asset that is based on the Basle Committee recommendations.

 

Lending Limits

 

Under the General Banking Law, Chilean banks are subject to certain lending limits, including the following material limits:

 

37


    A bank may not extend to any entity or individual (or any one group of related entities), directly or indirectly, unsecured credit in an amount that exceeds 5.0% of the bank’s effective equity, or in an amount that exceeds 25.0% of its effective equity if the excess over 5.0% is secured by certain assets with a value equal to or higher than such excess. In the case of foreign export trade financing, the 5.0% ceiling for unsecured credits is raised to 10.0% and the 25.0% ceiling for secured credits to 30.0%. In the case of financing infrastructure projects built through the concession mechanism, the 5.0% ceiling for unsecured credits is raised to 15.0% if secured by a pledge over the concession, or if granted by two or more banks or finance companies which have executed a credit agreement with the builder or holder of the concession,

 

    a bank may not extend loans to another financial institution subject to the General Banking Law in an aggregate amount exceeding 30.0% of its effective equity,

 

    a bank may not directly or indirectly grant a loan whose purpose is to allow an individual or entity to acquire shares of the lender bank,

 

    a bank may not lend, directly or indirectly, to a director or any other person who has the power to act on behalf of the bank, and

 

    a bank may not grant loans to related parties (including holders of more than 1.0% of its shares) on more favorable terms than those generally offered to non-related parties. Loans granted to related parties are subject to the limitations described in the first bullet point above. In addition, the aggregate amount of loans to related parties may not exceed a bank’s effective equity.

 

In addition, the General Banking Law limits the aggregate amount of loans that a bank may grant to its employees to 1.5% of its effective equity, and provides that no individual employee may receive loans in excess of 10.0% of this 1.5% limit. Notwithstanding these limitations, a bank may grant to each of its employees a single residential mortgage loan for personal use once during such employee’s term of employment.

 

Allowance for Loan Losses

 

Chilean banks are required to provide to the Superintendency of Banks detailed information regarding their loan portfolio on a monthly basis. Each bank is also required to maintain a global allowance for loan losses, the amount of which must at least equal the aggregate amount of its outstanding loans multiplied by the greater of (1) its “risk index” or (2) 0.75%. SeeItem 5D: Asset and Liability Management—Selected Statistical Information” for an explanation of the “risk index” and other information regarding allowance for loan losses. As of February 28, 2003, our unconsolidated risk index was 1.77% compared with an average for the Chilean financial system as a whole (i.e., all banks and finance companies) of 2.00%, as of February 28, 2003 (the latest available information for the Chilean financial system).

 

Banks in Chile are also required to maintain an individual allowance for loans on which any payment of principal or interest is 90 days or more overdue. An individual allowance for loan losses equal to 100.0% of the past due portion of such past due loan is required to the extent that the loan is unsecured. In the event that non-payment of a portion of a loan permits a bank to accelerate the loan, and the bank commences legal proceedings against the debtor to collect the full amount of the loan, the individual loan loss reserve must be equal to 100.0% of the loan within 90 days as of the filing of the lawsuit. The Superintendency of Banks has ruled that in the case of past due loans, individual loans loss reserves should be made only for the difference between 100.0% of the past due portion of a past due loan (or the full amount of the loan if the preceding sentence applies) and the reserve made for such loan when calculating the global loan loss reserve. A bank may also voluntarily maintain additional allowances for loan losses in excess of the minimum amounts required as global and individual allowances. SeeItem 5D: Asset and Liability Management—Selected Statistical Information.

 

New Regulations

 

The Superintendency of Banks presently examines and evaluates each financial institution’s credit management process, including its compliance with the loan classification guidelines, and on that basis classifies banks and other financial institutions into three categories: I, II and III. Category I is reserved for institutions that fully comply with the loan classification guidelines. Institutions are rated as Category II if their loan classification system has

 

38


deficiencies that must be corrected by the bank’s management. Category III indicates significant deviations from the Superintendency of Banks’ guidelines that clearly reflect inadequacies in the evaluation of the risk and estimated losses associated with loans. We have been classified as a Category I bank since December 1991 (this classification system was established by the Superintendency of Banks in 1990 and has been applied to us since 1991).

 

In accordance with the new regulation, banks will be classified in categories 1, 2, 3 and 4. The category of each bank will depend on the models and methods used by the bank to classify its loan portfolio, as determined by the Superintendency of Banks. Category 1 banks will be those banks whose methods and models are satisfactory to the Superintendency of Banks. Category 1 banks will be entitled to continue using the same methods and models they currently have in place. A bank classified as a category 2 bank will have to maintain the minimum levels of reserves established by the Superintendency of Banks while its board of directors is made aware of the problems detected by the Superintendency of Banks and takes steps to correct them. Finally, banks classified as categories 3 and 4 banks will have to maintain the minimum levels of reserves established by the Superintendency of Banks until they are authorized by the Superintendency of Banks to do otherwise.

 

For purposes of these new classifications, loans will be divided into: (i) consumer loans (including loans granted to individuals for the purpose of financing the acquisition of consumer goods or payment of services); (ii) residential mortgage loans (including loans granted to individuals for the acquisition, construction or repair of residential real estate, in which the value of the property covers at least 100% of the amount of the loan); (iii) leasing operations (including consumer leasing, commercial leasing and residential leasing); (iv) factoring operations and (v) commercial loans (includes all loans other than consumer loans and residential mortgage loans).

 

In accordance with the new regulations, which will be effective as of January 1, 2004, the models and methods used to classify our loan portfolio must follow the following guiding principles, which have been established by the Superintendency of Banks.

 

Models based on the individual analysis of borrowers

 

    Requires the assignment of a risk category level to each borrower and its respective loans.

 

    Must consider the following risk factors within the analysis: industry or sector of the borrower, owners or managers of the borrower, their financial situation, their payment capacity and payment behavior.

 

    One of the following risk categories must be assigned to each loan and borrower upon finishing the analysis:

 

    Classifications A1, A2 and A3, correspond to borrowers with no apparent credit risk.

 

    Classifications B, correspond to borrowers with some credit risk but no apparent deterioration of payment capacity.

 

    Classifications C1, C2, C3, C4, D1 and D2 correspond to borrowers whose loans have deteriorated.

 

For loans classified as A1, A2 and A3, the board of directors of a bank is authorized to determine the levels of required reserves. For loans classified in Categories C1, C2, C3, C4, D1 and D2, the bank must have the following levels of reserves:

 

Classification


  

Estimated range of loss


   Reserve

 

C1

   Up to 3%    2 %

C2

   More than 3% up to 19%    10  

C3

   More than 19% up to 29%    25  

C4

   More than 29% up to 49%    40  

D1

   More than 49% up to 79%    65  

D2

   More than 79%    90  

 

39


Models based on group analysis

 

    Suitable for the evaluation of a large number of borrowers whose individual loan amounts are relatively small. These models are intended to be used primarily to analyze loans to individuals and small companies.

 

    Levels of required reserves are to be determined by the Bank, according to the estimated loss that may result from the loans, by classifying the loan portfolio using one or both of the following models:

 

    A model based on the characteristics of the borrowers and their outstanding loans. Borrowers and their loans with similar characteristics will be placed into groups and each group will be assigned a risk level.

 

    A model based on the behavior of a group of loans. Loans with analogous past payment histories and similar characteristics will be placed into groups and each group will be assigned a risk level.

 

Additional Reserves

 

Once the regulations become effective, banks will be able to create reserves above the limits described above only to cover specific risks that have been authorized by their board of directors. The concept of voluntary reserves has been eliminated by the new regulation.

 

Obligations Denominated in Foreign Currencies

 

Foreign currency denominated obligations of Chilean banks are subject to four requirements.

 

    There is a reserve requirement of 19.0% for dollar-denominated and other foreign currency denominated demand deposits and obligations and 13.6% in respect of dollar-denominated and other foreign currency denominated time deposits and obligations, excluding foreign currency denominated obligations with a maturity of more than one year. See “—Reserve Requirements above;”

 

    A bank’s risk adjusted net asset (liability) foreign currency position cannot exceed 20% of its Net Capital Base;

 

    Under Central Bank regulations applicable since August 31, 1999, (1) the aggregate amount of our net foreign currency liabilities having an original maturity of less than 30 days cannot exceed our Net Capital Base and (2) the aggregate amount of our net foreign currency liabilities having an original maturity of less than 90 days cannot exceed twice our Net Capital Base; and

 

    After June 30, 2000, the interest rate mismatches of our foreign currency liabilities may not exceed 8.0% of our Net Capital Base.

 

Capital Markets

 

Under the General Banking Law, banks in Chile may purchase, sell, place, underwrite and act as paying agents with respect to certain debt securities. Likewise, banks in Chile may place and underwrite certain equity securities. Bank subsidiaries may also engage in debt placement and dealing, equity issuance advice and securities brokerage, as well as in financial leasing, mutual fund and investment fund administration, investment advisory services and merger and acquisition services. These subsidiaries are regulated by the Superintendency of Banks and, in some cases, also by the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, the regulator of the Chilean securities market and of open-stock corporations.

 

Legal Provisions Regarding Banking Institutions with Economic Difficulties

 

The General Banking Law provides that if specified adverse circumstances exist at any bank, its board of directors must correct the situation within 30 days from the date of receipt of the relevant financial statements. If the board of directors is unable to do so, it must call a special shareholders’ meeting to increase the capital of the bank by the amount necessary to return the bank to financial stability. If the shareholders reject the capital increase, or if it is not effected within the term and in the manner agreed to at the meeting, or if the Superintendency of Banks does not approve the board of directors proposal, the bank will be barred from increasing its loan portfolio

 

40


beyond that stated in the financial statements presented to the board of directors and from making any further investments in any instrument other than in instruments issued by the Central Bank. In such a case, or in the event that a bank is unable to make timely payment in respect of its obligations or if a bank is under provisional administration of the Superintendency of Banks, the General Banking Law provides that the bank may receive a two-year term loan from another bank. The terms and conditions of such a loan must be approved by the directors of both banks, as well as by the Superintendency of Banks, but need not be submitted to the borrowing bank’s shareholders for their approval. In any event, a creditor bank cannot grant interbank loans to an insolvent bank in an amount exceeding 25.0% of the creditor bank’s effective equity. The board of directors of a bank that is unable to make timely payment of its obligations must present a reorganization plan to its creditors in order to capitalize the credits, extend their respective terms, forgive debts or take other measures for the payment of the debts. If the board of directors of a bank submits a reorganization plan to its creditors and such arrangement is approved, all subordinated debt issued by the bank, whether or not matured, will be converted by operation of law into common stock in the amount required for the ratio of effective equity to risk-weighted assets not to be lower than 12.0%. If a bank fails to pay an obligation, it must notify the Superintendency of Banks, which shall determine if the bank is solvent.

 

Dissolution and Liquidation of Banks

 

The Superintendency of Banks may establish that a bank should be liquidated for the benefit of its depositors or other creditors when such bank does not have the necessary solvency to continue its operations. In such case, the Superintendency of Banks must revoke a bank’s authorization to exist and order its mandatory liquidation, subject to agreement by the Central Bank. The Superintendency of Banks must also revoke a bank’s authorization if the reorganization plan of such bank has been rejected twice. The resolution by the Superintendency of Banks must state the reason for ordering the liquidation and must name a liquidator, unless the Superintendent of Banks assumes this responsibility. When a liquidation is declared, all checking accounts, other demand deposits received in the ordinary course of business, other deposits unconditionally payable immediately or that have a maturity of no more than 30 days, and any other deposits and receipts payable within 10 days, are required to be paid by using existing funds of the bank, its deposits with the Central Bank or its investments in instruments that represent its reserves. If these funds are insufficient to pay these obligations, the liquidator may seize the rest of the bank’s assets, as needed. If necessary and in specified circumstances, the Central Bank will lend the bank the funds necessary to pay these obligations. Any such loans are preferential to any claims of other creditors of the liquidated bank.

 

Investments in Foreign Securities

 

Under current Chilean banking regulations, banks in Chile may grant loans to foreign individuals and entities and invest in certain foreign currency securities. Chilean banks may only invest in equity securities of foreign banks and certain other foreign companies which may be affiliates of the bank or which would support the bank’s business if such companies were incorporated in Chile. Banks in Chile may also invest in debt securities traded in formal secondary markets. Such debt securities shall qualify as (1) securities issued or guaranteed by foreign sovereign states or their central banks or other foreign or international financial entities, and (2) bonds issued by foreign companies. Such foreign currency securities must have a minimum rating as follows:

 

Rating Agency


   Short Term

   Long Term

Moody’s

   P2    Baa3

Standard and Poor’s

   A3    BBB-

Fitch IBCA

   F2    BBB-

 

However, a Chilean bank may invest up to 20.0% of its effective equity in securities having a minimum rating as follows:

 

Rating Agency


   Short Term

   Long Term

Moody’s

   P2    Ba3

Standard and Poor’s

   A3    BB-

Fitch IBCA

   F2    BB-

 

41


Additionally, a Chilean bank may invest up to 70.0% of its effective equity in securities having a minimum rating as follows:

 

Rating Agency


   Short Term

   Long Term

Moody’s

   P1    Aa3

Standard and Poor’s

   A1+    AA-

Fitch IBCA

   F1+    AA-

 

Subject to specific conditions, a bank may grant loans in dollars to subsidiaries or branches of Chilean companies located abroad, to companies listed on foreign stock exchanges authorized by the Central Bank and, in general, to individuals and entities domiciled abroad, as long as the Central Bank is kept informed of such activities.

 

In the event that the sum of the investments of a bank in foreign currency and of the commercial and foreign trade loans granted to foreign individuals and entities exceeds 70.0% of the effective equity of such bank, the excess is subject to a mandatory reserve of 100.0%.

 

Mortgage Finance Bonds

 

The Superintendency of Banks as of December 31, 2002 established a new mechanism for accounting for mortgage bonds issued by the Bank and subsequently held as financial investments. Previously, the Bank recorded the bond as a liability and the same bond held as an asset in financial investments. Now such mortgage finance bond is offset against the corresponding liability.

 

E.    Property, Plants and Equipment

 

We are domiciled in Chile and own our principal executive offices located at Bandera 140, Santiago, Chile. We also own fourteen other buildings in the vicinity of our headquarters and we rent seven other buildings. We are in the process of optimizing our central office structure and we are constructing an additional building which will permit us to stop renting some office space. At June 2003, we owned the locations at where 51% of our branches were located. The remaining branches operate at rented locations.

 

Main properties     
As of June 20, 2003    Number
Central Offices     

Own

     15

Rented

       7

In construction

       1

Total

     23

Branches

    

Own

   177

Rented

   169

Total

   346

 

Below is a summary of the main computer hardware and other systems-equipment that we own. We believe that our existing physical facilities are adequate for our needs.

 

Category    Brand    Application

Mainframe

   IBM    Back-end, Core-System Altamira

Midrange

   IBM    Communications (front-end)

Midrange

   Stratus    Teller systems

Midrange

   IBM    WEB Individuals/Corporate Segment

Desktop

   IBM    Platform applications

 

The main software systems used by us are:

 

Category    Product    Origin

Core-System

   ALTAMIRA    Accenture

Data base

   DB2    IBM

Data base

   Oracle    Oracle

Data base

   SQL Server    Microsoft

WEB Service

   Internet Information Server    Microsoft

Message service

   MQSeries    IBM

Transformation

   MQIntegrator    IBM

 

42


ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

 

A. Critical Accounting Policies

 

The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contain a summary of our significant accounting policies, including a description of the significant differences between these and the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, additional disclosures required under such rules, a reconciliation between shareholders’ equity and net income to the corresponding amounts that would be reported in accordance with US GAAP and a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

 

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with Chilean GAAP and the related rules of the Superintendency of Banks, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions in the application of some of them because they are related to matters that are inherently uncertain. We believe that the following are the more critical judgment areas or involve a higher degree of complexity in the application of the accounting policies that currently affect our financial condition and results of operations:

 

Allowance for Loan Losses

 

Chilean banks are required to maintain loan loss allowances in amounts determined in accordance with the regulations issued by the Superintendency of Banks. Under these regulations, we must classify our portfolio into five categories of payment capability. The minimum amount of required loan loss allowances are determined based on fixed percentages of estimated loan losses assigned to each category.

 

A detailed description of this accounting policy is discussed below under “—Selected Statistical Information—Loan loss allowances” and in Note 1 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. For a description of the regulations relating to loan loss allowances to which we are subject, see “Item 4: Information on the Company—Regulation and Supervision—Allowance for Loan Losses.

 

Investment securities

 

Our investment portfolio principally includes debt securities purchased in connection with our balance sheet management activities. These securities are classified at the time of the purchase, based on management’s intentions, as either trading or permanent.

 

We account for financial investments that have a secondary market at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in other operating income (expenses) for those classified as trading investments, and unrealized gains and losses included in a separate component of shareholders’ equity for those classified as permanent, in accordance with the regulations of the Superintendency of Banks. All other financial investments are carried at acquisition cost plus accrued interest and UF indexation adjustments, as applicable.

 

If available, quoted market prices provide the best indication of value. If quoted market prices are not available for fixed maturity securities, we discount the expected cash flows using market interest rates commensurate with the credit quality and maturity of the investment. Alternatively, matrix or model pricing may be used to determine an appropriate fair value.

 

See discussion of Financial investments in Summary of Significant Accounting Principles in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Investments.

 

Price-level restatement

 

Chilean GAAP requires that the financial statements be restated to reflect the full effects of loss in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso on the financial position and results of operations of reporting entities. The method prescribes that the historical cost of all non-monetary accounts be restated for general price-level changes between the date of origin of each item and the year-end.

 

43


Our consolidated financial statements have been price-level restated in order to reflect the effects of the changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean currency during each year. All non-monetary assets and liabilities and all equity accounts have been restated to reflect the changes in the CPI from the date they were acquired or incurred to year-end. Consistent with general banking practices in Chile, no specific purchasing power adjustments of income statement amounts are made. The purchasing power gain or loss included in net income reflects the effects of Chilean inflation on the monetary assets and liabilities held by us.

 

For comparative purposes, the historical December 31, 2000 and 2001 consolidated financial statements and their accompanying notes have been presented in constant Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2002. This updating does not change the prior years’ statements or information in any way except to update the amounts to constant pesos of similar purchasing power.

 

The price-level adjusted consolidated financial statements do not purport to represent appraised values, replacement cost, or any other current value of assets at which transactions would take place currently and are only intended to restate all non-monetary consolidated financial statement components in terms of local currency of a single purchasing power and to include in the net result for each year the gain or loss in purchasing power arising from the holding of monetary assets and liabilities exposed to the effects of inflation.

 

See discussion of Price-level restatement in Summary of Significant Accounting Principles in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Investments.

 

Goodwill

 

Under U.S. GAAP, we have significant intangible assets related to goodwill. We record all assets and liabilities acquired in purchase acquisitions, including goodwill and other acquired intangibles, at fair value as required by SFAS 141. These include amounts pushed down from Banco Santander Central Hispano. Goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are no longer amortized over their estimated useful lives using straight-line and accelerated methods, and are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount. The initial goodwill and intangibles recorded and subsequent impairment analysis requires management to make subjective judgments concerning estimates of how the acquired asset will perform in the future using a discounted cash flow analysis. Additionally, estimated cash flows may extend beyond ten years and, by their nature, are difficult to determine. Events and factors that my significantly affect the estimates include, among others, competitive forces, customer behavior and attrition, changes in revenue growth trends, cost structures and technology and changes in interest rates and specific industry or market sector conditions. Impairment is recognized earlier whenever warranted. For a further discussion of accounting practices for goodwill under U.S. GAAP, see Note 28 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Change in Accounting Principles

 

In accordance with Circular No. 3,029 issued by the Superintendency of Banks, dated October 27, 1999, fees and expenses related to loans, as well as fees for services rendered, are deferred and recognized in income over the term of the loans to which they relate, and over the period that the services are performed. Prior to January 1, 2000, these fees and expenses were recognized in income as the fee was received or the expense incurred. This change resulted in a higher income of MCh$1,603 and MCh$1,171 for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

 

In accordance with Circular No. 3,029 issued by the Superintendency of Banks, dated October 27, 1999 and effective from January, 2000, the costs of new computer software systems or new improvements to the existing systems developed for internal use, are permitted to be capitalized and amortized over a maximum period of 3 years. Prior to this change, only costs of development made with third parties were permitted to be capitalized. This change resulted in a lower expense of MCh$1,473 and MCh$947 for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

 

In accordance with Circular No. 3,061, dated June 27, 2000, and Circular letter No. 3 related to banking subsidiaries, dated June 14, 2000, and effective from June 2000, if assets received or awarded in lieu of payment, and assets recovered from leasing operations, are not sold within one year, then recorded asset amounts must be written-off on at least a straight-line basis over the following 18-month period. The previous Superintendency of Banks regulation required that such assets not sold within one year be completely written-off at that date. This change allowed us to maintain in assets the assets received in lieu of payment in the amount of MCh$ 13,236 and MCh$ 2,561 for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

 

Through Circular Nº 3.196 dated October 7, 2002, the Superintendency of Banks set up a new methodology to record the financial investment in self-issued mortgage finance bonds, which up to then were recorded under Assets, maintaining liabilities for the bonds issued. In conformity with the current regulation, as of December 31, 2002 this standard considers to decrease Assets for the bonds issued upon investing in self-issued mortgage finance bonds, with no significant effects both on income and shareholders’ equity on that date.

 

These changes in accounting principles were made to comply with the regulations issued by the Superintendency of Banks.

 

See discussion of changes in accounting principles in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Investments.

 

44


Differences between Chilean and United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

 

Accounting principles generally accepted in Chile vary in certain important respects from the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Such differences involve certain methods for measuring the amounts shown in the consolidated financial statements, as well as additional disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and the accounting treatment of the merger.

 

Note 28 to the consolidated Financial Statements presents a description of the significant differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP.

 

B. Operating Results

 

Chilean Economy

 

All of the operations and substantially all of our customers are located in Chile. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are substantially dependent upon economic conditions prevailing in Chile. The Chilean economy experienced continuous significant growth in the 1990s, but in recent years this growth has stagnated. In the last ten years GDP growth averaged 5.6% and in the last 5 years GDP has grown 3.1% per year on average as a result of a series of international crisis that has led to an important decline in consumer and investor confidence in Chile. In 2002 Chile’s GDP grew only 2.1%, impacted by the slower growth rate of the U.S. and major world economies and the indirect effects of the financial crises in Argentina and Brazil. The low growth rate of the economy also capped inflation which reached 2.8% in 2002 despite the fact that the Chilean peso depreciated 8.6% against the dollar. As a result of this low growth and inflationary environment, the Central Bank in 2002 continued to relax its monetary policy. The overnight interbank rate set by the Central Bank was reduced to a historical low of 2.75% per annum in nominal terms in January 2003.

 

Despite Chile’s lower growth rate, in the second half of 2002 the economy showed some signs of acceleration pushed by lower interest rates and the better than expected evolution of the Brazilian economy. GDP in the fourth quarter grew at an annual rate of 3.2% and unemployment ended the year at 7.8%. Despite these developments at the macroeconomic level, we believe there still exists the potential for a reduction in economic activity in Chile.

 

Impact of Inflation

 

Although Chilean inflation has moderated in recent years, Chile has experienced high levels of inflation in the past. High levels of inflation in Chile could adversely affect the Chilean economy and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In the year 2000 inflation increased to 4.5% as a result of the economic recovery and the rise in international oil prices. In 2001, the inflation rate decreased again to 2.6%, reflecting the low growth rate of internal demand, the fall in international oil prices and high unemployment rates. In 2002 inflation reached 2.8% also due to the low growth rate of internal demand. There can be no assurance that Chilean inflation will not change significantly from the current level. Although we currently benefit from moderate levels of inflation in Chile due to the current structure of our assets and liabilities (i.e., we have a significant amount of deposits that are not indexed to the inflation rate and/or do not accrue interest, while a significant portion of our loans are indexed to the inflation rate), there can be no assurance that our business, financial condition and result of operations in the future will not be adversely affected by changing levels of inflation.

 

UF-denominated Assets and Liabilities. The “Unidad de Fomento” (UF) is revalued in monthly cycles. On every day in the period beginning the tenth day of the current month through the ninth day of the succeeding month, the nominal peso value of the UF is indexed up (or down in the event of deflation) in order to reflect each day a proportional amount of the prior calendar month’s change in the CPI. One UF was equal to Ch$15,769.92, Ch$16,262.66 and Ch$16,744.12 at December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. The effect of any changes in the nominal peso value of our UF-denominated assets and liabilities is reflected in its results of operations as an increase (or decrease, in the event of deflation) in interest revenue and expense, respectively. Our net interest revenue will be positively affected by an inflationary environment to the extent that our average UF-denominated assets exceed our average UF-denominated liabilities. Our net interest revenue will be negatively affected by inflation in any period in which our average UF-denominated liabilities exceed our average UF-denominated assets. Our average UF-denominated assets exceeded our average UF-denominated liabilities by Ch$303,597 million, Ch$319,921 million (Ch$628,548 million on a combined basis) and Ch$1,001,200 during the years-ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and

 

45


December 31, 2002, respectively. See “Item 5D: Asset and Liability Management—Selected Statistical Information—Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rate Data.”

 

Price Level Restatements. Chilean GAAP requires that financial statements be restated to reflect the full effects of loss in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso on the financial position and results of operations of reporting entities. The method prescribes that the historical cost of all non-monetary accounts be restated for general price-level changes between the date of origin of each item and the year-end. Our audited consolidated financial statements have been price-level restated in order to reflect the effects of the changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso during each year. All non-monetary assets and liabilities and all equity accounts have been restated to reflect the changes in the Consumer Price Index from the date they were acquired or incurred to year-end. Consistent with general banking practices in Chile, no specific purchasing power adjustments of income statement amounts are made. The purchasing power gain or loss included in net income reflects the effects of Chilean inflation on the monetary assets and liabilities held by us.

 

For comparative purposes, the historical December 31, 2000 and 2001 audited consolidated financial statements and their accompanying notes have been presented in constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2002. As described in paragraph 1(p) of our audited consolidated financial statements, certain balances of previous years’ financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the present year presentation.

 

The price-level adjusted audited consolidated financial statements do not purport to represent appraised values, replacement cost, or any other current value of assets at which transactions would take place currently and are only intended to restate all nonmonetary consolidated financial statement components in terms of local currency of a single purchasing power and to include in the net result for each year the gain or loss in purchasing power arising from the holding of monetary assets and liabilities exposed to the effects of inflation. See the discussion of price-level restatement in Note 1(b) to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

The inflation rate used for purposes of such adjustments is the change in the CPI during the 12 months ended November 30 of the reported year. The change in the CPI used for price level restatement purposes was 4.7%, 3.1% and 3.0% in the twelve months ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002. The actual change in the CPI was 4.5%, 2.6% and 2.8% in the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

 

Peso-denominated Assets and Liabilities. Rates of interest prevailing in Chile during any period reflect in significant part the rate of inflation during the period and expectations of future inflation. The responsiveness to such prevailing rates of our peso-denominated interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities varies. See “Item 5B: Operating Results—Interest Rates.” We maintain a substantial amount of non interest bearing peso-denominated demand deposits. The ratio of such demand deposits to average interest earning assets was 14.6% and 15.1% (15.6% on a combined basis) and 15.2% as of December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Because such deposits are not sensitive to inflation or changes in the market interest rate environment, any decline in market rates of interest or the rate of inflation adversely affects our net interest margin on assets funded with such deposits and any increase in the rate of inflation increases the net interest margin on such assets.

 

Interest Rates

 

Interest rates earned and paid on our assets and liabilities reflect, to a certain degree, inflation, expectations regarding inflation, shifts in short term interest rates set by the Central Bank and movements in long-term real rates. The Central Bank manages short term interest rates based on its objectives of balancing low inflation and economic growth. Because our liabilities generally reprice faster than its assets, changes in the rate of inflation or short term rates in the economy are reflected in the rates of interest paid by us on our liabilities before such changes are reflected in the rates of interest earned by us on our assets. Therefore, when short-term interest rates fall, our net interest margin is positively impacted, but when short-term rates increase, our interest margin is negatively affected. At the same time, our net interest margin tends to be adversely affected in the short term by a decrease in inflation since generally our UF-denominated assets exceeds UF-denominated liabilities. See “Item 5B: Operating Results—Impact of Inflation—Peso denominated Assets and Liabilities.” An increase in long-term rates also has a positive effect on our net interest margin, because our interest-earning assets generally have a longer duration than our interest-bearing liabilities. In addition, because our peso-denominated liabilities have relatively short repricing periods, they are generally more responsive to changes in inflation or short term rates than our UF-denominated liabilities. As a result, during periods when current inflation or expected inflation exceeds the previous month’s inflation, customers often switch funds from UF-denominated deposits to more expensive peso-denominated deposits, thereby adversely affecting our net interest margin.

 

46


Foreign Exchange Fluctuations

 

A significant portion of our assets and liabilities is denominated in foreign currencies, principally the U.S. dollar, and we historically have maintained and may continue to maintain material gaps between the balances of such assets and liabilities. Because such assets and liabilities, as well as interest earned or paid on such assets and liabilities, and gains (losses) realized upon the sale of such assets, are translated to Chilean pesos in preparing our financial statements, our reported income is affected by changes in the value of the Chilean peso with respect to foreign currencies (principally the U.S. dollar). The Chilean government’s economic policies and any future changes in the value of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The Chilean peso has been subject to large devaluation in the past, including a decrease of 8.5% in 2000, 14.7% in 2001 and 8.6% in 2002, and may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future. See “Item 3A: Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rates.” Our results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates between the Chilean peso and the U.S. dollar, despite our policy and Chilean regulations relating to the general avoidance of material exchange rate mismatches. Entering into forward exchange transactions enables us to avoid such material exchange rate mismatches. In the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 the gap between foreign currency denominated assets and foreign currency denominated liabilities, including forward contracts was Ch$174,098 million, Ch$193,475 million (Ch$196,461 million on a combined basis) and Ch$11,396 million, respectively.

 

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002

 

The following discussion is based upon and should be read in conjunction with the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The Audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP (including the rules of the Superintendency of Banks relating thereto), which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 28 to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements describes the principal differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP and includes a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of our net income for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and of our shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2001 and 2002. The Audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been restated in constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2002. See Note 1(b) to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Introduction

 

On August 1, 2001, Old Santander-Chile was merged into Santiago. Upon giving effect to the merger, Santiago changed its name to Banco Santander-Chile. See “Item 4A: Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Overview” For an explanation of the accounting treatment of the merger see “Presentation of Financial Information—Merger-Accounting Treatment” and “Item 8A: Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.”

 

Unless otherwise stated, the following financial data reflect the merger as follows:

 

    The 2000 financial data is derived from the historical income statement of Santiago prepared under Chilean GAAP.

 

    The 2001 financial data is presented in two separate columns. The column labeled “2001 (audited)” is derived from the historical income statements of Santiago prepared under Chilean GAAP, while the column labeled “Combined 2001 (unaudited)”, reflects the aggregation of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile’s financial results of operation as separately reported under Chilean GAAP for the year ended December 31, 2001, without elimination of inter-company balances or transactions and without reflecting merger synergies or expenses. There were no material inter-company balances or transactions between Santiago and Old Santander-Chile as of the dates and for the periods for which combined information is provided. Tables showing this aggregation are provided in “Item 5G: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Reconciliation of Combined Financial and Statistical Information.”

 

    The 2002 financial data is derived from our historical income statement, which reflects the merger of Santiago and Old Santander-Chile on a prospective basis from January 1, 2002 as mandated by Chilean GAAP.

 

47


    The column labeled “2000/2001” presents the variation expressed in percentage points between the historical financial data presented for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001.

 

    The column labeled “2001 Combined/2002” presents the variation expressed in percentage points between the combined financial data presented for the year ended December 31, 2001 and the historical financial data presented for the year ended December 31, 2002. Tables showing this aggregation are provided in “Item 5G: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Reconciliation of Combined Financial and Statistical Information.”

 

The following table sets forth the principal components of our net income for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.

 

     For the year-ended December 31,

      % Change

 
     2000

    2001

    Combined
2001(1)
(unaudited)


    2002

    2002

    2000/
2001(2)


    2001/2002

    2001
Combined/
2002
(unaudited)


 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of as of
December 31, 2002)
    (in thousands
of US$)(3)
                   

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT DATA

                                                

Chilean GAAP:

                                                

Interest income and expense

                                                

Interest revenue

   644,025     596,763     1,113,478     1,031,577     1,448,072     (7.3 )%   72.9  %   (7.4 )%

Interest expense

   (403,245 )   (336,714 )   (631,231 )   (512,131 )   (718,902 )   (16.5 )   52.1     (18.9 )
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net interest revenue

   240,780     260,049     482,247     519,446     729,170     8.0     99.7     7.7  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Provision for loan losses

   (47,589 )   (47,946 )   (97,803 )   (91,207 )   (128,032 )   0.8     90.2     (6.7 )
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fees and income from services

                                                

Fees and other services income

   55,212     61,937     115,188     124,720     175,076     12.2     101.4     8.3  

Other services expense

   (14,628 )   (12,164 )   (19,217 )   (22,578 )   (31,694 )   (16.8 )   85.6     17.5  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total fees and income from services, net

   40,584     49,773     95,971     102,142     143,382     22.6     105.2     6.4  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other operating income, net

                                                

Net gain (loss) from trading and brokerage

   5,222     8,912     16,324     29,673     41,654     70.7     233.0     81.8  

Foreign exchange transactions, net

   11,830     10,385     30,658     (25,342 )   (35,574 )   (12.2 )   (344.0 )   (182.7 )

Others, net

   —       (6,416 )   (17,060 )   (18,150 )   (25,478 )   —       182.9     6.4  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total other operating income, net

   17,052     12,881     29,922     (13,819 )   (19,398 )   (24.5 )   (207.3 )   (146.2 )
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income and expenses

                                                

Loan loss recoveries

   9,355     11,672     24,171     25,134     35,282     24.8     115.3     4.0  

Non-operating income, net

   (6,230 )   (1,598 )   (4,045 )   (57,351 )   (80,506 )   (74.3 )   3488.9     1317.8  

Income attributable to investments in other companies

   96     198     455     442     621     106.3     123.2     (2.9 )

Losses attributable to minority interest

   (39 )   —       (89 )   (182 )   (256 )   (100.0 )   —       104.5  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total other income and expenses

   3,182     10,272     20,492     (31,957 )   (44,859 )   222.8     (411.1 )   (255.9 )
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating expenses

                                                

Personnel salaries and expenses

   (76,886 )   (83,985 )   (152,932 )   (147,517 )   (207,076 )   9.2     75.6     (3.5 )

Administrative and other expenses

   (56,764 )   (57,260 )   (101,251 )   (99,962 )   (140,321     0.9     74.6     (1.3 )

Depreciation and amortization

   (14,009 )   (17,307 )   (31,458 )   (39,353 )   (55,242 )   23.5     127.4     25.1  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

   (147,659 )   (158,552 )   (285,641 )   (286,832 )   (402,639 )   7.4     80.9     0.4  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain (loss) from price-level restatement

   (11,973 )   (7,843 )   (14,180 )   (13,024 )   (18,283 )   (34.5 )   66.1     (8.2 )
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

   94,377     118,634     231,008     184,749     259,341     25.7     55.7     (20.0 )

Income taxes

   (424 )   3,645     (13,910 )   (27,434 )   (38,510 )   (959.7 )   (852.6 )   97.2  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

   93,953     122,279     217,098     157,315     220,831     30.1     28.7     (27.5 )
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

48



(1)   Reflects the aggregation of Santiago’s and Old Santander-Chile’s financial condition and results of operations as separately reported under Chilean GAAP for 2001, without elimination of inter-company balances or transactions and without reflecting merger synergies or expenses. There were no material inter-company balances or transactions between Santiago and Old Santander-Chile as of the dates and for the periods for which combined information is provided.

 

(2)   Compares 2001 historical financial data to 2000 historical financial data.

 

(3)   Compares 2002 historical financial data to combined 2001 data.

 

(4)   Amounts stated in US dollars as and for year-ended December 31, 2002 have been translated from Chilean pesos at the exchange rate of Ch$712.38 = US$1.00 as of December 31, 2002. See Item 3A: Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rates” for more information on the observed exchange rate.

 

The following table sets forth (i) our reported results of operation for 2002, (ii) the expenses we incurred during that period in connection with the merger and integration of our predecessor banks, and (iii) our results of operations excluding merger integration expenses for that period.

 

     As of and for the year-ended December 31,

 
    

2002, as reported

(including merger

expenses)


    Merger expenses

    2002, as adjusted
(excluding merger
expenses)


 
    

(in millions of constant Ch$

as of December 31, 2002)

 

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT DATA

                  

Chilean GAAP:

                  

Net interest revenue

   519,446           519,446  

Provision for loan losses

   (91,207 )   11,950 (1)   (79,257 )

Total fees and income from services, net

   102,142           102,142  

Total other operating income, net

   (13,819 )         (13,819 )

Other income (expenses), net

   (31,957 )   51,431 (2)   19,474  

Operating expenses

   (286,832 )         (286,832 )

Loss from price-level restatement

   (13,024 )         (13,024 )

Income before income taxes

   184,749     63,381     248,130  

(1)   Leveling of credit risk classifications and charge-offs.

 

(2)   Direct merger costs and harmonization of fixed asset depreciation criteria.

 

2001 and 2002. Net income for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2002 increased 28.7% compared to 2001 Santiago stand-alone figures. This was mainly due to the merger.

 

Net income for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2002 decreased 27.5% to Ch$157,315 million compared to combined net income of Ch$217,098 million for the same period in 2001. The decrease primarily reflected a Ch$63,381 million charge for merger integration expenses incurred during the second half of 2002. Net income was also adversely affected by a higher effective tax rate in 2002 compared to the combined effective tax rate for the same period in 2001. The increase in the effective tax rate reflected the depletion of Santiago’s tax loss carry-forwards, which had resulted in tax benefits for Santiago during the previous period. Excluding the effect of merger-related charges, pre-tax income would have increased by 7.4% to Ch$248,130 million in 2002 compared to combined pre-tax net income of Ch$ 184,749 million for the same period in 2002, primarily reflecting higher gains on financial investments and trading, higher fee income and lower personnel and administrative expenses, all of which offset a 3.7% decline in combined net interest revenue after hedging. Our efficiency ratio was 47.2%, the lowest among our peer group competitors.

 

49


Net interest revenue

 

     Year Ended December 31,

          % Change

 
     2000

    2001

    2001 Combined
(unaudited)


    2002

    2000/2001

    2001/2002

    2001 Combined/
2002
(unaudited)


 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002,  
     except percentages)  

Interest revenue

   644,025     596,763     1,113,478     1,031,577     (7.3 )%   72.9 %   (7.4 )%

Interest expense

   (403,245 )   (336,714 )   (631,231 )   (512,131 )   (16.5 )%   52.1 %   (18.9 )%

Net interest revenue

   240,780     260,049     482,247     519,446     8.0 %   99.7 %   7.7 %

Average interest earning assets

   5,250,579     5,719,064     10,599,852     10,859,722     8.9 %   89.9 %   2.5 %

Average non-interest bearing demand deposits

   765,595     863,394     1,649,226     1,649,587     12.8 %   91.1 %   0.0 %

Net interest margin(1)

   4.6 %   4.6 %   4.6 %   4.8 %                  

Adjusted net interest margin(2)

   4.8 %   4.7 %   4.8 %   4.6 %                  

Average shareholders’ equity and average demand deposits to total average earning assets

   23.6 %   24.3 %   24.7 %   24.2 %                  

(1)   Net interest margin is net interest revenue divided by average interest earning assets.

 

(2)   Net interest margin including results of forward contracts. Pursuant to Chilean GAAP, Santander-Chile cannot include as net interest revenue the results of forward contracts, which hedge foreign currencies. Under the rules of the Superintendency of Banks, these gains (or losses) cannot be considered interest revenue, but must be considered as gains (or losses) from foreign exchange transactions and, accordingly, recorded as a different item in the income statement. This distorts net interest revenue and foreign exchange transaction gains especially during periods when the exchange rate is highly volatile.

 

(3)   Nominal rate earned minus nominal rate paid.

 

(4)   Real rate earned minus real rate paid.

 

Net interest revenue in the year ended December 31, 2002 increased 99.7% mainly as a result of the merger.

 

Net interest revenue for the year ended December 31, 2002 increased 7.7% to Ch$519,446 million compared to combined net interest revenue of Ch$482,247 million for the same period in 2001. The increase reflected a 2.5% increase in average earning assets and an increase in net interest margin to 4.78% compared to combined net interest margin of 4.55% for the same period in 2001. Including the results of hedging operations, our net interest margin declined from 4.84% on a combined basis in 2001 to 4.55% for in 2002 and net interest revenue declined 3.7% from Ch$512,905 million on a combined basis in 2001 to Ch$494,104 million for the 2002 period.

 

The decline in our net interest margin adjusted for the results of hedging transactions mainly reflected the impact of low interest rates and the low-inflation environment during the 2002 period, which was partially offset by limited improvements in our asset and funding mix. Currently, we do not anticipate that this trend will improve in 2003. The average nominal rate earned on our combined interest-earning assets decreased from 10.5% in 2001 to 9.5% in 2002, reflecting the lower interest rate and inflationary environment. The 90-day Central Bank rate, a benchmark rate for deposits and short-term loans expressed in nominal terms, decreased from 6.51% as of December 31, 2001 to 2.88% as of December 31, 2002. Although our margins initially benefit from a decrease in interest rates, because liabilities re-price faster than our interest earning assets, over time interest earning assets will eventually reflect the decrease in interest rates. The average real rate earned over our interest earning assets also decreased to 8.5% in 2002 from 9.4% in 2001 which demonstrates more clearly the reduction of real interest rates in Chile. The yield of the 8-year bond, a significant benchmark for mortgage loans and long-term financial investments decreased 56 basis point in real terms in 2002 compared to year-end 2001. We expect that the effect of declining interest rates will be further exacerbated by expected lower inflation rates, which we expect will cause the contraction of the spreads earned over non interest-bearing liabilities, e.g. checking accounts, and amounts earned on UF-denominated interest-earning assets.

 

The improvement of our asset mix through the growth of higher-yielding retail loans offset in part the recent contraction of our hedging-adjusted net interest margin. Compared to combined December 31, 2001 figures, total loans at December 31, 2002 decreased 10.9%, while consumer loans at that date increased 7.6%. The average rate on consumer loans in 2002 reached 26.6% compared to the 9.5% nominal rate earned on interest earning assets as a whole. Demand for consumer financing loans also increased as a result of prevailing lower interest rates, especially in the second half of 2002. This was apparent in all income segments. Loans at Banefe increased 4.6% in 2002, the first real growth rate in several years. Commercial loans decreased 16.1% as a result of our strategy of reducing our participation in both the low-yielding short-term large corporate lending market, as well as the implementation of our policy of reducing our exposure to the commercial real estate sector for credit risk reasons. In addition, low-

 

50


yielding interbank loans decreased 94.6% and contingent loans decreased 15.3%, compared to 2001 combined figures.

 

Lower funding costs also offset in part the decline of our hedging-adjusted net interest margin. The nominal rate earned over interest bearing deposits decreased 150 basis points to 5.9% and the real rate paid decreased 120 basis points to 4.5% in 2002. The average balance of time deposits increased 2.2% in 2002 compared to 2001. Time deposits continue to be the main source of funding representing 40.0% of total average liabilities. The majority of these time deposits have a maturity of 90 days or less and therefore, the cost of these funds varies in line with the 90-day Central Bank rate. As a result, the real rate paid on time deposits fell 172 basis points to 3.1%. The nominal rate paid on time deposits also decreased 190 basis points to 4.7% also a result of the lower interest rate environment and low inflation rates. The balance of saving time deposits decreased 19.1% as a result of various factors including a reduction in low-yielding assets which are mainly funded through our deposit base and a decrease in deposits from pension funds. See “Risk Factors—Risks Associated with the Merger—The merger may affect our access to funding from Chilean pension funds (AFPs)” and “Market Risk Disclosure of the New Bank—Chilean Pension Funds.” Finally, low inflation rates and lower interest rates have made other investment alternatives more attractive. We have also been proactively encouraging clients to invest in mutual funds instead of short-term deposits as we have excess liquidity given the constrained outlook for loan growth.

 

Our ratio of average non-interest-bearing demand deposits and equity to average earning assets remained stable at 24.2% in 2002 compared to previous years. The growth rate of average non-interest-bearing demand deposits was flat in 2002. The balance of non-interest bearing demand deposits increased 8.7% reflecting individual consumers’ preference for readily available funds deposited into checking accounts instead of low-yielding time deposits. This growth was achieved despite the decrease in our market share in checking accounts from large corporations, mainly as a result of client overlapping.

 

2000 and 2001. Our net interest revenue increased 8.0% from Ch$240,780 million in 2000 to Ch$260,049 million in 2001 primarily due to a 16.5% decrease in interest expense, which was partially offset by a 7.3% decrease in interest revenue. The 7.3% reduction in interest revenue resulted from a 15.0% (184 basis points) decrease in the nominal average interest rate earned on those assets, which was partially offset by an 8.9% increase in average interest-earning assets. The nominal average interest rate earned was 10.43% in 2001 and 12.27% for 2000.

 

The most significant factors leading to the increase in average interest earning assets in 2000 were the 13.4% growth of Chilean peso-denominated loans and the 28.8% growth of foreign currency denominated loans. In addition, UF–denominated loans and mortgage loans financed with mortgage bonds increased by 1.2% and 6.3%, respectively.

 

The reduction in the nominal interest rates affected all three asset classes. The nominal interest rates on peso-denominated assets decreased 208 basis points, nominal interest rates on UF–denominated assets decreased 226 basis points and nominal interest rates on foreign currency denominated assets decreased 104 basis points. For peso- and UF–denominated average interest earning assets, the reduction in nominal interest rates is a consequence of lower inflation. For foreign currency denominated assets, the reduction in nominal interest rates resulted from the lower interest rates prevailing in the international market and, in particular, the U.S. market.

 

Our peso-denominated interest-earning assets accounted for 22.1% of total interest-earning assets in 2001 up from 20.0% in 2000. Interest earned on peso-denominated interest-earning assets accounted for 34.7% of total interest earned in 2001, up from 30.1% in 2000.

 

Provision for loan losses

 

Chilean banks are required to maintain reserves to cover possible credit losses that at least equal their loans to customers multiplied by the greater of (i) their risk index or (ii) 0.75%. The risk index is derived from management’s classification of our portfolio according to objective criteria relating to the performance of the loans or, in the case of commercial loans, management’s estimate of the likelihood of default. Banks in Chile are also required to establish individual loan loss allowances for loans that are more than 90 days past due. The amount of the individual loan loss provision is equal to 100% of the unsecured past due portion of the loan if such amounts in the aggregate exceed the global loan loss allowance. See “Item 5D: Asset and Liability Management—

 

51


Loan Portfolio—Classification of Loan Portfolio” and “Item 5D: Asset and Liability Management—Loan Loss Allowances.” Banks in Chile are also required to maintain additional consumer loan loss provisions. A bank may also voluntarily maintain additional loan loss provisions in excess of the minimum amounts required as global and individual loan loss allowances. Provisions to such voluntary reserves are not deducted from income for tax purposes.

 

For statistical information with respect to our substandard loans and reserves for possible loan losses, see “Item 5D: Asset and Liability Management—Loan Loss Provisions—Analysis of Substandard Loans and Amounts Past Due” and “Item 5D: Asset and Liability Management—Loan Loss Provisions—Analysis of Loan Loss Provisions”, as well as Note 5 to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The amount of provision charged to income in any period consists of net provisions established for possible loan losses, net of provisions made with respect to real estate acquired upon foreclosure and charge-offs against income (equal to the portion of loans charged off that is not allocated to a required reserve at the time of charge off).

 

Provisions for loan losses for year-ended December 31, 2002 increased 90.2% compared to 2001 mainly as a result of the merger.

 

Provisions for loan losses for year-ended December 31, 2002 decreased 6.7% to Ch$91,207 million compared to combined provisions for loan losses of Ch$97,803 million for the same period in 2001, mainly reflecting the reclassification during the second quarter of 2002 of Ch$6,940 million in voluntary provisions from provisions for loan losses to other non-operating income, net, which is part of other income and expenses. The reclassification was in response to new guidelines issued by the Superintendency of Banks which required that these voluntary loan provisions be reclassified because they were not linked to any specific credit risk.

 

Excluding the reclassification of voluntary provisions, provisions for loan losses would have been Ch$98,147 million, a 0.4% increase compared to combined provisions for loan losses of Ch$97,803 million for the year-ended December 31, 2001. The increase in our provisions for loan losses, mainly reflected a provision charge of Ch$11,950 million, accrued in the second half of 2002, as a result of the leveling of credit risk classifications in the Old Santander-Chile and Santiago loan portfolios and merger-related charge-offs. In cases in which a client common to both banks had been assigned a dissimilar risk classification, we have adopted the policy of classifying such client at the lower classification level. Also, as part of the merger-related review of our loan portfolio, we have decided to charge-off certain loans. As a result of the leveling, our risk index increased to 1.68%, which was higher than the risk index of each of Old Santander-Chile and Santiago prior to the merger. Past due loans at December 31, 2002 increased 41.7% to Ch$166,850 million compared to combined past due loans of Ch$117,746 million at year-end 2001. The increase was mainly related to temporary operational disruptions in loan portfolio management caused by the merger integration process. The coverage ratio decreased to 100.5%, principally as a result of the increase is past due loans. See Item 4 A: History and Development of the Company—Merger Update—Credit Risk.

 

The weaker economic environment also contributed to the increase in both our risk index and past due loans by negatively impacting asset quality throughout the financial system.

 

2000 and 2001. We continued to show improvement in our risk index (consolidated) from 1.37% as of December 31, 2000 to 1.35% as of December 31, 2001, although the rate of improvement slowed relative to the prior year. Despite the weaker than expected economic recovery during 2001, we recorded a consolidated loan growth of 6.9% in 2001. As a result, our provision for loan losses increased 0.8% in 2001 compared to 2000.

 

Fee income

 

The following table sets forth certain components of our income from services (net of fees paid to third parties directly connected to providing those services, principally fees relating to credit card processing and ATM network administration) in the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002.

 

52


     Year ended December 31,

   % Change

 
     2000

   2001

  

2001
Combined

(unaudited)


   2002

   2000/2001

    2001/2002

    2001
Combined/
2002


 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002, except percentages)  

Payment agency services

   7,674    9,550    13,961    14,640    24.4 %   53.3 %   4.9 %

Checking accounts

   7,639    9,698    19,696    28,284    27.0     191.6     43.6  

Credit cards(1)

   4,103    5,103    11,917    11,644    24.4     128.2     (2.3 )

Automatic Teller cards(2)

   3,687    3,289    8,246    6,899    (10.8 )   109.8     (16.3 )

Letters of credit, guarantees, pledges and other contingent loans

   905    891    2,460    2,882    (1.6 )   223.5     17.2  

Lines of credit

   1,704    3,146    7,929    4,542    84.7     44.4     (42.7 )

Underwriting

   741    1,024    4,354    4,921    38.3     380.6     13.0  

Bank drafts and fund transfers

   —      —      224    179    —       —       (20.3 )

Sales and purchases of foreign currencies

   2,126    2,462    3,610    3,909    15.8     58.8     8.3  

Insurance brokerage

   2,967    3,275    4,136    3,553    10.4     8.5     (14.1 )

Custody and trust services

   277    289    568    579    4.4     100.3     1.9  

Mutual fund services

   5,915    6,384    12,637    13,867    7.9     117.2     9.7  

Savings accounts

   2,052    2,050    2,486    1,551    (0.1 )   (24.3 )   (37.6 )

Factoring

   436    941    941    76    115.8     (91.9 )   (91.9 )

Other

   358    1,672    2,806    4,616    367.0     176.2     64.5  
    
  
  
  
                  

Total

   40,584    49,773    95,971    102,142    22.6     105.2     6.4  
    
  
  
  
                  

(1) Net of payments to Transbank in respect of credit card purchase processing expenses.

 

(2) Net of payments to REDBANC in respect of ATM transaction processing expenses.

 

Fee income for the year-ended December 31, 2002 increased 105.2% compared to 2001, mainly as a result of the merger.

 

Fee income for the year-ended December 31, 2002 increased 6.4% as compared to combined fee income for the same period in 2001. The increase in fee income reflected mainly an increase in checking account fees that rose 43.6% compared to combined data for the 2001 period. Fees from asset management increased 9.7% to Ch$13,867 million compared to Ch$12,637 million combined asset management fees for same period of 2001. Total funds under management increased 21.8% in 2002 to Ch$1,026,992 million compared to combined 2001 assets under management.

 

2000 and 2001. Our fees and income from services (net) increased 22.6% in 2001 compared to 2000 due in part to a new segmentation strategy, implemented late in 2000, which led to a new pricing policy. The primary areas in which fees and income from services (net) increased in 2001 were current accounts, lines of credit and overdrafts, credit cards and collections.

 

Other operating income (expenses), net

 

Other operating expenses, net for the year-ended December 31, 2002 totaled a loss of Ch$13,819 million compared to a gain of Ch$12,881 million for the year-ended December 31, 2001. This mainly reflects a loss of Ch$25,342 million from foreign exchange transactions, net in 2002 compared to a gain of Ch$10,385 million in 2001.

 

Other operating expenses, net for the year-ended December 31, 2002 totaled a loss of Ch$13,819 million compared to a combined gain of Ch$29,922 million in the year-ended December 31, 2001. This mainly reflects a loss of Ch$25,342 million from foreign exchange transactions, net in 2002 compared to a again of Ch$30,658 million in 2001. These losses consisted mainly of the accrual cost of foreign currency forward contracts to hedge net interest revenue and reflected the depreciation of the Chilean peso against the US dollar for the period. Under applicable Superintendency of Banks guidelines these gains or losses cannot be considered interest revenue, but must be considered as gains or losses from foreign exchange transactions and, accordingly, registered in a different

 

53


line item of the income statement. This accounting asymmetry distorts net interest income and foreign exchange transaction gains, especially in periods of high exchange rate volatility.

 

This higher loss from foreign exchange transactions was partially offset by the 81.8% increase in 2002 compared to combined 2001 from unrealized gains on financial investments and realized gains from trading, reflecting a strong decline in interest rates that resulted in larger unrealized gains from the mark-to-market of our trading portfolio as well as higher realized gains from the sale of financial investments.

 

The 6.4% increase in the loss in other operating expenses in the year-ended December 31, 2002 compared to combined a year-end December 31, 2001 figures was primarily the result of higher customer service expenses. The increase in sales force expenses mainly reflected a rise in retail banking activity in middle- to upper-income individuals offset by a reduced sale efforts related to Banefe.

 

2000 and 2001. Our total other operating income (net) decreased 22.6% in 2001 compared to 2000 mainly due to the reclassification of sales force expenses from administrative expenses to other operating expenses. With respect to foreign exchange transactions (net), the exchange rates of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar were highly volatile in 2001, due to several worldwide events including the September 11, 2001 attacks and the crisis in Argentina. As a result, our net income from foreign exchange transactions (net) decreased 12.2% from Ch$11,489 million in 2000 to Ch$10,086 million in 2001. We hedge our dollar position with Central Bank securities which are Chilean peso-denominated and indexed to the U.S. dollar. Interest on these securities is booked as part of our net interest margin as interest is earned.

 

This was offset by a 70.7% increase in gains from trading activities (net) in 2001 compared to 2000. During 2001 our treasury has been very active in taking short- and long-term positions in Central Bank securities and mortgage bonds in order to take advantage of the low interest rate environment on the funding side. In addition, during 2001 we securitized a portion of our mortgage portfolio, generating additional income of Ch$1,956 million.

 

Other income and expenses, net

 

Other income and expenses, net for the year-ended December 31, 2002 totaled a loss of Ch$31,957 million compared to a gain of Ch$10,272 million in the 2001 period.

 

Other income and expenses, net for the year-ended December 31, 2002 totaled a loss of Ch$31,957 million compared to a combined gain of Ch$20,492 million for the 2001 period. Other expense included a charge of Ch$38,629 million accrued in connection with the merger, included in non-operating income, net. This charge included Ch$22,063 million in severance payments and Ch$16,566 million other expenses directly incurred in connection with the merger such as system-related charges, marketing expenses, legal costs and moving expenses. Other expenses also included in 2002 a Ch$12,802 million charge related to the harmonization of depreciation criteria of fixed assets. Old Santander-Chile and Santiago depreciated some fixed assets at different rates. We adopted the most conservative criteria between the two used by the separate banks.

 

The decrease in other income, net was also due to the reclassification of Ch$6,940 million from voluntary loan loss allowances to other liabilities in the balance sheet and from voluntary provisions to nonoperating income, net in the income statement in 2002. The reclassification was in response to new guidelines issued by the Superintendency of Banks, which required that these voluntary loan provisions be reclassified because they were not linked to any specific credit risk.

 

The decrease in other income, net was partially offset by higher gains from the sale of foreclosed assets and the 3.9% rise in recovery of loans previously charged off compared to combined 2001 figures.

 

2000 and 2001. Our total other income (net) increases 222.8% in 2001 compared to 2000 primarily due to a 74.3% decrease in non-operating losses.

 

Operating expenses

 

The following table sets forth information regarding our operating expenses in the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002.

 

54


     Year ended December 31,

    % Change

 
     2000

    2001

    2001
Combined
(unaudited)


    2002

    2000/2001

    2001/2002

    2001
Combined/
2002


 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002, except percentages)  

Personnel salaries and expenses

   (76,886 )   (83,985 )   (152,932 )   (147,517 )   9.2 %   75.6 %   (3.5 )%

Administrative expenses

   (56,764 )   (57,260 )   (101,251 )   (99,962 )   0.9     74.6     (1.3 )

Depreciation and amortization

   (14,009 )   (17,307 )   (31,458 )   (39,353 )   23.5     127.4     25.1  
    

 

 

 

                 

Total

   (147,659 )   (158,552 )   (285,641 )   (286,832 )   7.4     80.9     0.4  
    

 

 

 

                 

Efficiency ratio(1)

   49.5 %   49.1 %   47.0 %   47.2 %                  

(1)   The efficiency ratio is the ratio of total operating expenses to total operating revenue. Total operating revenue consists of net interest revenue, fees and income from services, net, and other operating income, net.

 

Operating expenses for the year-ended December 31, 2002 increased 80.9% to Ch$286,832 million compared to former Santiago operating expenses in 2001, mainly as a result of the merger.

 

Operating expenses for the year-ended December 31, 2002 increased 0.4% to Ch$286,832 million compared to combined operating expenses of Ch$285,641 million for the same period in 2001. The efficiency ratio was 47.2% for the year-ended December 31, 2002. The rise in operating expenses reflected in part the inclusion of Ch$4,000 million of expenses recorded in personnel expenses, related to harmonization of accounting for collective bargaining agreement costs, which each predecessor bank accrued under different methods. Despite this additional expense total personnel expenses fell 3.5% mainly as a result of the reduction of total headcount which in the year 2002 fell by 894 persons or 9.7%.

 

Administrative expenses decreased 1.3% in 2002 compared to combined administrative expenses for the year-ended December 31, 2001. Lower administrative expenses reflect cost saving being produced by the merger especially in the fourth quarter of 2002 and a decrease in costs associated with implementation of the (Altair) platform, which has now been completed. See Item 5: “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures”.

 

These reductions in costs was also offset by the 25.1% increase in amortization and depreciation, which reflect the high level of recent investments in technology in both Old Santander-Chile and Santiago.

 

2000 and 2001. Our total operating expenses increased 7.4% in 2001 compared to 2000, in part due to a 9.2% increase in personnel salaries and expenses and, to a lesser extent, to a 23.5% increase in depreciation and amortization. Administrative and other expenses remained virtually the same. Included in the increases in operating expenses for 2001 are non-recurring, one-time items and increases linked to bonuses.

 

Our operating expenses from depreciation and amortization increased 23.5% due to the implementation of our new technology platform.

 

Loss from price level restatement

 

Loss from price level restatement for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2002 increased 66.1% compared to the loss from price level restatement in former Santiago for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2001. This was mainly a result of the merger.

 

Loss from price level restatement for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2002 decreased 8.2% to Ch$13,024 million compared to combined loss from price level restatement of Ch$14,180 million for the same 2001 period. The lower loss from price level restatement reflects the lower inflation rate used for calculating price level restatement in the twelve month period ended December 31, 2002 (3.0%) compared to the same period of 2001 (3.1%) . Because our capital is larger than the sum of our fixed and other assets, price level restatement usually results in a loss and fluctuates with the variation of inflation.

 

55


The 34.5% decrease in the loss from price-level restatement in 2001 from 2000 is attributable to a lower inflation adjustment which is the change in the Chilean consumer price index from November of one year to November of the following year (3.1% in 2001 versus 4.7% in 2000).

 

Income tax

 

In 2001 former Santiago did not incur income taxes as it still was benefiting from tax loss carry-forwards related to the subordinated debt issue with the Central Bank of Chile. These tax loss carry-forwards expired in March 2002. We expect that in the future we will be paying an effective tax rate similar to the corporate tax rate in Chile, which in 2002 was 16%. As a result, total income tax as of December 31, 2002 increased 97.2% to Ch$27,434 million compared to combined tax income in 2001. The statutory corporate tax rate in Chile will increase to 16.5% in 2003 and 17.0% in 2004 and thereafter. The effective tax rate for the year-ended December 31, 2002 reached 14.8% compared to 6.0% for the same period in 2001.

 

C. Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Sources of Liquidity

 

Santander-Chile’s liquidity depends upon its (i) capital, (ii) reserves and (iii) financial investments, including investments in government securities. To cover any liquidity shortfalls and to augment its liquidity position, Santander-Chile has established lines of credit with foreign and domestic banks and also has access to Central Bank borrowings.

 

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments by time remaining to maturity. As of December 31, 2002, the scheduled maturities of our contractual obligations and of other commercial commitments, including accrued interest were as follows:

 

Contractual Obligations


   Due within 1
year


   Due after 1
year but
within 3 years


   Due after 3
years but
within 6 years


   Due within 6
years


   Total 2002

Deposit and other obligations(1)

   3,698,898    495,699    21,405    11,610    4,227,612

Mortgage finance bonds

   164,446    227,818    266,552    903,194    1,562,010

Bonds

   —      143,669    226,574    84,719    454,962

Chilean Central Bank borrowings:

   —      —      13,960    —      13,960

Credit lines for renegotiations of Loans

   13,507    —      —      2,246    15,753

Other Central Bank borrowings

   12,760    41,340    44,840    301,694    400,634

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

   46,665    15,482    —      —      62,147

Investments sold under agreements to Repurchase

   730,145    —      —      —      730,145

Foreign borrowings

   525,005    72,211    7,480    —      604,696

Other obligations

   58,354    7,935    6,668    3,943    76,900

Total of cash obligations

   5,249,780    1,004,154    587,479    1,307,406    8,148,819

(1)   Excludes demand accounts, saving accounts

 

As of December 31, 2002, the scheduled maturities of other commercial commitments, including accrued interest, were as follows:

 

Other Commercial Commitments


   Due within 1
year


   Due after 1
year but
within 3
years


   Due after 3
years but
within 6
years


   Due after 6
years


   Total 2002

     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 2002)

Letter of Credit

   222,080    7,832    31,644    8,407    341,963

Guarantees

   167,704    60,180    23,855    6,338    258,077

Other commercial commitments

   13,502    4,845    1,921    509    20,777

Total other commercial commitments

   403,286    144,857    57,420    15,254    620,817

 

56


(i) Capital

 

Santander-Chile currently has shareholders’ equity in excess of that required by all current Chilean regulatory requirements. According to the General Banking Law, a bank should have an effective net worth of at least 8% of its risk-weighted assets, net of required reserves, and paid-in capital and reserves (“basic capital”) of at least 3% of its total assets, net of required reserves. For these purposes, the effective net worth of a bank is the sum of (a) the bank’s basic capital; (b) subordinated bonds issued by the bank valued at their placement price up to 50% of its basic capital; provided that the value of the bonds shall decrease 20% for each year that lapses during the period commencing six years prior to their maturity and (c) voluntary loan loss allowances up to 1.25% of the bank’s risk-weighted assets. The calculation of the effective net worth does not include the capital contributions made to subsidiaries of the bank nor its foreign branches. In 2001, the reforms to the capital markets resulted in changes in the calculation of the Bank’s regulatory capital, which became effective in 2002. This consisted of changing the calculation of capital contributions from an unconsolidated basis to a consolidated basis. For purposes of weighing the risk of a bank’s assets, the General Banking Law considers five different categories of assets, based on the nature of the issuer, the availability of funds, the nature of the assets and the existence of collateral securing such assets. The following table shows Santander-Chile’s actual equity versus the minimum effective equity required by law:

 

     At December 31,

     2001

   2002

    

(in millions of constant Ch$ as

of December 31, 2002)

Minimum effective equity required

   389,272    640,147

Santander-Chile’s effective equity

   620,112    1,141,806
    
  

Excess over minimum effective equity

   230,840    501,659
    
  

 

The merger of Old Santander-Chile and Santiago required a special regulatory preapproval of the Superintendency of Banks which was granted on May 16, 2002. The resolution granting this preapproval imposed a mandatory minimum capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 12% for the merged bank.

 

 

(ii) Reserves

 

In accordance with the General Banking Law regulations prior to November 4, 1997, banks were required to have a minimum of UF400,000 (approximately US$9.4 million as of December 31, 2002) of paid in capital and reserves. Pursuant to the new General Banking Law, for all periods subsequent to November 4, 1997, banks are required to have a minimum of UF800,000 (approximately US$18.8 million as of December 31, 2002) of paid in capital and reserves, an effective net worth of at least 8% of its risk weighted assets, net of required reserves, and paid in capital and reserves of at least 3% of its total assets, net of required reserves. See “Item 4B: Business Overview—Chilean Regulation and Supervision.” In 2001, the General Banking Law was modified again, allowing banks to begin operations with a minimum capital of UF 400,000 (approximately US$9.4 million as of December 31, 2002) of paid-in capital and reserves with the obligation to increase it to UF 800,000 (approximately US$18.8 million as of December 31, 2002) in an undetermined period of time. If the Bank maintains a minimum capital of UF 400,000 (approximately US$9.4 million as of December 31, 2002) then it will be required to maintain a minimum BIS ratio of 12%. If the bank increases its capital to UF 600,000 (approximately US$14.1 million as of December 31, 2002) then the minimum BIS ratio that the bank must maintain is 10%.

 

The following table sets forth our minimum capital requirements set by the Superintendency of Banks as of the dates indicated. See Note 14 to our financial statements for a description of the minimum capital requirements.

 

     As of December 31,

 
     2001

    2002

 
    

(in millions of constant Ch$,

except for percentages)

 

Net capital base

   432,664     805,890  

3% of total assets net of provisions

   (198,802 )   (363,408 )

Excess over minimum required equity

   233,862     442,482  

Net capital base as a percentage of the total assets, net of provisions

   6.5 %   6.7 %

Effective equity

   620,112     1,141,806  

 

57


8% of the risk-weighted assets

   (389,272 )   (640,147 )

Excess over minimum required equity

   230,840     501,659  

Effective equity as a percentage of the risk-weighted assets

   12.7 %   14.3 %

 

(iii) Financial Investments

 

The following table sets forth our investment in Chilean government and corporate securities and certain other financial investments as of December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002. Financial investments which have a secondary market are carried at market value. Since 1999, market value adjustments were performed only for those investments with maturities greater than one year. All other financial investments are carried at acquisition cost, plus accrued interest and indexation readjustments, as applicable.

 

     As of December 31,

     2000

   2001

   2002

     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of
December 31, 2002)

Central Bank and government securities

              

Marketable debt securities(1)

   126,380    400,513    1,146,046

Investments collateral under agreements to repurchase(2)

   155,706    191,433    633,403

Investments purchased under agreements to resell

   1,744    7,024    332,330

Other investments(3)

   30,566    30,276    53,875

Subtotal

   314,396    629,246    2,165,654

Corporate securities

              

Marketable securities(1)

   147,365    199,264    268,007

Mortgage finance bonds issued by the Bank(4)

   18,277    42,320    —  

Investment collateral under agreements to repurchase

   3,259    33,264    63,688

Subtotal

   168,901    274,848    331,695

Time deposits in Chilean institutions

   5,806    4,091    2,029

Time deposits in foreign financial institutions

   98,541    64,157    —  
     104,347    68,248    2,029

Total

   587,644    972,342    2,499,378

(1)   Including market value adjustment.

 

(2)   Under Chilean GAAP, investment securities that are sold subject to repurchase agreements are reclassified from their investment category to “investments under agreements to repurchase.” Under U.S. GAAP, no such reclassification would be made since, in substance, the investment securities serve only as collateral for the borrowing.

 

(3)   Investments held to maturity.

 

(4)   In 2000 and 2001, these mortgage finance bonds issued by us were shown as investments. As such, these assets were matched by an equal liability. At December 31, 2002, these investments are presented net of its corresponding liability.

 

Under Chilean GAAP, investments held for trading must be marked-to-market.

 

The following table sets forth an analysis of our investments, by time remaining to maturity and the weighted average nominal rates of such investments:

 

     Within
one year


   Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate


    After one
year but
within five
years


   Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate


    After five
years but
within
ten years


   Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate


    After ten
years


   Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate


     Total

   Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate


 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002)  

Government securities

                                                        

Central Bank securities

   242,655    2.71 %   763,816    3.20 %   6,578    3.65 %   18,474    4.85 %    1,031,523    3.60 %

Chilean Treasury Bonds

   9,132    9.96 %   —          —            —             9,132    9.96 %

 

58


Government Pension Bonds

   77,791    4.60 %   75,721    3.64 %   6,694    4.32 %   2,528    4.91 %    162,734    4.37 %

Total

   329,578    —       839,537    —       13,272    —       21,002    —        1,203,389    —    

Investment Purchased under Resale Agreements

   174,873    2.01     44,910    2.96     11,166    4.32     13,611    5.04      244,560    3.58  

Other Financial Investment

                                                        

Time deposits in Chilean Financial Institutions

   3,709    2.99     10,604    3.77     1,491    5.87     941    6.99      16,745    4.90  

Other Marketable Securities

   101,929    4.11     158,232    7.11     93,043    6.20     172,146    7.43      525,350    6.21  

Total

   105,638    —       168,836    —       94,534    —       173,087    —        542,095    —    

Investment Collateral under agreements to repurchase

   349,014    1.45     75,243    5.27     59,255    5.93     25,822    6.87      509,334    4.88  

Total Financial Investment

   959,103    —       1,128,526    —       178,227    —       233,522    —        2,499,378    —    

 

Unused sources of liquidity

 

In December 2002, we signed and registered a European Medium Term Note program (the “MTN Program”) for US$300 million. Under this program we will be able to issue debt instruments in the European and U.S. markets pursuant to Rule 144A. These financial instruments can be issued in a wide variety of currencies and maturities with fixed or floating rates. The program also allows us to issue subordinated and senior bonds, as well as certificates of deposit. We have not yet issued debt instruments under this program and therefore the MTN Program constitutes an unused source of liquidity for us.

 

Working capital

 

As a bank, we satisfy our working capital needs through general funding. The majority of our funding derives from deposits and other borrowings from the public. See “Item 5C: Liquidity and Capital Resources Deposits and other Borrowings.” In our opinion, our working capital is sufficient for our present needs.

 

Liquidity Management

 

Liquidity management seeks to ensure that, even under adverse conditions, we have access to the funds necessary to cover client needs, maturing liabilities and capital requirements. Liquidity risk arises in the general funding for our financing, trading and investment activities. It includes the risk of unexpected increases in the cost of funding the portfolio of assets at appropriate maturities and rates, the risk of being unable to liquidate a position in a timely manner at a reasonable price and the risk that we will be required to repay liabilities earlier than anticipated.

 

Our general policy is to maintain liquidity adequate to ensure our ability to honor withdrawals of deposits, make repayments at maturity of other liabilities, extend loans and meet its own working capital needs. The minimum amount of liquidity is determined by the reserve requirements of the Central Bank. Deposits are subject to a reserve requirement of 9% for peso-denominated demand deposits, 3.6% for peso and UF-denominated time deposits and 19% for demand deposits and 13.6% for time deposits for dollar and other foreign currency obligations. See “Item 4D: Business Overview—Regulation and Supervision.” The Central Bank has statutory authority to increase these percentages to up to 40% for demand deposits and up to 20% for time deposits, to implement monetary policy. In addition, a 100% special reserve (reserva técnica) applies to demand deposits, deposits in checking accounts, other demand deposits received or obligations payable on sight, incurred in the ordinary course of business, other deposits unconditionally payable immediately or within a term of less than 30 days and other time deposits payable within 10 days to the extent their aggregate amount exceeds 2.5 times the amount of a bank’s paid-in capital and reserves. Interbank loans are deemed to have a maturity of more than 30 days, even if payable within the following 10 days.

 

In 1999 the Central Bank passed new regulations regarding liquidity which is summarized as follows:

 

   

The sum of the liabilities with a maturity of less than 30 days cannot exceed the sum of the assets with maturity of 30 days by more than an amount equal to a bank’s capital. This limit must be calculated

 

59


separately for the gap in pesos and the gap in foreign currency. In any case the sum of the gap in local currency and foreign currency cannot be greater than a bank’s capital.

 

    The sum of the liabilities with a maturity of less than 90 days cannot exceed the sum of the assets with a maturity of less than 90 days by more than 2 times a bank’s capital. This limit must be calculated in local currency and foreign currencies together as one gap.

 

We have set other liquidity limits and ratios that minimize liquidity risk. See “Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk.

 

Cash Flow

 

The tables below sets forth our main sources of cash. The subsidiaries are not an important source of cash flow for us and therefore, have no impact on our ability to meet our cash obligations. No legal or economic restrictions exist on the ability of subsidiaries to transfer funds to us in the form of loans or cash dividends as long as these subsidiaries abide by the regulations in the Ley de Sociedad Anonimas regarding loans to related parties and minimum dividend payments.

 

     Year ended December 31,

     2000

   2001

    2002

     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of
December 31, 2002)

Net cash provided by operating activities

   345,999    (210,443 )   359,820

 

Cash provided by operating activities increased Ch$570,263 million in 2002 compared to 2001 due to the merger which increased the Bank’s operating activities.

 

     Year ended December 31,

     2000

    2001

    2002

     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of
December 31, 2002)

Net cash provided by investing activities

   (137,951 )   (274,381 )   746,625

 

Cash provided by investing activities increased Ch$1,021,006 million in 2002 compared to 2001 due to the merger.

 

     Year ended December 31,

 
     2000

    2001

   2002

 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of
December 31, 2002)
 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   (55,996 )   510,632    (1,164,365 )

 

Cash provided by financing investing activities decreased Ch$1,674,997 million in 2002 compared to 2001 as a result of the merger.

 

Deposits and Other Borrowings

 

The following table sets forth our average daily balance of liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, in each case together with the related average nominal interest rates paid thereon.

 

60


     Year ended December 31,

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

 
     Average
Balance


   % of Total
Average
Liabilities


    Average
Nominal
Rate


    Average
Balance


   % of Total
Average
Liabilities


    Average
Nominal
Rate


    Average
Balance


   % of Total
Average
Liabilities


     Average
Nominal
Rate


 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002, except for percentages)  

Savings accounts

   82,659    1.4 %   8.7 %   90,121    1.4 %   6.2 %   164,441    1.4 %    4.0 %

Time deposits

   2,240,370    38.3     9.3     2,420,661    37.1     6.5     4,851,306    40.1      4.7  

Central Bank borrowings

   23,786    0.4     7.9     31,345    0.5     6.0     42,238    0.3      6.7  

Repurchase agreements

   130,711    2.2     6.8     194,245    3.0     3.6     531,850    4.4      5.4  

Mortgage finance bonds

   971,295    16.6     11.0     1,046,151    16.0     9.5     1,711,414    14.1      8.7  

Other interest bearing liabilities

   735,444    12.6     9.5     817,800    12.5     8.0     1,445,299    11.9      6.8  
    
              
              
             

Subtotal interest bearing liabilities

   4,184,265    71.5     9.6     4,600,323    70.5     7.3     8,746,548    72.2      5.9  
    
              
              
             

Non-interest bearing liabilities

                                                    

Non-interest bearing deposits

   765,595    13.1     —       863,395    13.2     —       1,649,587    13.6      —    

Contingent liabilities

   317,823    5.4     —       309,794    4.7     —       664,946    5.5      —    

Other non-interest bearing liabilities

   111,075    1.9     —       226,162    3.5     —       73,369    0.6      —    

Shareholders’ equity

   474,475    8.1     —       526,499    8.1     —       973,322    8.0      —    
    
              
              
             

Subtotal non-interest bearing liabilities

   1,669,268    28.5     —       1,925,850    29.5     —       3,361,224    27.8      —    
    
              
              
             

Total liabilities

   5,853,533    100.0     —       6,526.173    100.0     —       12,107,772    100.0      —    
    
              
              
             

 

Our most important source of funding is our time deposits. Time deposits represented 40.1% of our average total liabilities in the year ended December 31, 2002. Our current funding strategy is to continue to utilize all sources of funding in accordance with their cost, their availability and our general asset and liability management strategy. Special emphasis is being placed on increasing deposits from retail customers which we consider to be a cheaper and more stable source of funding. We also intend to continue to broaden our customer deposit base, to emphasize core deposit funding and to fund our mortgage loans with the matched funding available through the issuance of mortgage finance bonds in Chile’s domestic capital markets. See “Item 4B: Business Overview—Lines of Business—Banca Comercial—Residential Mortgage Lending.” Management believes that broadening our deposit base by increasing the number of account holders has created a more stable funding source.

 

Composition of Deposits and Other Commitments

 

The following table sets forth the composition of our deposits and similar commitments as of December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.

 

     As of December 31,

     2000

   2001

   2002

     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of
December 31, 2002)

Checking accounts

   510,820    534,583    1,099,820

Other demand liabilities

   374,913    326,567    718,015

Savings accounts

   87,482    92,656    187,861

Time deposits

   2,244,514    2,610,309    4,039,751

Other commitments (1)

   13,432    15,129    38,462

Total

   3,231,161    3,579,244    6,083,909

(1)   Includes primarily leasing accounts payable relating to purchases of equipment.

 

Maturity of Deposits

 

The following table sets forth information regarding the currency and maturity of our deposits as of December 31, 2002, expressed in percentages. UF–denominated deposits are similar to peso-denominated deposits in

 

61


all respects, except that the principal is readjusted periodically based on variations in the Chilean consumer price index.

 

     Ch$

   UF

   Foreign
Currency


   Total

Demand deposits

   0.8    —      —      0.4

Savings accounts

   32.1    —      14.5    20.2

Time deposits:

                   

Maturing within 3 months

   63.3    31.7    97.3    56.3

Maturing after 3 but within 6 months

   14.5    19.1    2.6    14.5

Maturing after 6 but within 12 months

   7.4    35.6    0.1    17.0

Maturing after 12 months

   14.8    13.6    0.0    12.2

Total time deposits

   67.1    100.0    85.5    79.4

Total deposits

   100.0    100.0    100.0    100.0

 

The following table sets forth information regarding the maturity of the outstanding time deposits in excess of U.S.$100,000 issued by us as of December 31, 2002.

 

     Ch$

   UF

   Foreign
Currency


   Total

     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002)

Time deposits:

                           

Maturing within 3 months

     3,000,000      —        92,081      3,092,081

Maturing after 3 but within 6 months

     —        —        10,899      10,899

Maturing after 6 but within 12 months

     —        2,458      —        2,458

Maturing after 12 months

     104,474      —        —        104,474

Total time deposits

   Ch$ 3,104,474    Ch$ 2,458    Ch$ 102,980    Ch$ 3,209,912

 

Short-term Borrowings

 

The principal categories of our short-term borrowings are amounts borrowed under foreign trade lines of credit, domestic interbank loans and repurchase agreements. The table below presents the amounts outstanding at the end of each period indicated and the weighted average nominal interest rate for each such period by type of short-term borrowing.

 

     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

 
     Year End
Balance


   Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest
Rate


    Year End
Balance


   Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest
Rate


    Year End
Balance


   Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest
Rate


 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002, except for rate data)  

Investments under repurchase agreements

   158,759    7.4 %   224,822    2.6 %   730,145    4.0 %

Central Bank borrowings

                                 

Domestic interbank loans

   169,930    9.2     191,358    6.5     20,590    3.6  

Borrowings under foreign trade credit lines

   58,959    7.2     110,901    2.7     36,725    8.5  

Total short-term borrowings

   387,648    8.2     527,081    4.0     787,380    7.3  

 

62


The following table shows the average balance and the average nominal rate for each short-term borrowing category during the periods indicated:

 

     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

 
     Average
Balance


   Average
Nominal
Interest
Rate


    Average
Balance


   Average
Nominal
Interest
Rate


    Average
Balance


   Average
Nominal
Interest
Rate


 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002, except for rate data)  

Investments under repurchase agreements

   130,711    6.8 %   194,245    3.6 %   531,850    5.4 %

Central Bank borrowings

   23,786    7.9     31,345    6.0     42,238    6.7  

Domestic interbank loans

   147,949    9.5     129,893    5.3     32,995    6.7  

Borrowings under foreign trade credit lines

                         1,093,179    6.8  

Total short-term borrowings

   302,446    8.2     335,483    3.8     1,700,262    6.4  

 

The following table presents the maximum month-end balances of our principal sources of short-term borrowings during the periods indicated:

 

     Maximum 2000
Month-
End Balance


   Maximum 2001
Month-
End Balance


   Maximum 2002
Month-
End Balance


     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2002)

Investments under agreements to repurchase

   229,950    235,724    47,385

Central Bank borrowings

   9,558    108,366    —  

Domestic interbank loans

   240,210    216,556    20,510

Borrowings under foreign trade credit lines

   58,959    147,634    114,319

Total short-term borrowings

   538,677    708,280    182,214

 

Other Borrowings

 

Our long-term and short-term borrowings are summarized below. Borrowings are generally classified as short-term when they have original maturities of less than one year or are due on demand. All other borrowings are classified as long-term, including the amounts due within one year on such borrowings.

 

     December 31, 2001

     Long-term

   Short-term

   Total

     (Ch$mn)

Central Bank borrowings

   16,349    108,366    124,715

Credit loans for renegotiations of loans

   —      —      —  

Investments under agreements to repurchase

   —      224,822    224,822

Mortgage finance bonds

   1,126,616    —      1,126,616

Other borrowings: bonds

   234,155    —      234,155

Subordinated bonds

   272,824    —      272,824

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

   35,793    82,992    118,785

Foreign borrowings

   75,827    110,901    186,728

Other obligations

   13,875    29,438    43,313
    
  
  

Total borrowings

   1,775,439    556,519    2,331,958
    
  
  
     December 31, 2002

     Long-term

   Short-term

   Total

     (Ch$mn)

Central Bank borrowings

   13,960    —      13,960

Credit loans for renegotiations of loans

   5,753    —      15,753

 

63


     December 31, 2002

     Long-term

   Short-term

   Total

     (Ch$mn)

Investments under agreements to repurchase

   —      730,145    730,145

Mortgage finance bonds

   1,562,010    —      1,562,010

Other borrowings: bonds

   400,634    —      400,634

Subordinated bonds

   454,962    —      454,962

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

   41,637    20,510    62,147

Foreign borrowings

   567,971    36,725    604,696

Other obligations

   35,244    41,656    76,900
    
  
  

Total borrowings

   3,092,171    829,036    3,921,207
    
  
  

 

a) Central Bank borrowings

 

Central Bank borrowings include credit lines for the renegotiations of loans and other Central Bank borrowings. These credit lines were provided by the Central Bank for the renegotiations of loans due to the need to refinance debts as a result of the economic recession and crisis of the banking system in the early 1980’s. The lines for the renegotiations, which are considered long-term, are related with mortgage loans linked to the UF index and bear a real annual interest rate of 3.0%. Other Central Bank borrowings carry a nominal annual interest rate of 6.4%. The maturities of the outstanding amounts due to the Central Bank are as follows:

 

     December 31,

     2001

   2002

     (Ch$mn)

Renegotiations of mortgage loans

   16,349    15,753
    
  

Total credit lines for renegotiations of loans

   16,349    15,753
    
  

 

The maturities of the outstanding amounts due under these credit lines, which are considered long-term, are as follows:

 

     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due within 1 year

   13,507

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

   —  

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

   —  

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

   —  

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

   —  

Due after 5 years

   2,246
    

Total credit lines for renegotiations of loans

   15,753
    

 

(b) Mortgage finance bonds

 

These bonds are used to finance the granting of mortgage loans. The outstanding principal amounts of the bonds are amortized on a quarterly basis. The range of maturities of these bonds is between five and twenty years. The bonds are linked to the UF index and bear a real weighted average annual interest rate of 5.7%.

 

     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due within 1 year

   164,446

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

   129,339

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

   98,479

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

   136,805

 

64


Due after 4 years but within 5 years

   129,747

Due after 5 years

   903,194
    

Total mortgage finance bonds

   1,562,010
    

 

(c) Other borrowings: bonds

 

     As of December 31,

     2001

   2002

     (Ch$mn)

Santiago Leasing S.A.’s bonds

   84,457    79,213

Santiago bonds

   149,698    133,548

Santander bonds

      187,873
    
  

Total other borrowings: bonds

   234,155    400,634
    
  

 

Santiago Leasing S.A.’s bonds are linked to UF and carry an annual interest rate of 5.6%.

 

Bond obligations included in the line Santiago bonds include series A, B, C and F issued by Santiago and series B and D issued by the former Banco O’Higgins, prior to its merger with us in 1997. These bonds are intended to finance loans that have a maturity of greater than one year, are linked to the UF index and carry a weighted average annual interest rate of 7.0% with interest and principal payments due semi-annually.

 

Bond obligations included in the line Santander bonds reflect issued by the Old Santander. These bonds are intended to finance loans that have a maturity of greater than one year, are linked to the UF index and carry a weighted average annual interest rate of 6.5%.

 

65


The maturities of these bonds are as follows:

 

     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due within 1 year

   12,760

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

   28,728

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

   12,612

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

   10,703

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

   34,137

Due after 5 years

   301,694
    

Total bonds

   400,634
    

 

d) Subordinated bonds

 

     As of December 31,

     2001

   2002

     (Ch$mn)

Santiago bonds denominated en US$ (4)

   206,561    217,389

Santander bonds denominated en US$ (3)

      143,683

Santiago bonds linked to the UF (2)

   66,263    62,052

Santander bonds linked to the UF (1)

      31,838
    
  

Total subordinated bonds

   272,824    454,962
    
  

(1)   The Series C, D and E Bonds outstanding as of December 31, 2002 are intended for the financing of loans having a maturity of greater than one year. They are linked to the UF index and carry an annual interest rate of 7.0% with interest and principal payments due semi-annually.

 

(2)   The Series C and E Bonds outstanding as of December 31, 2002 are intended for the financing of loans having a maturity of greater than one year. They are linked to the UF index and carry an annual interest rate of 7.5% and 6.0% respectively, with interest and principal payments due semi-annually.

 

(3)   On October 30, 1998, the Old Santander-Chile issued subordinated bonds abroad, denominated in U.S. dollars, for a total of US$200 million. The bonds carry a nominal interest rate of 6.5% per annum, semi-annual interest payments and one repayment of principal after a term of 7 years.

 

(4)   Additionally, on July 17, 1997, Santiago issued subordinated bonds abroad, denominated in U.S. dollars, for a total of US$300 million. The bonds carried a nominal interest rate of 7.0% per annum, semi-annual interest payments and one repayment of principal after a term of 10 years. In January 2003 we concluded our offer to exchange new subordinated notes due 2012 for any and all of its outstanding 7% subordinated notes due 2007. A total of US$221,961,000 principal amount of old notes was tendered and accepted by us. Tendering holders received, in exchange for each US$1,000 principal amount of such tendered old notes:

 

    US$1,000 principal amount of new notes with an annual interest rate of 7.375%,

 

    A cash payment of US$45.13. The aggregate of such cash payments was approximately US$10,017,100.

 

The maturities of these bonds, which are considered long-term, are as follows:

 

     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due within 1 year

  

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

  

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

   143,669

 

66


     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

  

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

   226,574

Due after 5 years

   84,719
    

Total subordinated bonds

   454,962
    

 

e) Foreign borrowings

 

These are short-term and long-term borrowings from foreign banks. The maturities of these borrowings are as follows:

 

     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due within 1 year

   488,280

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

   18,538

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

   53,673

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

   4,630

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

   2,850
    

Total long-term

   567,971

Total short-term

   36,725
    

Total foreign borrowings

   604,696
    

 

All of these loans are denominated principally in U.S. dollars, are principally used to fund our foreign trade loans and carry an annual average interest rate of 2.9%.

 

f) Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

 

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions are used to fund our general activities and direct finance leasing contracts, carry a weighted annual average interest rate of 6.7% and have the followings maturities:

 

     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due within 1 year

   26,155

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

   15,482

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

  

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

  

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

  
    

Total long-term

   41,637

Total short-term

   20,510
    

Total borrowings from domestic financial institutions

   62,147
    

 

g) Other obligations

 

Other obligations are summarized as follows:

 

     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due within 1 year

   16,698

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

   5,348

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

   2,587

 

67


     As of December 31,
2002


     (Ch$mn)

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

   2,655

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

   4,013

Due after 5 years

   3,943
    

Total long term obligations

   35,244
    

Short-term obligations:

    

Amounts due to credit card operator

   34,722

Acceptance of letters of credit

   6,934
    

Total short-term obligations

   41,656
    

Total other obligations

   76,900
    

 

Other Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Commitments

 

We are party to transactions with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of our business. These transactions expose us to credit risk in addition to amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements. These transactions include commitments to extend credit not otherwise accounted for as contingent loans. These commitments include such items as overdraft and credit card lines of credit.

 

Such commitments are agreements to lend to a customer at a future date, subject to the customer compliance with meeting of the contractual terms. Since a substantial portion of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent our actual future cash requirements. The amounts of these commitments are Ch $1,314,612 million as of December 31, 2002.

 

We use the same credit policies in making commitments to extend credit as we do for granting loans. In